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jmdict 1208840 Active (id: 2275107)
且つ [spec1]
かつ [spec1]
1. [conj,adv] [uk]
▶ and
▶ moreover
▶ besides
▶ as well as
▶ and on top of that
▶ at the same time



History:
9. A 2023-08-21 12:15:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/Editorial_policy#References  "for amendments to existing entries, straightforward suggestions such as spelling changes or rewording of translations need not have references, but more substantial changes must be accompanied by references and/or a case for the change in the Comments field.?
  Diff:
@@ -25,6 +24,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&conj;</pos>
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
-<field>&comp;</field>
-<gloss>and (logical operator)</gloss>
8. A* 2023-08-17 11:37:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
References needed. I can't see it in any IT dictionary/glossary.
7. A* 2023-08-17 05:19:55 
  Diff:
@@ -24,0 +25,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<field>&comp;</field>
+<gloss>and (logical operator)</gloss>
6. A 2020-04-30 01:23:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2020-04-29 19:59:41  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
  Comments:
I don't know where "yet" came from.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
@@ -17 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&conj;</pos>
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<gloss>yet</gloss>
+<gloss>and</gloss>
@@ -21 +21,4 @@
-<gloss>and</gloss>
+<gloss>besides</gloss>
+<gloss>as well as</gloss>
+<gloss>and on top of that</gloss>
+<gloss>at the same time</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 1218630 Active (id: 2275207)
危険性 [spec1]
きけんせい [spec1]
1. [n]
▶ (degree of) risk
▶ riskiness
▶ danger



History:
7. A 2023-08-22 11:53:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2023-08-22 10:29:37  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>(degree of) risk</gloss>
@@ -15 +16 @@
-<gloss>(level of) danger</gloss>
+<gloss>danger</gloss>
5. A 2023-08-21 12:14:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
None provided. Cannot see this sense anywhere.
https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/Editorial_policy#References  "for amendments to existing entries, straightforward suggestions such as spelling changes or rewording of translations need not have references, but more substantial changes must be accompanied by references and/or a case for the change in the Comments field."
  Diff:
@@ -16,4 +15,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>self-preservation</gloss>
4. A* 2023-08-19 18:04:05 
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>self-preservation</gloss>
3. A 2020-04-06 04:07:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1236670 Active (id: 2275182)
恐れおののく恐れ戦く恐れ慄く
おそれおののく
1. [v5k,vi]
▶ to tremble with fear

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2023-08-22 04:46:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2023-08-22 03:12:30  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
shinmeikai, sankoku, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
5. A* 2023-08-22 03:11:03 
  Diff:
@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2023-08-22 00:56:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
恐れ戦く is the form in the refs, although the JEs use 恐れおののく in examples.
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>恐れ慄く</keb>
+<keb>恐れ戦く</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11 +12 @@
-<keb>恐れ戦く</keb>
+<keb>恐れ慄く</keb>
3. A* 2023-08-21 17:19:15  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
恐れおののく	8858	88.8%
恐れ戦く	638	6.4%
恐れ慄く	484	4.8%.
  Comments:
I'm bumping 恐れ慄く in front of 恐れ戦く for consistency with the other 戦く/慄く entries. Both are blips against the half-kana form.

If you actually do a google search (news or general) on "恐れ戦く" vs "恐れ慄く", you'll see 恐れ慄く actually does win. (And it clearly wins on twitter, which I noted on the おののくentry)
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>恐れ慄く</keb>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1417670 Active (id: 2275094)
単数 [ichi1]
たんすう [ichi1]
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ single
▶ one
2. [n] {grammar}
▶ singular (number)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1501400 複数 2. plural (number)



History:
5. A 2023-08-21 01:29:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1501400">複数・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1501400">複数・2</xref>
4. A 2023-08-21 00:33:41  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
  Comments:
Not just you. The entry wasn't clear.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -14,2 +15,2 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<gloss>singular</gloss>
+<gloss>single</gloss>
+<gloss>one</gloss>
@@ -19,2 +20 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<xref type="ant" seq="1501400">複数</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1501400">複数</xref>
@@ -22 +22 @@
-<gloss>singular number</gloss>
+<gloss>singular (number)</gloss>
3. A* 2023-08-21 00:09:38  Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm not a native english speaker so whenever I've read "singular number" I thought it was talking about something like "7"...so the suggestion is meant to clarify that, although this might be a personal problem of mine rather than a problem with the original entry.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,5 @@
+<gloss>singular</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -15,0 +21 @@
+<field>&gramm;</field>
2. A 2022-04-26 04:52:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2022-04-26 04:44:49  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, daijs, kojien, shinmeikai, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1501400">複数</xref>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1449190 Active (id: 2275108)
当然 [ichi1,news1,nf03] 当前 [ateji,rK]
とうぜん [ichi1,news1,nf03]
1. [adj-no,adj-na]
▶ natural
▶ right
▶ proper
▶ just
▶ reasonable
▶ appropriate
▶ deserved
2. [adv]
▶ naturally
▶ as a matter of course
▶ rightly
▶ deservedly
▶ justly
▶ of course



History:
6. A 2023-08-21 12:16:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-08-21 02:40:13  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
n-grams in Robin's comment
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2020-10-19 23:40:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2020-10-19 13:05:04  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
daijr: 「当前」とも当てて書く。
当然の	2532884
当然な	378539
---
当前	5485
  Comments:
Added adverb sense.
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>当前</keb>
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -16,0 +21 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -18 +22,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -19,0 +24,10 @@
+<gloss>right</gloss>
+<gloss>proper</gloss>
+<gloss>just</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonable</gloss>
+<gloss>appropriate</gloss>
+<gloss>deserved</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<gloss>naturally</gloss>
@@ -21,3 +35,4 @@
-<gloss>justified</gloss>
-<gloss>deserved</gloss>
-<gloss>reasonable</gloss>
+<gloss>rightly</gloss>
+<gloss>deservedly</gloss>
+<gloss>justly</gloss>
+<gloss>of course</gloss>
2. A 2013-03-04 22:52:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1485400 Active (id: 2275206)
飛びつく飛び付く跳び付く [rK] 跳びつく [sK] 飛付く [sK]
とびつく
1. [v5k,vi]
▶ to jump at
▶ to leap at
▶ to fly at
▶ to spring at
▶ to pounce on

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2023-08-22 11:52:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-08-22 10:39:40  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, luminous
  Diff:
@@ -29 +29,4 @@
-<gloss>to be attracted by</gloss>
+<gloss>to leap at</gloss>
+<gloss>to fly at</gloss>
+<gloss>to spring at</gloss>
+<gloss>to pounce on</gloss>
4. A 2023-08-21 06:10:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-08-21 05:26:34  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
〈飛(び)/跳(び)/とび〉〈付/つ〉

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 飛びつく │ 131,283 │ 86.8% │
│ 飛び付く │   9,213 │  6.1% │
│ 跳びつく │   1,070 │  0.7% │ - sK
│ 跳び付く │     460 │  0.3% │ - rK (daijr, sankoku)
│ 飛付く  │     302 │  0.2% │ - sK
│ とび付く │      62 │  0.0% │
│ 飛つく  │      41 │  0.0% │
│ 跳付く  │       0 │  0.0% │ - drop
│ とびつく │   8,895 │  5.9% │
├─ーーーー─┼─────────┼───────┤
│ 飛びつい │ 246,711 │ 88.7% │
│ 飛び付い │  15,716 │  5.6% │
│ 跳びつい │   2,213 │  0.8% │
│ 跳び付い │     701 │  0.3% │
│ 飛付い  │     270 │  0.1% │
│ とび付い │      93 │  0.0% │
│ 飛つい  │      29 │  0.0% │
│ 跳付い  │       0 │  0.0% │
│ とびつい │  12,553 │  4.5% │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
The kokugos split this into literal and figurative senses
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<keb>跳びつく</keb>
+<keb>跳び付く</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14 +15,2 @@
-<keb>跳び付く</keb>
+<keb>跳びつく</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18,3 +20 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>跳付く</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2020-12-03 20:14:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1501400 Active (id: 2275092)
複数 [ichi1,news1,nf03] 復数 [sK]
ふくすう [ichi1,news1,nf03]
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ plural
▶ multiple
2. [n] {grammar}
▶ plural (number)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1417670 単数 2. singular (number)



History:
10. A 2023-08-21 01:23:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2023-08-21 00:37:05  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, meikyo
複数	17,445,103		
復数	1,522
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23 +22,0 @@
-<xref type="ant" seq="1417670">単数・1</xref>
@@ -26 +25,6 @@
-<gloss>several</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1417670">単数・2</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>plural (number)</gloss>
8. A 2022-04-26 04:52:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2022-04-26 04:46:01  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, daijs, kojien, shinmeikai, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23,2 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1417670">単数</xref>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1417670">単数</xref>
6. A 2019-03-21 02:34:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK with me.
  Diff:
@@ -23 +22,0 @@
-<pos>&n-adv;</pos>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1504730 Active (id: 2275103)
奮迅
ふんじん
1. [n] [form]
▶ rousing oneself fiercely
▶ being intensely stirred up
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1311100 獅子奮迅 1. furious (energy, battle, etc.); frenzied (work, activity, etc.); ferocious



History:
3. A 2023-08-21 06:11:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-08-21 01:29:17  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
As it rarely appears on its own (i.e. outside of 獅子奮迅), I don't think it should be glossed as an adjective.
We don't typically have "usu. as" notes for nouns that appear in compounds. I think an x-ref is sufficient.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -15,3 +14,2 @@
-<s_inf>usu. as 獅子奮迅</s_inf>
-<gloss>fiercely driven</gloss>
-<gloss>intensely fired up</gloss>
+<gloss>rousing oneself fiercely</gloss>
+<gloss>being intensely stirred up</gloss>
1. A* 2023-08-19 07:28:11  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs:
勢い激しくふるいたつこと

Note on history with Buddhist preaching:
https://news-mynavi-jp.translate.goog/article/20210412-1832502/?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
「獅子奮迅」の由来
獅子奮迅は、仏教の大乗経である「法華経」や「大般若経」にある言葉です。元は「お釈迦様が情熱的に勢いのある説法や行動をしたことによって、聴衆や外道の方を圧倒する様子」を意味していました。
sankoku: [文]ふるいたつこと。たけりはやること。獅子ーの勢い

https://www.reddit.com/r/ffxiv/comments/1nwf89/japanese_skill_names_differ_widely_on_some_classes/
 獅子奮迅 (literally something like "being riled up like a lion")

http://blog.livedoor.jp/gogo_eigo-denihon/archives/19976477.html
獅子奮迅の勢いで   with great force like a vigorous lion
 cf. 獅子奮迅の働き work with strenuous efforts


獅子奮迅の解説 - 学研 四字熟語辞典
「奮迅」は、奮い立ってすばやく動き回るさま。出典『大般若経だいはんにゃきょう』五二


https://fof48.com/sisifunjin-imi/
「奮迅(ふんじん)」は勇み立つこと
奮迅とは、勇み立つことです。 わかりやすい言葉で表現をするならば、勇気を出して決意すること。
試合前のボクサーの様子は奮迅しており怖くて近づけない迫力がある。
奮迅の活躍をして上司に褒められた。

英語イディオム表現辞典での「奮い立って」の英訳
興奮して;ワクワクして;奮い立って
訳語 fired up

Not actually good gloss, but *not* "impetuous dash". (defn. just steals fury from "lion's fury"). 奮迅 does *not* mean angry or enraged.
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/奮迅
斎藤和英大辞典での「奮迅」の英訳
奮迅
読み方 ふんじん
名詞Fury; rage
用例
獅子奮迅の勢
the fury of a raging lion
  Comments:
"impetuous dash forward" seems entirely unsupported. 獅子奮迅 is a compliment, so "impetuous" seems odd. "dash" is not supported by any kokugos.

The reason this gloss has survived this long would seem to be that "奮迅" is not generally used outside of  獅子奮迅, which has a better gloss.  Google news search for 奮迅, it's *all* 獅子奮迅. 

There are no good English glosses of this term that I could find.  The best route I found is to read J-J explanations of "獅子奮迅", which sometimes briefly define "奮迅".  Most just give the daijs definition though. (勢い激しくふるいたつこと)

After many hours and a good night's sleep, "fiercely driven" is what I've gotten to. Open to suggestions.

Note:the sense of "irresistible" in 獅子奮迅 (as in "irresistible force") comes from the *lion*, not from this term.  Also note, this is not productive. The only term that seems to precede 奮迅 is 獅子。

I wonder if something like "drive forward" (as in "internal drive", "intensely driven") got changed to "dash".  Because 奮い立つ, which *every* reference uses to define this term, has to do with being motivated/worked up/etc. Nothing to do with physical movement.

According to refs, (google translate): 獅子奮迅 a word in the Mahayana Sutras of Buddhism, the Lotus Sutra and the Daihannya Sutra. Originally, it meant ``the appearance of the Buddha overwhelming the audience and the heretics by preaching and acting passionately.'' 

The force of the preacher is compared to the force of the lion by analogy.

A blog reference described "奮迅" alone as the frightening state of a worked-up boxer just before his match begins.

Regular uses are 獅子奮迅の勢い, which is *complimentary* about a motivated/driven worker/workforce. As in:
奮迅の活躍をして上司に褒められた。

Here's a blog definition that includes the concept of "drive"(突き進む):
https://koinomikata.com/blog/20190613163621.html
「奮迅」には、「激しく奮い立ち、突き進む様子」という意味がある言葉になります。

All definitions seem to end with さま こと or 様子 "the state of". Seems like "adj-no". mirroring  獅子奮迅, is the simplest interpretation.

Again, this term barely exists on its own.

What I will caution is that the term does *not* seem to mean "fury" on its own, even if "fury" appears in glosses for "獅子奮迅". Specifically, the nuances of "anger" or "rage" are not in this term.  "frenzied" might apply, but to the extent it means "uncontrolled" it doesn't actually seem to apply. (I'm not sure I completely agree with "frenzied" on 獅子奮迅 for the same reason).
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,6 @@
-<gloss>impetuous dash forward</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1311100">獅子奮迅</xref>
+<misc>&form;</misc>
+<s_inf>usu. as 獅子奮迅</s_inf>
+<gloss>fiercely driven</gloss>
+<gloss>intensely fired up</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1549140 Active (id: 2275197)
[ichi1,news1,nf05] 玉子 [spec1]
たまご [ichi1,news1,nf05]
1. (卵 only) [n]
▶ eggs
▶ egg
▶ spawn
▶ roe
2. [n]
《oft. 玉子 in cooking》
▶ (hen's) egg
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1240530 玉【たま】 14. egg
  ⇐ see: 1862520 お玉【おたま】 2. (hen's) egg
3. (卵 only) [n]
▶ (an expert) in the making
4. (卵 only) [n]
▶ beginning
▶ origin
▶ infancy



History:
9. A 2023-08-22 10:30:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
玉子	1,636,998
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
8. A 2023-08-21 12:36:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2023-08-18 15:39:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
玉子焼き	        295,841		
卵焼き	        489,562		
玉子料理	        5,607		
卵料理	        75,836
  Comments:
This is our usual style. I think I wanted to avoid this (when I added the original note) because it could imply that 玉子 is more common than 卵 in cooking contexts, but it's probably fine.
  Diff:
@@ -29 +29 @@
-<s_inf>玉子 oft. used in cooking</s_inf>
+<s_inf>oft. 玉子 in cooking</s_inf>
6. A* 2023-08-18 02:14:05 
  Comments:
《玉子 oft. used in cooking》

I think this note is hard to make sense of, and could be made clearer.
5. A 2020-05-07 21:11:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1553090 Active (id: 2275132)
侶伴
りょはん
1. [n] [rare]
▶ companion
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1478430 伴侶 1. companion; partner; spouse



History:
2. A 2023-08-21 18:58:22  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not in the JEs (except saito) or smaller kokugos.
1. A* 2023-08-21 18:07:15  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
伴侶	151811	100.0%
侶伴	0	0.0%

daijs
りょ‐はん【侶伴】 の解説
なかま。つれ。伴侶。
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1478430">伴侶</xref>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1566430 Active (id: 2275203)
はめ込む嵌め込む填め込む [rK] 嵌めこむ [sK] 填めこむ [sK] 塡め込む [sK]
はめこむ
1. [v5m,vt]
▶ to fit (e.g. a pane into a frame)
▶ to set (e.g. a diamond)
▶ to inlay
▶ to insert
2. [v5m,vt] {mathematics}
▶ to plug in (to a formula)
3. [v5m,vt]
▶ to entrap
▶ to take (someone) in
▶ to deceive
▶ to trick

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2023-08-22 11:50:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Dunno how I missed seeing 填め込む in Dajisen.
5. A* 2023-08-22 11:17:51  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
填め込む is in the kokugos.
塡 was added to the joyo set in 2010 so we should probably include that too.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@
+<keb>填め込む</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -15 +19 @@
-<keb>填め込む</keb>
+<keb>填めこむ</keb>
@@ -19 +23 @@
-<keb>填めこむ</keb>
+<keb>塡め込む</keb>
@@ -27,0 +32,2 @@
+<gloss>to fit (e.g. a pane into a frame)</gloss>
+<gloss>to set (e.g. a diamond)</gloss>
@@ -30 +35,0 @@
-<gloss>to set</gloss>
@@ -37 +41,0 @@
-<gloss>to immerse</gloss>
@@ -41,0 +46,3 @@
+<gloss>to entrap</gloss>
+<gloss>to take (someone) in</gloss>
+<gloss>to deceive</gloss>
@@ -43 +49,0 @@
-<gloss>to deceive</gloss>
4. A 2023-08-21 22:36:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
[rK] is largely used for rare forms that appear in the kokugos.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3. A* 2023-08-21 14:51:20  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
はめこむ	8658


はめ込む	69715	90.4%
嵌め込む	6377	8.3%
填め込む	509	0.7%
嵌めこむ	458	0.6%
填めこむ	27	0.0%
  Comments:
Proposed cleanup/simplification.  填 should appear at least as [rK], but the こむ(kana) forms are not super-critical to see. Clearly 込 is massively preferred (99.4% of kanji-containing forms).
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<keb>填め込む</keb>
+<keb>嵌めこむ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14 +15,2 @@
-<keb>嵌めこむ</keb>
+<keb>填め込む</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -17,0 +20 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2017-02-18 10:55:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1567330 Active (id: 2275183)
拉致 [spec1]
らち [spec1] らっち
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ taking captive
▶ carrying away
▶ kidnapping
▶ kidnaping
▶ abduction
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2553530 引っ攫う【ひっさらう】 1. to kidnap; to abduct; to snatch; to carry people away; to take by force
  ⇐ see: 2844078 羅致【らち】 2. taking captive
  ⇐ see: 2220240 拉致る【らちる】 1. to kidnap; to abduct

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2023-08-22 04:51:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, odd.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
@@ -8,0 +10 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4. A* 2023-08-21 20:57:04  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ngrams:
殺人	4612155	 [ichi1,news1,nf03] 
拉致	2542573	 <<--- nothing?       Wanikani level 40
暗殺	1140656	 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
誘拐	864261	 [ichi1,news1,nf06]  Wanikani level 54

WaniKani level 40:
https://www.wanikani.com/vocabulary/拉致

===
スプーン	1845380	33.9%

拉致	2542573	46.7% 
拉致問題	492896	9.1%   <--- this is [spec1]
拉致され	290872	5.3%
拉致被害者 272333	5.0%
  Comments:
Never seen this before... Can/should we make this [spec1]?

This word is apparently more common online than "spoon".  The compound word 拉致問題, which requires you to know *this* word, is [spec1] and thus marked "common" in jisho.org.

I don't know how this wasn't swept up by one of the [news] collations... A bit baffled. So baffled, I went to archive.org to get the Mainichi Shinbun stats file.  This term is ranked ~43,000 with 15 occurrences, presumably over 4 years.   It is the only term that appears with the "拉" kanji at all.  誘拐 is ranked ~3500 with 1639 instances.  Editorial policy of the newspaper in the late 90s? 拉致 seems common enough in news searches today.

Just a sanity check, Google news "reports" (I know, I know...) 
"拉致された" 4920 hits 
"誘拐された" 5870 hits
3. A 2021-11-18 00:44:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
2. A 2020-04-11 00:33:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2020-04-10 13:35:06  dine <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, daijs, nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/拉致-656202
  Comments:
らっち is not in the smaller kokugos but
https://furigana.info/w/拉致
らち	55.0%
らっち+らつち	45.0%
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>らっち</reb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1571480 Active (id: 2275159)
茹でタコ茹でダコ茹で蛸茹蛸茹だこ [sK] 茹ダコ [sK]
ゆでだこ (茹で蛸, 茹蛸)ゆでタコ (茹でタコ) [ik] ゆでダコ (茹でダコ)ゆでたこ (茹で蛸, 茹蛸) [ik]
1. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ boiled octopus
2. [n] [id]
▶ person with red flushed skin



History:
8. A 2023-08-21 23:29:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
茹蛸	4280	34.5%
茹でタコ	2864	23.1%
茹でダコ	2788	22.5%
茹で蛸	2076	16.7% <- most references
茹だこ	42	0.3%
茹ダコ	365	2.9%
GG5: a man as red as a lobster.
中辞典: グラス 1 杯のビールでゆでだこのように赤くなる go as red as a boiled lobster after a single glass of beer.
  Comments:
The JEs all like the lobster version.
I'm demoting the 茹蛸. While it's the most common single term, the term is most commonly 茹で[蛸,ダコ,タコ].
  Diff:
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>茹蛸</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -16,0 +14,3 @@
+<keb>茹蛸</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -20,0 +22 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23,0 +26 @@
+<re_restr>茹で蛸</re_restr>
@@ -25,2 +27,0 @@
-<re_restr>茹で蛸</re_restr>
-<re_restr>茹だこ</re_restr>
@@ -36 +36,0 @@
-<re_restr>茹ダコ</re_restr>
@@ -39,0 +40 @@
+<re_restr>茹で蛸</re_restr>
@@ -41 +41,0 @@
-<re_restr>茹で蛸</re_restr>
@@ -52 +52 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">person with red flushed skin (esp. due to a hot bath or alcohol consumption)</gloss>
+<gloss>person with red flushed skin</gloss>
7. A* 2023-08-16 17:45:17  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs:  風呂に入ったり、酒に酔ったりして赤くなったさまのたとえ。 「怒って茹で蛸になる」
sanokoku:入浴や飲酒などで赤くなった人 

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/red_as_a_lobster#:~:text=Adjective,synonym ▲ Synonym: lobster
Bright red in color, especially from a bad sunburn

https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/as-red-as-a-lobster.3243268/
As lobsters (at least boiled ones) are red all over their body, "red as a lobster" is usually used when someone has been sunburned particularly all over their body

https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/as-red-as-a-lobster.2979095/
I hear it mostly when people talk about sunburn.
Also, if you want to say that someone turned red from embarrassment, you can say that they turned "beet red." (My mom uses this one all the time.)

https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2007-05-02/onsen-zen
. The Japanese consider that bathing nirvana is achieved at the yudedako, or "boiled octopus," stage. Place a folded washcloth on your forehead to keep cool.

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2003/04/20/travel/seeking-tranquillity-in-tohoku/
 The region used to be known as Michinoku, meaning, ... onsen bath in Japan to complete that essential yude-dako (boiled octopus) look.


https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q138593103
お風呂に入っていると、ゆでだこにならないように言われます
なんで茹でタコと言うのですか

タコはゆでると真っ赤になるので人も長湯でゆでだこみたいに
なるよ!というのです。
  Comments:
I am not the only one who thinks "red as a lobster", if anything, means "sunburned all over ones body".  I don't think these idioms match, which makes this a misleading gloss.

I'm not sure we have a useful idiomatic substitute. The explanation for the idiom is apparently (see last ref) that octopuses turn bright red when boiled. So the connection to hot baths is not arbitrary. Both dictionaries call out baths and alcohol specifically. Can also refer to alcohol-induced flushing, and anger, etc.  No apparent connection to sunburns.

I imagine "alcohol" applies due to the Japanese genetic disposition toward alcohol intolerance(cheeks may flush red).  Westerners don't turn red from drinking (generally). 

We also don't have a hot-bath culture, so we seem to be lacking for a truly equivalent idiom.

Here's an illustrated octopus with a towel on its head in a bath:
お湯に浸かって茹蛸になるタコ
https://www.ac-illust.com/main/detail.php?id=1069549&word=お湯に浸かって茹蛸になるタコ&searchId=

Here's an angry octopus: 怒るタコ / ゆでだこ
https://japaclip.com/angry-octopus/
  Diff:
@@ -52 +52 @@
-<gloss>person as red as a lobster</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">person with red flushed skin (esp. due to a hot bath or alcohol consumption)</gloss>
6. A 2019-09-25 10:48:19  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -50,0 +51 @@
+<misc>&id;</misc>
5. A 2019-09-23 21:54:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
茹でタコ	2864
茹でダコ	2788
茹蛸	4280
茹で蛸	2076
茹だこ	42
茹ダコ	365
茹たこ	41
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>茹蛸</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -9,3 +11,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>茹蛸</keb>
@@ -22,0 +23,6 @@
+<reb>ゆでだこ</reb>
+<re_restr>茹蛸</re_restr>
+<re_restr>茹で蛸</re_restr>
+<re_restr>茹だこ</re_restr>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -31,6 +36,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ゆでだこ</reb>
-<re_restr>茹蛸</re_restr>
-<re_restr>茹で蛸</re_restr>
-<re_restr>茹だこ</re_restr>
4. A* 2019-09-23 09:12:14  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://www.japanesepod101.com/japanese-phrases/09232019?meaning
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,6 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>茹だこ</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>茹ダコ</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -23,0 +30 @@
+<re_restr>茹ダコ</re_restr>
@@ -28,0 +36 @@
+<re_restr>茹だこ</re_restr>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1572070 Active (id: 2275148)
蝸牛 [news2,nf42]
かたつむり [news2,nf42] カタツムリ (nokanji)
1. [n] [uk]
▶ snail
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1674060 舞々【まいまい】 1. snail
  ⇐ see: 2858630 でんでん虫【でんでんむし】 1. snail
  ⇐ see: 2858629 蝸牛【かぎゅう】 1. snail
  ⇐ see: 2858632 舞舞螺【まいまいつぶり】 1. snail



History:
7. A 2023-08-21 22:54:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2023-08-21 17:09:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Messy merge. I think this should be three entries. かぎゅう isn't uk. 蝸牛 is rK for でんでんむし.
  Diff:
@@ -9,3 +8,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>でんでん虫</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -14 +10,0 @@
-<re_restr>蝸牛</re_restr>
@@ -17,7 +12,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>かぎゅう</reb>
-<re_restr>蝸牛</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>でんでんむし</reb>
@@ -31 +19,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2577250">でで虫</xref>
@@ -33 +20,0 @@
-<s_inf>でんでんむし is more col.</s_inf>
@@ -35,6 +21,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>かぎゅう</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<field>&anat;</field>
-<gloss>cochlea</gloss>
5. A 2020-04-07 21:13:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2020-04-07 18:30:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, gg5
蝸牛	72261
蝸牛殻	327
  Comments:
Sense 2 is not an abbreviation.
  Diff:
@@ -31 +31 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2577250">でで虫・ででむし</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2577250">でで虫</xref>
@@ -39,3 +39 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2152450">蝸牛殻</xref>
-<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<field>&anat;</field>
3. A 2012-02-13 18:44:19  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1582370 Active (id: 2275184)
同侶
どうりょ
1. [n] [rare]
▶ companion
▶ friend



History:
2. A 2023-08-22 04:54:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Koj only has どうりょ.
1. A* 2023-08-21 18:22:30  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
hmmm... 
どうりょう 同僚	3238611	100.0%
どうりょ; 同侶	76	0.0%

https://kotobank.jp/word/同侶-2066704
nikk
〘名〙 つれ。仲間。伴侶。

普及版 字通 
【同侶】どうりよ 友だち
  Comments:
どうりょう not in daijs.  Probably on someone's furigana somewhere, but if you look at the related 同僚(colleague), that seems kind of inevitable. りょう would be an irregular reading. I see no obvious evidence for it online.

Actually, it looks like 同侶 isn't in daijs, but どうりょう isn't in any reference I can see.
  Diff:
@@ -10,3 +9,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>どうりょう</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -14,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
@@ -15,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>friend</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1582500 Active (id: 2275100)
内股内また [sK]
うちまた
1. [n]
▶ inner thigh
▶ inside of the thigh
2. [n]
▶ (walking) pigeon-toed
▶ having one's toes turned inward
3. [n] {martial arts}
▶ uchi-mata (judo)
▶ [expl] throwing an opponent by putting one's leg between their legs



History:
5. A 2023-08-21 06:08:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Actually no reference has  内腿 for うちまた.
  Diff:
@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>内腿</keb>
4. A 2023-08-21 06:05:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
内股	86833
内もも	19550
内腿	16911
内また	40628
  Comments:
Doing the split. A lot of false positives for 内また.
  Diff:
@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>内もも</keb>
@@ -19,4 +15,0 @@
-<re_restr>内股</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>うちもも</reb>
@@ -30 +22,0 @@
-<stagr>うちまた</stagr>
@@ -36 +27,0 @@
-<stagr>うちまた</stagr>
3. A* 2023-08-20 23:58:58  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, luminous
内股になっ	2,629		
内またになっ	135
  Comments:
I think うちもも should be a separate entry. Only the first sense and one kanji form is shared with うちまた.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>内また</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -22,0 +27 @@
+<gloss>inside of the thigh</gloss>
@@ -28 +33 @@
-<gloss>one's toes turned inward</gloss>
+<gloss>having one's toes turned inward</gloss>
@@ -34 +39 @@
-<gloss>uchimata (judo)</gloss>
+<gloss>uchi-mata (judo)</gloss>
2. A 2023-08-19 11:40:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-08-19 04:56:02  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 内股   │ 86,833 │ 64.7% │
│ 内もも  │ 19,550 │ 14.6% │ - add (seen in subtitles)
│ 内腿   │ 16,911 │ 12.6% │
│ うちまた │  7,790 │  5.8% │
│ うちもも │  3,209 │  2.4% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
╭─ーーーー─┬────────╮
│ 内股   │ 86,833 │
│ 内股し  │     52 │
│ 内股する │      0 │ - removing [vs] tags
╰─ーーーー─┴────────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>内もも</keb>
@@ -24 +26,0 @@
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
@@ -31 +33 @@
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<field>&MA;</field>
@@ -33 +35 @@
-<gloss>throwing an opponent by putting one's leg between their legs</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">throwing an opponent by putting one's leg between their legs</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1592350 Active (id: 2281827)
悔しい [ichi1,news2,nf27] 口惜しい [rK] 悔やしい [sK]
くやしい [ichi1,news2,nf27]
1. [adj-i]
▶ frustrated (over a failure, humiliation or injustice)
▶ annoyed
▶ chagrined
▶ (bitterly) disappointed
▶ bitter
▶ vexed
▶ frustrating
▶ annoying
▶ regrettable
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2853797 口惜しい【くちおしい】 1. frustrated (over a failure, humiliation or injustice); annoyed; chagrined; (bitterly) disappointed; bitter; vexed; frustrating; annoying; regrettable

Conjugations


History:
13. A 2023-10-31 12:23:20  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
悔やしい	727
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>悔やしい</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
12. A 2023-08-21 06:13:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"envious" is not showing up in references. I don't think the case for adding is strong. It would have to a different sense, anyway.
  Diff:
@@ -31 +30,0 @@
-<gloss>envious</gloss>
11. A* 2023-08-17 17:44:44  hiroto42 <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
誰かが自分より優れているときに使われる「悔しい」というのは妬む = to envy というのが適切だと思います。
  Diff:
@@ -30,0 +31 @@
+<gloss>envious</gloss>
10. A 2022-02-22 05:54:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK. Done.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18,4 +18,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>くちおしい</reb>
-<re_restr>口惜しい</re_restr>
9. A* 2022-01-29 08:26:27  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
悔しい	1908510
口惜しい	45087
くちおしい	418


mk says 口惜しい is やや古い言い方 - and 口惜しい is an rK for くやしい, but of not for くちおしい. Could we split out くちおしい 
 into it's own entry with a [dated] tag and tag 口惜しい in this entry as rK?
(show/hide 8 older log entries)

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jmdict 1592900 Active (id: 2275146)
子犬 [spec1] 仔犬小犬子いぬ [sK] 子イヌ [sK]
こいぬ [spec1]
1. [n]
▶ puppy
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2202270 犬子【えのこ】 1. puppy
2. [n]
▶ small dog



History:
6. A 2023-08-21 22:44:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-08-21 18:55:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
子犬	2,167,952	80.2%	
仔犬	448,989	16.6%	
小犬	61,316	2.3%	
子いぬ	8,721	0.3%	
仔いぬ	261	0.0%	
子イヌ	15,161	0.6%	
仔イヌ	402	0.0%
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>子いぬ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>子イヌ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2018-12-25 10:18:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr
  Comments:
As suggested by Robin in 2573310.
  Diff:
@@ -21,0 +22,4 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>small dog</gloss>
+</sense>
3. A 2018-03-24 09:59:25  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
G n-grams
子犬	2167952
仔犬	 448989
小犬	 61316
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
@@ -14,0 +16 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2. A 2015-07-28 11:42:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1593380 Active (id: 2275149)
子猫 [spec1,news2,nf36] 仔猫小猫 [rK] 子ネコ [sK] 子ねこ [sK] 仔ネコ [sK]
こねこ [spec1,news2,nf36] コネコ [sk]
1. [n]
▶ kitten
2. [n]
▶ small cat



History:
8. A 2023-08-21 22:56:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2023-08-21 18:53:19  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
子猫	1,578,502	73.0%	
仔猫	476,557	        22.1%	
子ネコ	47,545	        2.2%	
小猫	23,427	        1.1%	
子ねこ	30,865	        1.4%	
仔ネコ	4,206	        0.2%
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<keb>子ネコ</keb>
+<keb>小猫</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -17 +18,2 @@
-<keb>小猫</keb>
+<keb>子ネコ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -20,0 +23 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23,0 +27 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -27,4 +30,0 @@
-<re_restr>子猫</re_restr>
-<re_restr>仔猫</re_restr>
-<re_restr>小猫</re_restr>
-<re_restr>子ねこ</re_restr>
@@ -36,5 +35,0 @@
-<reb>こネコ</reb>
-<re_restr>子ネコ</re_restr>
-<re_restr>仔ネコ</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -42 +37 @@
-<re_nokanji/>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
6. A 2018-12-25 10:16:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr
  Comments:
As suggested by Robin in 2573310.
  Diff:
@@ -47,0 +48,4 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>small cat</gloss>
+</sense>
5. A 2016-12-08 21:54:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2016-12-08 12:06:12  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
コネコ	13159
  Diff:
@@ -39,0 +40,4 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>コネコ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1605670 Active (id: 2275171)
勇退 [news1,nf18]
ゆうたい [news1,nf18]
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ retiring voluntarily
▶ resigning one's post (to make way for others)
▶ stepping down
▶ bowing out

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2023-08-22 00:59:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-08-21 23:46:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog
smk (優退): 〔勝抜き試合などで〕何試合か続けて勝った者が、規約によって引き下がること。
勇退	55,153		
優退	No matches
  Comments:
優退 is in sankoku and shinmeikai as a separate word (with a different definition). It's not in any of my other refs. It's also very rare. I'm not sure we need it.
  Diff:
@@ -8,3 +7,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>優退</keb>
@@ -20,0 +18,3 @@
+<gloss>retiring voluntarily</gloss>
+<gloss>resigning one's post (to make way for others)</gloss>
+<gloss>stepping down</gloss>
@@ -22 +21,0 @@
-<gloss>retiring voluntarily</gloss>
1. A 2021-11-18 01:03:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1758550 Deleted (id: 2275166)
慄冽栗烈慄烈
りつれつ
1. [n] [rare]
▶ stinging cold



History:
3. D 2023-08-22 00:49:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, only in 普及版 字通 and vanishingly rare.
2. D* 2023-08-21 20:50:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not in the kokugos or JEs. I see no reason to keep it.
1. A* 2023-08-21 16:22:57  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/栗烈-2871853
普及版 字通 
【栗烈】りつれつ 寒さがきびしい。
【慄冽】りつれつ 寒冷の気の厳しいさま
【慄烈】りつれつ 慄冽。
  Comments:
慄烈 Zero news, zero twitter, no wiktionary, zero wikipedia uses. google book search returns sparse Japanese results, and a pile of Chinese-Japanese dictionaries.

Searched kotobank for りつれつ, lots more kanji. "冽" actually means "cold". 慄烈 (already-present kanji) was the least-common looking in Japanese book results. Ordered based on that.

First page of google results are  dictionaries, quickly falling into actual Chinese (for all three forms).
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,6 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>慄冽</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>栗烈</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +18 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>

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jmdict 1987200 Active (id: 2275136)

ツールドフランスツール・ド・フランス
1. [n] Source lang: fre
▶ Tour de France



History:
3. A 2023-08-21 20:34:40  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
We don't use [sports] for specific tournaments/events.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<field>&sports;</field>
2. A* 2023-08-21 18:22:41  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ ツールドフランス   │  38,264 │ 17.5% │
│ ツール・ド・フランス │ 180,098 │ 82.5% │
╰─ーーーーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
Also already in the names dictionary
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ツール・ド・フランス</reb>
1. A* 2023-08-21 18:17:24  Guillem Palau-Salvà
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<field>&sports;</field>

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jmdict 2075250 Active (id: 2275142)

リターンエースリターン・エース
1. [n] {sports}
▶ return ace (in tennis)
▶ unhittable return



History:
4. A 2023-08-21 21:21:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-08-21 20:38:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, luminous
https://www.sportslingo.com/sports-glossary/r/return-ace/
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/return_ace
  Comments:
Not wasei.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@
-<lsource ls_wasei="y">return ace</lsource>
-<gloss>unhittable return in tennis</gloss>
+<field>&sports;</field>
+<gloss>return ace (in tennis)</gloss>
+<gloss>unhittable return</gloss>
2. A 2013-05-11 11:47:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>リターン・エース</reb>
1. A 2006-02-07 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2075910 Active (id: 2275165)
慄き戦き
おののき
1. [n] [uk]
▶ shudder
▶ shiver
▶ agitation



History:
3. A 2023-08-22 00:45:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
慄き	6666	15.2%
戦き	4539	10.4% <- JEs and kokugos
おののき	32621	74.4%
Unidic points 慄き to 戦く.
  Comments:
The refs all say 戦き but the masses, when using kanji, lean to 慄き.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
2. A* 2023-08-21 16:43:21  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
戦く	2473	13.5%
慄く	4644	25.3%
戦き	4539	24.8%
慄き	6666	36.4%
  Comments:
plentiful yourei examples of both. Definitely fear; "恐れ慄きました。"  Many examples carry furigana. Definitely おののき (over わななき). 

Of the 4, sankoku gives only 戦く.

daijs has 慄く and 戦く, but lists 戦く first. Don't know if we take a prescriptive position here, but "慄" actually means "fear", and wins in practice almost 2-to-1.

on twitter, maybe even 3-to-1 google:
site:twitter.com "恐れ戦き"
vs.
site:twitter.com "恐れ慄き"

Another ngram...
戦かせる	60	0.3%
慄かせる	170	0.9%
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>慄き</keb>
+</k_ele>
1. A 2006-02-07 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2152450 Active (id: 2275157)
蝸牛殻
かぎゅうかく
1. [n] {anatomy}
▶ cochlea
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2858629 蝸牛 2. cochlea



History:
3. A 2023-08-21 23:19:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2858629">蝸牛・2</xref>
2. A 2020-04-07 22:55:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daijr
蝸牛殻	327
蝸牛	72261
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1572070">蝸牛・2</xref>
+<field>&anat;</field>
1. A 2007-03-28 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2261810 Deleted (id: 2275137)

リーターンエース
1. [n] {sports}
▶ return ace (tennis)



History:
3. D 2023-08-21 20:36:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
リーターンエース	0		
リターンエース	3,113
  Comments:
I think this was added in error. We already an entry for リターンエース.
2. A* 2023-08-21 18:02:07  Guillem Palau-Salvà
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<field>&sports;</field>
1. A 2008-02-28 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2424680 Deleted (id: 2275198)
関して
かんして
1. [exp]
《as ...に関して》
▶ regarding ...
▶ concerning ...
▶ about ...
▶ on ...
▶ with respect to ...
▶ in regard to ...
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1009740 に関して 1. regarding ...; concerning ...; about ...; on ...; with respect to ...; in regard to ...



History:
4. D 2023-08-22 10:30:41  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I agree.
3. D* 2023-08-21 23:02:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
に関して	27134896
関して	93006
  Comments:
I think we can drop it.
2. A* 2023-08-21 20:07:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, meikyo
  Comments:
Aligning with に関して. Always used with に. Not sure this entry is needed when we have に関して.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,7 @@
-<gloss>in relation to</gloss>
+<s_inf>as ...に関して</s_inf>
+<gloss>regarding ...</gloss>
+<gloss>concerning ...</gloss>
+<gloss>about ...</gloss>
+<gloss>on ...</gloss>
+<gloss>with respect to ...</gloss>
+<gloss>in regard to ...</gloss>
1. A 2009-02-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2447830 Active (id: 2275536)
真祖
しんそ
1. [n]
▶ (in fiction) person changed into a vampire by magic



History:
4. A 2023-08-25 11:04:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Quiet. I'll close it for now.
3. A* 2023-08-21 00:20:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/真祖
真祖	15233
Not in kokugos, etc.
  Comments:
I think this is closer. We possibly need a category for these.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>true ancestor</gloss>
+<gloss>(in fiction) person changed into a vampire by magic</gloss>
2. A* 2023-08-20 23:32:15 
  Diff:
@@ -14,4 +13,0 @@
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>var. of vampire (in fiction)</gloss>
-</sense>
1. A 2009-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2504150 Active (id: 2275133)

チリコンカンチリコンカーンチリコンカルネチリ・コン・カンチリ・コン・カーンチリ・コン・カルネチリコンカーネ [sk]
1. [n] {food, cooking} Source lang: spa
▶ chili con carne



History:
5. A 2023-08-21 19:09:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
チリコンカン	12,996	73.2%	
チリコンカーン	2,606	14.7%	
チリコンカルネ	2,083	11.7%	
チリコンカーネ	68      0.4%
  Diff:
@@ -14,3 +13,0 @@
-<reb>チリコンカーネ</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -26 +23,2 @@
-<reb>チリ・コン・カーネ</reb>
+<reb>チリコンカーネ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -29,0 +28 @@
+<field>&food;</field>
4. A* 2023-08-21 17:55:01  Guillem Palau-Salvà <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -29,0 +30 @@
+<lsource xml:lang="spa"/>
3. A 2018-05-30 23:11:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
G n-grams:
チリコンカン	12996
チリコンカーン	2606
チリコンカルネ	2083
チリコンカーネ	68
チリ・コン・カン	203
チリ・コン・カーン	177
チリ・コン・カルネ	344
チリ・コン・カーネ	<20
  Comments:
All the EJs say "チリコンカルネ", so interesting it comes last
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,15 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チリコンカーネ</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チリ・コン・カン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チリ・コン・カーン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チリ・コン・カルネ</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チリ・コン・カーネ</reb>
+</r_ele>
2. A* 2018-05-30 06:34:04 
  Refs:
ngrams
チリコンカン	122
チリコンカーン	45
チリコンカルネ	37
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チリコンカン</reb>
+</r_ele>
1. A 2009-07-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2506630 Deleted (id: 2275154)

コンパニオンプラントコンパニオン・プラント
1. [n]
▶ companion plant



History:
3. D 2023-08-21 23:11:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merged
2. A 2013-05-11 07:49:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>コンパニオン・プラント</reb>
1. A 2009-07-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2561160 Active (id: 2275593)

ほんで
1. [conj] Dialect: ksb
▶ and
▶ thereupon
▶ because of that
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1007000 【それで】 1. so; therefore; and; (and) then



History:
5. A 2023-08-26 01:43:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
No followup. Reverting.
  Diff:
@@ -7,3 +6,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ほいで</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -14,2 +11,3 @@
-<gloss>and then</gloss>
-<gloss>so</gloss>
+<gloss>and</gloss>
+<gloss>thereupon</gloss>
+<gloss>because of that</gloss>
4. A* 2023-08-21 23:16:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An edit like this needs reasons and references. If none are provided in the next few days I'll revert the edit.
3. A* 2023-08-21 21:59:01 
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ほいで</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -11,3 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>and</gloss>
-<gloss>thereupon</gloss>
-<gloss>because of that</gloss>
+<gloss>and then</gloss>
+<gloss>so</gloss>
2. A 2010-07-24 08:02:12  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
yeah, it's ksb
1. A* 2010-07-24 00:31:38  Brandon Kentel <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
http://www.weblio.jp/content/ほんで
  Comments:
I'm pretty sure this isn't strictly limited to Osaka, so I marked it ksb.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2577250 Active (id: 2275158)
でで虫出出虫
ででむし
1. [n] [uk]
▶ snail
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2858630 【でんでんむし】 1. snail



History:
7. A 2023-08-21 23:21:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2858630">でんでんむし</xref>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
6. A 2023-08-20 23:24:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-08-20 17:01:37  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr: カタツムリの異名。でんでんむし。
smk: 〔東北・北陸・関西と鹿児島方言〕かたつむり。

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────╮
│ ででむし   │  1,140 │
│ でで虫    │    704 │
│ 出出虫    │     81 │
│ でんでんむし │ 52,824 │
│ でんでん虫  │ 25,619 │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────╯
  Comments:
Shinmeikai says it's dialectal. Presumably not archaic.
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<xref type="see" seq="1572070">でんでんむし・1</xref>
4. A 2012-02-13 10:59:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2012-02-13 10:27:39  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
406,000 でで虫
210,000 出出虫
 57,100 ででむし
     19 出々虫
  Comments:
* Add kanji
(Seems to be often written in kanji/mazegaki.)
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>でで虫</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>出出虫</keb>
+</k_ele>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2587970 Active (id: 2275152)

コンパニオンアニマルコンパニオン・アニマル
1. [n]
▶ companion animal
▶ pet
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1120990 ペット 1. pet
  ⇐ see: 2722730 伴侶動物【はんりょどうぶつ】 1. companion animal; pet



History:
5. A 2023-08-21 23:07:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, quite unrelated.
4. A* 2023-08-21 18:01:31  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
伴侶動物	5691	25.2%
コンパニオンアニマル	16757	74.1%
コンパニオンプラント	154	0.7%
  Comments:
A first for everything, I'm deleting an xref.  Companion Animal -> Companion Plant?

Also, "companion plant" is an agricultural term (I've edited the entry). No apparent relation.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2506630">コンパニオンプラント</xref>
3. A 2013-05-11 07:49:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>コンパニオン・アニマル</reb>
2. A 2010-10-14 00:49:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Eijiro too.
  Diff:
@@ -10,1 +10,1 @@
-<xref type="see">ペット</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1120990">ペット・1</xref>
1. A* 2010-10-14 00:30:03  Scott
  Refs:
wiki

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jmdict 2669960 Active (id: 2275153)

コンパニオンプランツコンパニオン・プランツコンパニオンプラント [sk]
1. [n] {agriculture}
▶ companion plants
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2669970 随伴植物【ずいはんしょくぶつ】 1. companion plants



History:
4. A 2023-08-21 23:10:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
コンパニオンプランツ	18046	99.2%
コンパニオンプラント	154	0.8%
コンパニオン・プラント	0
  Comments:
I'm merging コンパニオンプラント as a search-only here. I don't think it needs to be a solo entry.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>コンパニオンプラント</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3. A* 2023-08-21 18:02:34  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
the wikipedia xref is "Companion Planting", but I think the current gloss is correct(except maybe pluralization). 

I guess it takes two plants to be companions of each other, so maybe the plural is justified.  the xref into here (随伴植物) is already plural.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>companion plant</gloss>
+<field>&agric;</field>
+<gloss>companion plants</gloss>
2. A 2011-12-01 22:56:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, KOD追加語彙
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>コンパニオン・プランツ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -9,1 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>companion planting</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2669970">随伴植物・ずいはんしょくぶつ</xref>
+<gloss>companion plant</gloss>
1. A* 2011-12-01 22:46:56  Scott
  Refs:
wiki

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jmdict 2669970 Active (id: 2275151)
随伴植物
ずいはんしょくぶつ
1. [n] {agriculture}
▶ companion plants
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2669960 コンパニオンプランツ 1. companion plants



History:
4. A 2023-08-21 23:04:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-08-21 18:02:55  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<field>&agric;</field>
2. A 2011-12-01 22:59:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-12-01 22:53:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2826227 Active (id: 2275116)
茹で上がる茹であがるゆで上がる茹で上る [sK]
ゆであがるうであがる [sk]
1. [v5r,vi]
▶ to be completely boiled
▶ to be sufficiently boiled

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2023-08-21 17:05:37  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Corresponding x-ref removed from 茹で上げる.
  Diff:
@@ -27 +26,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2826226">茹で上げる</xref>
4. A 2023-08-19 02:36:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5: be 「well [sufficiently, completely] boiled; be boiled to a turn.
茹で上る	27	0.1%
ゆであがる	4121	13.3%
うであがる	0	0.0%
  Comments:
GG5 can be a bit old-fashioned. I think we can make うであがる just searchable and drop the restrictions.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -21,3 +22 @@
-<re_restr>茹で上がる</re_restr>
-<re_restr>茹であがる</re_restr>
-<re_restr>茹で上る</re_restr>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -29,0 +29 @@
+<gloss>to be sufficiently boiled</gloss>
3. A* 2023-08-17 05:27:28  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Never heard of "boiled to a turn". Googled and found principally references to J-E dictionaries based on this entry.  Zero twitter hits. Scrolling through google results, you'll find just a couple of modern native-English uses.

Google book results yield examples from the 1850s~1950s.  I'm sure some people have encountered the expression in literature, or grown up with it, but it seems too niche to warrant inclusion here. Especially since 茹で上げる is commonplace.
  Diff:
@@ -30 +29,0 @@
-<gloss>to be boiled to a turn</gloss>
2. A 2014-12-05 05:36:52  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij
(who don't explicitly mention うであがる)
http://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/茹であ%E
3%81%8C%E3%82%8B
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>茹で上る</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -14,0 +18,6 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>うであがる</reb>
+<re_restr>茹で上がる</re_restr>
+<re_restr>茹であがる</re_restr>
+<re_restr>茹で上る</re_restr>
1. A* 2014-12-05 03:05:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, n-grams, recent JT article.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2834318 Active (id: 2296094)
二人は伴侶、三人は仲間割れ二人は伴侶三人は仲間割れ [sK]
ふたりははんりょ、さんにんはなかまわれ
1. [exp] [proverb]
▶ two is a company, three is a crowd
▶ one companion is better than two



History:
5. A 2024-03-26 18:28:15  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijirin has this expression with a comma.
  Comments:
https://github.com/JMdictProject/JMdictIssues/issues/122
Adding commas to readings to align with kanji forms.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11 +12 @@
-<reb>ふたりははんりょさんにんはなかまわれ</reb>
+<reb>ふたりははんりょ、さんにんはなかまわれ</reb>
4. A 2023-08-21 22:44:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijisen: https://kotobank.jp/word/二人は伴侶、三人は仲間割れ-618865
  Comments:
>> jmdict does not aim to collect every random calque of western idioms

True, but we are usually comfortable having entries based on ones in major kokugos.
The entry causes no damage; is not misleading, etc., etc. JMdict is not being improved by trying to delete these sorts of entries.
3. D* 2023-08-21 19:11:34  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
仲間割れ	40891	99.8%
二人は伴侶	0	0.0%
ふたりは伴侶	0	0.0%
人は伴侶	95	0.2%

Explanation of the English idiom to Japanese people. Doesn't use this phrasing(because it's not Japanese, and has no explanatory power for Japanese people):
https://www.shane.co.jp/column/detail/id=18928
Two is company, three is a crowd.(2人なら仲間、3人は群衆)
「2人でいると親密な関係を楽しめるのに、3人では仲間割れが起こってしまう」という意味です。
  Comments:
My quixotic adventure continues.  daijs protects vocabulary, I get that.  But jmdict does not aim to collect every random calque of western idioms...

Based on a google book search, this showed up in a kotowaza book in the 1970s and made it into daijs(From which Marcus added it in 2018). Almost certainly someone's literal translation of the English equivalent. It has gained no traction. It is present nowhere(save for a couple kotowaza dictionaries, and one privately published test-prep book, below).

"仲間割れ" is common (and has a jmdict entry), "3人(で)は仲間割れ" appears by chance(still rare). Explanations of the English idiom use something like "2人は良い連れ".  "get along well".  No one uses "伴侶" for this.

It should be deleted because it serves no purpose here.  It will never be encountered in the wild, if it is encountered, its meaning is self-evident, and most importantly, no English speaker should use it and expect to be understood.  Marking this "rare" just leaves a trap for people who look up "伴侶" and stumble into it. (or who look up "two is company"). 

By chance the one place it pops up is a Tokyo University question booklet that asks, "give two idioms with the same number and connection". 
Q26 「二人は伴侶三人は仲間割れ」ということわざでの数字と関連があることわざを 2 つ挙げよ。ヒント...
Here is that book:
私の東大クイズ
https://www.google.co.jp/books/edition/私の東大クイズ_3/ib4MAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq="二人は伴侶、三人は仲間割れ"&pg=SL17-PA26&printsec=frontcover

Note, the book doesn't expect the student to know the idiom.  It's just used as fodder to prompt for an actual Japanese idiom.

The book is not published by the university.  It's got two reviews and 1 star on Amazon. Reviews say it's garbage.

https://www.amazon.co.jp/私の東大クイズ―悩みから生まれた305問-鍾-非/dp/4780706254
2. A 2018-01-21 07:03:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-01-18 05:54:42  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2849227 Active (id: 2276100)
充填豆腐充塡豆腐 [sK]
じゅうてんとうふじゅうてんどうふ
1. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ jūten tofu
▶ [expl] (silken) tofu formed directly in its own packaging



History:
6. A 2023-09-02 01:34:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't like the "formed directly in its own packaging" as it implies the processing takes place there, and it doesn't - it just sets there. But I really can't think of a succinct way of expressing that.
5. A* 2023-08-21 15:25:58  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Thank you, yes, wordiness is an ongoing weakness. Though I'm becoming a mini-expert on all kinds of random topics...

Having researched and written so much, I really tried for a more concise [expl].  It's just not easy.

I've made a second suggestion of just cribbing the wikipedia note.  At least it "suggests" what's special about juten vs. other tofus. (traditionally formed in large blocks, cut into small blocks, and placed into containers with water added).

"tofu in sealed packaging" has somewhat the same issue as "packaged". All varieties of grocery-store tofu are sold in sealed packaging. It's just a question of when the sealing happens. The defining aspect of this tofu is that it is uncongealed/liquid when sealed into the container.

The gloss would be simpler if tofu was "cooked". ("tofu cooked in sealed packaging").  Unfortunately, this isn't considered cooking. I haven't found a concise, unambiguous English word that works. (set, set up, congealed, hardened, coagulated). 

"tofu coagulated in its own packaging" is correct, it just looks kind of offputting...  

"formed" seems as good as anything.
  Diff:
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">(silken) tofu in sealed packaging</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">(silken) tofu formed directly in its own packaging</gloss>
4. A 2023-08-21 12:30:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://delishkitchen.tv/articles/887#contents2
充填豆腐	2089
  Comments:
Nice (if over-wordy) analysis. I think this simpler gloss works.
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -21,2 +21 @@
-<gloss>juten tofu</gloss>
-<gloss g_type="expl">(silken) tofu heated and formed within its own sealed packaging</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">(silken) tofu in sealed packaging</gloss>
3. A* 2023-08-21 10:54:57  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
A modest history of the development of this product:
Uses: Packaged lactone silken tofu (juten-dofu)...("filled tofu")
https://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/tofu7.php

"Soyfoods", winter 1982
https://www.google.co.jp/books/edition/Soyfoods_Winter_1982/UF1u8rg1jLcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq="juten+tofu"+"filled"&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover
The Japan Packaged Tofu Association... handles the growing sector that produces "lactone silken tofu"(juten dofu), literally "filled tofu, heat coagulated, formed in the package"... juten has captured 10% of the market.

How it's made:
充填とうふができるまで
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRQ4vFa46z4

The form without rendaku seems to be preferred by manufacturers (and ngrams).  Google 充填とうふ vs 充填どうふ. Some example of 充填とうふ:
http://machida-shokuhin.co.jp/lineup/zyuuten.html
https://www.kyotofu.co.jp/itemlist/item_cat/fill
https://www.i-love-tofu.jp/umayakko

One example of 充填豆腐 as sold in the west.  Morinaga was one of the original developers and exporters of the technology.  All exported Morinaga tofu is 充填豆腐.  It simply is not labeled in any remarkable way whatsoever. (except "long shelf life", which is particular to Morinaga and not required. Grocery 充填豆腐 is good for ~2 weeks).
https://morinaganutrition.com/products/mori-nu-silken-tofu-extra-firm

https://www.japanesefoodguide.com/types-of-tofu/
Jūten tōfu (Long shelf-life pasteurized tofu)
Jūten tōfu (充填豆腐, じゅうてん・どうふ) is pasteurized, and is heated then cooled in its packaging. It usually comes packaged in paper cartons or comes vacuum-packed, and has a longer shelf-life than regular packaged tofu.

https://www.likejapan.com.au/column/food-culture/tofu.html
Most of the tōfu sold in supermarkets is generally jūten-tōfu, also known as jūten-kinugoshi-tōfu. This type of tōfu is made by adding setting agents to cooled tōnyū and pouring it directly into a package before heating it to make it set

https://www.justonecookbook.com/tofu-the-nutrient-rich-superfood/
Jyuten (Juten) tofu is shelf-stable kinu tofu, packaged without water. It’s made by the soybeans and nigari mixture seal packed and cooled in the container to harden. 

Here's an example of an English translation of a Japanese product in the Japanese market:
https://eng.topvalu.net/items/detail/4549741779975/
Name	juten tofu (filled tofu)
Ingredients	soybean(Canada)

充填豆腐	2089	94.1%
充塡豆腐	0	0.0%
充填とうふ	132	5.9%
充塡とうふ	0	0.0%
充填どうふ	0	0.0%
充塡どうふ	0	0.0%

The *only* mention wikipedia English gives is an aside in the "coagulants" section:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu
Glucono delta-lactone (GDL):... Using GDL as a coagulant, silken tofu can be formed directly in its container, as it does not require pressing
  Comments:
wikipedia.jp claims an English gloss of "packaged tofu", but this is a bit silly.  All tofu in the grocery store is "packaged".  Google "packaged tofu" yields nothing on this.

There is literally no adequate English gloss. In the west this product is called... "tofu". Or marketed as just-another "silken tofu".

"jūten tofu" yields the most useful search responses (both google and google book search).

I had added a [lit] gloss of "packed tofu" ("filled tofu" also possible).  But this is 1. literal/derivable, and 2. all-but-useless.

refs. suggest non-rendaku reading is the most accepted. じゅうてんとうふ

充塡豆腐 appears in reputable sources. (and 充塡 is just a less common alt. of 充填).

It seems to be called 充填 because the tofu completely fills its packaging. It's basically airtight, vs. traditional tofu cut from large blocks, with each block floating in water.

I bought a pack of 充填豆腐. Maybe 6 brands to choose from. Labeled on the front as silken tofu (絹ごし豆腐), "nutritional info/legal name" 名称 for all products states: 充填豆腐

If you want to be really crazy with glosses, the 1982 "Soyfoods Industry Directory & Databook" called this "packaged lactone silken tofu" (vs. bagged lactone silken tofu).  "lactone", or GDL(Glucono-delta-lactone), is the coagulant, but it isn't unique to this product either.
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,7 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>充塡豆腐</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>じゅうてんとうふ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -13 +20,3 @@
-<gloss>packaged tofu</gloss>
+<gloss>jūten tofu</gloss>
+<gloss>juten tofu</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">(silken) tofu heated and formed within its own sealed packaging</gloss>
2. A 2021-05-21 11:28:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Wiki: 今日、豆腐は木綿豆腐、ソフト豆腐、絹ごし豆腐、充填豆腐の4種に大別される
  Comments:
Not the usual meaning of 充填. WWW images seem mostly to be of pre-packaged tofu. I suspect Eijiro's "filled tofu" is a bit off.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>filled tofu</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2858607 Active (id: 2275111)
法人用
ほうじんよう
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ for corporate use
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1264950 個人用 1. for personal use



History:
2. A 2023-08-21 12:40:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
個人用  169968
  Comments:
I'm not sure this A+B entry is needed, but with 個人用 already an entry, I guess they make a pair.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1264950">個人用</xref>
1. A* 2023-08-17 01:25:37  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://www.itscom.co.jp/forbiz/column/office-environment/4460/
  Comments:
法人用	20073
Often contrasted with 個人用.

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jmdict 2858613 Deleted (id: 2275199)
現実を見る
げんじつをみる
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to face reality

Conjugations


History:
3. D 2023-08-22 10:30:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I agree.
2. D* 2023-08-21 23:19:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
This is a fairly obvious nounをverb expression. I don't think it's needed as an entry.
1. A* 2023-08-17 12:56:14 

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jmdict 2858626 Active (id: 2275091)
越え
ごえ
1. [suf]
《after the name of a mountain, province, etc.》
▶ (crossing) over ...



History:
2. A 2023-08-21 01:23:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-08-21 00:09:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, luminous, daij, meiyko

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2858627 Active (id: 2276457)

ブラウンノイズブラウン・ノイズ
1. [n] {physics}
▶ Brown noise
▶ Brownian noise
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1967790 ブラウン運動 1. Brownian motion



History:
4. A 2023-09-06 12:08:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The various noises are marked that way.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see">ブラウン運動・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1967790">ブラウン運動</xref>
+<field>&physics;</field>
3. A* 2023-09-05 09:53:52 
  Refs:
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/23/well/mind/brown-noise.html
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_noise
  Comments:
I think tagging it physics would be confusing. White noise isn't tagged like that.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1967790">ブラウン運動</xref>
-<field>&physics;</field>
+<xref type="see">ブラウン運動・1</xref>
+<gloss>Brown noise</gloss>
2. A* 2023-09-05 03:48:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ブラウニアンノイズ
ブラウニアンノイズ	0
ブラウンノイズ	108
ブラウン・ノイズ	0
ブラウニアン	0
  Comments:
Should probably be ブラウニアンノイズ, which gets 0 n-grams but similar Googits. Could have its own entry.
  Diff:
@@ -6 +5,0 @@
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -13 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>brown noise</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1967790">ブラウン運動</xref>
+<field>&physics;</field>
+<gloss>Brownian noise</gloss>
1. A* 2023-08-21 00:17:30 

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jmdict 2858628 Active (id: 2275160)
内もも内腿内股
うちもも
1. [n]
▶ inner thigh
▶ inside of the thigh



History:
2. A 2023-08-21 23:39:07  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
内股	86,833	 - also うちまた
内もも	19,550		
内腿	16,911
  Comments:
内股になる would always be うちまたになる.
I think 内もも and 内腿 are the most common forms for this reading. In most cases, 内股 is うちまた. GG5 and NHK Accent don't even have 内股 for うちもも.
  Diff:
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>内股</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +9,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>内股</keb>
1. A 2023-08-21 06:05:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
内股になっ	2629	95.1%
内またになっ	135	4.9%
内ももになっ	0	0.0%
内腿になっ	0	0.0%
  Comments:
Split from 1582500.

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jmdict 2858629 Active (id: 2275147)
蝸牛
かぎゅう
1. [n]
▶ snail
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1572070 【カタツムリ】 1. snail
2. [n] {anatomy}
▶ cochlea
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2152450 蝸牛殻【かぎゅうかく】 1. cochlea



History:
2. A 2023-08-21 22:53:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-08-21 17:10:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Split from 1572070.

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jmdict 2858630 Active (id: 2275141)
でんでん虫蝸牛 [rK]
でんでんむし
1. [n] [uk]
▶ snail
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1572070 【カタツムリ】 1. snail
  ⇐ see: 2577250 でで虫【ででむし】 1. snail



History:
2. A 2023-08-21 21:20:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-08-21 17:10:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
でんでんむし	52,824		
でんでん虫	25,619
  Comments:
Split from 1572070.

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jmdict 2858631 Active (id: 2275170)
舞舞蛾 [rK] 舞々蛾 [sK]
まいまいがマイマイガ (nokanji)
1. [n] [uk]
▶ gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
▶ spongy moth



History:
2. A 2023-08-22 00:57:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-08-21 23:58:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, luminous, daij, koj
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymantria_dispar
舞舞蛾	        0	0.0%	
舞々蛾	        21	0.3%	
まいまいが	4,495	56.6%	
マイマイガ	3,431	43.2%

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jmnedict 5062561 Active (id: 2275101)

バイエル [spec1]
1. [surname]
▶ Bayer
▶ Bajer
2. [company]
▶ Bayer AG



History:
4. A 2023-08-21 06:09:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-08-21 05:33:01  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Wikipedia and the official website just have "AG"
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft</gloss>
+<gloss>Bayer AG</gloss>
2. A 2023-05-08 23:46:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
1. A 2015-07-26 06:04:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>
+<gloss>Bayer</gloss>
@@ -10,0 +12,4 @@
+<sense>
+<misc>&company;</misc>
+<gloss>Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft</gloss>
+</sense>

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