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jmdict 1187290 Active (id: 2276717)
[ichi1] 仮り [io]
かり [ichi1]
1. [adj-no,pref]
▶ temporary
▶ provisional
▶ interim
▶ tentative
2. [adj-no]
▶ fictitious
▶ assumed (name)
▶ alias
3. [adj-no]
▶ hypothetical
▶ theoretical



History:
6. A 2023-09-10 20:53:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
5. A* 2023-09-10 13:11:53  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/仮#tentative

https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/仮#Tentative

https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=仮
仮のスケジュールを立てる
set a tentative schedule

(eijiro has a large collection of collocations glossed with "tentative")
  Comments:
Looking at eijiro and reverso, "tentative" seems like a useful/applicable gloss. (I was looking at "tentative articles of incorporation" vs. "provisional"... a lot of overlap).
  Diff:
@@ -21,0 +22 @@
+<gloss>tentative</gloss>
4. A 2013-12-16 02:11:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, G5, etc.
  Comments:
Not sure it's actually a noun.
  Diff:
@@ -17,1 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -25,1 +24,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -31,0 +29,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>hypothetical</gloss>
+<gloss>theoretical</gloss>
+</sense>
3. A* 2013-12-15 13:04:50  Chris Vasselli <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Many words use this as a prefix to mean temporary/provisional. Not sure about 
the fictitious sense as a prefix.
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@
+<pos>&pref;</pos>
2. A 2010-12-20 20:21:14  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1187880 Active (id: 2276716)
仮定款
かりていかん
1. [n] [rare] {business}
▶ provisional articles of incorporation
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1435480 定款 1. articles of incorporation; company statute



History:
2. A 2023-09-10 20:52:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<field>&bus;</field>
1. A* 2023-09-10 13:00:58  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
定款	704003	100.0%
仮定款	30	0.0%
  Comments:
As A+B, this is provisional/interim/tentative + 定款. That would explain Eijiro's "provisional bylaws"
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=仮定款

Search results appear to return (copies?) of articles for companies from the early 1900s, like this one:
https://www.kosho.or.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=375766955

I haven't found a modern use, but maybe they are out there.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>provisional articles</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1435480">定款</xref>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>provisional articles of incorporation</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1323930 Active (id: 2276743)
借款 [news1,nf09]
しゃっかん [news1,nf09]
1. [n]
▶ loan (esp. between governments)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1429880 長期借款【ちょうきしゃっかん】 1. long-term credit; long-term loan



History:
4. A 2023-09-11 02:46:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK. The JEs have examples that look as though they also apply to domestic loans, e.g. "借款を申し込む ask for a loan", but I agree most usage appears to be international.
3. A* 2023-09-11 01:44:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
smk: 国と国との間の貸し借り。借金(の取りまとめ)
  Comments:
This might be better.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>loan (esp. from a country or international financial institution)</gloss>
+<gloss>loan (esp. between governments)</gloss>
2. A* 2023-09-11 00:04:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr: 金銭の貸借。特に,政府または公的機関同士の国際的な長期資金の貸借。
daijs: 政府または公的機関の国際的な長期資金の貸借。広義には民間借款も含む。
  Comments:
There is according to the kokugos.
I don't think it needs a finc tag. No tag in GG5.
  Diff:
@@ -16,2 +16 @@
-<field>&finc;</field>
-<gloss>loan</gloss>
+<gloss>loan (esp. from a country or international financial institution)</gloss>
1. A* 2023-09-10 21:56:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Nothing international about it.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>(international) loan</gloss>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<gloss>loan</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1383920 Active (id: 2276718)
切り開く切り拓く切りひらくきり拓く [sK] 切開く [sK] 切り墾く [sK]
きりひらく
1. [v5k,vt]
▶ to cut open
2. [v5k,vt]
▶ to clear (land)
▶ to cut (a path, road, etc.)
▶ to open
▶ to cut one's way through (e.g. a jungle)
3. [v5k,vt]
▶ to carve out (a new career, future, etc.)
▶ to open up (a new field)

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2023-09-10 20:59:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2023-09-10 14:56:42  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
〈切(り)/きり〉〈開/拓/墾/ひら〉く

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 切り開く  │ 262,002 │ 56.8% │
│ 切り拓く  │ 103,172 │ 22.4% │
│ 切りひらく │  89,320 │ 19.4% │ - add
│ きり拓く  │   1,747 │  0.4% │ - add, sK
│ 切開く   │     725 │  0.2% │
│ 切拓く   │     403 │  0.1% │
│ きり開く  │     380 │  0.1% │
│ 切り墾く  │       0 │  0.0% │ - sK
│ きりひらく │   3,697 │  0.8% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,7 @@
+<keb>切りひらく</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>きり拓く</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -16 +23 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
7. A* 2023-09-10 14:33:16  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
切り開く	262002	71.6%
切り拓く	103172	28.2%
切開く	725	0.2%
切り墾く	0	0.0%

墾く	49	0.0%
  Comments:
墾く itself is rare. It seems clear that り should not be omitted if you are writing this today, so I prefer [sK].  It is not optional in sankoku.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,0 +16 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2021-05-11 23:35:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2021-05-11 21:44:58  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
  Comments:
I think the order of the first two senses should be swapped.
  Diff:
@@ -22,2 +22 @@
-<gloss>to clear (land)</gloss>
-<gloss>to open up</gloss>
+<gloss>to cut open</gloss>
@@ -28,2 +27,4 @@
-<gloss>to cut open (e.g. envelope)</gloss>
-<gloss>to cut through</gloss>
+<gloss>to clear (land)</gloss>
+<gloss>to cut (a path, road, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to open</gloss>
+<gloss>to cut one's way through (e.g. a jungle)</gloss>
@@ -34 +35,2 @@
-<gloss>to carve out (e.g. new career)</gloss>
+<gloss>to carve out (a new career, future, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to open up (a new field)</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1429880 Active (id: 2276724)
長期借款
ちょうきしゃっかん
1. [n]
▶ long-term credit
▶ long-term loan
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1323930 借款 1. loan (esp. between governments)



History:
2. A 2023-09-10 21:58:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
中辞典, Eijiro
  Comments:
Not international. Neither is  借款.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>(international) long-term loan</gloss>
+<gloss>long-term credit</gloss>
+<gloss>long-term loan</gloss>
1. A* 2023-09-10 11:32:06  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
長期借款 | InvestKOREA(JPN)
https://www.investkorea.org/ik-jp/cntnts/i-726/web.do

借款	103227
長期借款	542   <--- not super common

Some generic long-term loans
長期借入金	21722
長期貸付	6074
長期貸付金	3900 <--- we have this one
長期ローン	5849
長期融資	1939


https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/_Reports/02/2023/f02ebae6b974dc96/202302.pdf
 長期借款
長期借款とは、外国人投資企業の海外親会社および当該親会社と資本出資関係がある企業または外国投資家およびその外国投資家と資本出資関係がある企業が当該外国人投資企業に貸し付ける 5 年以上の長期貸付金(借款)のことをいう。
  Comments:
You may prefer to just delete this.  A+B.  We have lots of 長期 = "long-term" entries, this one is a bit specialized, and not particularly useful.  The jetro link says "5+ years".
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>long-term loan</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1323930">借款</xref>
+<gloss>(international) long-term loan</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1527200 Active (id: 2276773)
未開墾
みかいこん
1. [adj-no]
▶ uncultivated
▶ wild
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1527460 未墾 1. uncultivated; wild



History:
4. A 2023-09-11 22:57:22  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
未墾	3,777
未開墾が	No matches		
未開墾を	No matches
  Comments:
I wouldn't mind dropping it.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1527460">未墾</xref>
3. A 2023-09-10 20:49:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
In GG5.
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>wild</gloss>
2. D* 2023-09-10 15:44:33  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Lots of 未 + 2-character compounds that are more common than this and don't have entries

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────╮
│ 未対応 │ 865,685 │
│ 未設定 │ 277,247 │
│ 未掲載 │ 270,320 │
│ 未発売 │ 259,314 │
│ 未分類 │ 237,831 │
│ 未選択 │ 216,456 │
│ 未入居 │ 206,286 │
│ 未購入 │ 203,365 │
│ 未体験 │ 198,754 │
│ 未開墾 │   1,076 │ - this entry
╰─ーーー─┴─────────╯
1. A* 2023-09-10 15:15:10  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
未開墾	1076	  
未開墾地	501	  
未開墾の	464	  
未開墾の土地	263	  
未開墾地の	120	  
未開墾地に	91	  
未開墾の土地を	63	  
未開墾地を	60	  
未開墾地には開発	55	  
未開墾地には	55	  
未開墾の土地の	40
  Comments:
Minimally [adj-no], I assume [n] isn't going anywhere.(Small comment on 未訳).
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1548690 Active (id: 2276742)
落款
らっかん
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ signature and seal (on calligraphy, paintings, etc.)

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2023-09-11 02:25:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
1. A* 2023-09-10 13:59:58  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/落款/
(スル)《落成の款識 (かんし) の意》書画が完成したとき、作者が署名し、または押印すること。また、その署名や印。

Most generally "signature and seal "
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/落款

barely suru at all...
落款	59877	  
落款印	9414	  
落款の	4908	  
落款入り	4562	  
落款が	4323	  
落款を	4020
...
落款し	67	  
落款して	28	  
落款した	22	  

Reverso match for the stamp alone, a 落款印
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/落款印
 preferably used itoin as their own Rakkan-in (seal to be put on a piece of calligraphy by a calligrapher when the piece is completed).

Trendy youtube video on the subject of where to place them, and what to include (when doing calligraphy):
https://youtu.be/8EXwN8ZbB48?t=87
  Comments:
"sign and seal" seemed somewhere between a noun and a verb gloss.  This term is usually a noun. 

This is what artists do when completing a piece of calligraphy or painting, etc.  "upon completion" is baked into the word. (落 abbreviated from 落成). 

Does not appear to be a signature alone...  Sign, then stamp. Though the use of "また" in kokugo definitions seems a little confusing ("in addition" vs. "or else").  The stamp certainly seems integral in any example I can find.

sankoku:
(完成したしるしに)書画に筆者が署名をし、また、印をおすこと。また、その署名や印。
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>sign and seal</gloss>
-<gloss>signature</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>signature and seal (on calligraphy, paintings, etc.)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1768400 Active (id: 2276713)
細則 [news2,nf41]
さいそく [news2,nf41]
1. [n]
▶ bylaws
▶ by-laws
▶ detailed regulations



History:
2. A 2023-09-10 20:47:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Best to have both.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>by-laws</gloss>
1. A* 2023-09-10 12:52:27  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Generally unhyphenated:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/細則

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-law
A by-law (bye-law, by(e)law, by(e) law), or as it is most commonly known in the United States bylaws, i
  Comments:
It appears to me that jmdict prefers the unhyphenated version of by-law/bylaws.  wikipedia is hyphenated, but this was even disputed on the talk page, and the article itself acknowledges that "bylaws" is most common in the U.S.

They are both correct, so the alternative is "bylaws, by-laws" everywhere, which would also be fine with me.

There are a couple other entries that will need to be fixed if this seems good(or about 10~15 if showing both forms, which no entry currently does).
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>by-laws</gloss>
+<gloss>bylaws</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1861380 Deleted (id: 2276748)
謁を賜る謁を賜わる
えつをたまわる
1. [exp,v5r]
▶ to be granted an audience

Conjugations


History:
4. D 2023-09-11 04:02:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I agree. 拝謁を賜る could be added, but it's rather obvious.
3. A* 2023-09-10 13:53:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think this is needed. Rare and the meaning is obvious.
2. A* 2023-09-09 10:36:12  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://reibuncnt.jp/26944

https://sakura-paris.org/dict/学研国語大辞典/content/881_1718
えつをたまわる【謁を賜る】

謁を賜る	0	0.0%
謁を賜わる	0	0.0%
拝謁を賜る	750	87.9%
拝謁を賜わる	0	0.0%
謁見を賜る	103	12.1%
謁見を賜わる	0	0.0%
  Comments:
Our bare entry for 賜る also prefers the orthography without わ。 Both show up in books, and it's not actually a huge gap there.

謁見を賜る and 拝謁を賜る are both far more common, but it's nice to see the verb in any case.
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>謁を賜る</keb>
+</k_ele>
1. A 2010-11-15 11:18:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<pos>&v5r;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1870280 Active (id: 2276715)
協働
きょうどう
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ cooperation
▶ collaboration
▶ (joint) participation

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2023-09-10 20:49:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-09-10 20:05:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, koj
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+<gloss>collaboration</gloss>
+<gloss>(joint) participation</gloss>
1. A 2021-11-18 00:42:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2098410 Deleted (id: 2276683)
別婚
べっこん
1. [n]
▶ separation with divorce in the offing



History:
3. D 2023-09-10 01:39:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, the n-grams (26) and the few WWW hits seem to be false positives.
2. D* 2023-09-09 07:32:00  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Top 10 N-grams Lookup for 別婚 (Frequency Order)
別婚姻	271	  
別婚姻件数	214	  
別婚姻件数の	53	  

This is part of strings like ("number of marriages separated by..."):
年次別婚姻件数
都道府県別婚姻件数
  Comments:
Got here by chance searching "offing".  I had to look up "in the offing". I would rewrite with something more widely understood. "in anticipation of divorce", "with divorce likely".  *except*, I'm not sure this is a word at all.

Is there kokugo support?  This seems like a very specific gloss for a barely-existent term.

The way 別 gets next to 婚 is in strings like in the refs, and like:
シチュエーション別婚活方法
職業別婚活ガイド
年代別の婚活 / 年代別婚活
趣味別の婚活/ 趣味別婚活 ("searching for a marriage partner based on your hobbies", I think)

For example: 「趣味別婚活」の成功率が高い理由
https://www.itmedia.co.jp/makoto/articles/1402/04/news011_3.html

There is a book titled 別婚夫 on amazon, with the tagline:
結婚の持つ脆さ。愛を確信した女と男の信念の強さ。互いに外に愛人を持つ夫と妻。さまざまに揺れ動く男と女の心と性を精緻に描き、結婚は、夫婦の絆とは何かを探った小説。

That doesn't seem to confirm this gloss...

Otherwise, a search for usage is basically fruitless. 

別居, separate homes, is "separation", 別居婚 is "commuter marriage".  別婚 seems just as likely to be short for that as anything else.  I don't see how we would verify a meaning. 

At least two of the (few) google book results that seem to have 別婚 are actually misinterpreted instances of 別嬪(べっぴん).  I found one in a  reference book, and another in a novel here:
https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=4fBfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT1285&lpg=PT1285&dq="別婚です""&source=bl&ots=PI5gpdtapJ&sig=ACfU3U36_9wUpO8tcRGiypICT5vO9hjXHQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFppC6_5yBAxUrgVYBHRZzB7sQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q="別婚です""&f=false
1. A 2006-09-06 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2463790 Active (id: 2276719)
未訳
みやく
1. [adj-no]
▶ untranslated



History:
3. A 2023-09-10 21:03:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think it's a noun.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
2. A* 2023-09-10 15:12:07  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
未訳	15027	  
未訳の	4058	  
未訳作品	1239	 
未訳の作品	405
未訳本	304	  
未訳海外	276	  
未訳海外ゲームの	264
  Comments:
I was recently told [adj-f] was redundant on [adj-no] entries. 

Personally, I like [adj-f] on these terms.  Yes, you can strip の from [adj-no], but certain terms (like this one) are predisposed to it.  If a term appears significantly more often without の than with it, I think that would be nice to highlight.

My intuition is that it would be better to omit [n] from most 未~ terms(we currently include [n] with [adj-no] almost unconditionally).  By Japanese standards these are nouns by definition, but they only behave as adjectives from our point of view.
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
1. A 2009-07-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2771290 Active (id: 2276738)
円塚丸塚
まるづかまるか
1. [n] [rare]
▶ round burial mound
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1176170 円墳 1. round burial mound



History:
6. A 2023-09-11 02:17:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-09-11 01:32:17  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
えんちょう comes from the unabridged version of nikk. It's not in the other kokugos. I think we can drop it.
  Diff:
@@ -15,6 +14,0 @@
-<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>えんちょう</reb>
-<re_restr>円塚</re_restr>
-<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
4. A 2023-09-10 01:41:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-09-09 09:51:46  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
https://kotobank.jp/word/円塚-636271
まる‐づか【円塚/丸塚】
「円墳えんぷん」に同じ。

円墳	29766	87.7%
丸塚	4084	12.0%
円塚	106	0.3%
  Comments:
丸塚 is a place name which inflates the ngrams. Google image search for "丸塚"returns high school sports teams.
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1176170">円墳</xref>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
2. A 2013-02-17 03:40:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2829836 Active (id: 2276702)
最高傑作
さいこうけっさく
1. [n]
▶ masterpiece
▶ masterwork
▶ crowning work
▶ one's magnum opus
▶ work of the highest quality
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2846254 最高作【さいこうさく】 1. magnum opus; (one's) best work



History:
7. A 2023-09-10 13:56:00  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think the x-ref is helpful.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1253840">傑作・1</xref>
6. A 2023-09-09 06:41:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5: a work of the highest quality; a masterpiece; a masterwork; one's magnum opus.
  Comments:
Having a solitary plural gloss sitting in the middle of singular ones looks very odd, Anyway, I doubt it's actually needed; the other five are quite sufficient.
Also, we are fairly wary of quoting verbatim from Eijiro - see the Editorial Policy.
  Diff:
@@ -15 +14,0 @@
-<gloss>greatest works</gloss>
5. A* 2023-09-09 02:39:05  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I do see that we don't usually do (s).  This situation seems exceptional to me, I just don't know how to address it.

Suggestion #2: just make "greatest works" plural (also a deviation from our style, but it is sometimes done in mostly-plural cases).  Eijiro even does this:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=最高傑作
crowning work
greatest works
magnum opus

The issue here remains that "highest", "crowning", "greatest", "magnum opus" all strongly imply that this is singular. (and masterpiece and masterwork, while not strictly defined as singular, are quite compatible with this interpretation).  最高 also seems like it could be "the absolute best". 

That makes the whole entry misleading. If you were seeing this in a J->E context, you could easily be lead to believe "there must be only one thing", when 最高傑作 does not have this limitation, and is quite often plural/uncountable.

I assumed it was the #1 best thing, until I went searching for examples and discovered it was not.  That's what I wanted to address for other dictionary users.
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>greatest work</gloss>
+<gloss>greatest works</gloss>
4. A 2023-09-05 10:04:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
We don't usually do "(s)" endings.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>greatest work(s)</gloss>
+<gloss>greatest work</gloss>
3. A* 2023-09-05 07:22:44  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
One of...
傑作の一つ	14858
最高傑作の一つ	6851

https://tr-ex.me/翻訳/日本語-英語/傑作
最高傑作は
-masterpiece
the perfect album
the best works
finest work

https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=最高傑作
greatest works
(among others)
  Comments:
Google returns some nice examples when simply searching
最高傑作 "greatest masterpieces"

I would personally do this:
(greatest) masterpiece(s)
But I feel like this will be too ugly to be accepted.

xref in an attempt to make it clear that you might be saying more than you mean to with "最高傑作". "傑作" is already legitimately "a masterpiece".  This entry is "among their greatest masterpieces", or something like that.

The selection of glosses here, along with 最高, give the strong impression that only one work applies.  But ngrams for "最高傑作の一つ" give away that this is not necessarily the case.  

In the structure "one of their "..., none if the existing glosses seemed to me to apply.  "One of their finest works" seems most natural to me, "one of their best/greatest works", one of their greatest masterpieces... 

"best" (or "greatest") seems more appropriate here than it did in "傑作"  If you search "傑作" and "best work", the results will tend toward "最高傑作". 

masterwork can legitimately go with 傑作 alone. That said, "masterpiece" seems like the most common gloss for 傑作 or for  最高傑作, so I've moved it up.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1253840">傑作・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1253840">傑作・1</xref>
+<gloss>masterpiece</gloss>
@@ -13 +16 @@
-<gloss>masterpiece</gloss>
+<gloss>greatest work(s)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2842349 Active (id: 2276860)
面謁
めんえつ
1. [n,vs,vi] [rare]
▶ audience with someone of high rank
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1472240 拝謁 1. audience with someone of high rank (e.g. the emperor)

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2023-09-13 18:32:08  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>audience with a person of high rank</gloss>
+<gloss>audience with someone of high rank</gloss>
4. A 2023-09-10 01:43:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-09-09 10:11:49  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
拝謁	23443	98.5%
面謁	360	1.5%

https://kotobank.jp/word/面謁-644511#:~:text=めん‐えつ【面謁】,拝謁。
〘名〙 貴人に会うこと。お目にかかること。拝謁。おめみえ。

daijs:
[名](スル)貴人に会うこと。お目にかかること。拝謁。「国王に面謁する」
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1472240">拝謁</xref>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
2. A 2019-12-10 06:43:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2019-12-10 06:38:20  Timofei Shatrov <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.weblio.jp/content/面謁

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2850880 Active (id: 2276685)
土墳
どふん
1. [n] [rare]
▶ burial mound
▶ tumulus



History:
5. A 2023-09-10 01:42:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think that xref helps.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1433620">塚・2</xref>
4. A* 2023-09-09 10:01:59  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Various burial mounds:

古墳	1069967	91.3%
高塚	69585	5.9%
円墳	29766	2.5%
土饅頭	2862	0.2%
土墳	153	0.0% <---------- this one

daijs:
土を小高く盛り上げた墓。塚。
  Comments:
A kohun is a particular kind of ancient burial mound.  I don't think this has to be ancient.  The kokugos reference more generic terms instead (土饅頭, 塚)
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1266100">古墳</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1433620">塚・2</xref>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
3. A 2021-10-15 03:01:08  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
more commonly as xref
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1266100">古墳</xref>
2. A 2021-10-15 00:58:32  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj daijs nikk gakkoku too
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>tumulus</gloss>
1. A* 2021-10-14 14:59:16  Opencooper
  Refs:
daijr

土墳	153
  Comments:
Shinmeikai uses this in its entry for 「古墳」.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2858662 Active (id: 2276751)
俺TUEEE
おれつえええ
1. [n] [net-sl]
▶ "Mary Sue" protagonist (inexplicably strong or capable character)
2. [n] [net-sl]
▶ overpowering weaker opponents for self-satisfaction (in a video game)



History:
15. A 2023-09-11 04:08:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Looks OK. The whole topic makes me feel tired.
14. A* 2023-09-10 02:14:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/俺TUEEE
  Comments:
I tried to come up with glosses for this a few days ago but I just felt lost. The explanations are all over the place.
I don't think "in a wish-fulfillment story" is necessarily true.
What's the source for "male"? Wiktionary has "Mary Sue (without a gender connotation)".
I'm not sure why sense 2 is adj-f. Niconicopedia defines it as a noun and Wiktionary glosses it as a noun.
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>俺TUEEE</keb>
+<keb>俺TUEEE</keb>
@@ -12,3 +11,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2837549">なろう系</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2837549">なろう系</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2837549">なろう系</xref>
@@ -16 +13 @@
-<gloss>male "Mary Sue" protagonist in a wish-fulfillment story</gloss>
+<gloss>"Mary Sue" protagonist (inexplicably strong or capable character)</gloss>
@@ -19 +16 @@
-<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -21 +18 @@
-<gloss>overpowered (e.g. in a video game)</gloss>
+<gloss>overpowering weaker opponents for self-satisfaction (in a video game)</gloss>
13. A 2023-09-09 06:49:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm comfortable with sense 1. Not so sure about sense 2, but to be frank these slangy entries can be rather vague, and it's probably better to have something than nothing at all.
12. D* 2023-09-08 11:43:24 
  Comments:
Maybe this shouldn't be an entry if the editors aren't sure of the meaning.
11. A 2023-09-08 01:44:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
If the "overpowered" meaning is valid, I think it's another sense. I haven't dug into it very far - not my field.
(show/hide 10 older log entries)

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jmdict 2858745 Deleted (id: 2276752)
曾参歌声
そうしんのかせい
1. [n] [yoji]
▶ living nobly without greed, even in a life of poverty



History:
6. D 2023-09-11 04:09:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I thought we were including them if they were in sites like yoji-jitenon. Not fussed as it very rare.
5. A* 2023-09-10 23:38:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I thought we agreed not to add any more rare yojijukugo that aren't in the major refs.
4. A* 2023-09-10 22:13:21  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Typo
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>living a nobly without greed, even in a life of poverty</gloss>
+<gloss>living nobly without greed, even in a life of poverty</gloss>
3. A 2023-09-10 21:51:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://yoji.jitenon.jp/yojid/1838.html
https://idiom-encyclopedia.com/soushinnnokasei/
  Comments:
Rare, but many yoji are.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>A parable of being noble and not bound by self-interest even though you are poor.</gloss>
+<misc>&yoji;</misc>
+<gloss>living a nobly without greed, even in a life of poverty</gloss>
2. A* 2023-09-10 11:48:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
G n-grams: No matches
  Comments:
Not in my refs. I don't think this is needed.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2858746 Rejected (id: 2276671)
曾参歌声
そうしんのかせい
1. [n]
▶ A parable of being noble and not bound by self-interest even though you are poor.

History:
2. R 2023-09-10 00:02:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Duplicate
1. A* 2023-09-09 18:33:18  steve Smith <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
http://tuuhanichiban.so.land.to/3768.html among others.
  Comments:
Marked as 四字熟語 on page above.

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jmdict 2858747 Active (id: 2276670)

ポゼッション
1. [n] {sports}
▶ possession (of the ball)



History:
2. A 2023-09-10 00:02:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-09-09 23:18:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s, KOD追加語彙

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jmdict 2858748 Active (id: 2276676)
造波抵抗
ぞうはていこう
1. [n] {physics}
▶ wave-making resistance
2. [n] {aviation}
▶ wave drag



History:
2. A 2023-09-10 01:31:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-09-09 23:50:44  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, chujiten, luminous, daij, koj

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2858749 Active (id: 2276704)
膠嚢
こうのう
1. [n] [rare]
▶ (gelatin) capsule
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1038220 カプセル 1. capsule



History:
2. A 2023-09-10 14:24:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daijs, koj
膠嚢	772
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>capsule</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1038220">カプセル</xref>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>(gelatin) capsule</gloss>
1. A* 2023-09-10 13:42:07 
  Refs:
研究社 新和英大辞典 第5版

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jmnedict 5000042 Active (id: 2276681)
KDDI
ケーディーディーアイ [spec1]
1. [company]
▶ KDDI (telecommunications company)



History:
3. A 2023-09-10 01:33:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-09-09 22:33:52 
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>KDDI (Japanese telecommunications company)</gloss>
+<gloss>KDDI (telecommunications company)</gloss>
1. A 2023-05-08 23:46:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmnedict 5000045 Active (id: 2276690)
KOPF
コップ [spec1]
1. [organization]
▶ Federacio de Proletaj Kultur-Organizoj Japanaj (1931-1934)
▶ Japanese Federation of Proletarian Culture Organizations
▶ KOPF



History:
8. A 2023-09-10 03:16:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think アノニマスさん hadn't realized the role of the [spec1] tag here.
7. A* 2023-09-10 03:09:25  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr/s, koj, and nikk have this entry, so I'd say it's worth including
6. A* 2023-09-10 02:20:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think the commenter's is saying that if this entry's inclusion is based on n-grams, the count is inflated due to コップ's much more common "cup" meaning.
5. A 2023-09-10 01:31:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://github.com/JMdictProject/JMdictIssues/issues/94
  Comments:
No, in the names dictionary it's used to flag entries that are added to the JMdict XML distribution.
4. A* 2023-09-10 00:41:09 
  Comments:
Thr Spec1 is likely wrong here if it's based on the reading
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmnedict 5000058 Active (id: 2276692)
PCエンジン
ピーシーエンジン [spec1]
1. [product]
▶ (NEC) PC Engine
▶ TurboGrafx-16



History:
5. A 2023-09-10 06:30:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
4. A* 2023-09-10 04:34:40  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TurboGrafx-16
"The TurboGrafx-16, known as the PC Engine outside North America, is a home video game console designed by Hudson Soft and sold by NEC Home Electronics."
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>TurboGrafx-16</gloss>
3. A 2023-09-10 01:33:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-09-09 22:36:07 
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>(NEC) PC Engine (equiv: Turbografx 16)</gloss>
+<gloss>(NEC) PC Engine</gloss>
1. A 2023-05-04 01:41:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmnedict 5000079 Active (id: 2276680)
au
エーユー [spec1]
1. [company]
▶ au (mobile phone operator)



History:
3. A 2023-09-10 01:33:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-09-09 22:30:25 
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>au (Japanese mobile phone brand)</gloss>
+<gloss>au (mobile phone operator)</gloss>
1. A 2023-05-08 23:46:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmnedict 5000084 Active (id: 2280391)
mixi
ミクシィ [spec1]
1. [company]
▶ mixi (social networking service)



History:
8. A 2023-10-17 10:43:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.weblio.jp/content/ミクシィ
  Comments:
I'll correct it.
7. A* 2023-10-17 10:37:02  Opencooper
  Comments:
We also have this in jmdict with the reading 「ミクシ」.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>mixi (social networking sevice)</gloss>
+<gloss>mixi (social networking service)</gloss>
6. A 2023-09-10 11:47:10  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Then [company] is sufficient.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<misc>&serv;</misc>
-<gloss>mixi (social networking site)</gloss>
+<misc>&company;</misc>
+<gloss>mixi (social networking sevice)</gloss>
5. A* 2023-09-10 10:52:58 
  Comments:
"Shouldnt be both" - but it is...
4. A 2023-09-10 01:34:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Shouldn't be both.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<misc>&company;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmnedict 5742152 Active (id: 2276678)
GU
ジーユー [spec1]
1. [company]
▶ GU (clothing retailer)



History:
7. A 2023-09-10 01:32:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2023-09-09 22:32:23 
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>GU (Japanese clothing retailer)</gloss>
+<gloss>GU (clothing retailer)</gloss>
5. A 2023-06-09 09:27:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2023-06-09 07:54:34  Opencooper
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ジーユー
  Comments:
A bit more.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>GU (retailer)</gloss>
+<gloss>GU (Japanese clothing retailer)</gloss>
3. A 2023-05-08 23:48:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmnedict 5742445 Active (id: 2276721)
あふるる恩寵
あふるるおんちょう [spec1]
1. [work]
▶ Grace Abounding (autobiography by John Bunyan)



History:
6. A 2023-09-10 21:45:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://github.com/JMdictProject/JMdictIssues/issues/94
  Comments:
Not all of them. About 6,700 at present.
5. A* 2023-09-10 21:24:00 
  Comments:
Why does spec1 go on the reading in jmnedict?
4. A 2023-09-10 01:31:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-09-10 00:39:28 
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>Grace Abounding (John Bunyan, autobiography)</gloss>
+<gloss>Grace Abounding (autobiography by John Bunyan)</gloss>
2. A 2023-05-07 06:34:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
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jmnedict 5746460 Active (id: 2276712)
魂斗羅
コントラ [spec1]
1. [work]
▶ Contra (video game franchise)



History:
2. A 2023-09-10 20:44:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
1. A* 2023-09-10 19:12:29  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/魂斗羅シリーズ
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra_(series)

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────╮
│ 魂斗羅  │ 14,439 │
│ コントラ │ 35,941 │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────╯

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