JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1245950 Active (id: 2272090)
空白 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
【くうはく [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.	[n] ▶ blank space (in a document)
2.	[n,adj-no,adj-na] ▶ blank ▶ void ▶ gap ▶ vacuum
3.	[n] {computing} ▶ whitespace

History:

7.	A 2023-06-26 15:00:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've added an alternative translation.
6.	A* 2023-06-25 11:00:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 https://timetotravel.space/space_blank_diff/ https://qiita.com/Yasutaka7/items/efd9722b977f735a6edd https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/空白文字
	Comments:	I think the translation is wrong. 空白 does not mean "null".
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>blank space (in documents)</gloss> +<gloss>blank space (in a document)</gloss> @@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -24 +23 @@ -<gloss>vacuum</gloss> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -26,0 +26,2 @@ +<gloss>gap</gloss> +<gloss>vacuum</gloss> @@ -31,2 +32 @@ -<gloss>space character</gloss> -<gloss>null</gloss> +<gloss>whitespace</gloss>
5.	A* 2023-06-25 08:47:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 has a third sense; maybe it could go there. They're not really the same thing. The sentence will need reindexing.
	Diff:	@@ -27,0 +28,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&comp;</field> +<gloss>space character</gloss> +<gloss>null</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A* 2023-06-24 05:55:06 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://jisho.org/word/空白
	Comments:	The Tanaka sentence associated with sense 1 has to do with null in the computing sense. Is that one of its meanings?
3.	A 2020-05-23 06:06:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update: Adjusting POS details -- via bulkupd.py --
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2020-01-08 03:29:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-01-08 03:24:21 Opencooper
	Refs:	* GG5 * chuujiten * daijs * meikyo <- only marks second sense as 形動
	Comments:	Splitting into two sections as the refs do. Btw, the second sense seems to be used figuratively.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,4 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>blank space (in documents)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -20 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>blank space</gloss> @@ -22,2 +25,2 @@ -<gloss>space</gloss> -<gloss>null (NUL)</gloss> +<gloss>blank</gloss> +<gloss>void</gloss>

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jmdict 1265460 Active (id: 2326691)
古事記
【こじき；ふることふみ [rk] ；ふることぶみ [rk] 】

1.

[n]
▶ Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE)
▶ Records of Ancient Matters

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1795400 記紀【きき】 1. the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki (earliest historical records of Japan)
	⇐ see: 1223130 記【き】 3. Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE); Records of Ancient Matters

History:

8.	A 2024-12-09 20:02:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Odd.
7.	A* 2024-12-09 15:17:33 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 古事記　　　 │ 295.707 │ 93.7% │ │ こじき　　　 │ 19.064 │ 6.0% │ │ ふることふみ │ 388 │ 0.1% │Not in my refs, but Jawiki has this and it is even sold on amazon under this name ; [rk] │ ふることぶみ │ 325 │ 0.1% │Daijt/r, Koj ; [rk] ╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	I would maybe keep them visible as [rk]. It seems that it was read this way in order to disaffiliate with the word 乞食
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,5 @@ +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ふることぶみ</reb> +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
6.	A 2023-06-26 14:44:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-06-25 14:19:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 AD)</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE)</gloss>
4.	A* 2023-06-25 10:33:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj: 現存する日本最古の歴史書。 daijr: 歴史書。三巻。712年成立。[...] 現存する我が国最古の歴史書であり，天皇統治の由来と王権による国家発展の歴史を説く。
	Comments:	This might be a better description.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 AD)</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2023-06-25 08:38:36
	Comments:	not sure that's correct, though?
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Kojiki</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> @@ -17 +16,0 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">Japan's oldest historical record</gloss>
2.	A 2020-05-08 22:52:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>The Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>Kojiki</gloss> @@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss g_type="expl">Japan's oldest historical record</gloss>
1.	A* 2020-05-08 21:35:27 Opencooper
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>Records of Ancient Matters (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>The Kojiki (Japan's oldest historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>Records of Ancient Matters</gloss>

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jmdict 1269160 Active (id: 2272044)
呉越
【ごえつ】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ Wu and Yue (two rival states in ancient China)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2836255 呉 4. Wu (kingdom in China during the Spring and Autumn era; 11th century-473 BCE)
	⇒ see: 2836257 越 1. Yue (kingdom in ancient China; 6th century-334 BCE)
	⇐ see: 1269170 呉越同舟【ごえつどうしゅう】 1. bitter enemies in the same boat; rivals finding themselves together by chance; strange bedfellows

History:

4.	A 2023-06-25 10:21:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2836255">呉・ご・4</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2836257">越・えつ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2836255">呉・4</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2836257">越・1</xref>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 08:41:14
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>
2.	A 2018-07-11 23:54:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-07-11 14:36:20 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 koj
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,5 @@ -<gloss>Go-Etsu</gloss> -<gloss>two rival states in ancient China</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2836255">呉・ご・4</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2836255">呉・ご・4</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2836255">呉・ご・4</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2836257">越・えつ</xref> +<gloss>Wu and Yue (two rival states in ancient China)</gloss>

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jmdict 1300710 Active (id: 2272024)
三十六計
【さんじゅうろっけい】

1.

[n] [yoji,hist]
▶ the 36 (ancient Chinese military) strategies (of which the last resort was said to be beating a retreat)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2123430 三十六計逃げるに如かず【さんじゅうろっけいにげるにしかず】 1. the smartest thing in a tight situation is to beat a retreat

History:

5.	A 2023-06-25 08:29:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2023-06-25 06:22:27
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>
3.	A 2022-08-10 08:09:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding yoji tags based on gakken, shinmeikai and-or jitenon -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>
2.	A 2021-10-19 04:55:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Doing a clean-up of entries tagged yoji where it's not obvious what the tag means (other than "there's 4 characters in the kanji field of this entry")
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<misc>&yoji;</misc>
1.	A 2014-08-25 01:43:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Kanji Haitani list
	Comments:	Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>

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jmdict 1388080 Active (id: 2272087)
先代 [news1,nf18]
【せんだい [news1,nf18] 】

1.	[n] ▶ previous generation (of a family) ▶ previous head of the family ▶ one's (late) father
2.	[n] ▶ predecessor
3.	[n] ▶ previous age ▶ previous generation

History:

4.	A 2023-06-26 14:44:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 19:44:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, daij
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>previous generation (e.g. one's parents)</gloss> -<gloss>family predecessor</gloss> +<gloss>previous generation (of a family)</gloss> +<gloss>previous head of the family</gloss> +<gloss>one's (late) father</gloss> @@ -25,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>previous generation</gloss>
2.	A 2017-12-22 09:11:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-12-19 08:47:58 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>previous generation (e.g. one's parents)</gloss> @@ -16,0 +18,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>predecessor</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -18 +25,0 @@ -<gloss>previous generation</gloss>

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jmdict 1394030 Active (id: 2272053)
前方後円墳 [news2,nf30]
【ぜんぽうこうえんふん [news2,nf30] 】

1.

[n] {archeology}
▶ keyhole-shaped ancient Japanese tumulus

History:

2.	A 2023-06-25 13:35:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@ -<misc>&hist;</misc> -<gloss>keyhole-shaped tumulus (form of ancient Imperial grave)</gloss> +<field>&archeol;</field> +<gloss>keyhole-shaped ancient Japanese tumulus</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 08:36:07
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>

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jmdict 1412560 Active (id: 2272537)
台 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
【だい [ichi1,news1,nf01] 】

1.

[n,n-suf]
▶ stand
▶ rest
▶ base
▶ pedestal
▶ platform
▶ table
▶ holder
▶ support
▶ rack

2.

[n]
▶ setting (of a gem)
▶ mounting

3.

[n]
▶ stock (in grafting)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1412800 台木 1. stock (in grafting)

4.

[ctr]
▶ counter for machines and vehicles

5.

[suf]
《after a rounded value》
▶ level (e.g. price level)
▶ mark
▶ range
▶ decade (of one's life)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2580810 台割れ【だいわれ】 1. a fall below a certain level (of a stock price, etc.)

6.

[n-suf]
▶ tall building (with a fine view)
▶ (observation) platform

7.

[n-suf]
《in place names》
▶ plateau
▶ heights

History:

11.	A 2023-07-05 09:49:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Most of the examples are for sense 4.
10.	A* 2023-07-05 00:40:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	I see no meaningful distinction between senses 1 and 2. Only GG5 has this split. I think they can be merged. I don't think the last two senses (in this amendment) are ever standalone nouns in modern Japanese. I don't think the archaic senses are needed.
	Diff:	@@ -20,4 +20,2 @@ -<gloss>rack</gloss> -<gloss>table</gloss> -<gloss>bench</gloss> -<gloss>podium</gloss> +<gloss>rest</gloss> +<gloss>base</gloss> @@ -26 +24,4 @@ -<gloss>stage</gloss> +<gloss>table</gloss> +<gloss>holder</gloss> +<gloss>support</gloss> +<gloss>rack</gloss> @@ -30,4 +31,7 @@ -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> -<gloss>support</gloss> -<gloss>holder</gloss> -<gloss>rack</gloss> +<gloss>setting (of a gem)</gloss> +<gloss>mounting</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1412800">台木・1</xref> +<gloss>stock (in grafting)</gloss> @@ -37 +41 @@ -<gloss>counter for machines, incl. vehicles</gloss> +<gloss>counter for machines and vehicles</gloss> @@ -40,2 +44,6 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>setting (e.g. in jewellery)</gloss> +<pos>&suf;</pos> +<s_inf>after a rounded value</s_inf> +<gloss>level (e.g. price level)</gloss> +<gloss>mark</gloss> +<gloss>range</gloss> +<gloss>decade (of one's life)</gloss> @@ -44 +51,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -46,6 +53,2 @@ -<pos>&ctr;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1982860">代・だい・2</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1982860">代・だい・6</xref> -<gloss>level (e.g. price level)</gloss> -<gloss>range (e.g. after physical units)</gloss> -<gloss>period (of time, e.g. a decade of one's life)</gloss> +<gloss>tall building (with a fine view)</gloss> +<gloss>(observation) platform</gloss> @@ -54,4 +57,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1412710">台地</xref> -<s_inf>oft. in place names</s_inf> -<gloss>elevated area</gloss> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<s_inf>in place names</s_inf> @@ -59,21 +60 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>viewing platform</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2817720">台盤・1</xref> -<gloss>dish tray</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<misc>&arch;</misc> -<gloss>meal</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1809380">高殿</xref> -<misc>&arch;</misc> -<gloss>tall building</gloss> -<gloss>tower</gloss> +<gloss>heights</gloss>
9.	A 2023-07-03 01:56:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's related to sense 1, but probably better separate.
	Diff:	@@ -56,2 +56 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<s_inf>oft. as a suffix in place names</s_inf> +<s_inf>oft. in place names</s_inf>
8.	A* 2023-06-25 05:06:19 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/台以上のほか、台地・丘陵を示す地名の接尾辞。特に新興住宅地に多い（青葉台など）が、デベロッパーによる開発分譲地の場合、まったくの平地に命名されることも多い。 https://uub.jp/nam/marumarudai.html 新興住宅地に盛んに「○○台」と名づけられるようになったのは、時期的には「○○ヶ丘」と同じかもう少し遅い頃、戦後の高度成長期以降でしょう。1962年に完成した千里ニュータウンの吹田市側の全ての町に「○○台」と名付けられたのが、「○○台」ブームの先駆ではないかと思われます。以来「町名の○○台」は全国に広がり、現在もなお新たな「○○台」が続々と誕生していています。
	Diff:	@@ -54,0 +55,3 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1412710">台地</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<s_inf>oft. as a suffix in place names</s_inf> @@ -55,0 +59 @@ +<gloss>plateau</gloss>
7.	A 2017-01-29 03:53:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Seems OK. It's the first 3 senses that matter.
	Diff:	@@ -63 +63 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2817720">台盤</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2817720">台盤・1</xref>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2016-12-21 23:32:14 Scott
	Comments:	I didn't see belt anywhere. I also removed the wood thing (ref to 台木) since I'm not sure which sense it refers to.
	Diff:	@@ -36,5 +35,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> -<gloss>belt</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> @@ -73,5 +67,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1412800">台木</xref> -<gloss>wood used as a platform</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos>
5.	A* 2016-12-21 23:15:07 Scott
	Refs:	daij gg5
	Comments:	A bit more complete. 7 corresponds to daijirin's second sense 8 corresponds to daijirin's fifth sense 12 corresponds to kojien's first sense
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22,5 @@ +<gloss>bench</gloss> +<gloss>podium</gloss> +<gloss>pedestal</gloss> +<gloss>platform</gloss> +<gloss>stage</gloss> @@ -26,0 +32,2 @@ +<gloss>holder</gloss> +<gloss>rack</gloss> @@ -50,0 +58,30 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>elevated area</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>viewing platform</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2817720">台盤</xref> +<gloss>dish tray</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1412800">台木</xref> +<gloss>wood used as a platform</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>meal</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1809380">高殿</xref> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>tall building</gloss> +<gloss>tower</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2010-09-14 23:55:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2010-09-14 19:54:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo - だい【台】 (接尾) 数量のおおよその範囲を表す。「三千円―」「二〇―の女性」◇***「代」に通じる。* - だい【代】 (接尾)時代や年齢の範囲を表す。「昭和五〇年―」「三〇―の男性」 *【表記】「台」とも。***
	Comments:	time in particular could be given its own sense.
	Diff:	@@ -44,0 +44,5 @@ +<pos>&ctr;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1982860">代・だい・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1982860">代・だい・6</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1982860">代・だい・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1982860">代・だい・6</xref> @@ -46,0 +51,1 @@ +<gloss>period (of time, e.g. a decade of one's life)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-09-14 19:51:45 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-09-14 11:55:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	Could be another sense even.
	Diff:	@@ -43,1 +43,3 @@ -<gloss>range (after physical units)</gloss> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<gloss>level (e.g. price level)</gloss> +<gloss>range (e.g. after physical units)</gloss>

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jmdict 1512230 Active (id: 2272059)
返上 [ichi1,news1,nf16]
【へんじょう [ichi1,news1,nf16] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ return
▶ giving back
▶ giving up
▶ relinquishing
▶ surrendering

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2023-06-25 16:35:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, daij
	Diff:	@@ -21,10 +21,4 @@ -<gloss>give back</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<pos>&vt;</pos> -<gloss>give up</gloss> -<gloss>relinquish</gloss> -<gloss>serve up</gloss> -<gloss>let loose</gloss> +<gloss>giving back</gloss> +<gloss>giving up</gloss> +<gloss>relinquishing</gloss> +<gloss>surrendering</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-06-25 14:13:49
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/返上/#je-68713
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>return</gloss> +<gloss>give back</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2021-11-18 01:18:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>

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jmdict 1567480 Active (id: 2272089)
ねじ曲げる；捻じ曲げる；捩じ曲げる [rK] ；捩曲げる [sK] ；捻曲げる [sK]
【ねじまげる】

1.	[v1,vt] ▶ to bend by twisting ▶ to twist ▶ to contort
2.	[v1,vt] ▶ to distort (e.g. the truth) ▶ to twist (e.g. someone's words)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-06-26 14:50:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-06-25 17:17:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, meikyo ねじ曲げ 36,026 38.9% 捻じ曲げ 44,803 48.3% 捩じ曲げ 1,338 1.4% 捩曲げ 302 0.3% 捻曲げ 107 0.1% ねじまげ 10,132 10.9%
	Comments:	Splitting into senses.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -17,0 +20 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -24,0 +28 @@ +<gloss>to bend by twisting</gloss> @@ -26 +30,7 @@ -<gloss>to distort</gloss> +<gloss>to contort</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to distort (e.g. the truth)</gloss> +<gloss>to twist (e.g. someone's words)</gloss>
4.	A 2016-10-31 13:15:08 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-10-23 23:49:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 捻じ曲げる 10289 ねじ曲げる 44302 捩じ曲げる 245 捩曲げる 63 捻曲げる 23 ねじまげる 1994
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>捻じ曲げる</keb> +<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb> +<keb>捻じ曲げる</keb> @@ -14,0 +15,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>捻曲げる</keb>
2.	A 2013-06-19 08:10:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-06-19 05:08:01 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs, nikk hits
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>捻じ曲げる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,3 +15,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>ねじ曲げる</keb>

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jmdict 1580980 Active (id: 2272043)
先王
【せんおう；せんのう】

1.	[n] ▶ previous king ▶ late king
2.	[n] ▶ ancient virtuous king

History:

2.	A 2023-06-25 10:21:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, meikyo
	Comments:	Yes.
	Diff:	@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@ -<gloss>the late king</gloss> -<gloss>the preceding king</gloss> -<gloss>good ancient kings</gloss> +<gloss>previous king</gloss> +<gloss>late king</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>ancient virtuous king</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 08:33:58
	Comments:	² senses?

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jmdict 1777690 Active (id: 2272092)
積ん読 [news1,nf07] ；積読；つん読
【つんどく [news1,nf07] 】

1.	[n,vs] ▶ buying books and not reading them ▶ stockpiling books ▶ tsundoku
2.	[n] ▶ books bought but not read

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2023-06-26 15:06:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	That is not putting a case for the amendments. Reverting to the previous version.
	Diff:	@@ -23,2 +23 @@ -<pos>&vi;</pos> -<gloss>buying books without reading them</gloss> +<gloss>buying books and not reading them</gloss> @@ -26,0 +26,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>books bought but not read</gloss>
11.	A* 2023-06-25 13:23:44
	Comments:	Reason: it's an improvement?
10.	A* 2023-06-25 08:27:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	An edit like this needs to be accompanied by reasons for the changes.
9.	A* 2023-06-22 19:31:45
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>buying books and not reading them</gloss> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>buying books without reading them</gloss> @@ -26,4 +26,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>books bought but not read</gloss>
8.	A 2020-05-09 02:45:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsundoku https://bigthink.com/personal-growth/do-i-own-too-many-books https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-that-are-us-the-art-of-tsundoku/article27375453.ece
	Comments:	I think it may have just got over the line in terms of being used in English.
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2020-05-08 23:59:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Isn't that just because it's considered an amusing word to non-Japanese speakers? I don't think "tsundoku" is actually used in English except to explain the meaning of it.
6.	A 2020-05-08 23:06:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-05-08 21:45:33 Opencooper
	Comments:	Romanization has currency.
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25 @@ +<gloss>tsundoku</gloss>
4.	A 2016-02-16 22:21:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams.
	Comments:	The counts show 積読 is in fact the most common form, but I am suspicious.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>つん読</keb>
3.	A* 2016-02-16 16:04:55
	Refs:	http://zokugo-dict.com/18tu/tundoku.htm
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>積読</keb>
2.	A 2015-11-25 03:32:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>stockpiling books</gloss> @@ -20 +22 @@ -<gloss>books you buy but don't read</gloss> +<gloss>books bought but not read</gloss>
1.	A* 2015-11-20 18:51:23 phil <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.tofugu.com/2015/10/15/tsundoku-japanese-word/ http://www.safaribooksonline.com/blog/2015/08/07/the-tsundoku-support-club/
	Comments:	I've run across the word as a noun to describe the books themselves, and not just the act of buying them (as at the referenced links).
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>books you buy but don't read</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1906370 Active (id: 2272042)
風土記 [news2,nf33]
【ふどき [news2,nf33] ；ふうどき】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ fudoki
▶ [expl] description of regional climate, culture, etc.

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2244730 古風土記【こふどき】 1. ancient fudoki compiled by imperial order in 713 CE

History:

2.	A 2023-06-25 09:00:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 08:40:02
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19,3 @@ -<gloss>description of regional climate, culture, etc.</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>fudoki</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">description of regional climate, culture, etc.</gloss>

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jmdict 1937590 Active (id: 2272098)
受講者
【じゅこうしゃ】

1.

[n]
▶ person attending a lecture
▶ student (taking a class, course, etc.)
▶ participant

History:

4.	A 2023-06-26 21:52:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>participant (in a class, lecture, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>person attending a lecture</gloss> +<gloss>student (taking a class, course, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>participant</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 23:57:27
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12 @@ -<gloss>member (of a class)</gloss> -<gloss>trainee</gloss> -<gloss>participant</gloss> +<gloss>participant (in a class, lecture, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-29 17:44:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-29 08:23:44
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<gloss>a participant</gloss> +<gloss>participant</gloss>

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jmdict 2009710 Active (id: 2272308)
絆される
【ほだされる】

1.

[v1,vi] [uk]
▶ to be bound (by feelings)
▶ to be fettered (by)
▶ to be overcome (by)
▶ to be moved (by)
▶ to be touched (by)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-07-01 00:03:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	chujiten: 情にほだされて彼女と別れられなかった.　 Chained to her by her love for me, I could not bring myself to leave her. prog: 子供への愛情にほだされて彼女は離婚に踏み切れなかった Because of her love for her children, she was unable to seek a divorce. luminous: 私たちはその気の毒な少年を助けようとする彼女の熱意にほだされた We were moved by her eagerness to help the poor boy.
	Comments:	I saw that but I don't think it's necessarily true (see the examples above).
5.	A* 2023-06-29 14:47:22
	Refs:	daijirin: 情にひかされて自分の考えにない行動をとる。
	Comments:	just pointing out that the kokugos all mention 行動をとる, i.e. there is always an action that follows, and this is missing from the glosses right now it sounds like the speaker is paralyzed (unable to act) while the opposite is the case
4.	A 2023-06-25 22:44:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daijr
	Diff:	@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ -<gloss>to be bound (e.g. by emotions)</gloss> -<gloss>to be tied</gloss> -<gloss>to be moved by affection</gloss> -<gloss>to be moved by kindness</gloss> -<gloss>to be touched</gloss> +<gloss>to be bound (by feelings)</gloss> +<gloss>to be fettered (by)</gloss> +<gloss>to be overcome (by)</gloss> +<gloss>to be moved (by)</gloss> +<gloss>to be touched (by)</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 14:33:21
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/絆される/#je-70424
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>to be bound (e.g. by emotions)</gloss> +<gloss>to be tied</gloss>
2.	A 2017-08-28 22:59:36 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2017-08-28 00:59:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	The JEs all use kana in examples. ルミナス has no kanji form.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>to be touched</gloss>

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jmdict 2054870 Active (id: 2272054)
六韜三略
【りくとうさんりゃく】

1.	[n] [yoji] ▶ The Six Secret Teachings and The Three Strategies of Huang Shigong (two ancient Chinese military treatises)
2.	[n] [yoji] ▶ secrets (of the art of war, etc.) ▶ mysteries

History:

4.	A 2023-06-25 13:54:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj
	Diff:	@@ -13,4 +13,7 @@ -<gloss>two books on the art of war in ancient China</gloss> -<gloss>the secrets (essence) of the art of war</gloss> -<gloss>secrets of successful life</gloss> -<gloss>precepts for living</gloss> +<gloss>The Six Secret Teachings and The Three Strategies of Huang Shigong (two ancient Chinese military treatises)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&yoji;</misc> +<gloss>secrets (of the art of war, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>mysteries</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 08:33:37
	Comments:	bad glosses
2.	A 2014-08-25 03:01:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Kanji Haitani list
	Comments:	Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>
1.	A 2005-06-10 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2109170 Active (id: 2272022)
潜水艇
【せんすいてい】

1.

[n]
▶ submersible
▶ (small) submarine

History:

3.	A 2023-06-25 08:24:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Topical.
2.	A* 2023-06-23 09:15:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>submarine</gloss> -<gloss>submersible vessel</gloss> +<gloss>submersible</gloss> +<gloss>(small) submarine</gloss>
1.	A 2006-12-04 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2143970 Active (id: 2272474)
三角木馬
【さんかくもくば】

1.

[n]
▶ wooden horse (used in S&M play or torture)

History:

3.	A 2023-07-03 20:51:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-06-25 08:10:03
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_horse_(device)
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>ridged wooden bench used in SM practices (and in the Edo period for torturing female prisoners)</gloss> +<gloss>wooden horse (used in S&M play or torture)</gloss>
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2187170 Active (id: 2272124)
内明
【ないみょう】

1.

[n] {Buddhism}
▶ adhyatma vidya (one of the five sciences of ancient India)
▶ science of spirituality

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2187140 五明 1. the five sciences of ancient India (grammar and composition, arts and mathematics, medicine, logic, and philosophy)

History:

4.	A 2023-06-27 08:56:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks
3.	A 2023-06-27 00:39:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	DDB, daij, koj
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,3 @@ -<gloss>adhyatmavidya (inner studies, ancient Indian philosophy)</gloss> +<field>&Buddh;</field> +<gloss>adhyatma vidya (one of the five sciences of ancient India)</gloss> +<gloss>science of spirituality</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-06-25 08:34:17
	Comments:	weird gloss
1.	A 2007-08-15 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2209400 Active (id: 2272422)
刀布
【とうふ】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ bronze currency of ancient China (both spade-shaped coins and knife coins)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2209390 刀銭 1. knife money; bronze coin of ancient China, shaped like an opened straight razor
	⇒ see: 2209380 布銭 1. bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)

History:

4.	A 2023-07-02 21:13:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
3.	A* 2023-06-27 12:30:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, Daij
	Comments:	It's a combination of 刀銭 and 布銭.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>bronze currency of ancient China (some pieces shaped like spades and others like opened straight razors)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2209390">刀銭</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2209380">布銭</xref> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>bronze currency of ancient China (both spade-shaped coins and knife coins)</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-06-25 08:35:13
	Comments:	is this different from "knife money"?
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2217330 Active (id: 2300799)
私
【わい；ワイ [sk] 】

1.	[pn] [dated] Dialect: ksb ▶ I ▶ me
2.	[pn] [arch] 《used to address someone of equal or lower status》 ▶ you

History:

7.	A 2024-05-15 00:48:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2024-05-15 00:27:57
	Refs:	https://meaning-book.com/blog/20191123150455.html 「ワイ」とは、「ネット上の書き込みで、自分のことを表す言葉」です。 https://meaning-dictionary.com/「ワイ」とは意味や概要/ ネット上で使う一人称を表す言葉。 https://www.nihongokentei.jp/column/nakagawa-shuta/column-07.php 最近はウチと同じく関西起源のワイが女子・若い女性によってインターネットなどで使われます
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ワイ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
5.	A 2023-06-27 13:27:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree.
4.	A 2023-06-26 23:37:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think that would be better.
	Diff:	@@ -9,3 +8,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>わて</reb> @@ -21 +17,0 @@ -<stagr>わい</stagr> @@ -24 +20 @@ -<s_inf>used toward people of equal or lower status</s_inf> +<s_inf>used to address someone of equal or lower status</s_inf>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 08:32:22
	Comments:	These should probably be split?
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> +<misc>&dated;</misc> @@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<misc>&arch;</misc>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2018-02-25 04:36:52 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>you (used toward people of equal or lower status)</gloss> +<s_inf>used toward people of equal or lower status</s_inf> +<gloss>you</gloss>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2431110 Active (id: 2272058)
史記
【しき】

1.

[n]
▶ Shiji (first of China's 24 dynastic histories)
▶ Records of the Grand Historian

History:

3.	A 2023-06-25 14:34:38 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>Shiji (ancient Chinese historical record)</gloss> -<gloss>Shih-chi</gloss> -<gloss>The Historical Records</gloss> +<gloss>Shiji (first of China's 24 dynastic histories)</gloss> +<gloss>Records of the Grand Historian</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-06-25 08:40:51
	Comments:	Looks better on the first gloss.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Shiji</gloss> +<gloss>Shiji (ancient Chinese historical record)</gloss> @@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>The Historical Records (ancient Chinese historical record)</gloss> +<gloss>The Historical Records</gloss>
1.	A 2009-02-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2440470 Active (id: 2272025)
三角縁神獣鏡
【さんかくぶちしんじゅうきょう；さんかくえんしんじゅうきょう】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ ancient triangular-rimmed mirror decorated with gods and animals

History:

6.	A 2023-06-25 08:31:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-06-25 06:23:38
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>triangular-rimmed ancient mirror decorated with gods and animals</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>ancient triangular-rimmed mirror decorated with gods and animals</gloss>
4.	A 2021-05-05 21:42:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2021-05-05 15:39:00 Opencooper
	Refs:	gg5; meikyo
	Comments:	Mirror itself isn't triangular, but the rim cross-section.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>triangular rimmed ancient mirror decorated with gods and animals</gloss> +<gloss>triangular-rimmed ancient mirror decorated with gods and animals</gloss>
2.	A* 2021-05-05 03:54:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	さんかくぶちしんじゅうきょう - Koj, Daijs, 明鏡, 21k Googits さんかくえんしんじゅうきょう - Daijr, Nikkoku 12k Googits Wikipedia has both 三角縁神獣鏡 14223
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>さんかくえんしんじゅうきょう</reb>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2009-04-10 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2464520 Active (id: 2272061)
捻じ曲がる；ねじ曲がる；捩じ曲がる [rK]
【ねじまがる】

1.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to get twisted
▶ to get warped
▶ to get distorted
▶ to twist
▶ to warp

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2023-06-25 17:05:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 捻じ曲がっ 16,684 53.8% ねじ曲がっ 10,257 33.1% 捩じ曲がっ 29 0.1% ねじまがっ 4,054 13.1%
	Comments:	You're correct. Thanks for pointing out the mistake.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -18,4 +19,6 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1567480">捩じ曲げる</xref> -<gloss>to be twisted</gloss> -<gloss>to be wrapped</gloss> -<gloss>to be distorted</gloss> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to get twisted</gloss> +<gloss>to get warped</gloss> +<gloss>to get distorted</gloss> +<gloss>to twist</gloss> +<gloss>to warp</gloss>
6.	A* 2023-06-25 12:45:43 Chris Chardon <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Since this is my first time editing, I didn't change the entry. But I'm pretty sure that the "to be wrapped" definition is a misspelling, and should be "to be warped".
5.	A 2016-10-31 13:34:28 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2016-10-23 23:46:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 (has only 捩じ曲がる). G n-grams: 捩じ曲がる 22 ねじ曲がる 917 ねじまがる 326 捻じ曲がる 1209
	Comments:	We already a combined entry for 捩じ曲げる/捻じ曲げる.
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>捩じ曲がる</keb> +<keb>捻じ曲がる</keb> @@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>捩じ曲がる</keb>
3.	A 2010-08-13 11:39:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2010-08-12 08:54:48 Jean-Luc Léger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&v5r;</pos>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2534860 Active (id: 2272026)

トホホ；とほほ；トホホホ [sk]

1.

[int,adj-na] [on-mim]
▶ boo-hoo
▶ boo-hoo-hoo

History:

7.	A 2023-06-25 08:32:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2023-06-25 02:24:24 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ トホホ　 │ 638,068 │ 59.3% │ │ とほほ　 │ 429,865 │ 39.9% │ │ トホホホ │ 8,502 │ 0.8% │ - sk ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
5.	A 2012-11-06 07:22:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2012-11-04 07:18:49 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	"トホホな" daijs, nikk "トホホな" 230k (b)
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +4,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>トホホホ</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -13,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>トホホホ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
3.	A 2012-04-13 03:14:34 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2012-04-12 23:51:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1217938527
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,6 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>トホホ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>とほほ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -8,1 +14,1 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>∫</pos>
1.	A 2010-03-18 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2542160 Active (id: 2272096)
刖
【げつ】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2542150 剕 1. cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)

History:

3.	A 2023-06-26 21:44:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/wuxing-penal.html
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>cutting off the leg at the knee (form of punishment in ancient China)</gloss> +<gloss>cutting off a foot (one of the five punishments of ancient China)</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-06-25 08:35:36
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> -<misc>&rare;</misc> +<misc>&hist;</misc>
1.	A 2007-12-18 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2568520 Active (id: 2272095)
和妻
【わづま】

1.

[n]
▶ traditional Japanese magic

History:

5.	A 2023-06-26 21:29:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/db/heritages/detail/137587 「和妻」とは、西洋奇術に対する日本伝統奇術をいう。
	Comments:	We don't typically include romanisations as glosses unless they're somewhat common in English. "Wazuma" gets very little use. I think a simple gloss is sufficient here.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>wazuma</gloss> -<gloss>branch of ancient Japanese magic tricks inherited mainly from oral tradition</gloss> +<gloss>traditional Japanese magic</gloss>
4.	A* 2023-06-25 13:27:13
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>wazuma</gloss>
3.	A 2010-08-09 22:52:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2010-08-09 11:18:59 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's magic in the same way that Paul Daniels is a magician.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>A branch of ancient Japanese magic inherited mainly from oral tradition</gloss> +<gloss>branch of ancient Japanese magic tricks inherited mainly from oral tradition</gloss>
1.	A* 2010-08-08 07:36:09 Jeff Korpa <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/和妻

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jmdict 2786450 Active (id: 2272028)
冊封
【さくほう；さっぽう】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ bestowing peerage by imperial edict (in ancient China)
▶ document bestowing peerage

History:

4.	A 2023-06-25 08:32:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-06-25 04:34:40
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>
2.	A 2013-05-16 11:22:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-05-16 09:21:58 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij

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jmdict 2826194 Active (id: 2272119)
アンティキティラ島の機械
【アンティキティラとうのきかい】

1.

[exp,n] {archeology}
▶ Antikythera mechanism (ancient Greek analog computer used to make astronomical predictions)

History:

6.	A 2023-06-27 08:42:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-06-26 21:03:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Tagged as【考古】in KOD. I don't think it would be considered an astronomy term.
	Diff:	@@ -13,3 +13,2 @@ -<field>&astron;</field> -<gloss>Antikythera mechanism</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">ancient analog computer used for astronomical predictions</gloss> +<field>&archeol;</field> +<gloss>Antikythera mechanism (ancient Greek analog computer used to make astronomical predictions)</gloss>
4.	A 2023-06-25 08:37:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	アンティキティラ島の機械 243 アンティキティラ島 344 アンティキティラ 683 KOD
	Comments:	I think it's worth keeping.
3.	D* 2023-06-25 06:20:53
	Comments:	Encyclopedic, irrelevant for dictionary
2.	A 2014-12-02 01:37:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2014-11-29 18:35:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アンティキティラ島の機械

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jmdict 2846161 Active (id: 2272041)
借り物競争；借り物競走
【かりものきょうそう】

1.

[n]
▶ scavenger hunt race

History:

6.	A 2023-06-25 08:52:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Interesting.
5.	A* 2023-06-24 17:20:44 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	latest version of daijirin (4e) has it with 競争
4.	A* 2023-06-24 11:04:23 Adam Nohejl <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/借り物競争 (Only dictionary reference for this spelling, but see comment.)
	Comments:	Actually "競争" is much more frequent even though GG5 and Wikipedia use 競走. 借り物競争 13330 in Google n-grams 借り物競走 3659 in Google n-grams I think this justifies using it as the #1 spelling.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>借り物競争</keb> +</k_ele>
3.	A 2020-08-18 23:46:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I'll go with the short form.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>scavenger hunt</gloss> -<gloss>race where competitors search for a list of items (usu. from the audience), borrowing them (event held at school sports festivals)</gloss> +<gloss>scavenger hunt race</gloss>
2.	A* 2020-08-14 20:50:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: 借り物競走 a scavenger hunt race; a race in which participants run to a designated area, pick up instructions on what item is to be “borrowed” from someone in the vicinity, run to get that item, then run to the finish line.
	Comments:	Will just "scavenger hunt race" do?
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2020-08-14 16:43:36
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/借り物競走 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavenger_hunt

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jmdict 2857284 Active (id: 2272185)

アイスブレイク；アイスブレーク；アイス・ブレイク [sk] ；アイス・ブレーク [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ icebreaker
▶ breaking the ice

History:

10.	A 2023-06-28 21:17:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2023-06-28 16:02:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ice-breaker 30272 icebreaker 308639
	Comments:	I don't think "small talk" is needed. I think the nakaguro forms can be hidden. Daijs treats it as one word.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -18,2 +20 @@ -<gloss>ice-breaker</gloss> -<gloss>smalltalk</gloss> +<gloss>icebreaker</gloss>
8.	A 2023-06-27 13:38:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2023-06-25 13:21:22
	Comments:	heard used like this on Tv
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>breaking the ice</gloss>
6.	A 2023-01-22 11:19:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I thought I'd moved it.
	Diff:	@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@ -<ent_corp type="jmnedict">jmnedict</ent_corp> -<ent_seq>5745898</ent_seq> +<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2023-01-21 22:17:15 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	I accidentally put this in jmnedict instead of jmdict. Can we correct it?
4.	A 2023-01-21 20:56:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	アイスブレイク 9992 76.6% アイスブレーク 3044 23.4%
	Comments:	Wasei?
	Diff:	@@ -3 +2,0 @@ -<ent_seq>5745890</ent_seq> @@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<reb>アイスブレーク</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -8,0 +11,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>アイス・ブレーク</reb>
3.	A* 2023-01-21 04:10:18 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Needs to be in JMdict if approved
2.	A* 2023-01-21 03:50:30 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	アイス・ブレイク 102
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>アイス・ブレイク</reb>
1.	A* 2023-01-21 03:16:15 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://media.mar-cari.jp/article/detail/1565
	Comments:	アイスブレイク 9992

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jmdict 2858210 Active (id: 2272021)

タッピング

1.

[n]
▶ tapping

History:

2.	A 2023-06-25 08:21:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-23 22:33:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/タッピング奏法 https://www.diy-id.net/know-how-screw/tapping-basic/ G n-grams: 50,754
	Comments:	Used in a number of contexts.

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jmdict 2858212 Active (id: 2272085)
乗り込み；乗込み；乗込 [sK]
【のりこみ】

1.

[n]
▶ embarkation
▶ boarding

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:43:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 13:15:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij, koj 乗り込み 494,347 98.6% 乗込み 5,538 1.1% 乗込 1,558 0.3% --- 乗り込みを 6,333 乗込みを 94 乗込を 0

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jmdict 2858213 Active (id: 2272319)

シャンメリー

1.

[n] {trademark}
《from シャンパン + メリークリスマス》
▶ Chanmery (non-alcoholic sparkling drink with a flavour similar to champagne)

History:

4.	A 2023-07-01 12:14:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-06-30 15:47:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs http://www.e-drink.jp/chanmery/
	Comments:	It's a brand name.
	Diff:	@@ -9,2 +9,3 @@ -<s_inf>from 'champagne' and 'Merry Christmas'</s_inf> -<gloss>non-alcoholic sparkling drink</gloss> +<field>&tradem;</field> +<s_inf>from シャンパン + メリークリスマス</s_inf> +<gloss>Chanmery (non-alcoholic sparkling drink with a flavour similar to champagne)</gloss>
2.	A 2023-06-29 06:02:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	シャンメリー 13363
	Comments:	Thanks. I think this is sufficient.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<s_inf>from 'champagne' and 'Merry Christmas'</s_inf> @@ -10,3 +10,0 @@ -<gloss>champagne-style carbonated Christmas party drink</gloss> -<gloss>juice-like carbonated beverage for children</gloss> -<gloss>chammery, chanmery (from 'champagne' and 'merry' of 'Merry Christmas')</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 16:49:44 eli fessler <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/シャンメリー/ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/シャンメリー https://kotobank.jp/word/シャンメリー-2626844 https://www.weblio.jp/content/Chanmery http://www.e-drink.jp/chanmery/
	Comments:	First time submitting a word despite using JMdict/EDICT pretty much daily for over a decade. Hopefully I've done everything right. I'm a linguist & lexicographer as well and this project/database/resource has been so incredible and invaluable, totally changing landscape of worldwide electronic dictionaries forever. Just want to say thank you for everything!

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jmdict 2858214 Active (id: 2272167)
曲げわっぱ
【まげわっぱ】

1.

[n]
▶ circular bento box made of thin wood

History:

2.	A 2023-06-28 05:05:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	曲げわっぱ 44812 KOD
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>magewappa bento</gloss> +<gloss>circular bento box made of thin wood</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 21:22:09
	Refs:	https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/曲げわっぱ https://jpf.org.au/events/ohbento/

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jmdict 2858215 Active (id: 2272081)
造船台
【ぞうせんだい】

1.

[n]
▶ shipway
▶ slipway

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1736070 船台 1. building berth (for ships); stocks; slipway

History:

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:41:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 22:50:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, daij, koj 造船台 366 船台 11,762

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If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

2.	A 2023-06-26 14:42:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-06-25 11:04:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daijr/s
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ナル</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9 +12 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<field>&comp;</field>

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