JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1104240 Active (id: 2275952)

ヒレ [gai1] ；フィレ；フィレー [sk]

1.

[n] Source lang: fre "filet"
▶ fillet
▶ tenderloin

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2833781 ヒレ肉【ヒレにく】 1. fillet; tenderloin

History:

10.	A 2023-08-31 01:50:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2023-08-30 23:27:43 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding as Marcus suggested
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>フィレー</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
8.	A 2022-07-21 12:08:34 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ヒレ 1026409 91.2% フィレ 96293 8.6% フィレー 2325 0.2% hiddenForm
	Diff:	@@ -10,3 +9,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>フィレー</reb>
7.	A 2022-07-21 11:31:05 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK.
6.	A* 2022-07-21 09:51:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	In its own entry, I think.
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2022-07-21 08:35:49 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ヘレ is osb (ヘレ肉 is in daijr), do we want to give it its own entry or are we happy to stuff it in here (w or w/o a note on the osb)?
4.	A 2019-08-04 20:01:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2019-08-04 00:54:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	フィレ 96293 ヒレ 1026409 フィレー 2325 ヒレー 81
	Comments:	I doubt ヒレー is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>フィレー</reb> +</r_ele>
2.	A 2017-11-05 19:58:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-05 09:23:33 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_tenderloin http://official.niku- higasihara.co.jp/contents/chartBeef#beef1-8
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>tenderloin</gloss>

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jmdict 1119910 Active (id: 2275963)

ベビーベッド；ベビー・ベッド

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "baby bed"
▶ cot
▶ bassinet
▶ crib

History:

3.	A 2023-08-31 02:50:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-08-31 02:04:30 Opencooper
	Refs:	bassinet 347,870 basinette 3,026 bassinette 15,664
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>basinette</gloss> +<gloss>bassinet</gloss>
1.	A 2013-05-11 10:55:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ベビー・ベッド</reb>

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jmdict 1174940 Active (id: 2275984)
鋭敏 [spec2,news2,nf35]
【えいびん [spec2,news2,nf35] 】

1.

[adj-na,n]
▶ sharp (eyes, ears, etc.)
▶ keen
▶ acute
▶ sensitive

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2834611 穎敏【えいびん】 1. sharp (mind); keen; acute

2.

[adj-na,n]
▶ sharp-witted
▶ shrewd
▶ clever
▶ astute
▶ acute

History:

6.	A 2023-08-31 18:16:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog luminous: (五感で感じるのが敏感な) sensitive
	Comments:	I think it's fine. "sensitive hearing", etc.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>sharp</gloss> +<gloss>sharp (eyes, ears, etc.)</gloss> @@ -22,0 +23,9 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>sharp-witted</gloss> +<gloss>shrewd</gloss> +<gloss>clever</gloss> +<gloss>astute</gloss> +<gloss>acute</gloss>
5.	A* 2023-08-31 16:59:21 Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.nims.go.jp/news/press/2012/03/p201203190.html
	Comments:	I try doing a search and found this sentence in the link above: さらに、鉄系超電導体の超電導特性は結晶組成に鋭敏である問題もあった。 - it should mean "sensitive" there, right?
4.	A* 2023-08-31 12:44:13
	Comments:	isn't that a translation that's only applicable to 鋭敏な反応?
3.	A* 2023-08-31 10:30:40 Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	犬はわずかなにおいにも鋭敏に反応する.　Dogs are extremely sensitive to even a weak smell. 鋭敏な反応　an extremely sensitive [a hair-trigger] reaction
	Comments:	sensitive meaning from kenkyusha, reference sentences above.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>sensitive</gloss>
2.	A 2018-02-09 22:43:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2018-02-09 15:09:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	JEs only have adjective glosses. Most refs split into two senses but I'm not sure it's necessary. The same glosses apply to both.
	Diff:	@@ -19,4 +19,3 @@ -<gloss>sharpness</gloss> -<gloss>keenness</gloss> -<gloss>sensitiveness</gloss> -<gloss>mental acumen</gloss> +<gloss>sharp</gloss> +<gloss>keen</gloss> +<gloss>acute</gloss>

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jmdict 1183280 Active (id: 2283318)
恩返し [ichi1,news1,nf19] ；恩がえし [sK]
【おんがえし [ichi1,news1,nf19] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ paying back a favour
▶ repayment (of an obligation, kindness, etc.)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-11-14 04:47:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	A bit archaic.
5.	A* 2023-11-14 02:04:11
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<gloss>requital of a favour</gloss> +<gloss>paying back a favour</gloss>
4.	A 2023-08-31 15:39:05 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Doesn't help with reverse lookups.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<gloss>requital of a favour (favor)</gloss> +<gloss>requital of a favour</gloss>
3.	A 2023-08-30 21:07:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-08-30 20:11:31 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 恩返し　　 │ 461,608 │ 94.9% │ │ 恩がえし　 │ 4,308 │ 0.9% │ - add, sK │ おんがえし │ 20,586 │ 4.2% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>恩がえし</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2021-11-17 22:57:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1203850 Active (id: 2275950)
外人 [ichi1,news1,nf18]
【がいじん [ichi1,news1,nf18] ；ガイジン [sk] 】

1.

[n] [sens]
▶ foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry)
▶ gaijin

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1203650 外国人 1. foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
	⇐ see: 2722100 害人【がいじん】 1. foreigner; gaijin

2.

[n] [arch]
《orig. meaning》
▶ outsider

History:

11.	A 2023-08-31 01:49:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2023-08-30 23:37:28 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hiding ガイジン as suggested by Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
9.	A 2022-07-20 12:34:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ほかびと 0
8.	A* 2022-07-20 11:17:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Only koj links to 邦人. I don't think that x-ref is helpful. ほかびと isn't in daijs or koj. I don't think it's worth keeping, especially if it introduces restr tags.
	Diff:	@@ -17,4 +16,0 @@ -<reb>ほかびと</reb> -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -25,2 +20,0 @@ -<stagr>がいじん</stagr> -<stagr>ガイジン</stagr> @@ -28 +22 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1518250">邦人・ほうじん・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1203650">外国人</xref>
7.	A 2022-07-19 03:54:16 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	外人 1427504 93.8% ガイジン 94167 6.2% hiddenForm
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26 @@ +<stagr>ガイジン</stagr>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2016-07-21 05:12:10 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-07-21 02:24:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ガイジン 94167
	Comments:	Worth recording.
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ガイジン</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele>
4.	A 2012-08-22 03:43:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-08-22 03:37:32 Marcus
	Refs:	nikk
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ほかびと</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +</r_ele> @@ -17,0 +21,1 @@ +<stagr>がいじん</stagr>
2.	A 2012-06-12 06:02:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-06-09 08:26:09 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, OED, gg5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaijin#Usage http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/外人
	Comments:	"gaijin"'s in the dictionary
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1518250">邦人・ほうじん・1</xref> @@ -19,1 +20,8 @@ -<gloss>foreigner</gloss> +<gloss>foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry)</gloss> +<gloss>gaijin</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf> +<gloss>outsider</gloss>

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jmdict 1221400 Active (id: 2275959)
帰趨；帰趣 [rK] ；帰すう [sK]
【きすう (帰趨)；きしゅ】

1.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ outcome (of a course of events) ▶ consequence
2.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ tendency ▶ trend ▶ drift

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2023-08-31 02:00:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2023-08-30 23:35:58 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hiding 帰すう as suggested by Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8,2 @@ -<keb>帰すう</keb> +<keb>帰趣</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,2 +12,2 @@ -<keb>帰趣</keb> -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<keb>帰すう</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -17 +17,0 @@ -<re_restr>帰すう</re_restr> @@ -21,2 +20,0 @@ -<re_restr>帰趨</re_restr> -<re_restr>帰趣</re_restr>
10.	A 2022-07-15 07:17:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	中辞典: tendency; trend
	Comments:	I think it's OK.
9.	A* 2022-07-15 06:21:40 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk (single sense, our sense 1) 帰趨 29358 95.4% 帰趣 368 1.2% 帰すう 1040 3.4% hiddenForm
	Comments:	actually not seeing "tendency, trend, drift" in kokugos etc. is it correct?
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>帰趣</keb> +<keb>帰すう</keb> @@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<keb>帰すう</keb> +<keb>帰趣</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -24,0 +26,2 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -30,0 +34 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
8.	A 2017-11-02 03:43:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	thanks
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2017-11-01 19:43:05
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,2 @@ +<re_restr>帰趨</re_restr> +<re_restr>帰趣</re_restr>
6.	A 2017-10-31 10:14:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2017-10-26 20:53:17 Nikolai Vavilov <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	MS IME
	Comments:	The uncommon kanji is frequently replaced with hiragana.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>帰すう</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -12,0 +16 @@ +<re_restr>帰すう</re_restr>
4.	A 2015-08-14 12:50:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2015-08-14 02:54:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	no ref is forthcoming for that sense. merging
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>帰趣</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,4 @@ +<re_restr>帰趨</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>きしゅ</reb> @@ -22,4 +28,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>(legal) disposition</gloss> -</sense>
2.	A* 2015-08-01 02:13:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, Daijr, GG5, 中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	Only the 中辞典 mentions a tendency/trend meaning. No sign of "(legal) disposition". Any reference? Also both Koj and Daijr have an entry for 帰趣/帰趨/きしゅ which they say means the same as this one, opening up a potential merge. We have an old entry for just 帰趣/きしゅ meaning "direction", which doesn't really fit. Any views on this? I am doubting that entry.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,5 @@ +<gloss>outcome (of a course of events)</gloss> +<gloss>consequence</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -17,0 +23 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos>
1.	A* 2015-07-30 22:11:27 Keith Krulak <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,3 @@ +<sense> +<gloss>(legal) disposition</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1233270 Active (id: 2275968)
享持
【きょうじ】

1.

[n,vs,vt] [rare]
▶ securing
▶ possession
▶ enjoyment (of rights, benefits, etc.)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1233310 享有 1. possession (of a right, talent, etc.); enjoyment

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 04:51:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, in the major kokugos but very rare.
1.	A* 2023-08-30 15:16:21 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs: 権利や利益を受け、保持すること。享有。
	Comments:	Extremely rare. Old gloss looks like a translation of daijs or nikk that squeezed the direct object into the gloss. (sparse) Book results show [vs,vt]. 0 ngrams, 0 news. Exists in chinese (hence many google hits). Small number of book results, including several copies with the same passage. Some book results: Many copies(famous text?): だが、妻は、啄木の分身でもなければ、私有物でもない、一つの人格である。「家」を享持し、そこで何が... (secure/enjoy his "home"? ) 自由を実質的に享持している (secure/enjoy freedom) 限りのない自由を享持しうる (secure/enjoy freedom) ...タタミの世界だった利便性を享持していかなけれいるメーカー... 戦闘的人生を享持して、 (enjoy a life of combat?)
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,7 @@ -<gloss>securing rights and profits</gloss> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1233310">享有</xref> +<misc>&rare;</misc> +<gloss>securing</gloss> +<gloss>possession</gloss> +<gloss>enjoyment (of rights, benefits, etc.)</gloss>

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jmdict 1241470 Active (id: 2276033)
禁じる [ichi1,news1,nf18]
【きんじる [ichi1,news1,nf18] 】

1.

[v1,vt]
▶ to forbid
▶ to ban
▶ to prohibit

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1241480 禁ずる【きんずる】 1. to forbid; to ban; to prohibit

2.

[v1,vt]
《usu. as 禁じ得ない》
▶ to suppress (a feeling, laughter, etc.)
▶ to hold back (e.g. tears)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2112260 禁じ得ない 1. cannot help (laughing, feeling sympathy, etc.); cannot hold back (tears, anger, etc.); cannot suppress

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2023-09-01 13:16:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23,8 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2112260">禁じ得ない</xref> +<s_inf>usu. as 禁じ得ない</s_inf> +<gloss>to suppress (a feeling, laughter, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to hold back (e.g. tears)</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2023-08-31 15:34:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Most of the JEs lead with "forbid".
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19,2 @@ +<gloss>to forbid</gloss> +<gloss>to ban</gloss> @@ -20,2 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>to ban</gloss> -<gloss>to forbid</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-08-31 13:25:09 dom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wisdom, 研究社新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,2 @@ +<gloss>to ban</gloss> +<gloss>to forbid</gloss>

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jmdict 1241480 Active (id: 2276022)
禁ずる [ichi1,news2,nf33]
【きんずる [ichi1,news2,nf33] 】

1.

[vz,vt]
▶ to forbid
▶ to ban
▶ to prohibit

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1241470 禁じる 1. to forbid; to ban; to prohibit
	⇐ see: 2140110 禁ず【きんず】 1. to forbid; to ban; to prohibit

2.

[vz,vt]
《usu. as 禁じ得ない》
▶ to suppress (a feeling, laughter, etc.)
▶ to hold back (e.g. tears)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2112260 禁じ得ない 1. cannot help (laughing, feeling sympathy, etc.); cannot hold back (tears, anger, etc.); cannot suppress

History:

4.	A 2023-09-01 12:20:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-08-31 23:54:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daijs, meikyo
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21,10 @@ -<gloss>to suppress</gloss> +<gloss>to ban</gloss> +<gloss>to prohibit</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&vz;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2112260">禁じ得ない</xref> +<s_inf>usu. as 禁じ得ない</s_inf> +<gloss>to suppress (a feeling, laughter, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to hold back (e.g. tears)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-07-29 03:19:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-07-28 13:18:35 Jean-Luc Léger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1241470">禁じる</xref>

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jmdict 1267480 Active (id: 2275953)
股関節；股間節 [sK]
【こかんせつ】

1.

[n] {anatomy}
▶ hip joint
▶ coxa

History:

3.	A 2023-08-31 01:51:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-08-30 23:29:59 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>股間節</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1.	A 2022-07-16 11:55:14 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	股関節 516233 99.3% 股間節 3567 0.7% hiddenForm
	Diff:	@@ -6,4 +5,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>股間節</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +12 @@ +<field>&anat;</field>

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jmdict 1336820 Active (id: 2276098)
重要 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
【じゅうよう [ichi1,news1,nf01] 】

1.

[adj-na]
▶ important
▶ essential
▶ significant
▶ major
▶ key
▶ principal

History:

4.	A 2023-09-02 01:29:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/Editorial_policy#Part-Of-Speech_(POS)_Issues
	Comments:	Thanks. I've tweaked the editorial policy to reflect this.
3.	A* 2023-08-31 01:43:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, luminous, wisdom 重要を 1,532 2.8% 重要さを 52,991 97.2% --- の重要が 584 5.5% の重要さが 10,018 94.5%
	Comments:	In meikyo it's 形動 only. We sometimes drop "n" if one or more of the kokugos has the word as 形動 only and its use as a noun is rare. I think it's OK to do here.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>momentous</gloss> @@ -20,0 +20,3 @@ +<gloss>significant</gloss> +<gloss>major</gloss> +<gloss>key</gloss> @@ -22 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>major</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-08-29 23:34:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	重要 29761919 重要な 11874488 重要が 3377 重要さ 112721 Daijr: （名・形動）[文]ナリ Daijs: ［名・形動］
	Comments:	Although this is almost invariably an adjective, the kokugos (as usual) label it as a noun as well. That's part of the reason we have stuck with "adj-na,n". I wouldn't really mind dropping the "n" in these cases but I'd like it to be generally agreed among editors and contributors that walking away from the "名・形動" is the best path.
1.	A* 2023-08-29 21:12:31 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See for example, 完ぺき [adj-n] and 完ぺきさ[n] The noun is 重要さ, right? 重要さ 112721 sankoku:形動ダ
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos>

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jmdict 1360770 Active (id: 2275998)
心臓 [ichi1,news1,nf04]
【しんぞう [ichi1,news1,nf04] 】

1.

[n] {anatomy}
▶ heart

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1595125 心【しん】 4. heart (organ)
	⇐ see: 2844202 心の臓【しんのぞう】 1. heart

2.

[n]
▶ guts
▶ nerve
▶ cheek
▶ gall
▶ spine

3.

[n]
▶ heart (of something)
▶ central part

History:

6.	A 2023-08-31 23:43:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Done. Will happen next update (in a couple of hours.)
5.	A* 2023-08-31 23:27:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Jim, the audio clip for this is incorrect. Could you disconnect it (without giving the entry a new sequence no.)?
4.	A 2022-01-20 11:04:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -24 +22,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -33 +31 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>heart (of something)</gloss>
3.	A 2013-12-25 01:01:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	->anat
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19,2 @@ -<gloss>heart (organ)</gloss> +<field>&anat;</field> +<gloss>heart</gloss>
2.	A* 2013-12-16 02:16:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, ルミナス, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -20,0 +21,14 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>guts</gloss> +<gloss>nerve</gloss> +<gloss>cheek</gloss> +<gloss>gall</gloss> +<gloss>spine</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>central part</gloss> +</sense>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-12-15 13:14:10 Chris Vasselli <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Seems worth calling out that this is the literal organ, as opposed to 心 which is more often used in a more metaphorical sense.
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,1 @@ -<gloss>heart</gloss> +<gloss>heart (organ)</gloss>

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jmdict 1370030 Active (id: 2275983)
甚句 [news2,nf43]
【じんく [news2,nf43] 】

1.

[n]
▶ jinku
▶ [expl] lively Japanese folk song or dance tune

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2023060 相撲甚句【すもうじんく】 1. sumo-themed song; song sung at sumo events

History:

4.	A 2023-08-31 17:09:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We try to avoid "type of" glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">type of lively folk song or dance tune</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">lively Japanese folk song or dance tune</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-08-30 21:24:31 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting explanation into an [expl] gloss
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>jinku (type of lively folk song or dance tune)</gloss> +<gloss>jinku</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">type of lively folk song or dance tune</gloss>
2.	A 2023-08-30 12:03:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: a lively folk song; a lively dance (tune). ルミナス: jinku; (説明的には) a kind of Japanese lively folk song.
	Comments:	Not a fan of "jinku" as a leading gloss but ルミナス has it, as do most Reverso matches.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>jinku (type of traditional Japanese folk song, usu. following a 7-7-7-5 structure)</gloss> +<gloss>jinku (type of lively folk song or dance tune)</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-08-30 02:52:13 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	甚句 31124 相撲甚句 11228 https://www.japanesewiki.com/culture/Jinku.html The characteristic of the Jinku song is that the syllabic structure of 7-7-7-5 forms one chorus. Various lyrics were composed. Some of them are set in the 5-7-7-7-5 structure. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/甚句 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinku lit. "excessive verse" or "lively song") is a form of traditional and folkloric Japanese songs. The actual form of jinku songs probably appeared in the Edo period. Jinku is a vocal performance using verses. These songs often depicts qualities of character, love stories, worklife, or comedic situations. Like the dodoitsu genre, jinku uses lyrics constituted by one chorus of 7, 7, 7, 5. Each song can be divided in 6 parts.:[1] https://thehiddenjapan.com/sakata-jinku-nagashi-dance-festival/ Sumo version: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/相撲甚句 daijs: 民謡の一。多く七・七・七・五の4句形式で、節は地方によって異なる。江戸末期から流行。越後甚句・米山よねやま甚句・名古屋甚句・博多甚句・相撲甚句など。「地じの句」「神供じんく」の意からとも、また、越後国の甚九という人名からともいうが未詳。
	Comments:	The previous [lit] gloss is etymological, and not otherwise used with this meaning (see daijs, nikk, etc.) kotobank includes encyclopedic entries on this subject. You can listen to these on youtube. Performed at festivals. And there is a subgenre sung by Sumo wrestlers called... sumo-jinku. Sumo Singing - Jinku (Sumo Folk Songs) at Hono Ozumo Yasukuni Shrine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vh_-63hFdEE It's not that I think "jinku" is a particularly useful gloss, so much as wanting something to anchor this on. It seems impractical to give an adequate definition (vs. tamagozake, which is pretty simple). "Jinku" may be accompanied by dance, but this seems unimportant to mention.
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16 @@ -<gloss>lively song</gloss> -<gloss>lively dance</gloss> +<gloss>jinku (type of traditional Japanese folk song, usu. following a 7-7-7-5 structure)</gloss>

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jmdict 1373130 Active (id: 2275942)
数多；許多 [rK]
【あまた】

1.

[adj-no,adv,n] [uk,form]
▶ many
▶ a lot of
▶ a great number of
▶ numerous

History:

12.	A 2023-08-31 00:09:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2023-08-31 00:08:09 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	sankoku 8: ややかたいことば iwakoku 8: 文語的 shinsen kokugo 10: 文章語
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<misc>&form;</misc>
10.	A 2022-10-07 00:24:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Too common to be [dated]. I can't see a case for [form].
	Diff:	@@ -13,4 +12,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>すうた</reb> -<re_restr>数多</re_restr>
9.	A* 2022-10-06 17:26:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	shinmeikai and meikyo also describe あまた as 「古風」. Would [dated] be appropriate here? It doesn't seem to be an uncommon term. Maybe [form]?
8.	A* 2022-10-06 12:29:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj, gg5
	Comments:	すうた isn't adverbial. Also, shinmeikai describes it as a "古風な表現". I'll split it out.
	Diff:	@@ -24,3 +24,3 @@ -<gloss>a lot</gloss> -<gloss>much</gloss> -<gloss>multitude</gloss> +<gloss>a lot of</gloss> +<gloss>a great number of</gloss> +<gloss>numerous</gloss>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A 2022-10-06 00:04:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2022-10-05 23:31:13 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 数多　 │ 171,189 │ 48.9% │ │ 許多　 │ 1,951 │ 0.6% │ 🡠 adding (daijr, meikyo) │ あまた │ 176,278 │ 50.4% │ │ すうた │ 429 │ 0.1% │ ╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>許多</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +16 @@ +<re_restr>数多</re_restr>
5.	A 2021-06-17 07:24:20 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	lots of false hits in the ngrams for 数多_く_ 数多を 379 あまたを 459 数多を照らす 79 あまたを照らす No matches
4.	A 2017-07-17 01:00:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The n-grams I was quoting were the much more comprehensive Google ones (also off-line at present.)
3.	A* 2017-07-11 21:59:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Doesn't appear to be [uk] based on Googits and luke's n-gram figures.
2.	A 2015-06-23 10:19:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
1.	A* 2015-06-23 09:43:33 luce
	Refs:	n-grams 数多な 32 あまたな 82 数多の 3658 あまたの 2570
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>

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jmdict 1389410 Active (id: 2275940)
占い [ichi1,news1,nf17] ；卜い [rK] ；占 [sK] ；卜 [sK]
【うらない [ichi1,news1,nf17] 】

1.

[n]
▶ fortune-telling
▶ divination

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1389415 卜【うら】 1. fortune-telling; divination
	⇐ see: 2275610 占屋算【うらやさん】 1. divination (esp. one carried out with divination rods or sticks)

2.

[n]
▶ fortune-teller
▶ diviner

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1588460 占い師 1. diviner; fortune teller; soothsayer

History:

3.	A 2023-08-31 00:07:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wisdom: 占いに見てもらう consult [see] a fortuneteller.
	Comments:	Sense 2 is in all the kokugos and JEs (not always as a separate sense). I don't think it's rare. Wisdom even has an example. 卜い is in meikyo. 卜 is in koj.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@ +<keb>卜い</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -16,4 +19,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>卜い</keb> @@ -36 +35,0 @@ -<misc>&rare;</misc>
2.	A 2023-08-30 08:50:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 - has a second 占いをする人 sense.
1.	A* 2023-08-23 16:13:45 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Old orthography うらなひ https://furigana.info/r/うらなひ占 40.0% 卜者 6.7% 卜 6.7% 卜筮 6.7% 占卜 6.7% 占考 6.7% 占術 6.7% 易占 6.7% 易断 6.7% 賣卜 6.7% うらない https://furigana.info/r/うらない占 20.3% 卜 15.6% 売卜 7.8% Point to the obvious xref: (probably actually [abbr], but sankoku does not say so) 占い師 1701994 占者 8292 占い者 903
	Comments:	I don't see any kokugos that list anything besides 占い. But we already had "卜" alone, and looking at furigana.info 占 can appear without い in much the same way. sanoku gives a reading [2] that isn't even in daijs. It's unambiguous: 2) うらなう人。占い師。占い者。 The only sankoku orthography is 占い（ウラナヒ）. No reason to believe this isn't a rare usage. Note that 卜者 sometimes gets that furigana うらない.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@ +<keb>占</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -11,0 +16,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>卜い</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -23,0 +33,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1588460">占い師</xref> +<misc>&rare;</misc> +<gloss>fortune-teller</gloss> +<gloss>diviner</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1432610 Active (id: 2275994)
追悼 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
【ついとう [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ mourning

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2023-08-31 23:33:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's adj-no according to how we currently use the tag. Mostly "... of mourning" usage. It translates as "memorial" in certain expressions (e.g. 追悼の辞) but the word itself still means "mourning". I'll create an entry for 追悼の辞.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
7.	A* 2023-08-31 04:59:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	追悼 792837 追悼の 151017
	Comments:	Possibly a second sense? It usually means memorial when used prenominally.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
6.	A 2022-08-13 20:34:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mourning: The expression of sorrow for someone's death.
	Comments:	I don't think the parenthesised part adds anything. "memorial" isn't right. It only works as a translation for some 追悼の〜 expressions.
	Diff:	@@ -20,2 +20 @@ -<gloss>mourning (a dead person)</gloss> -<gloss>memorial</gloss> +<gloss>mourning</gloss>
5.	A* 2022-08-13 12:50:25
	Diff:	@@ -20,2 +20 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>mourning (dead persons)</gloss> +<gloss>mourning (a dead person)</gloss>
4.	A 2022-01-22 01:32:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Correct POS order -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -20 +20,0 @@ -<pos>&vt;</pos>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2021-11-18 01:15:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A 2012-03-13 07:27:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-03-11 05:47:45 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj 新解さん
	Comments:	Specify for dead people (not general sadness)
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,1 @@ -<gloss>mourning</gloss> +<gloss>mourning (dead persons)</gloss>

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jmdict 1440800 Active (id: 2275976)
店舗 [ichi1,news1,nf04] ；店鋪 [rK]
【てんぽ [ichi1,news1,nf04] 】

1.

[n]
▶ shop
▶ store
▶ establishment
▶ restaurant

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 15:37:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	店舗 43,562,588 99.7% 店鋪 151,419 0.3%
	Comments:	I'll align お店.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
1.	A* 2023-08-31 01:08:13 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://ssl.tabelog.com/owner_account/login/ (店舗 is used for restaurants, too)
	Comments:	Aligning with 店. お店 probably needs aligning too.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23,2 @@ +<gloss>establishment</gloss> +<gloss>restaurant</gloss>

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jmdict 1454280 Active (id: 2275987)
道連れ [news2,nf35] ；道ずれ [ik] ；道づれ [sK]
【みちづれ [news2,nf35] ；みちずれ [sk] 】

1.

[n]
▶ fellow traveler
▶ fellow traveller
▶ travelling companion

2.

[n]
▶ taking someone along unwillingly (e.g. in death)
▶ forcing to take part

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2202050 道連れにする 1. to force (someone) to take part; to take along unwillingly

History:

11.	A 2023-08-31 21:11:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think so.
10.	A* 2023-08-31 15:42:38 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Since づ and ず are pronounced the same way, can we do this?
	Diff:	@@ -10,3 +9,0 @@ -<keb>道づれ</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> @@ -15,0 +13,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>道づれ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -18,2 +18,0 @@ -<re_restr>道連れ</re_restr> -<re_restr>道づれ</re_restr> @@ -25,3 +24 @@ -<re_restr>道連れ</re_restr> -<re_restr>道ずれ</re_restr> -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
9.	A* 2023-08-30 23:18:36 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Meikyo: 「道ずれ」と書くのは誤り。 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 道連れ　　　　 │ 164,786 │ 77.5% │ │ 道づれ　　　　 │ 20,476 │ 9.6% │ │ 道ずれ　　　　 │ 10,328 │ 4.9% │ - add, ik │ みちづれ　　　 │ 14,831 │ 7.0% │ │ みちずれ　　　 │ 2,160 │ 1.0% │ - add, ik ├─ーーーーーーー─┼─────────┼───────┤ │ 道連れにする　 │ 7,615 │ 89.4% │ │ 道づれにする　 │ 384 │ 4.5% │ │ 道ずれにする　 │ 496 │ 5.8% │ │ みちづれにする │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ みちずれにする │ 27 │ 0.3% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>道ずれ</keb> +<ke_inf>&ik;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -13,0 +18,2 @@ +<re_restr>道連れ</re_restr> +<re_restr>道づれ</re_restr> @@ -15,0 +22,6 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>みちずれ</reb> +<re_restr>道連れ</re_restr> +<re_restr>道ずれ</re_restr> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
8.	A 2020-10-08 21:56:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Curious bug that one.
7.	A* 2020-10-08 19:16:17 Opencooper
	Comments:	I didn't touch the x-ref...
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2202050">道連れにする</xref>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2020-10-08 11:07:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-10-08 01:41:25 Opencooper
	Refs:	luminous; prog; gg5; Tanaka corpus
	Comments:	All have example sentences about dying with someone.
	Diff:	@@ -26,2 +26 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2202050">道連れにする</xref> -<gloss>taking someone along unwillingly</gloss> +<gloss>taking someone along unwillingly (e.g. in death)</gloss>
4.	A 2020-09-11 06:59:36 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ngrams 道連れ 164786 道づれ 20476
	Comments:	Thank you for the suggestion, Tyler.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>道づれ</keb>
3.	A* 2020-09-11 06:41:29 Tyler Winn <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ゼルダの伝説時のオカリナ「ガノンドロフは最後の力で、私たちを道づれにするつもりです！急いで　脱出しないと」
	Comments:	Could someone add 道づれ as an alternate form? Thanks!
2.	A 2017-05-05 02:23:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-05-04 16:53:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr sense 2: "むりに一緒の行動をとらせること".
	Comments:	The refs have こと (not 人) for sense 2.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>travelling companion</gloss> @@ -22,2 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>someone unwillingly made to take part</gloss> -<gloss>being made to take part in something</gloss> +<gloss>taking someone along unwillingly</gloss> +<gloss>forcing to take part</gloss>

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jmdict 1471510 Active (id: 2275951)
ババ抜き；ばば抜き；婆抜き [rK]
【ばばぬき；ババぬき [sk] 】

1.

[n] {card games}
▶ old maid (game)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1471500 婆【ばば】 2. joker (in old maid)

2.

[n] [sl]
▶ living without one's mother-in-law

History:

5.	A 2023-08-31 01:50:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2023-08-30 23:41:51 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding ババぬき as suggested by Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ババぬき</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3.	A 2022-07-22 05:32:17 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ババ抜き 30022 62.5% ばば抜き 3547 7.4% 婆抜き 708 1.5% (gg5 daijr) ババぬき 6215 12.9% maybe worth including as hiddenForm ばばぬき 7526 15.7%
	Comments:	simplifying
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,4 +14,0 @@ -<reb>ババぬき</reb> -<re_restr>ババ抜き</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -19,2 +15,0 @@ -<re_restr>ばば抜き</re_restr> -<re_restr>婆抜き</re_restr> @@ -24 +19,2 @@ -<gloss>old maid (card game)</gloss> +<field>&cards;</field> +<gloss>old maid (game)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-21 00:27:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-19 08:40:54 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, prog http://zokugo-dict.com/02i/ietukicartuki.htm
	Comments:	Daijs also has another sense which daijr and prog don't. I assume the second sense comes from the zokugo-dict ref above; it seems reasonable to me to include it here.
	Diff:	@@ -24,1 +24,5 @@ -<gloss>old maid</gloss> +<gloss>old maid (card game)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&sl;</misc>

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jmdict 1500840 Active (id: 2275956)
復讐 [ichi1,news2,nf29] ；復讎 [sK] ；復しゅう [sK]
【ふくしゅう [ichi1,news2,nf29] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ revenge

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2023-08-31 01:56:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Only nikk and smk have 復讎. I think it can be hidden.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A* 2023-08-30 23:24:40 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hiding 復しゅう
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<keb>復しゅう</keb> +<keb>復讎</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,2 +15,2 @@ -<keb>復讎</keb> -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<keb>復しゅう</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2022-07-21 12:21:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2022-07-21 10:24:35 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	復讐 1200292 99.0% 復しゅう 11115 0.9% hiddenForm 復讎 631 0.1% nikk - not oK, is it?
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
1.	A 2021-11-18 01:22:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1550410 Active (id: 2275997)
裏側 [news1,nf11] ；ウラ側 [sK] ；うら側 [sK] ；裏がわ [sK]
【うらがわ [news1,nf11] 】

1.

[n]
▶ the reverse (side)
▶ back (side)
▶ other side
▶ hidden side
▶ behind the scenes

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2796850 裏っかわ【うらっかわ】 1. the reverse (side); back (side); other side; hidden side; behind the scenes
	⇐ see: 2842284 後ろ側【うしろがわ】 1. back (side); back end; rear

History:

4.	A 2023-08-31 23:36:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-08-31 23:25:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daijr
	Comments:	I don't think "lining" is right.
	Diff:	@@ -28,2 +28,2 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>the reverse</gloss> +<gloss>the reverse (side)</gloss> +<gloss>back (side)</gloss> @@ -31 +31,2 @@ -<gloss>lining</gloss> +<gloss>hidden side</gloss> +<gloss>behind the scenes</gloss>
2.	A 2023-08-30 21:04:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-08-30 19:52:47 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	〈裏／うら／ウラ〉〈側／がわ／ガワ〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 裏側　　 │ 2,220,171 │ 98.5% │ │ ウラ側　 │ 17,447 │ 0.8% │ - add, sK │ うら側　 │ 2,308 │ 0.1% │ - add, sK │ 裏がわ　 │ 1,890 │ 0.1% │ - add, sK │ 裏ガワ　 │ 76 │ 0.0% │ │ うらがわ │ 8,756 │ 0.4% │ │ ウラガワ │ 2,339 │ 0.1% │ │ ウラがわ │ 101 │ 0.0% │ │ うらガワ │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,12 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ウラ側</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>うら側</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>裏がわ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1567300 Active (id: 2275955)
拿捕；拏捕 [rK] ；だ捕 [sK]
【だほ】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ capture (esp. of a foreign vessel)
▶ seizure

Conjugations

History:

10.	A 2023-08-31 01:53:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2023-08-30 23:32:33 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hiding だ捕 as suggested by Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8,2 @@ -<keb>だ捕</keb> +<keb>拏捕</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,2 +12,2 @@ -<keb>拏捕</keb> -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<keb>だ捕</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
8.	A 2022-07-17 02:06:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2022-07-16 15:39:50 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree with Marcus.
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21 @@ -<gloss>capture</gloss> +<gloss>capture (esp. of a foreign vessel)</gloss> @@ -23,8 +22,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<pos>&vt;</pos> -<field>&law;</field> -<gloss>military capture of a foreign vessel</gloss> -<gloss>making a prize of</gloss>
6.	A 2022-07-15 07:24:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2022-07-15 06:36:57 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	拿捕 76948 95.0% だ捕 4031 5.0% hiddenForm 拏捕 0 0.0% daijs
	Comments:	I don't think this should be 2 senses.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -18,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -24,0 +27 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
4.	A 2012-04-30 22:49:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-04-30 16:04:41 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr koj ja:WP (GG5 gives many ship examples) http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/拿捕
	Comments:	Add vessel sense – often used in this sense, and dicts often distinguish these. (Could say “capture (esp. foreign sailing vessel)”, but these seem a bit distinct.) Saw on TV re: vessel.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<field>&law;</field> +<gloss>military capture of a foreign vessel</gloss> +<gloss>making a prize of</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2011-05-16 02:49:12 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	itaiji
1.	A* 2011-05-16 02:15:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	JWN, http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/138601/m0u/
	Comments:	A few hits.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>拏捕</keb>

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jmdict 1587430 Active (id: 2284140)
一騎打ち [news1,nf15] ；一騎討ち；一騎打 [sK] ；一騎討 [sK]
【いっきうち [news1,nf15] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ single combat
▶ duel
▶ one-on-one fight

Conjugations

History:

10.	A 2023-11-22 23:39:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	More natural.
	Diff:	@@ -31 +31 @@ -<gloss>one-to-one fight</gloss> +<gloss>one-on-one fight</gloss>
9.	A 2023-11-21 09:32:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2023-11-21 09:28:04
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +30 @@ +<gloss>duel</gloss>
7.	A* 2023-11-21 07:38:27
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_combat
	Diff:	@@ -29 +29 @@ -<gloss>personal combat</gloss> +<gloss>single combat</gloss>
6.	A 2023-11-20 20:05:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2023-11-20 16:56:59 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 一騎打ち　　 │ 185,302 │ 98.4% │ │ 一騎打ちする │ 1,367 │ 0.7% │ │ 一騎打ちして │ 1,051 │ 0.6% │ │ 一騎打ちした │ 527 │ 0.3% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	〜する usage is a little uncommon, or at least it was in 2007. I think the tags are probably okay, but we've avoided them sometimes in the past when the refs were conflicted and usages were very rare (see: 感触・1212440).
4.	A* 2023-11-20 14:26:17
	Refs:	sankoku, obunsha
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +27,2 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
3.	A 2023-08-31 01:57:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-08-30 23:39:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>一騎打</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>一騎討</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1.	A 2022-07-11 01:17:40 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	一騎打ち 185302 85.7% 一騎打 1243 0.6% hiddenForm 一騎討 4056 1.9% hiddenForm 一騎討ち 25694 11.9%
	Comments:	not vs in meikyo, gg5, daijr
	Diff:	@@ -8,6 +7,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>一騎打</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>一騎討</keb> @@ -25 +18,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos>

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jmdict 1603820 Active (id: 2297186)
前もって [ichi1,news2,nf29] ；前以て [rK] ；前以って [sK]
【まえもって [ichi1,news2,nf29] 】

1.

[adv]
▶ in advance
▶ beforehand
▶ previously
▶ ahead of time

History:

6.	A 2024-04-07 00:35:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2024-04-06 23:32:32 dom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wisdom, 研究社新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +29 @@ +<gloss>ahead of time</gloss>
4.	A 2023-08-31 01:47:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-08-30 23:38:01 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>前以って</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2022-07-08 01:18:31 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	hiddenForm 前以って
	Diff:	@@ -13,4 +12,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>前以って</keb> -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2022-07-08 00:08:35 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 前もって　 │ 684,950 │ 97.9% │ │ 前以て　　 │ 7,219 │ 1.0% │ <- daijr/s, koj, etc. │ 前以って　 │ 2,265 │ 0.3% │ <- 以って is marked as [io] on our 以て entry │ まえもって │ 5,160 │ 0.7% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1613670 Active (id: 2275954)
横槍；横やり；横ヤリ [sK]
【よこやり】

1.

[n]
▶ interruption
▶ interference
▶ butting in

History:

5.	A 2023-08-31 01:52:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2023-08-30 23:31:44 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>横ヤリ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2022-07-15 13:17:49 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	横槍 64354 71.1% 横やり 21793 24.1% 横鑓 25 0.0% 横ヤリ 4353 4.8%　hiddenForm
2.	A 2016-12-10 11:27:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-12-09 16:58:14 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 横槍 64354 横やり 21793 よこやり 1624
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>横やり</keb>

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jmdict 1617150 Active (id: 2275960)
拾い読み；ひろい読み [sK] ；拾読み [sK]
【ひろいよみ】

1.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ reading only the important parts ▶ reading here and there ▶ skimming through ▶ browsing
2.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ reading word by word ▶ reading only the parts one can understand

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2023-08-31 02:00:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2023-08-30 23:33:38 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding hidden forms suggested by Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ひろい読み</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>拾読み</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
5.	A 2022-07-10 21:38:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-07-10 16:10:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, meikyo
	Comments:	This is what the kokugos have.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>reading (the parts one is interested in)</gloss> +<gloss>reading only the important parts</gloss>
3.	A 2022-07-09 08:44:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk 拾い読み 122423 92.8% 拾読み 1139 0.9% ひろい読み 8410 6.4% hiddenForm maybe
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -20,0 +22 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2018-08-19 05:31:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-08-18 15:37:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5, prog
	Comments:	Added sense.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>reading (the parts one is interested in)</gloss> @@ -13,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>skimming through</gloss> @@ -15 +17,6 @@ -<gloss>skimming through</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>reading word by word</gloss> +<gloss>reading only the parts one can understand</gloss>

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jmdict 1661390 Active (id: 2275988)
底辺 [news1,nf19] ；低辺 [sK]
【ていへん [news1,nf19] 】

1.	[n] {geometry} ▶ base (of a polygon)
2.	[n] ▶ bottom (of the social scale) ▶ lower levels ▶ lower classes
3.	[n] ▶ base (e.g. of support) ▶ foundation ▶ basis

History:

11.	A 2023-08-31 21:12:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2023-08-30 23:00:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	Putting [math] back to [geom].
	Diff:	@@ -20,3 +20,2 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<field>&math;</field> -<gloss>base (e.g. of a triangle)</gloss> +<field>&geom;</field> +<gloss>base (of a polygon)</gloss> @@ -26,5 +25,3 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>low class</gloss> -<gloss>low in social standing</gloss> -<gloss>low level</gloss> -<gloss>of poor reputation</gloss> +<gloss>bottom (of the social scale)</gloss> +<gloss>lower levels</gloss> +<gloss>lower classes</gloss>
9.	A 2023-08-30 21:06:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2023-08-30 19:46:11 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 底辺　　 │ 350,538 │ 99.9% │ │ 低辺　　 │ 526 │ 0.1% │ - iK to sK │ ていへん │ 2,850 │ N/A │ ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<stagk>底辺</stagk>
7.	A 2016-09-16 02:39:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2016-08-27 11:31:58 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm in favor of getting rid of the [geom] tag. There are only 16 entries that use it anyway. (Tried to post to the mailing list, but the mails bounce for some reason.)
5.	A* 2016-08-20 00:24:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, 中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	Discussion on geom vs math for tagging.
	Diff:	@@ -22,2 +22,2 @@ -<field>&geom;</field> -<gloss>base</gloss> +<field>&math;</field> +<gloss>base (e.g. of a triangle)</gloss> @@ -32,0 +33,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>base (e.g. of support)</gloss> +<gloss>foundation</gloss> +<gloss>basis</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2014-12-24 02:02:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2014-12-21 02:29:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -22,2 +22,2 @@ -<field>&math;</field> -<gloss>base (geometry)</gloss> +<field>&geom;</field> +<gloss>base</gloss>
2.	A 2012-06-28 11:46:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-06-28 09:46:05 Marcus
	Refs:	See entry 2725330
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>低辺</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -15,0 +19,1 @@ +<stagk>底辺</stagk> @@ -17,1 +22,10 @@ -<gloss>base (geometry, society)</gloss> +<field>&math;</field> +<gloss>base (geometry)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>low class</gloss> +<gloss>low in social standing</gloss> +<gloss>low level</gloss> +<gloss>of poor reputation</gloss>

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jmdict 1747690 Active (id: 2275969)
遠慮深い；遠慮ぶかい [sK]
【えんりょぶかい】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ reserved
▶ shy
▶ timid

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 04:52:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-08-31 03:50:58 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 遠慮深い　　　 │ 5,043 │ 98.0% │ │ 遠慮ぶかい　　 │ 83 │ 1.6% │ - add, sK (seen in the wild) │ えんりょぶかい │ 21 │ 0.4% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>遠慮ぶかい</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,0 +17,2 @@ +<gloss>shy</gloss> +<gloss>timid</gloss>

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jmdict 1759010 Active (id: 2275965)
底面
【ていめん】

1.	[n] ▶ bottom ▶ underside ▶ base
2.	[n] {geometry} ▶ base (of a polyhedron)

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 02:52:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-08-30 22:40:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij, koj
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&geom;</field> +<gloss>base (of a polyhedron)</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1764450 Active (id: 2275981)
盛りだくさん；盛り沢山；盛沢山 [sK] ；盛だくさん [sK]
【もりだくさん】

1.

[adj-na,adj-no,n]
▶ many
▶ plenty
▶ varied
▶ all sorts of
▶ colorful (program)
▶ crowded (schedule)
▶ full

History:

11.	A 2023-08-31 16:58:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -24,0 +26 @@ +<gloss>plenty</gloss> @@ -26,3 +28,4 @@ -<gloss>all sorts</gloss> -<gloss>crowded</gloss> -<gloss>large (e.g. helping)</gloss> +<gloss>all sorts of</gloss> +<gloss>colorful (program)</gloss> +<gloss>crowded (schedule)</gloss> +<gloss>full</gloss>
10.	A* 2023-08-30 23:30:51 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>盛だくさん</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
9.	A 2022-07-15 04:09:04 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	盛りだくさん 2433618 76.4% 盛り沢山 567036 17.8% 盛沢山 17388 0.5%　daijr 盛だくさん 5427 0.2% hiddenForm もりだくさん 161859 5.1%
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>盛沢山</keb>
8.	A 2017-07-23 22:59:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not really another sense.
	Diff:	@@ -21,6 +21 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>a large helping</gloss> +<gloss>large (e.g. helping)</gloss>
7.	A* 2017-07-21 21:08:59 Amen Lernsky <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	eij
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>a large helping</gloss> +</sense>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2014-09-11 01:42:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2014-09-11 00:57:51 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, ngrams
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>盛り沢山</keb> +<keb>盛りだくさん</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>盛りだくさん</keb> +<keb>盛り沢山</keb> @@ -14,0 +15,2 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos>
4.	A 2013-12-18 21:46:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't.
3.	A* 2013-12-18 05:29:44
	Comments:	Does anyone agree that a good translation/definition for this is "bonanza"?
2.	A 2013-12-17 02:20:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The fix I put in for the problem Hendrik reported for 便り has fixed this one too.
1.	A* 2013-12-17 01:12:30 Hendrik
	Comments:	Looks like "text Glossing" needs some tweaking to account for this gloss - currently a text like 楽しめる内容盛りだくさんです yields this result: 楽しめる【たのしめる】 (v1) to be able to enjoy; ED 内容【ないよう】 (n) subject; contents; matter; substance; detail; import; (P); ED Possible inflected verb or adjective: (masu stem) 盛る【もる】 (v5r,vi) (1) to serve (food, etc.); (2) to fill up; (3) to prescribe; (P); 【さかる】 ; (v5r,vi) (1) to prosper; to flourish; (2) to copulate (animals); ED んです (exp) the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; it is that ...; KD

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jmdict 1805520 Active (id: 2276018)
品定め [news2,nf40]
【しなさだめ [news2,nf40] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ evaluation
▶ appraisal
▶ assessment
▶ judgement
▶ estimation
▶ criticism
▶ commenting on

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2023-09-01 11:25:09 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, luminous
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19,4 @@ +<gloss>appraisal</gloss> +<gloss>assessment</gloss> +<gloss>judgement</gloss> +<gloss>estimation</gloss> @@ -21,2 +24,0 @@ -<gloss>assessment</gloss> -<gloss>estimation</gloss>
4.	A 2023-08-31 02:51:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-08-31 01:08:53 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	[vt]: sankoku, iwakoku, obunsha
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A 2012-08-12 07:38:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -20,0 +21,1 @@ +<gloss>estimation</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-12 05:51:06 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, prog, 新和英中辞典, Luminous
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,4 @@ -<gloss>evaluate</gloss> +<gloss>evaluation</gloss> +<gloss>criticism</gloss> +<gloss>commenting on</gloss> +<gloss>assessment</gloss>

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jmdict 2037590 Active (id: 2275949)

チューインガム；チューイン・ガム；チュウインガム [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ chewing gum

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1040350 ガム 1. chewing gum

History:

6.	A 2023-08-31 01:48:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-08-30 23:47:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ チューインガム　 │ 44,517 │ 97.6% │ │ チューイン・ガム │ 143 │ 0.3% │ │ チュウインガム　 │ 931 │ 2.0% │ - sk │ チュウイン・ガム │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>チュウインガム</reb> +<reb>チューイン・ガム</reb> @@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<reb>チューイン・ガム</reb> +<reb>チュウインガム</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A 2013-05-11 09:01:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>チューイン・ガム</reb> +</r_ele>
3.	A 2012-07-08 23:29:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-07-08 22:14:41 Scott
	Comments:	16k hits
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>チュウインガム</reb>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2005-05-01 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2068970 Active (id: 2275980)
いじめられっ子；苛められっ子 [rK] ；虐められっ子 [rK] ；イジメられっ子 [sK]
【いじめられっこ】

1.

[n]
▶ bullied child

History:

4.	A 2023-08-31 16:46:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	If 苛められっ子 is rK, I think 虐められっ子 should be as well. イジメられっ子 can be hidden.
	Diff:	@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>イジメられっ子</keb> @@ -15,0 +13,4 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>イジメられっ子</keb>
3.	A 2023-08-30 21:06:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-08-30 20:28:06 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	〈いじめ／イジメ／苛め／虐め〉〈られっ／ラレッ〉〈子／こ／コ〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ いじめられっ子 │ 86,291 │ 63.1% │ │ イジメられっ子 │ 10,251 │ 7.5% │ - add │ 虐められっ子　 │ 3,017 │ 2.2% │ - add, sK │ 苛められっ子　 │ 2,703 │ 2.0% │ - rK │ 虐められっこ　 │ 583 │ 0.4% │ │ イジメラレッ子 │ 405 │ 0.3% │ │ 苛められっこ　 │ 385 │ 0.3% │ │ 苛められっコ　 │ 25 │ 0.0% │ │ いじめられっこ │ 30,338 │ 22.2% │ │ イジメられっこ │ 1,843 │ 1.3% │ │ イジメラレッコ │ 671 │ 0.5% │ │ いじめられっコ │ 123 │ 0.1% │ │ イジメられっコ │ 104 │ 0.1% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<keb>イジメられっ子</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>虐められっ子</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1.	A 2005-12-22 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2251810 Active (id: 2275986)

のさばる

1.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to act as one pleases ▶ to throw one's weight around ▶ to have everything one's own way ▶ to act important ▶ to act high-handedly
2.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to grow freely (e.g. of weeds)

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2023-08-31 20:48:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij, meikyo
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,7 @@ +<gloss>to act important</gloss> +<gloss>to act high-handedly</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to grow freely (e.g. of weeds)</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-08-30 21:42:33 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	kokugos
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
1.	A 2008-02-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2530010 Deleted (id: 2275971)
追悼塔
【ついとうとう】

1.

[n] [rare]
▶ (memorial) monument

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1780980 慰霊塔 1. memorial tower
	⇒ see: 2530000 追悼碑 1. memorial (to the dead)

History:

4.	D 2023-08-31 05:00:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, there are many 追悼X which are more common.
3.	D* 2023-08-30 18:45:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not in my refs. Rare compound. I think it can go.
2.	A* 2023-08-30 15:58:19 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	慰霊塔 15546 1.7% xref 追悼碑 5114 0.5% xref 追悼塔 28 0.0% this term
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<misc>&rare;</misc>
1.	A 2010-03-18 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2842661 Active (id: 2275977)
お店 [spec1] ；御店 [sK]
【おみせ [spec1] 】

1.

[n] [pol]
▶ store
▶ shop
▶ establishment
▶ restaurant

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1582120 店 1. store; shop; establishment; restaurant

History:

7.	A 2023-08-31 15:38:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22,2 @@ +<gloss>establishment</gloss> +<gloss>restaurant</gloss>
6.	A 2023-01-05 20:51:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	お店 89580069 100.0% 御店 15309 0.0%
	Comments:	Most if not all qualify anyway.
5.	A* 2023-01-05 09:36:48 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think we should probably institute a policy of making all 御- forms sK (with exceptions for when those forms are proprtionally very common)
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2020-01-08 01:35:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Probably worth doing.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -11,0 +13 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
3.	A* 2020-01-08 00:21:01 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	Probably worth including a frequency tag, especially to set it apart from おたな
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2020-01-07 22:04:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-01-07 20:52:50 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See comments on 2409240. I think this is worth adding for the reason Nicolas gave. お店 is very common. We don't want people thinking that it's usually read おたな.

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jmdict 2855650 Active (id: 2275958)
大人向け；オトナ向け [sK] ；おとな向け [sK]
【おとなむけ】

1.

[adj-no]
▶ (intended) for adults
▶ aimed at adults

History:

4.	A 2023-08-31 01:57:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-08-30 23:36:36 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>オトナ向け</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>おとな向け</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2022-07-22 19:47:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>aimed at adults</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-07-21 12:47:50 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	大人向け 310675 96.7% おとな向け 3800 1.2% hiddenForm オトナ向け 6749 2.1% hiddenForm cf. 子供向け 1132681 (already an entry, and in GG5)

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jmdict 2858698 Active (id: 2276124)
騙されたと思って；だまされたと思って；騙されたとおもって [sK]
【だまされたとおもって】

1.

[exp]
《used to encourage someone to try something》
▶ trust me and ...
▶ just take my word for it and ...
▶ [lit] think that you have been tricked, and ...

History:

8.	A 2023-09-02 19:07:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I took the lit gloss from Wiktionary, which seems to consider it an adverbial phrase. I think this also works.
7.	A* 2023-09-02 01:05:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Isn't this closer? It's usually 命令形 as I understand it. (heard this used just the other day, by chance)
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss g_type="lit">thinking that one has been tricked</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">think that you have been tricked, and ...</gloss>
6.	A 2023-09-01 20:37:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks
5.	A* 2023-09-01 20:18:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/だまされたとおもって https://takashionary.com/glossary/だまされたとおもって/ https://nativecamp.net/heync/question/8840
	Diff:	@@ -19,2 +19,4 @@ -<gloss>trust me and...</gloss> -<gloss>just do it, you won't regret it</gloss> +<s_inf>used to encourage someone to try something</s_inf> +<gloss>trust me and ...</gloss> +<gloss>just take my word for it and ...</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">thinking that one has been tricked</gloss>
4.	A 2023-08-31 23:01:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	騙されたと思って 105575 60.5% 騙されたとおもって 867 0.5% だまされたと思って 66629 38.2% だまされたとおもって 1298 0.7%
	Comments:	Looks useful. Surprisingly common.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,7 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>だまされたと思って</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>騙されたとおもって</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2023-08-31 19:22:55 Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://i.imgur.com/yb6rBZQ.png
	Comments:	in the link above an example usage from the .hack G.U. videogame
2.	A* 2023-08-30 16:08:11 Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>just do it!</gloss> +<gloss>just do it, you won't regret it</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-08-30 16:06:14 Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/12267/ https://abireharu.com/entry/damasareta-to-omotte

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jmdict 2858699 Active (id: 2275991)
人口ピラミッド
【じんこうピラミッド】

1.

[n]
▶ population pyramid

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 23:09:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	中辞典 tags it 【社会】.
1.	A* 2023-08-31 21:39:02 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki 人口ピラミッド 11102
	Comments:	[demog]raphics tag?

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jmdict 2858700 Active (id: 2275996)
追悼の辞
【ついとうのじ】

1.

[exp,n]
▶ memorial address
▶ eulogy

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 23:36:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-08-31 23:34:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, wisdom G n-grams: 2961
	Comments:	All the JEs have this as an example for 追悼.

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jmnedict 5407890 Active (id: 2275944)
新選国語辞典
【しんせんこくごじてん】

1.

[work]
▶ Shinsen Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan)

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 00:49:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-08-31 00:13:20 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09501409
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> -<gloss>Shinsenkokugojiten</gloss> +<misc>&work;</misc> +<gloss>Shinsen Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5746451 Active (id: 2275966)
縮図
【しゅくず】

1.

[work]
▶ Shukuzu (unfinished novel by Tokuda Shuusei)

History:

2.	A 2023-08-31 02:52:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-08-30 23:58:42 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijirin has an entry for this. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shūsei_Tokuda

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16.	A 2023-08-31 02:02:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
15.	A* 2023-08-30 23:29:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding [sk] as discussed below
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
14.	A 2022-07-19 12:07:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	There is a good reason for having a form like サッサと available to text-glossing systems. It is very useful, if not vital, to be able to handle katakana forms a bit separately. I'm comfortable with サッサと ending up as a search-only/hidden form, because glossing software can still use it, but it's important that it be available.
13.	A 2022-07-19 04:00:03 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, esp. when it comes to hiragana vs katakana I think "90k in the ngrams" by itself is a meaningless statistic. Jisho, yomichan, wwwjdic can all find this entry fine without "サッサと" being explicitly included.
12.	A 2022-07-19 00:06:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it matters so much when it's simply hiragana vs. katakana. Most clients handle the conversion themselves. I have no objection to keeping it for now but I agree with Marcus that it should be a hidden form. アリガトウ gets a massive 230475 n-grams but we (rightly) don't include it as a reading. Once hidden forms are implemented, I see no reason not to use percentage-based thresholds (allowing for exceptions here and there).
(show/hide 11 older log entries)
11.	A 2022-07-18 21:02:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I quite agree. I proposed some inclusion criteria in an issue which is still open, which catered for that count level.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>サッサと</reb>
10.	A* 2022-07-18 15:03:53 Opencooper
	Comments:	Marcus, I think this is one of those cases where the percentage shouldn't be used as a guide for removing surface forms. The percentage is relatively low (but not quite rK-level) because the counts for the hiragana form are so high. But 98 thousand n-grams are nothing to scoff at. For these [on-mim] terms, katakana variants are just as expected. I'm counting 24 hits for the past hour alone on Twitter.
9.	A 2022-07-16 11:45:53 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	さっさと 2034140 95.4% サッサと 98272 4.6% ← don't think we need to include this. hiddenForm
	Comments:	I agree.
	Diff:	@@ -7,3 +6,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>サッサと</reb>
8.	A 2022-07-16 11:45:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
7.	A* 2022-07-16 11:37:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij さっさと帰って 45250 さっさと終わらせ 23036 さっさと食べ 15813 さっさ帰って 145 さっさ終わらせ 45 さっさ食べ 35
	Comments:	So did we until 2013. See the edit history below. The "adv-to" PoS indicates that it's used with と. But I think と should be included in the headword. It's virtually always さっさと. All the refs have さっさと. Only daijs and nikk have a seperate さっさ entry (and their example sentences still use さっさと).
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<reb>さっさ</reb> +<reb>さっさと</reb> @@ -7,6 +6,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>サッサ</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>さっさと</reb> @@ -18 +11,0 @@ -<pos>&adv-to;</pos> @@ -20,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>quickly</gloss> @@ -23 +16,0 @@ -<gloss>quickly</gloss> @@ -24,0 +18,3 @@ +<gloss>briskly</gloss> +<gloss>hurriedly</gloss> +<gloss>hastily</gloss> @@ -27 +22,0 @@ -<pos>&adv-to;</pos> @@ -30,0 +26 @@ +<gloss>coldly</gloss>
6.	A* 2022-07-16 01:54:07
	Refs:	Unidic サッサと (副詞,,,,,) Base: さっさと : さっさとさっさと (副詞,,,,,) Base: さっさと : さっさと
	Comments:	For some reason, Unidic have this adverb with concatenated と. Can we add these readings?
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,6 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>さっさと</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>サッサと</reb>
5.	A 2016-10-11 23:04:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2016-10-11 16:00:55 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: さっさ 59724 (さっさ) さっさと 2033605 (さっさと) サッサ 108329 (サッサ) サッサと 98272 (サッサと) confusing numbers ------------------------ さっさと帰って 45250 サッサと帰って 3257
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>サッサ</reb>
3.	A 2013-02-07 04:27:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See if this "takes".
2.	A* 2013-02-07 00:55:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i swear some of my amendments are getting dropped again... yesterday i suggested さっさと go in as さっさ, following nikk: （多く「と」を伴って用いる）
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@ -<reb>さっさと</reb> +<reb>さっさ</reb> @@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> @@ -17,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
1.	A* 2013-02-06 02:57:07 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	daijr, 新和英中辞典 (daijs has さっさ and only one sense)
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,2 @@ +<gloss>promptly</gloss> +<gloss>immediately</gloss> @@ -12,0 +14,6 @@ +<gloss>without delay</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<misc>&on-mim;</misc> +<gloss>indifferently</gloss>

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary Database

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