JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1200510 Active (id: 2272088)
懐く
【なつく；なずく [ok] ；なづく [ok] 】

1.

[v5k,vi] [uk]
▶ to become attached (to)
▶ to take (to)
▶ to become affectionate (with)
▶ to be tamed
▶ to get close (e.g. to someone emotionally)
▶ to become intimate (with)

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2023-06-26 14:49:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	If you are proposing additional glosses without supporting material it's not a good idea to put them at the front.
	Diff:	@@ -22,2 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>to get close (e.g. to someone emotionally)</gloss> -<gloss>to become intimate (with)</gloss> @@ -27,0 +26,2 @@ +<gloss>to get close (e.g. to someone emotionally)</gloss> +<gloss>to become intimate (with)</gloss>
7.	A* 2023-06-26 08:44:55
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22,2 @@ +<gloss>to get close (e.g. to someone emotionally)</gloss> +<gloss>to become intimate (with)</gloss>
6.	A 2021-02-21 20:21:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2021-02-21 14:22:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, ウィズダム, meikyo
	Comments:	Not sure why that x-ref was added. Not transitive.
	Diff:	@@ -20,2 +20 @@ -<pos>&vt;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1200490">懐かしい</xref> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -23 +22 @@ -<gloss>to become emotionally attached (to)</gloss> +<gloss>to become attached (to)</gloss> @@ -24,0 +24,2 @@ +<gloss>to become affectionate (with)</gloss> +<gloss>to be tamed</gloss>
4.	A 2018-01-08 02:38:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2018-01-02 10:29:05 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	chujiten
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>to become emotionally attached</gloss> +<gloss>to become emotionally attached (to)</gloss> +<gloss>to take (to)</gloss>
2.	A 2011-11-04 05:27:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-11-04 05:07:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daijr, daijs
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,8 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>なずく</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>なづく</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>

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jmdict 1245950 Active (id: 2272090)
空白 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
【くうはく [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.	[n] ▶ blank space (in a document)
2.	[n,adj-no,adj-na] ▶ blank ▶ void ▶ gap ▶ vacuum
3.	[n] {computing} ▶ whitespace

History:

7.	A 2023-06-26 15:00:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've added an alternative translation.
6.	A* 2023-06-25 11:00:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 https://timetotravel.space/space_blank_diff/ https://qiita.com/Yasutaka7/items/efd9722b977f735a6edd https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/空白文字
	Comments:	I think the translation is wrong. 空白 does not mean "null".
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>blank space (in documents)</gloss> +<gloss>blank space (in a document)</gloss> @@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -24 +23 @@ -<gloss>vacuum</gloss> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -26,0 +26,2 @@ +<gloss>gap</gloss> +<gloss>vacuum</gloss> @@ -31,2 +32 @@ -<gloss>space character</gloss> -<gloss>null</gloss> +<gloss>whitespace</gloss>
5.	A* 2023-06-25 08:47:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 has a third sense; maybe it could go there. They're not really the same thing. The sentence will need reindexing.
	Diff:	@@ -27,0 +28,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&comp;</field> +<gloss>space character</gloss> +<gloss>null</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A* 2023-06-24 05:55:06 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://jisho.org/word/空白
	Comments:	The Tanaka sentence associated with sense 1 has to do with null in the computing sense. Is that one of its meanings?
3.	A 2020-05-23 06:06:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update: Adjusting POS details -- via bulkupd.py --
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2020-01-08 03:29:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-01-08 03:24:21 Opencooper
	Refs:	* GG5 * chuujiten * daijs * meikyo <- only marks second sense as 形動
	Comments:	Splitting into two sections as the refs do. Btw, the second sense seems to be used figuratively.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,4 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>blank space (in documents)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -20 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>blank space</gloss> @@ -22,2 +25,2 @@ -<gloss>space</gloss> -<gloss>null (NUL)</gloss> +<gloss>blank</gloss> +<gloss>void</gloss>

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jmdict 1265460 Active (id: 2272086)
古事記
【こじき；ふることふみ】

1.

[n]
▶ Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE)
▶ Records of Ancient Matters

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1795400 記紀【きき】 1. the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki (earliest historical records of Japan)
	⇐ see: 1223130 記【き】 3. Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE); Records of Ancient Matters

History:

6.	A 2023-06-26 14:44:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-06-25 14:19:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 AD)</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE)</gloss>
4.	A* 2023-06-25 10:33:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj: 現存する日本最古の歴史書。 daijr: 歴史書。三巻。712年成立。[...] 現存する我が国最古の歴史書であり，天皇統治の由来と王権による国家発展の歴史を説く。
	Comments:	This might be a better description.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 AD)</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 08:38:36
	Comments:	not sure that's correct, though?
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Kojiki</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> @@ -17 +16,0 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">Japan's oldest historical record</gloss>
2.	A 2020-05-08 22:52:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>The Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki</gloss> @@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss g_type="expl">Japan's oldest historical record</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2020-05-08 21:35:27 Opencooper
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>Records of Ancient Matters (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>The Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>Records of Ancient Matters</gloss>

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jmdict 1372800 Active (id: 2272091)
随分 [ichi1,news2,nf30] ；ずい分；隨分 [oK]
【ずいぶん [ichi1,news2,nf30] 】

1.	[adv,adv-to] [uk] ▶ very ▶ extremely ▶ surprisingly ▶ fairly ▶ quite ▶ considerably ▶ awfully ▶ terribly
2.	[adj-na] [uk] ▶ terrible ▶ horrid ▶ contemptible ▶ reprehensible
3.	[adj-na] [uk] ▶ remarkable ▶ extraordinary

History:

12.	A 2023-06-26 15:01:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2023-06-26 08:41:54 Marcus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	kenkyuusha
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +30,2 @@ +<gloss>fairly</gloss> +<gloss>quite</gloss>
10.	A 2018-04-15 00:44:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2018-04-06 10:56:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 daijs: "ふさわしい程度を超えているさま。また、いちじるしいさま。並でないさま。過分。相当。「随分な御見舞をいただきました」「貯金も随分な額になった」" meikyo: "並でないさま。いちじるしいさま。「寄付金が─な額になった」"
	Comments:	More glosses. Daijs and meikyo have a second [adj-na] sense.
	Diff:	@@ -30,0 +31,2 @@ +<gloss>awfully</gloss> +<gloss>terribly</gloss> @@ -34,0 +37,2 @@ +<gloss>terrible</gloss> +<gloss>horrid</gloss> @@ -37,0 +42,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>remarkable</gloss> +<gloss>extraordinary</gloss> +</sense>
8.	A 2015-05-31 06:57:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it would be too.
	Diff:	@@ -33,0 +34 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2015-05-18 19:28:27
	Refs:	n-grams 随分 140478 ずい分 1859 隨分 677 ずいぶん 163154 随分な 1193 ずいぶんな 1016
	Comments:	not sure about sense 2
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
6.	A 2013-07-30 06:37:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2013-07-30 06:18:22 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	n-grams
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ずい分</keb>
4.	A 2010-12-15 03:03:29 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	the PoS is okay. it's an omission on that page. passed the message on to the powers that be
3.	A* 2010-12-15 02:56:54
	Comments:	This entry is classified as "adv-to", but as far as I can see "adv-to" is not mentioned at http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/wwwjdicinf.html#code_tag
2.	A 2010-09-08 16:33:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-09-08 07:36:55 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>隨分</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1388080 Active (id: 2272087)
先代 [news1,nf18]
【せんだい [news1,nf18] 】

1.	[n] ▶ previous generation (of a family) ▶ previous head of the family ▶ one's (late) father
2.	[n] ▶ predecessor
3.	[n] ▶ previous age ▶ previous generation

History:

4.	A 2023-06-26 14:44:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 19:44:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, daij
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>previous generation (e.g. one's parents)</gloss> -<gloss>family predecessor</gloss> +<gloss>previous generation (of a family)</gloss> +<gloss>previous head of the family</gloss> +<gloss>one's (late) father</gloss> @@ -25,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>previous generation</gloss>
2.	A 2017-12-22 09:11:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-12-19 08:47:58 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>previous generation (e.g. one's parents)</gloss> @@ -16,0 +18,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>predecessor</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -18 +25,0 @@ -<gloss>previous generation</gloss>

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jmdict 1421110 Active (id: 2272084)
地誌 [spec2,news2,nf45]
【ちし [spec2,news2,nf45] 】

1.

[n]
▶ topography
▶ geographical description

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:42:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 08:48:08 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>geographical description</gloss>

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jmdict 1552510 Active (id: 2272135)
流入 [news1,nf10]
【りゅうにゅう [news1,nf10] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ inflow
▶ influx

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2023-06-27 11:18:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"afflux" is archaic according to Oxford. The JEs don't have it.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>afflux</gloss>
3.	A 2023-06-26 23:25:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5. 中辞典 has 2 senses.
2.	A* 2023-06-26 10:27:48
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>inflow</gloss>
1.	A 2021-12-29 14:36:23 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1567480 Active (id: 2272089)
ねじ曲げる；捻じ曲げる；捩じ曲げる [rK] ；捩曲げる [sK] ；捻曲げる [sK]
【ねじまげる】

1.	[v1,vt] ▶ to bend by twisting ▶ to twist ▶ to contort
2.	[v1,vt] ▶ to distort (e.g. the truth) ▶ to twist (e.g. someone's words)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-06-26 14:50:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-06-25 17:17:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, meikyo ねじ曲げ 36,026 38.9% 捻じ曲げ 44,803 48.3% 捩じ曲げ 1,338 1.4% 捩曲げ 302 0.3% 捻曲げ 107 0.1% ねじまげ 10,132 10.9%
	Comments:	Splitting into senses.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -17,0 +20 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -24,0 +28 @@ +<gloss>to bend by twisting</gloss> @@ -26 +30,7 @@ -<gloss>to distort</gloss> +<gloss>to contort</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to distort (e.g. the truth)</gloss> +<gloss>to twist (e.g. someone's words)</gloss>
4.	A 2016-10-31 13:15:08 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-10-23 23:49:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 捻じ曲げる 10289 ねじ曲げる 44302 捩じ曲げる 245 捩曲げる 63 捻曲げる 23 ねじまげる 1994
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>捻じ曲げる</keb> +<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb> +<keb>捻じ曲げる</keb> @@ -14,0 +15,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>捻曲げる</keb>
2.	A 2013-06-19 08:10:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-06-19 05:08:01 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs, nikk hits
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>捻じ曲げる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,3 +15,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb>

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jmdict 1736070 Active (id: 2272145)
船台
【せんだい】

1.

[n]
▶ building berth (for ships)
▶ stocks
▶ slipway

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2858215 造船台【ぞうせんだい】 1. shipway; slipway

History:

2.	A 2023-06-27 13:25:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 23:52:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, wisdom, daij
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>(shipbuilding) berth</gloss> +<gloss>building berth (for ships)</gloss> +<gloss>stocks</gloss> +<gloss>slipway</gloss>

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jmdict 1777690 Active (id: 2272092)
積ん読 [news1,nf07] ；積読；つん読
【つんどく [news1,nf07] 】

1.	[n,vs] ▶ buying books and not reading them ▶ stockpiling books ▶ tsundoku
2.	[n] ▶ books bought but not read

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2023-06-26 15:06:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	That is not putting a case for the amendments. Reverting to the previous version.
	Diff:	@@ -23,2 +23 @@ -<pos>&vi;</pos> -<gloss>buying books without reading them</gloss> +<gloss>buying books and not reading them</gloss> @@ -26,0 +26,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>books bought but not read</gloss>
11.	A* 2023-06-25 13:23:44
	Comments:	Reason: it's an improvement?
10.	A* 2023-06-25 08:27:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	An edit like this needs to be accompanied by reasons for the changes.
9.	A* 2023-06-22 19:31:45
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>buying books and not reading them</gloss> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>buying books without reading them</gloss> @@ -26,4 +26,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>books bought but not read</gloss>
8.	A 2020-05-09 02:45:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsundoku https://bigthink.com/personal-growth/do-i-own-too-many-books https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-that-are-us-the-art-of-tsundoku/article27375453.ece
	Comments:	I think it may have just got over the line in terms of being used in English.
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2020-05-08 23:59:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Isn't that just because it's considered an amusing word to non-Japanese speakers? I don't think "tsundoku" is actually used in English except to explain the meaning of it.
6.	A 2020-05-08 23:06:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-05-08 21:45:33 Opencooper
	Comments:	Romanization has currency.
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25 @@ +<gloss>tsundoku</gloss>
4.	A 2016-02-16 22:21:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams.
	Comments:	The counts show 積読 is in fact the most common form, but I am suspicious.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>つん読</keb>
3.	A* 2016-02-16 16:04:55
	Refs:	http://zokugo-dict.com/18tu/tundoku.htm
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>積読</keb>
2.	A 2015-11-25 03:32:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>stockpiling books</gloss> @@ -20 +22 @@ -<gloss>books you buy but don't read</gloss> +<gloss>books bought but not read</gloss>
1.	A* 2015-11-20 18:51:23 phil <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.tofugu.com/2015/10/15/tsundoku-japanese-word/ http://www.safaribooksonline.com/blog/2015/08/07/the-tsundoku-support-club/
	Comments:	I've run across the word as a noun to describe the books themselves, and not just the act of buying them (as at the referenced links).
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>books you buy but don't read</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1854500 Active (id: 2272144)
天網恢恢疎にして漏らさず
【てんもうかいかいそにしてもらさず】

1.

[exp] [proverb]
《from Laozi》
▶ heaven's net has large meshes, but nothing escapes

History:

6.	A 2023-06-27 13:23:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	On reflection, I agree.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<misc>&quote;</misc> +<misc>&proverb;</misc>
5.	A* 2023-06-27 00:42:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i don't think [quote] makes sense here? Just because a proverb can be attested to someone/somewhere doesn't mean it's not a proverb.
4.	A 2023-06-26 23:23:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-06-26 17:58:57 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Sankoku, meikyo, and daijirin attribute this to Laozi Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬───────╮ │ 天網恢々疎にして │ 0 │ │ 天網恢恢疎にして │ 4,020 │ ╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<misc>&proverb;</misc> +<misc>&quote;</misc> +<s_inf>from Laozi</s_inf>
2.	A 2018-05-21 12:45:38 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"The Chicago Manual of Style and the AP Stylebook both have these words as lowercase. And if you're deeply religious, well sorry, but one of the few Liturgical style guides I have seen also has it as lowercase. The only time you would capitalize Heaven and Hell is if these were distinct places, say in a work of fiction."
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Heaven's net has large meshes, but nothing escapes</gloss> +<gloss>heaven's net has large meshes, but nothing escapes</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2017-12-05 08:02:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&proverb;</misc>

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jmdict 1937590 Active (id: 2272098)
受講者
【じゅこうしゃ】

1.

[n]
▶ person attending a lecture
▶ student (taking a class, course, etc.)
▶ participant

History:

4.	A 2023-06-26 21:52:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>participant (in a class, lecture, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>person attending a lecture</gloss> +<gloss>student (taking a class, course, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>participant</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 23:57:27
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12 @@ -<gloss>member (of a class)</gloss> -<gloss>trainee</gloss> -<gloss>participant</gloss> +<gloss>participant (in a class, lecture, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-29 17:44:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-29 08:23:44
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<gloss>a participant</gloss> +<gloss>participant</gloss>

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jmdict 2082530 Active (id: 2272131)
理科離れ
【りかばなれ】

1.

[n]
▶ declining interest in the natural sciences (among youth)

History:

7.	A 2023-06-27 10:11:14 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>rikabanare</gloss>
6.	A 2023-06-27 08:56:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I noticed that 3 of the references quoted by Opencooper used the romanized term. Usually the reason we add it as a gloss is because it is being used in English text. I felt it may be useful, but feel free to delete it (it doesn't get anything in the English n-grams).
5.	A* 2023-06-27 00:44:21 Marcus Richert
	Comments:	What's the case for including "rikabanare" as a gloss? I don't think it makes much sense.
4.	A 2023-06-26 23:17:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Probably worth including the romanization.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>rikabanare</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-23 11:37:37
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>declining interest in the natural sciences among youth</gloss> +<gloss>declining interest in the natural sciences (among youth)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2023-06-23 00:41:14 Opencooper
	Refs:	* prog: 長い間，性役割に基づく教育が女子の理科離れの原因であった For a long time, education based on gender roles alienated girls from the study [world] of science. * "A topic of great concern in Japan today is the phenomenon of rikabanare - a turning-away from scientific study among the younger generation." (https://www.kahaku.go.jp/english/userguide/support/special/index.html) * "The strong disfavor and unwillingness to study natural sciences prevailed among a large portion of students (so-called Rikabanare in Japanese)…" (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07680207/) * "Japanese policy-makers, academics, and journalists often attribute the shortage to rikabanare, a compound word meaning roughly 'withdrawal from science' that refers to the diminishing interest in science and technology among young Japanese." (https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eaf/ToBeArchived/The-Japanese-Entrepreneur-Feigenbaum-and-Brunner-2002.pdf) * "the declining interest among Japanese students for studying in STEM fields (rikabanare)" (https://www.jftc.or.jp/discourse/archives/2015/pdf/201503.pdf)
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>science phobia</gloss> +<gloss>declining interest in the natural sciences among youth</gloss>
1.	A 2006-04-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2195640 Active (id: 2272100)

モナド

1.

[n] {philosophy,computing}
▶ monad

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1953650 単子【たんし】 1. monad

History:

5.	A 2023-06-26 23:17:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2023-06-26 11:55:31 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	http://walk.northcol.org/haskell/monads/
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<field>&comp;</field>
3.	A 2022-09-01 02:39:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The Japanese term probably is. The JEs and kokugos tag it as 〔哲〕.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<field>&phil;</field>
2.	A* 2022-09-01 02:15:28 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad
	Comments:	Probably not exclusively [phil].
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<gloss>(philosophical) monad</gloss> +<gloss>monad</gloss>
1.	A 2007-08-15 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2217330 Active (id: 2272146)
私
【わい】

1.	[pn] [dated] Dialect: ksb ▶ I ▶ me
2.	[pn] [arch] 《used to address someone of equal or lower status》 ▶ you

History:

5.	A 2023-06-27 13:27:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree.
4.	A 2023-06-26 23:37:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think that would be better.
	Diff:	@@ -9,3 +8,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>わて</reb> @@ -21 +17,0 @@ -<stagr>わい</stagr> @@ -24 +20 @@ -<s_inf>used toward people of equal or lower status</s_inf> +<s_inf>used to address someone of equal or lower status</s_inf>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 08:32:22
	Comments:	These should probably be split?
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> +<misc>&dated;</misc> @@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<misc>&arch;</misc>
2.	A 2018-02-25 04:36:52 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>you (used toward people of equal or lower status)</gloss> +<s_inf>used toward people of equal or lower status</s_inf> +<gloss>you</gloss>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2516260 Active (id: 2272155)

カランカラン；からんからん

1.

[adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ clank-clank
▶ clang-clang
▶ clattering

History:

4.	A 2023-06-27 23:25:05 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo has がらんと but not からんと.
	Diff:	@@ -13,3 +13,3 @@ -<gloss>clank clank</gloss> -<gloss>clatter</gloss> -<gloss>clang clang</gloss> +<gloss>clank-clank</gloss> +<gloss>clang-clang</gloss> +<gloss>clattering</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-26 07:54:03 Peter Maydell <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	プログレッシブ和英中辞典
	Comments:	Progressive has an example からんからんと鐘が鳴っている and also げたや木靴などで歩く音, so "clank" is definitely a bit too limited as the only definition. Incidentally Meikyou has no entry for からんからん, only for からんと; we (like GG5) have the former and not the latter.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>clatter</gloss> +<gloss>clang clang</gloss>
2.	A 2019-04-13 05:42:02 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: からんからん 2946 カランカラン 13011
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>カランカラン</reb> +</r_ele>
1.	A 2009-08-24 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2542150 Active (id: 2272097)
剕
【ひ；あしきり】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2249000 五刑 1. five punishments (of ancient China: tattooing, cutting off the nose, cutting off a leg, castration or confinement, death)
	⇐ see: 2542160 刖【げつ】 1. cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)

History:

6.	A 2023-06-26 21:46:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> -<gloss>cutting off the leg at the knee (form of punishment in ancient China)</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)</gloss>
5.	A 2020-03-16 23:02:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2020-03-16 12:43:04 dine <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2249000">五刑</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2249000">五刑・1</xref>
3.	A 2020-03-16 06:13:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not sure the ON reading would be the main ome, but it's so archaic it doesn't matter.
2.	A* 2020-03-15 10:40:44 dine <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, nikk
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ひ</reb> +</r_ele>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2007-12-18 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2542160 Active (id: 2272096)
刖
【げつ】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2542150 剕 1. cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)

History:

3.	A 2023-06-26 21:44:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/wuxing-penal.html
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>cutting off the leg at the knee (form of punishment in ancient China)</gloss> +<gloss>cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-06-25 08:35:36
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> -<misc>&rare;</misc> +<misc>&hist;</misc>
1.	A 2007-12-18 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2568520 Active (id: 2272095)
和妻
【わづま】

1.

[n]
▶ traditional Japanese magic

History:

5.	A 2023-06-26 21:29:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/db/heritages/detail/137587 「和妻」とは、西洋奇術に対する日本伝統奇術をいう。
	Comments:	We don't typically include romanisations as glosses unless they're somewhat common in English. "Wazuma" gets very little use. I think a simple gloss is sufficient here.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>wazuma</gloss> -<gloss>branch of ancient Japanese magic tricks inherited mainly from oral tradition</gloss> +<gloss>traditional Japanese magic</gloss>
4.	A* 2023-06-25 13:27:13
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>wazuma</gloss>
3.	A 2010-08-09 22:52:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2010-08-09 11:18:59 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's magic in the same way that Paul Daniels is a magician.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>A branch of ancient Japanese magic inherited mainly from oral tradition</gloss> +<gloss>branch of ancient Japanese magic tricks inherited mainly from oral tradition</gloss>
1.	A* 2010-08-08 07:36:09 Jeff Korpa <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/和妻

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jmdict 2826194 Active (id: 2272119)
アンティキティラ島の機械
【アンティキティラとうのきかい】

1.

[exp,n] {archeology}
▶ Antikythera mechanism (ancient Greek analog computer used to make astronomical predictions)

History:

6.	A 2023-06-27 08:42:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-06-26 21:03:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Tagged as【考古】in KOD. I don't think it would be considered an astronomy term.
	Diff:	@@ -13,3 +13,2 @@ -<field>&astron;</field> -<gloss>Antikythera mechanism</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">ancient analog computer used for astronomical predictions</gloss> +<field>&archeol;</field> +<gloss>Antikythera mechanism (ancient Greek analog computer used to make astronomical predictions)</gloss>
4.	A 2023-06-25 08:37:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	アンティキティラ島の機械 243 アンティキティラ島 344 アンティキティラ 683 KOD
	Comments:	I think it's worth keeping.
3.	D* 2023-06-25 06:20:53
	Comments:	Encyclopedic, irrelevant for dictionary
2.	A 2014-12-02 01:37:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2014-11-29 18:35:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アンティキティラ島の機械

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jmdict 2858206 Active (id: 2272104)

すんずれい

1.

[n] [dated,sl]
▶ excuse me
▶ pardon me

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1320230 失礼 2. excuse me; goodbye

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 23:26:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-23 08:13:16 Opencooper
	Refs:	https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/7554973/: 4位は「どうもすんずれいしました」。一世を風靡（ふうび）した流行語ながら、多くの人が「失礼しました」という意味だとわからないのが印象的でした。
	Comments:	Variant of 「失礼」. Saw in a 2009 video game. A lot of online hits relate to a bit by comedian Cha Katō, where he says 「どうもすんずれいしました」, but there are Twitter hits for people using this other ways, such as 「お先にすんずれいします」.

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jmdict 2858212 Active (id: 2272085)
乗り込み；乗込み；乗込 [sK]
【のりこみ】

1.

[n]
▶ embarkation
▶ boarding

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:43:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 13:15:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij, koj 乗り込み 494,347 98.6% 乗込み 5,538 1.1% 乗込 1,558 0.3% --- 乗り込みを 6,333 乗込みを 94 乗込を 0

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jmdict 2858215 Active (id: 2272081)
造船台
【ぞうせんだい】

1.

[n]
▶ shipway
▶ slipway

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1736070 船台 1. building berth (for ships); stocks; slipway

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:41:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 22:50:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, daij, koj 造船台 366 船台 11,762

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jmdict 2858216 Active (id: 2272179)
上詰め
【うえづめ】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ top alignment (esp. in a spreadsheet)

History:

4.	A 2023-06-28 16:00:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this works.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>top alignment (in a spreadsheet)</gloss> +<gloss>top alignment (esp. in a spreadsheet)</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-27 23:54:31 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	I actually heard it from a coworker when referring to the layout of a page on an MS Word-like application. He may have misspoken, but I think it'd be a good idea to keep this more general.
2.	A 2023-06-27 18:30:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Doesn't appear to be used in other contexts.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>top alignment</gloss> +<gloss>top alignment (in a spreadsheet)</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 01:43:26 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/上詰め-1119 https://www.sophia-it.com/content/上詰め

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jmdict 2858217 Active (id: 2272180)
下詰め
【したづめ】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ bottom alignment (esp. in a spreadsheet)

History:

3.	A 2023-06-28 16:01:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See comments on 2858216.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>bottom alignment (in a spreadsheet)</gloss> +<gloss>bottom alignment (esp. in a spreadsheet)</gloss>
2.	A 2023-06-27 18:28:50 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ASCII.jpデジタル用語辞典: 表計算ソフトで、セル内のデータを下端でそろえること。 https://www.jpita.or.jp/simin/index.php?excelziten44 https://www.windows8-help.net/office/post-321/
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>bottom alignment</gloss> +<gloss>bottom alignment (in a spreadsheet)</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 01:44:57 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/下詰め-4238

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jmdict 2858218 Active (id: 2272151)
枕を濡らす
【まくらをぬらす】

1.

[exp,v5s] [id]
▶ to cry in bed
▶ to cry oneself to sleep
▶ to weep secretly in bed
▶ [lit] to moisten one's pillow (with one's tears)

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2023-06-27 18:33:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc> @@ -15,0 +17 @@ +<gloss g_type="lit">to moisten one's pillow (with one's tears)</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 05:16:32 Opencooper
	Refs:	* gg5: ・枕を濡らす　moisten one's pillow with one's tears * luminous: 枕を濡らす cry [weep] secretly in bed. * daijs: https://kotobank.jp/word/枕を濡らす-633768 * koj: 寝ながらひどく泣き悲しむ。 * imidas: https://imidas.jp/idiom/detail/X-05-X-31-2-0013.html * 慣用句の辞典: http://www.jlogos.com/d004/5351541.html 枕を濡らす 6,299

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jmdict 2858219 Active (id: 2272082)
県史
【けんし】

1.

[n]
▶ history of a prefecture

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:41:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 08:44:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s, nikk

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jmdict 2858220 Active (id: 2272175)
獄門台
【ごくもんだい】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ platform on which the decapitated head of a criminal was displayed

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1828430 獄門 2. decapitation (of a criminal) and exposure of the head to public view (Edo-period punishment)

History:

3.	A 2023-06-28 14:05:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1828430">獄門・2</xref>
2.	A 2023-06-27 23:48:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>a scaffold at a prison gate on which the decapitated head of a criminal was displayed.</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>platform on which the decapitated head of a criminal was displayed</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 12:33:41
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, ルミナス

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jmdict 2858221 Active (id: 2273060)
私
【わて】

1.

[pn] [dated,uk] Dialect: ksb
▶ I
▶ me

History:

3.	A 2023-07-18 23:45:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s, nikk
	Comments:	あて is [fem]. Splitting out into a separate entry.
	Diff:	@@ -10,3 +9,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>あて</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -15,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2023-07-16 07:23:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, etc.
	Comments:	Split from 1311125,
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あて</reb>
1.	A 2023-06-26 23:37:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Split from 2217330.

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jmnedict 5671502 Active (id: 2272080)
野見山暁治
【のみやまぎょうじ】

1.

[person]
▶ Nomiyama Gyouji (1920.12.17-2023.6.22; painter)

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:39:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 09:23:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://nordot.app/1045745818229015315?c=39550187727945729 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/野見山暁治
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Nomiyama Gyouji (1921-)</gloss> +<gloss>Nomiyama Gyouji (1920.12.17-2023.6.22; painter)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5746342 Active (id: 2296566)

アコード [spec1]

1.

[product]
▶ Accord (Honda car model)

History:

3.	A 2024-03-30 16:31:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Style alignment.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> @@ -9 +10 @@ -<gloss>Accord (car model manufactured by Honda)</gloss> +<gloss>Accord (Honda car model)</gloss>
2.	A 2023-06-27 10:37:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"automobile" is AmE. We prefer the more universal "car".
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<gloss>Accord (automobile model manufactured by Honda)</gloss> +<gloss>Accord (car model manufactured by Honda)</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-26 23:24:46 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ホンダ・アコード

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If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:42:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 11:04:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daijr/s
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ナル</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9 +12 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<field>&comp;</field>

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