JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1114580 Active (id: 2291016)

ブルドーザー [gai2] ；ブルドーザ [sk] ；ブルトーザー [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ bulldozer

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1114300 ブル 4. bulldozer

History:

4.	A 2024-02-04 08:12:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-02-04 06:22:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ブルドーザー 72908 79.4% ブルドーザ 10760 11.7% ブルトーザー 8115 8.8%
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,5 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ブルトーザー</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A 2022-12-21 21:40:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 06:46:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ブルドーザー 72908 87.1% ブルドーザ 10760 12.9%
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ブルドーザ</reb> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1154780 Active (id: 2216558)
案じる [news2,nf40] ；按じる
【あんじる [news2,nf40] 】

1.

(案じる only) [v1,vt]
▶ to be anxious (about)
▶ to be concerned (about)
▶ to worry (about)
▶ to fear

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1586940 案ずる 1. to be anxious (about); to be concerned (about); to worry (about); to fear

2.

[v1,vt]
▶ to think out (e.g. a plan)
▶ to work out
▶ to devise
▶ to consider
▶ to ponder

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2396010 一計を案じる 1. to devise a plan; to work out a plan

3.

[v1,vt]
▶ to investigate

4.

(按じる only) [v1,vt]
▶ to stroke
▶ to rub
▶ to pat
▶ to grasp (the hilt of one's sword)

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2022-12-21 20:33:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2022-12-20 11:48:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	"investigate" is a separate sense in the refs. GG5, daijr and koj have it for 按ずる only. Meikyo has it for 案ずる only. Daijs, nikk and shinmeikai have it for both.
	Diff:	@@ -22,3 +22,3 @@ -<gloss>to be anxious or concerned about</gloss> -<gloss>to worry about</gloss> -<gloss>to ponder (anxiously)</gloss> +<gloss>to be anxious (about)</gloss> +<gloss>to be concerned (about)</gloss> +<gloss>to worry (about)</gloss> @@ -30 +29,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1586940">案ずる・2</xref> @@ -31,0 +31,9 @@ +<gloss>to think out (e.g. a plan)</gloss> +<gloss>to work out</gloss> +<gloss>to devise</gloss> +<gloss>to consider</gloss> +<gloss>to ponder</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -33,2 +40,0 @@ -<gloss>to consider</gloss> -<gloss>to plan</gloss> @@ -39,0 +46,2 @@ +<gloss>to stroke</gloss> +<gloss>to rub</gloss> @@ -41,2 +49 @@ -<gloss>to rub</gloss> -<gloss>to take a sword in one's hand</gloss> +<gloss>to grasp (the hilt of one's sword)</gloss>
10.	A 2022-12-19 03:42:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2022-12-19 03:32:50
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/案じる/#je-2270
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>to worry about</gloss>
8.	A 2022-05-31 12:40:03 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	rK is not really appropriate here actually because it's the only valid kanji for sense 3.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +10,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A 2022-05-31 09:14:03 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2022-05-31 06:17:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts 31,405 98.7% 案じる 134 0.4% 按じる 275 0.9% あんじる
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
5.	A 2010-07-31 08:21:47 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2010-07-29 07:12:31 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Re-opening for checks & comments.
3.	A 2010-07-29 07:12:07 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Approving x-refs will work
2.	A* 2010-07-29 07:09:26 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -31,0 +31,4 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1586940">案ずる・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1586940">案ずる・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1586940">案ずる・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2396010">一計を案じる</xref>
1.	A* 2010-07-29 05:04:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	copying from 案ずる
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>按じる</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -15,0 +18,1 @@ +<stagk>案じる</stagk> @@ -17,2 +21,21 @@ -<gloss>to be anxious</gloss> -<gloss>to ponder</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1586940">案ずる・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1586940">案ずる・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1586940">案ずる・1</xref> +<gloss>to be anxious or concerned about</gloss> +<gloss>to ponder (anxiously)</gloss> +<gloss>to fear</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to investigate</gloss> +<gloss>to consider</gloss> +<gloss>to plan</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<stagk>按じる</stagk> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to pat</gloss> +<gloss>to rub</gloss> +<gloss>to take a sword in one's hand</gloss>

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jmdict 1164340 Active (id: 2216622)
一層 [ichi1,news1,nf03]
【いっそう [ichi1,news1,nf03] 】

1.

[adv]
▶ even more
▶ still more
▶ all the more
▶ more than ever

2.

[n]
▶ one layer

3.

[n]
▶ lowest floor (of a building)

4.

[adv] [obs]
▶ rather
▶ sooner
▶ preferably

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2613280 いっそ 1. rather; sooner; preferably; might as well; just

History:

10.	A 2022-12-22 10:50:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2022-12-22 01:55:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs, meikyo
	Comments:	Added sense. For the last sense, daijs has an example from 1928.
	Diff:	@@ -18,3 +18 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>more</gloss> -<gloss>much more</gloss> +<gloss>even more</gloss> @@ -22 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>even more</gloss> @@ -28,2 +25,5 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>single layer (or storey, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>one layer</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>lowest floor (of a building)</gloss> @@ -34 +34 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> +<misc>&obs;</misc>
8.	A 2022-12-20 03:02:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Other JEs hav much the same.
7.	A* 2022-12-20 01:06:29
	Refs:	ウィズダム英和辞典 / ウィズダム和英辞典
	Comments:	added definitions
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>more</gloss> @@ -20,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>even more</gloss>
6.	A 2015-03-28 02:55:29 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2015-03-26 22:23:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: 一層 3214540 いっそう 950502 いっそ 1308279
	Comments:	I think the "uk" should have come off when the split happened.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
4.	A 2011-02-27 06:23:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15,3 +15,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>いっそ</reb>
3.	A* 2011-02-25 22:40:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	-weird editing glitch. i simply CANNOT remove the reading いっそ. -intended comments for the last edit are below
	Comments:	-meikyo says 「一層」の転で、古くは「一層」とも。, so daijirin may be including the headword only because it is archaic. -i think i like the route of all dictionaries ~but~ daijirin. split them up, add a note saying that いっそ used to be written as 一層. koj, daij, etc. actually include "rather" as an archaic meaning for 一層・いっそう, so nothing is really lost.
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,0 @@ -<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
2.	A* 2011-02-25 22:34:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -27,3 +27,1 @@ -<gloss>(would) rather</gloss> -<gloss>sooner</gloss> -<gloss>might as well</gloss> +<gloss>more than ever</gloss> @@ -32,1 +30,0 @@ -<stagr>いっそう</stagr> @@ -34,0 +31,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -36,0 +34,8 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2613280">いっそ</xref> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>rather</gloss> +<gloss>sooner</gloss> +<gloss>preferably</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A* 2011-02-25 05:39:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	GG5 distinguishes between いっそ (no-kanji) and 一層/いっそう, but for いっそ Daijirin says "「いっそう」の転". Perhaps split up sense 1, and show the "(would) rather; sooner; might as well" sense as "usu. いっそ"?

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jmdict 1175460 Active (id: 2216578)
厭わしい
【いとわしい】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ detestable
▶ disagreeable
▶ disgusting
▶ odious
▶ unpleasant
▶ repugnant
▶ abhorrent
▶ loathsome
▶ abominable

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2022-12-22 00:12:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	I don't think "hateful" works. It's not in the provided reference either. I don't think "displeasing" is strong enough.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>displeasing</gloss> +<gloss>repugnant</gloss> @@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>hateful</gloss> +<gloss>abominable</gloss>
2.	A 2022-12-20 10:38:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>odious</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 10:33:03 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/厭わしい/#je-4137
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,6 @@ +<gloss>disgusting</gloss> +<gloss>unpleasant</gloss> +<gloss>displeasing</gloss> +<gloss>abhorrent</gloss> +<gloss>loathsome</gloss> +<gloss>hateful</gloss>

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jmdict 1178270 Active (id: 2216511)
遠のく；遠退く
【とおのく】

1.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to move off (into the distance) ▶ to become distant ▶ to recede ▶ to fade away ▶ to die away
2.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to drift away (from a person, activity, etc.) ▶ to distance oneself (from) ▶ to become less frequent (e.g. of visits) ▶ to fall away (e.g. of customers)

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2022-12-20 23:59:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, meikyo
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>to move off (into the distance)</gloss> @@ -19 +20 @@ -<gloss>to die down</gloss> +<gloss>to die away</gloss> @@ -24,3 +25,2 @@ -<gloss>to become estranged</gloss> -<gloss>to drift apart</gloss> -<gloss>to distance oneself from</gloss> +<gloss>to drift away (from a person, activity, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to distance oneself (from)</gloss> @@ -27,0 +28 @@ +<gloss>to fall away (e.g. of customers)</gloss>
4.	A 2022-12-19 03:47:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-12-19 03:01:53 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/遠退く/#jn-157353
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,10 @@ +<gloss>to fade away</gloss> +<gloss>to die down</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5k;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to become estranged</gloss> +<gloss>to drift apart</gloss> +<gloss>to distance oneself from</gloss> +<gloss>to become less frequent (e.g. of visits)</gloss>
2.	A 2015-08-28 01:25:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2015-08-27 12:52:38 luce
	Refs:	n-grams 遠退く 155 遠のく 3487
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>遠退く</keb> +<keb>遠のく</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>遠のく</keb> +<keb>遠退く</keb>

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jmdict 1188330 Active (id: 2219122)
何しろ [ichi1,news1,nf24]
【なにしろ [ichi1,news1,nf24] 】

1.

[adv]
▶ in any case
▶ at any rate
▶ anyhow
▶ anyway
▶ as you know
▶ for you see
▶ particularly

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1577110 何せ 1. in any case; at any rate; anyhow; anyway; as you know; for you see; particularly
	⇐ see: 2842677 何にしろ【なんにしろ】 1. at any rate; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because
	⇐ see: 2786640 何にせよ【なんにせよ】 1. at any rate; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because

2.

[adv]
▶ because
▶ since
▶ for
▶ after all

History:

14.	A 2023-01-15 20:29:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ルミナス - 2 senses.
	Comments:	Trimming. I think this went a bit far.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<s_inf>used for emphasis</s_inf> @@ -26 +24,0 @@ -<gloss>in particular</gloss> @@ -28,4 +25,0 @@ -<gloss>especially</gloss> -<gloss>very (much)</gloss> -<gloss>so</gloss> -<gloss>really</gloss> @@ -35 +28,0 @@ -<s_inf>usu. as なにしろ...から, なにしろ...ので, etc.</s_inf> @@ -37,0 +31 @@ +<gloss>for</gloss>
13.	A* 2022-12-20 14:55:32 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/とにかく/#jn-159706 https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/574 https://okwave.jp/qa/q1849211.html スーパー大辞林
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19,2 @@ +<s_inf>used for emphasis</s_inf> +<gloss>in any case</gloss> @@ -22,2 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>in any case</gloss> -<gloss>because</gloss> @@ -25,0 +26,13 @@ +<gloss>in particular</gloss> +<gloss>particularly</gloss> +<gloss>especially</gloss> +<gloss>very (much)</gloss> +<gloss>so</gloss> +<gloss>really</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<s_inf>usu. as なにしろ...から, なにしろ...ので, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>because</gloss> +<gloss>since</gloss> +<gloss>after all</gloss>
12.	A 2019-03-23 08:10:16 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 何しろ 771065 なにしろ 727287
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
11.	A 2015-08-12 00:40:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The "uk" is a bit doubtful. The Google n-grams have 何しろ leading, and 2 of my 3 online JEs use 何しろ in examples.
10.	A* 2015-08-11 14:08:57 luce
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 9 older log entries)
9.	A 2015-08-11 09:34:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2015-08-11 07:15:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	not conj in any of my sources
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&conj;</pos>
7.	A 2015-08-11 07:15:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2015-08-10 07:17:50 luce
	Refs:	eij, prog both kanji n-grams 何しろ 30098 なにしろ 31960
	Comments:	borderline [uk]
5.	A 2014-12-22 06:19:38 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2014-12-21 23:33:34 Curtis Naito <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	In GG5 "何せ" links to "何しろ".
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1577110">何せ</xref>
3.	A* 2014-12-21 23:29:55 Curtis Naito <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24,2 @@ +<gloss>as you know</gloss> +<gloss>for you see</gloss>
2.	A 2012-12-12 02:35:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-12-12 00:08:27 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch/3/2ss/176460/
	Comments:	Adding "because" to the meanings. I've seen it used that way, and that's how it's used in the example sentence.
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +23,1 @@ +<gloss>because</gloss>

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jmdict 1260450 Active (id: 2216602)
遣る瀬無い [rK] ；遣る瀬ない [sK] ；やる瀬ない [sK]
【やるせない】

1.

[adj-i] [uk]
▶ miserable
▶ wretched
▶ disconsolate
▶ helpless
▶ cheerless
▶ sorrowful
▶ downhearted
▶ dreary
▶ having no way to dispel (a feeling)
▶ having no solace (from)

Conjugations

History:

11.	A 2022-12-22 07:31:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Simpler, I guess.
10.	A* 2022-12-22 07:11:12
	Diff:	@@ -30 +30 @@ -<gloss>having no way to dispel (a certain emotion)</gloss> +<gloss>having no way to dispel (a feeling)</gloss>
9.	A 2022-12-22 00:17:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	遣る瀬無い 4069 2.6% 遣る瀬ない 922 0.6% やる瀬ない 690 0.4% やるせない 150759 96.4%
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +14 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
8.	A 2022-12-20 20:09:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2022-12-20 15:58:49 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ウィズダム英和辞典 / ウィズダム和英辞典
	Comments:	added definitions
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>wretched</gloss> @@ -22,0 +24 @@ +<gloss>sorrowful</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2020-05-14 23:26:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25 @@ -<gloss>having no way to dispel (of a certain emotion)</gloss> +<gloss>having no way to dispel (a certain emotion)</gloss>
5.	A 2019-12-31 00:54:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	Minor reordering of glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>helpless (against)</gloss> +<gloss>miserable</gloss> @@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<gloss>helpless</gloss> @@ -22 +23 @@ -<gloss>miserable</gloss> +<gloss>downhearted</gloss> @@ -24 +24,0 @@ -<gloss>downhearted</gloss>
4.	A 2019-09-21 00:47:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	遣る瀬無い 4069 遣る瀬ない 922 やる瀬ない 690 やるせない 150759 GG5: cheerless; uneasy; helpless; dreary; wretched; inconsolable; grief-stricken; disconsolate. 中辞典: downhearted; 《文》 disconsolate ルミナス: miserable, wretched, ... lonesome
	Comments:	As a general style, I prefer the short adjectival glosses to lead.
	Diff:	@@ -19,2 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>having no way to dispel (of a certain emotion)</gloss> -<gloss>having no solace from</gloss> @@ -26,0 +25,2 @@ +<gloss>having no way to dispel (of a certain emotion)</gloss> +<gloss>having no solace (from)</gloss>
3.	A* 2019-09-20 10:50:03
	Refs:	大辞林 + 大辞泉
	Comments:	「彼女の看護のおかげでどんどん回復していく。だが記憶はいっこうに戻る様子はなかった。彼女さえいればどうでもいいか・・・回復するにつれて彼女への思いはつのる一方だった、そのやるせない思いを打ち明ける前にその事件は起こった・・・」
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19,4 @@ -<gloss>helpless</gloss> +<gloss>having no way to dispel (of a certain emotion)</gloss> +<gloss>having no solace from</gloss> +<gloss>helpless (against)</gloss> +<gloss>disconsolate</gloss> @@ -22 +24,0 @@ -<gloss>disconsolate</gloss>
2.	A 2015-03-12 11:51:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2015-03-12 11:30:16
	Refs:	bing: 遣る瀬無い 26k 遣る瀬ない 4k やる瀬ない 3k やるせない 288k
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>

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jmdict 1275330 Active (id: 2216505)
厚かましい [ichi1]
【あつかましい [ichi1] 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ impudent
▶ shameless
▶ brazen
▶ cheeky
▶ presumptuous

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2022-12-20 20:12:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 15:03:21
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/厚かましい/#je-1177
	Comments:	added definition
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@ +<gloss>cheeky</gloss> +<gloss>presumptuous</gloss>

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jmdict 1298890 Active (id: 2216789)
擦り付ける；なすり付ける [sK] ；擦りつける [sK] ；擦付ける [sK]
【なすりつける】

1.

[v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to rub (on)
▶ to wipe
▶ to daub
▶ to smear

2.

[v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to lay (the blame on someone)
▶ to pin
▶ to shift

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2086270 擦る【なする】 2. to lay the blame on

Conjugations

History:

15.	A 2022-12-23 21:32:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
14.	A* 2022-12-23 21:24:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -25,3 +26,4 @@ -<gloss>to rub on</gloss> -<gloss>to rub against</gloss> -<gloss>to wipe on</gloss> +<gloss>to rub (on)</gloss> +<gloss>to wipe</gloss> +<gloss>to daub</gloss> +<gloss>to smear</gloss> @@ -33 +35,3 @@ -<gloss>to lay the blame on</gloss> +<gloss>to lay (the blame on someone)</gloss> +<gloss>to pin</gloss> +<gloss>to shift</gloss>
13.	A 2022-12-22 10:28:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12.	A* 2022-12-21 23:58:25 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Okay, I'll drop the こす* and す* forms from this entry and propose that we restore entry 1595860. I don't see "to nuzzle against" used in any of the kokugo/JE examples for なすりつける. I think that meaning might only apply to すりつける and こすりつける. It seems sense [1] for なすりつける is used more in the sense of rubbing dirt onto clothes, ointment onto a wound, paint onto a canvas, etc. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 鼻をこすりつけ │ 873 │ 75.5% │ │ 鼻をすりつけ　 │ 263 │ 22.8% │ │ 鼻をなすりつけ │ 20 │ 1.7% │ - "nuzzle against" usage is rare for なすりつける ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯ ╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 罪をなすりつけ　 │ 4,509 │ 61.7% │ │ 罪を擦り付け　　 │ 2,259 │ 30.9% │ - 擦り付ける seems to be the most common kanji form │ 罪をなすり付け　 │ 432 │ 5.9% │ │ 罪を擦りつけ　　 │ 113 │ 1.5% │ │ 罪を擦付け　　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ├─ーーーーーーーー─┼───────┼───────┤ │ 責任をなすりつけ │ 5,889 │ 66.9% │ │ 責任を擦り付け　 │ 2,172 │ 24.7% │ │ 責任をなすり付け │ 592 │ 6.7% │ │ 責任を擦りつけ　 │ 146 │ 1.7% │ │ 責任を擦付け　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Comments:	I see two example sentences in tatoeba for なすりつける: 彼らは私に責任をなすりつけた。彼は責任を友人になすりつけた。 and two for すりつける: ネコは彼女に顔をすりつける。お前の鼻をクソに擦りつけてやった。
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>擦りつける</keb> +<keb>なすり付ける</keb> @@ -11,10 +11,2 @@ -<keb>すり付ける</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>摩り付ける</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>摺り付ける</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>摩りつける</keb> +<keb>擦りつける</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -23,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -27,10 +19,0 @@ -<re_restr>擦り付ける</re_restr> -<re_restr>擦りつける</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>すりつける</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>こすりつける</reb> -<re_restr>擦り付ける</re_restr> -<re_restr>擦りつける</re_restr> @@ -45 +27,0 @@ -<gloss>to nuzzle against (e.g. dog nosing a person)</gloss> @@ -48 +29,0 @@ -<stagr>なすりつける</stagr> @@ -53,8 +33,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<stagr>すりつける</stagr> -<stagr>こすりつける</stagr> -<pos>&v1;</pos> -<pos>&vt;</pos> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<gloss>to strike (a match)</gloss>
11.	A* 2022-12-21 22:18:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, probably a good idea to reverse the 2012 merge and add the extra forms. Can you set it up?
(show/hide 10 older log entries)
10.	A* 2022-12-20 18:25:20 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 擦り付け　 │ 48,494 │ 25.2% │ - │ こすり付け │ 15,329 │ 8.0% │ - not in this entry │ 擦りつけ　 │ 14,840 │ 7.7% │ - │ なすり付け │ 5,296 │ 2.7% │ - not in this entry │ すり付け　 │ 1,826 │ 0.9% │ - │ 摺り付け　 │ 530 │ 0.3% │ - │ 摺りつけ　 │ 356 │ 0.2% │ - not in this entry │ 摩り付け　 │ 145 │ 0.1% │ - │ 摺付け　　 │ 93 │ 0.0% │ - not in this entry │ 擦付け　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ - │ 摩付け　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ - not in this entry │ 摩りつけ　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ - │ なすりつけ │ 46,520 │ 24.1% │ │ こすりつけ │ 47,625 │ 24.7% │ │ すりつけ　 │ 11,652 │ 6.0% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	I think it'd be useful to have こすり付ける and なすり付ける in JMdict, but this entry is already about to burst. Splitting なすりつける into a separate entry seems like it would simplify things immensely.
9.	A 2015-08-28 01:52:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	kinda bad, yeah
8.	A* 2015-08-17 10:09:08 luce
	Refs:	n-grams 擦り付ける 1138 擦りつける 722 すり付ける 31 摩り付ける 10 摺り付ける 11 摩りつける 2 擦付ける No matches なすりつける 980 すりつける 269 こすりつける 1396 - 擦り付け 2915 擦りつけ 1715 なすりつけ 2285 すりつけ 900 こすりつけ 3956 prog has すり付ける and なすり付ける eij has all-kana and ～付ける forms
	Comments:	I think this is quite messy after the merge
	Diff:	@@ -40,0 +41 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -49,0 +51 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -56,0 +59 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
7.	A 2012-07-21 23:04:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2012-07-19 20:52:10 Scott
	Comments:	You missed that one
	Diff:	@@ -44,0 +44,1 @@ +<gloss>to nuzzle against (e.g. dog nosing a person)</gloss>
5.	A 2012-07-11 13:49:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2012-07-09 18:16:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	merge. borderline of what we can get away with, i think
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,15 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>すり付ける</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>摩り付ける</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>摺り付ける</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>摩りつける</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>擦付ける</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -12,0 +27,10 @@ +<re_restr>擦り付ける</re_restr> +<re_restr>擦りつける</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>すりつける</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>こすりつける</reb> +<re_restr>擦り付ける</re_restr> +<re_restr>擦りつける</re_restr> @@ -16,1 +41,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1595860">擦り付ける・すりつける・1</xref> +<gloss>to rub on</gloss> @@ -18,0 +43,1 @@ +<gloss>to wipe on</gloss> @@ -20,0 +46,1 @@ +<stagr>なすりつける</stagr> @@ -22,1 +49,0 @@ -<gloss>to blame another</gloss> @@ -25,0 +51,7 @@ +<sense> +<stagr>すりつける</stagr> +<stagr>こすりつける</stagr> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to strike (a match)</gloss> +</sense>
3.	A* 2012-07-02 14:54:51 Scott
	Comments:	But they don't share the second meaning. Nor the "to strike (a match)" meaning. I feel like it's simpler to keep entries separate when possible. Huge merged entries are a mess for both users and editors. And gg5/koj/daijr don't merge.
2.	A* 2012-06-28 03:13:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5
	Comments:	Bringing in this sense first makes a significant overlap with こすりつける/すりつける (same kanji form.) Probably it should be merged.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1595860">擦り付ける・すりつける・1</xref>
1.	A* 2012-06-25 21:19:08 Scott
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,5 @@ +<gloss>to rub against</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -17,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>to lay the blame on</gloss>

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jmdict 1419600 Active (id: 2216507)
断固 [news1,nf11,nf21] ；断乎 [rK]
【だんこ [news1,nf11] 】

1.

[adj-t,adv-to]
▶ firm
▶ determined
▶ resolute
▶ conclusive

History:

2.	A 2022-12-20 20:20:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 17:01:29 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 断固　 │ 378,276 │ 98.2% │ │ 断乎　 │ 6,929 │ 1.8% │ 🡠 rK (daijr/s, koj, etc.) │ だんこ │ 8,917 │ N/A │ ╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1577130 Active (id: 2216580)
何時でも [ichi1]
【いつでも [ichi1] ；なんどきでも】

1.

[adv] [uk]
▶ always
▶ all the time
▶ at all times

2.

[adv] [uk]
▶ (at) any time
▶ whenever (you like)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2826371 何時なりと【いつなりと】 1. (at) any time; whenever

History:

3.	A 2022-12-22 00:39:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Diff:	@@ -17 +16,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1959930">何時だって</xref> @@ -19,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>all the time</gloss> @@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>all the time</gloss> @@ -27 +26 @@ -<gloss>whenever</gloss> +<gloss>whenever (you like)</gloss>
2.	A 2022-12-20 03:09:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Most JEs don't split these senses.
1.	A* 2022-12-20 01:14:25 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/何時でも/#je-3912
	Comments:	added definition
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>(at) any time</gloss> @@ -21,0 +21,6 @@ +<gloss>all the time</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>(at) any time</gloss>

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jmdict 1577160 Active (id: 2217524)
どれ程；何程 [rK] ；何れ程 [rK]
【どれほど】

1.	[adv,n] [uk] ▶ how much ▶ how many
2.	[adv,n] [uk] 《as どれほど...ても/でも, etc.》 ▶ no matter how (much) ▶ however
3.	[adv,n] [uk] 《as どれほども, with neg. verb》 ▶ (not) many ▶ (not) much ▶ almost (none) ▶ hardly ▶ barely

History:

6.	A 2022-12-30 05:07:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess so.
	Diff:	@@ -29 +29 @@ -<s_inf>as どれほど...ても, どれほど...でも, etc.</s_inf> +<s_inf>as どれほど...ても/でも, etc.</s_inf>
5.	A* 2022-12-20 07:34:43 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/何れ程/#je-55509
	Comments:	added definitions
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24,19 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>as どれほど...ても, どれほど...でも, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>no matter how (much)</gloss> +<gloss>however</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>as どれほども, with neg. verb</s_inf> +<gloss>(not) many</gloss> +<gloss>(not) much</gloss> +<gloss>almost (none)</gloss> +<gloss>hardly</gloss> +<gloss>barely</gloss>
4.	A 2022-06-29 08:03:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Both GG5 and 中辞典 mention many.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>how many</gloss>
3.	A* 2022-06-28 23:08:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's necessarily to include "long" or "far". "how far" is just "how much distance".
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -21 +22 @@ -<gloss>how much (long, far)</gloss> +<gloss>how much</gloss>
2.	A 2022-06-27 07:33:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes. I'll do it.
	Diff:	@@ -16,4 +15,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>なにほど</reb> -<re_restr>何程</re_restr>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2022-06-27 05:53:00 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	どれ程 81554 8.0% 何程 4172 0.4% 何れ程 449 0.0% どれほど 926991 91.5%
	Comments:	should なにほど be split out as obsc?
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1631990 Active (id: 2216468)

しゃんと；シャンと

1.

[adv,vs] [on-mim]
▶ being in shape
▶ holding a dignified appearance

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-12-20 05:25:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-12-20 04:11:17 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ しゃんと │ 79,995 │ 64.2% │ │ シャンと │ 44,614 │ 35.8% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>シャンと</reb>
2.	A 2017-09-17 10:29:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-09-17 06:00:02 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 koj daijs
	Comments:	not a noun daijs has 4 senses...
	Diff:	@@ -9 +8,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos>

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jmdict 1662470 Active (id: 2216508)
揺るぎない；揺るぎ無い；揺ぎ無い [io]
【ゆるぎない】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ firm
▶ solid
▶ steady
▶ secure
▶ unshakeable
▶ unwavering

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2022-12-20 20:22:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2022-12-20 17:07:47 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 揺るぎない │ 99,876 │ 52.8% │ │ 揺るぎ無い │ 6,266 │ 3.3% │ │ 揺ぎ無い　 │ 19,027 │ 10.1% │ 🡠 adding (only shinmeikai) │ ゆるぎない │ 63,899 │ 33.8% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>揺ぎ無い</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2022-12-16 12:07:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>firm</gloss> @@ -16 +16,0 @@ -<gloss>firm</gloss> @@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>secure</gloss>
3.	A* 2022-12-15 21:35:38 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 揺るぎ無い │ 6,266 │ 3.7% │ │ 揺るぎない │ 99,876 │ 58.7% │ 🡠 moving up │ ゆるぎ無い │ 58 │ 0.0% │ │ ゆるぎない │ 63,899 │ 37.6% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>揺るぎ無い</keb> +<keb>揺るぎない</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>揺るぎない</keb> +<keb>揺るぎ無い</keb>
2.	A 2013-07-08 08:07:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-07-07 15:36:22 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.wordreference.com/enja/unshakeable http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/unshakeable http://ejjedictionary.com/word/確乎たる/
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,2 @@ +<gloss>unshakeable</gloss> +<gloss>unwavering</gloss>

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jmdict 1868300 Active (id: 2216389)
岳麓
【がくろく】

1.

[n]
▶ foot of Mount Fuji

History:

1.	A 2022-12-20 02:57:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>foot of Mt Fuji</gloss> +<gloss>foot of Mount Fuji</gloss>

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jmdict 1956330 Active (id: 2216465)
師
【し】

1.	[n] ▶ teacher ▶ master ▶ mentor
2.	[n,suf] ▶ religious leader
3.	[suf] ▶ specialist
4.	[n] [hist] ▶ five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou dynasty Chinese army)

History:

6.	A 2022-12-20 05:23:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -28 +28 @@ -<gloss>five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)</gloss> +<gloss>five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou dynasty Chinese army)</gloss>
5.	A 2022-01-03 21:36:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-01-03 14:41:08 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>one's mentor</gloss> +<gloss>mentor</gloss>
3.	A 2021-10-16 07:03:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -27 +27 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> +<misc>&hist;</misc>
2.	A 2011-05-06 22:34:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -27,0 +27,1 @@ +<misc>&arch;</misc>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2011-05-06 07:06:45 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +25,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 2027100 Active (id: 2216831)
何れ丈 [rK]
【どれだけ [spec1] 】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ how much
▶ how many
▶ to what extent

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2243590 どんだけ 1. how much; how many; to what extent

History:

8.	A 2022-12-24 02:27:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I've unlinked the sentence.
7.	A* 2022-12-22 00:45:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The added sense is not in daijr (or any other kokugo). どれだけ can be used like this, of course, but it's no different from 何, いつ, どこ, etc. in that respect.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<gloss>how long</gloss> @@ -19,7 +17,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&exp;</pos> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<s_inf>as どれだけ...ても,...でも, etc.</s_inf> -<gloss>no matter how (much)</gloss> -<gloss>however</gloss>
6.	A 2022-12-20 20:40:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Odd character.
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25 @@ -<gloss>however</gloss> +<gloss>however</gloss>
5.	A 2022-12-20 10:34:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Trimming. I've indexed a sentence for sense 2.
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23 @@ -<s_inf>as どれだけ...ても, どれだけ...でも, etc.</s_inf> +<s_inf>as どれだけ...ても,...でも, etc.</s_inf>
4.	A* 2022-12-20 07:22:11 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	スーパー大辞林
	Comments:	added definitions
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss>how many</gloss> @@ -17,0 +19,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>as どれだけ...ても, どれだけ...でも, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>no matter how (much)</gloss> +<gloss>however</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2021-11-30 10:32:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	何れだけ 627 どれだけ 4107347
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2018-02-25 04:14:35 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, two senses, but it'd be a tough split.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>何れ丈</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
1.	A 2004-11-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2083990 Active (id: 2216748)

ならない [spec1] ；ならぬ [sk] ；ならん [sk] ；なりません [sk]

1.	[exp,adj-i] 《as ...てならない》 ▶ cannot help (feeling) ▶ unbearably ▶ awfully ▶ irresistibly
2.	[exp,adj-i] 《as ...てはならない》 ▶ must not ... ▶ should not ...
3.	[exp,adj-i] 《as ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, ...ねばならない, etc.》 ▶ must ... ▶ have to ... ▶ ought to ...
4.	[exp,adj-i] ▶ cannot ▶ unable to
5.	[exp,adj-i] [dated] 《as ...ではならない》 ▶ not

Conjugations

History:

21.	A 2022-12-23 06:03:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ならない 41782162 73.2% ならぬ 2711492 4.8% ならん 2486657 4.4% なりません 10102502 17.7%
	Comments:	Probably safe. The count for なりません will include false positives.
20.	A* 2022-12-23 00:01:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, meikyo, DIJG
	Comments:	Added sense. I suggest making ならぬ and ならん (and なりません) search-only so that we can add adj-i tags. ならなかった should be searchable.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -12,0 +14,5 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>なりません</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -16,4 +22,6 @@ -<s_inf>usu. ...てならない or ...でならない</s_inf> -<gloss>cannot help (doing, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>cannot resist</gloss> -<gloss>cannot bear not to</gloss> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<s_inf>as ...てならない</s_inf> +<gloss>cannot help (feeling)</gloss> +<gloss>unbearably</gloss> +<gloss>awfully</gloss> +<gloss>irresistibly</gloss> @@ -23 +31,2 @@ -<s_inf>usu. ...てはならない or ...ではならない</s_inf> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<s_inf>as ...てはならない</s_inf> @@ -29,2 +38,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref> -<s_inf>usu. ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, or ...ねばならない</s_inf> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<s_inf>as ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, ...ねばならない, etc.</s_inf> @@ -37 +46 @@ -<gloss>can't</gloss> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> @@ -39,0 +49,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<misc>&dated;</misc> +<s_inf>as ...ではならない</s_inf> +<gloss>not</gloss>
19.	A 2022-12-21 23:15:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree. I sort-of suggested dropping it in 2015.
	Diff:	@@ -13,3 +12,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>なりません</reb>
18.	A* 2022-12-20 13:36:50 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think なりません belongs here.
17.	A 2022-12-20 10:52:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not a verb.
	Diff:	@@ -42 +42 @@ -<gloss>to be unable to</gloss> +<gloss>unable to</gloss>
(show/hide 16 older log entries)
16.	A* 2022-12-20 08:25:26 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/ならない/#je-56678
	Comments:	added definition
	Diff:	@@ -36,0 +37,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<gloss>can't</gloss> +<gloss>cannot</gloss> +<gloss>to be unable to</gloss>
15.	A 2018-02-25 04:19:04 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -36 +36 @@ -<gloss>ought to ....</gloss> +<gloss>ought to ...</gloss>
14.	A 2016-09-12 01:21:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This entry has been open for over 10 months, and the last comment was 5 months ago, so I'll close it for now. I was wondering why we have it - I guess its main use is for beginners to look up something like ならん or ならぬ and see they are equivalent to ならない/なりません. Harmless, really.
13.	A* 2016-04-20 05:14:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google n-grams: てならない 519923 * でならない 161387 * てはならない 4713321 ではならない 53306 なくてはならない 2305618 * なければならない 15755700 * ねばならない 1511774 * * = already an entry.
	Comments:	I keep looking at this entry and wondering why it is here at all. Apart from (possibly) ならん, all the headwords are just inflections of なる, and it's rather misleading to have them in an entry or entries where they are something else. I suspect the best thing is to create entries for てはならない and ではならない (the rest of the "usu. ..." are entries already) and drop this one entirely.
	Diff:	@@ -34 +33,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref>
12.	A* 2015-12-09 00:02:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ならない 41782162 ならん 2486657 ならぬ 2711492 なりません 10102502
	Comments:	Re the POS, I think the point can be stretched here and the "adj-i" omitted. Splitting seems overkill. As for なりません, I have problems with it being here as it's often just なる negated, but in text glossing it gets matched with this entry. Here it is mainly associated with sense 3, but なければなりません, etc. is already an entry. Perhaps an "also なりません" somewhere?
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<reb>ならん</reb> +<reb>ならぬ</reb> @@ -12 +12 @@ -<reb>ならぬ</reb> +<reb>ならん</reb> @@ -31,0 +32,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref>
11.	A* 2015-12-01 05:44:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	the ~ない inflects as an i-adjective. the others clearly do not. should be split?
10.	A 2015-12-01 05:42:13 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	kept the reordering and restored なりません for now. i agree that the ZARU form is unnecessary
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<reb>ならざる</reb> +<reb>なりません</reb>
9.	A* 2015-11-16 07:48:28 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Maybe this is not needed. When I suggested this, I had not yet realized that ざるを得ない / ざるを得ぬ is a standard phrase.
8.	A* 2015-11-14 15:32:55 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	From a short story by 和重阿部: 就寝が遅くならざるを得ぬ暮らしをずっと続けている Here I think ならざる is a literary form of ならない.
	Comments:	reordered added ならざる removed なりません (seems unnecessary)
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +<reb>ならん</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -12,4 +15 @@ -<reb>ならん</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>なりません</reb> +<reb>ならざる</reb>
7.	A 2011-11-01 10:04:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fair enough
	Diff:	@@ -21,2 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>irresistibly</gloss> -<gloss>unbearably</gloss> +<gloss>cannot resist</gloss> +<gloss>cannot bear not to</gloss>
6.	A* 2011-10-31 03:17:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo
	Comments:	also ならん and なりません. additional forms for sense 3. i'm not sure i like the adverb glosses in sense 1
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,6 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ならん</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>なりません</reb> @@ -26,1 +32,1 @@ -<s_inf>often neg. て-form + ならない</s_inf> +<s_inf>usu. ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, or ...ねばならない</s_inf>
5.	A* 2011-10-20 10:03:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典, ルミナス, Daijr
	Comments:	Quite difficult to summarize succinctly.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<s_inf>usu. ...てならない or ...でならない</s_inf> @@ -19,4 +20,10 @@ -<gloss>must not do</gloss> -<gloss>bad</gloss> -<gloss>wrong</gloss> -<gloss>not good</gloss> +<s_inf>usu. ...てはならない or ...ではならない</s_inf> +<gloss>must not ...</gloss> +<gloss>should not ...</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<s_inf>often neg. て-form + ならない</s_inf> +<gloss>must ...</gloss> +<gloss>have to ...</gloss> +<gloss>ought to ....</gloss>
4.	A* 2011-10-20 06:30:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	"amendment" to this entry submitted as new entry 2664020: "I don't know all the details, but the old meaning of "cannot help (doing, etc.)" couldn't be verified by a native speaker. I think the definition of "でならない" may also need to be looked at."
	Comments:	opening for consideration
3.	A 2011-01-27 11:30:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I have aligned the KD entry.
2.	A* 2011-01-27 02:27:42 Hendrik
	Comments:	No change to this ED entry, just to let you know that "Text Glossing" offers a different (incomplete) definition, which is in most cases unhelpful: ならない (exp) cannot help ..ing; irresistibly; unbearably; KD Can the ED entry be given preference before the KD entry?
1.	A 2006-06-04 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2093860 Active (id: 2216420)
李氏朝鮮
【りしちょうせん】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ Joseon dynasty (of Korea; 1392-1910)
▶ Yi dynasty

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2093870 李朝【りちょう】 1. Joseon dynasty (Korea, 1392-1910); Yi dynasty

History:

7.	A 2022-12-20 05:12:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Yi Dynasty</gloss> +<gloss>Yi dynasty</gloss>
6.	A 2022-12-20 05:11:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	dynasty conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>Joseon Dynasty (of Korea; 1392-1910)</gloss> +<gloss>Joseon dynasty (of Korea; 1392-1910)</gloss>
5.	A 2021-10-07 14:14:40 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>Joseon Dynasty (Korea, 1392-1910)</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>Joseon Dynasty (of Korea; 1392-1910)</gloss>
4.	A 2020-08-17 07:02:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr & KOD just call it the dynasty.
3.	A* 2020-08-15 20:21:24 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Wouldn't "Joseon Korea"/"oiseon Dynasty Korea"/"Korea under the Joseon Dynasty" be more accurate?
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2020-08-15 14:03:58 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 koj daijs
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>Joseon Dynasty</gloss> -<gloss>Yi Dynasty (1392-1910) Korea</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2093870">李朝・りちょう</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2093870">李朝・りちょう・1</xref> +<gloss>Joseon Dynasty (Korea, 1392-1910)</gloss> +<gloss>Yi Dynasty</gloss>
1.	A 2006-08-08 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2093870 Active (id: 2216423)
李朝
【りちょう】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ Joseon dynasty (Korea, 1392-1910)
▶ Yi dynasty

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2093860 李氏朝鮮【りしちょうせん】 1. Joseon dynasty (of Korea; 1392-1910); Yi dynasty

2.

[n] [hist]
▶ Ly dynasty (Vietnam, 1009-1225)

History:

7.	A 2022-12-20 05:15:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Yi Dynasty</gloss> +<gloss>Yi dynasty</gloss>
6.	A 2022-12-20 05:12:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>Ly Dynasty (Vietnam, 1009-1225)</gloss> +<gloss>Ly dynasty (Vietnam, 1009-1225)</gloss>
5.	A 2022-12-20 05:11:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	dynasty conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>Joseon Dynasty (Korea, 1392-1910)</gloss> +<gloss>Joseon dynasty (Korea, 1392-1910)</gloss>
4.	A 2021-10-07 14:13:38 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc> @@ -17,0 +19 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>
3.	A 2020-08-17 06:35:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2020-08-15 14:03:50 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 koj daijs wiki
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,7 @@ -<gloss>Joseon Dynasty</gloss> -<gloss>Yi Dynasty of Korea (1392-1910)</gloss> -<gloss>Ly Dynasty of Vietnam (1009-1225)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2093860">李氏朝鮮・りしちょうせん</xref> +<gloss>Joseon Dynasty (Korea, 1392-1910)</gloss> +<gloss>Yi Dynasty</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>Ly Dynasty (Vietnam, 1009-1225)</gloss>
1.	A 2006-08-08 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2137600 Active (id: 2216583)
惨たらしい；酷たらしい
【むごたらしい】

1.

[adj-i] [uk]
▶ (incredibly) cruel
▶ atrocious
▶ brutal
▶ horrible
▶ terrible
▶ horrific
▶ tragic

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-12-22 01:20:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	Only one sense in the JEs and kokugos. I don't think it's necessary to split (or have so many glosses).
	Diff:	@@ -16,3 +16 @@ -<gloss>cruel</gloss> -<gloss>merciless</gloss> -<gloss>pitiless</gloss> +<gloss>(incredibly) cruel</gloss> @@ -21,4 +19,3 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&adj-i;</pos> -<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>horrible</gloss> +<gloss>terrible</gloss> +<gloss>horrific</gloss> @@ -26,8 +22,0 @@ -<gloss>terrible</gloss> -<gloss>miserable</gloss> -<gloss>wretched</gloss> -<gloss>horrible</gloss> -<gloss>horrifying</gloss> -<gloss>dreadful</gloss> -<gloss>gory</gloss> -<gloss>gruesome</gloss>
3.	A* 2022-12-20 17:01:28
	Refs:	gakkoku, daijisen
	Comments:	むごたらしい as the kokugos say is "incredibly むごい" and thus not simply a synonym to むごい
2.	A* 2022-12-20 15:36:35 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/惨たらしい/#je-73724
	Comments:	added definitions
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,16 @@ -<gloss>incredibly brutal</gloss> +<gloss>cruel</gloss> +<gloss>merciless</gloss> +<gloss>pitiless</gloss> +<gloss>atrocious</gloss> +<gloss>brutal</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>tragic</gloss> +<gloss>terrible</gloss> +<gloss>miserable</gloss> +<gloss>wretched</gloss> +<gloss>horrible</gloss> +<gloss>horrifying</gloss> +<gloss>dreadful</gloss>
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2254310 Active (id: 2216467)
六部
【りくぶ】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ Six Ministries (in Sui dynasty to Qing dynasty China)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2254270 刑部【けいぶ】 1. Ministry of Justice (in Tang dynasty China)
	⇐ see: 2254240 戸部【こぶ】 1. Ministry of Revenue (Tang dynasty China)
	⇐ see: 2254280 工部【こうぶ】 1. Ministry of Works (Tang dynasty China)
	⇐ see: 2254260 兵部【へいぶ】 1. Ministry of War (Tang dynasty China)
	⇐ see: 2254290 吏部【りぶ】 1. Ministry of Personnel (Tang dynasty China)
	⇐ see: 2254250 礼部【れいぶ】 1. Ministry of Rites (Tang dynasty China)

History:

5.	A 2022-12-20 05:24:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Six Ministries (in Sui dynasty to Qing-dynasty China)</gloss> +<gloss>Six Ministries (in Sui dynasty to Qing dynasty China)</gloss>
4.	A 2022-12-20 05:20:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	dynasty conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Six Ministries (in Sui-dynasty to Qing-dynasty China)</gloss> +<gloss>Six Ministries (in Sui dynasty to Qing-dynasty China)</gloss>
3.	A 2021-10-05 22:07:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2021-10-04 01:33:35 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>Six Ministries (Sui-dynasty to Qing-dynasty China)</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>Six Ministries (in Sui-dynasty to Qing-dynasty China)</gloss>
1.	A 2008-02-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2254320 Active (id: 2216464)
三省
【さんしょう】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ three ministries (under the ritsuryō system: Ministries of Civil Services, Health and War)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1738990 律令制 1. ritsuryō system; ancient East Asian system of centralized governance; in Japan: esp. 7th-10th century

2.

[n] [hist]
▶ three departments (in Tang dynasty China: Secretariat, Chancellory and Dept. of State Affairs)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2254220 門下省【もんかしょう】 1. Chancellery (Tang dynasty China)
	⇐ see: 2254210 中書省【ちゅうしょしょう】 1. Secretariat (Tang dynasty China)
	⇐ see: 2254230 尚書省【しょうしょしょう】 1. Department of State Affairs (Tang dynasty China)

History:

6.	A 2022-12-20 05:22:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>three departments (in Tang-dynasty China: Secretariat, Chancellory and Dept. of State Affairs)</gloss> +<gloss>three departments (in Tang dynasty China: Secretariat, Chancellory and Dept. of State Affairs)</gloss>
5.	A 2021-10-16 07:42:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>three ministries (under the ritsuryo system: Ministries of Civil Services, Health and War)</gloss> +<gloss>three ministries (under the ritsuryō system: Ministries of Civil Services, Health and War)</gloss>
4.	A 2021-10-05 09:11:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>three ministries (under the ritsuryo system: Ministries of Civil Services, Health & War)</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>three ministries (under the ritsuryo system: Ministries of Civil Services, Health and War)</gloss> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>
3.	A 2019-03-25 01:13:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2019-03-23 23:30:14 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>three departments (in Tang-dynasty China: Secretariat, Chancellory & Dept. of State Affairs)</gloss> +<gloss>three departments (in Tang-dynasty China: Secretariat, Chancellory and Dept. of State Affairs)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2008-02-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2567280 Active (id: 2216466)
耳当；耳璫；耳とう；珥璫；珥とう
【じとう】

1.

[n] [arch]
▶ earplug (traditional jewellery worn in the earlobe, popular in Han dynasty China)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2567290 耳栓【じせん】 1. earplug (traditional jewellery worn in the earlobe, popular in Jomon-period Japan)

History:

3.	A 2022-12-20 05:23:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25 @@ -<gloss>earplug (traditional jewellery worn in the earlobe, popular in Han-dynasty China)</gloss> +<gloss>earplug (traditional jewellery worn in the earlobe, popular in Han dynasty China)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-08-04 03:23:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	璫 is JI212, i.e. OK.
1.	A* 2010-08-03 08:58:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daijr, daijs
	Comments:	can edict handle 璫?

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jmdict 2571050 Active (id: 2216243)
低軌道
【ていきどう】

1.

[n]
▶ low orbit
▶ low Earth orbit
▶ LEO

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2571060 地球低軌道【ちきゅうていきどう】 1. low Earth orbit

History:

4.	A 2022-12-20 00:49:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm seeing both used, but it's mostly "low Earth orbit" in space industry documents. Some cases of "low-Earth orbit".
3.	A* 2022-12-19 23:15:56 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://style.mla.org/capitalizing-earth-sun-moon/ https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/2286/when-is-it-correct-to-capitalise-earth
	Comments:	I see we have quite a few glosses referring to Earth, the planet, without capitalization. A database search for "earth" shows 499 entries. Might be a little tedious if we want to find and fix all the errors.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>low earth orbit</gloss> +<gloss>low Earth orbit</gloss>
2.	A 2010-08-14 22:55:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	GG5 glosses this as "low earth orbit". I don't think the presence/absence of 地球 changes the basic meaning.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,2 @@ +<gloss>low earth orbit</gloss> +<gloss>LEO</gloss>
1.	A* 2010-08-14 20:15:15 Scott
	Refs:	WP

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jmdict 2571060 Active (id: 2216244)
地球低軌道
【ちきゅうていきどう】

1.

[n]
▶ low Earth orbit

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2571050 低軌道 1. low orbit; low Earth orbit; LEO

History:

3.	A 2022-12-20 00:50:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>low earth orbit</gloss> +<gloss>low Earth orbit</gloss>
2.	A 2010-08-14 22:55:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-08-14 20:16:06 Scott
	Refs:	WP

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jmdict 2579570 Active (id: 2216422)
奴隷王朝
【どれいおうちょう】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ Slave dynasty (of India; 1206-1290)
▶ Mamluk dynasty

History:

6.	A 2022-12-20 05:14:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>Mamluk Dynasty</gloss> +<gloss>Mamluk dynasty</gloss>
5.	A 2022-12-20 05:11:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	dynasty conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Slave Dynasty (of India; 1206-1290)</gloss> +<gloss>Slave dynasty (of India; 1206-1290)</gloss>
4.	A 2021-10-15 11:30:58 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>Slave Dynasty (of India, 1206-1290 CE)</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>Slave Dynasty (of India; 1206-1290)</gloss>
3.	A 2011-04-19 12:38:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fixing non-JIS hyphen.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>Slave Dynasty (of India, 1206–1290 CE)</gloss> +<gloss>Slave Dynasty (of India, 1206-1290 CE)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-09-13 12:26:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2010-09-11 22:17:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij

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jmdict 2579580 Active (id: 2216421)
ハルジー朝
【ハルジーちょう】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ Khalji dynasty (of India; 1290-1320)
▶ Khilji dynasty

History:

7.	A 2022-12-20 05:14:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>Khilji Dynasty</gloss> +<gloss>Khilji dynasty</gloss>
6.	A 2022-12-20 05:11:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	dynasty conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Khalji Dynasty (of India; 1290-1320)</gloss> +<gloss>Khalji dynasty (of India; 1290-1320)</gloss>
5.	A 2021-10-15 11:29:32 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Khalji Dynasty (of India, 1290-1320 CE)</gloss> +<gloss>Khalji Dynasty (of India; 1290-1320)</gloss>
4.	A 2021-10-04 07:24:12 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>
3.	A 2011-04-19 12:39:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fixing non-JIS hyphen.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>Khalji Dynasty (of India, 1290–1320 CE)</gloss> +<gloss>Khalji Dynasty (of India, 1290-1320 CE)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2010-09-13 11:50:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-09-11 22:19:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daijr, daijs

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jmdict 2598440 Active (id: 2216504)
赤富士
【あかふじ】

1.

[n]
▶ red Fuji
▶ [expl] Mount Fuji appearing red because of the sun's rays (typically in the early morning from late summer to early autumn)

History:

5.	A 2022-12-20 20:09:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-12-20 13:40:01 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">when Mount Fuji appears red because of the sun's rays (esp. in the early morning from late summer to early autumn)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">Mount Fuji appearing red because of the sun's rays (typically in the early morning from late summer to early autumn)</gloss>
3.	A 2022-12-20 02:58:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">when Mt Fuji appears red because of the sun's rays (esp. in the early morning from late summer to early autumn)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">when Mount Fuji appears red because of the sun's rays (esp. in the early morning from late summer to early autumn)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-12-02 01:04:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,1 @@ -<gloss>when mount Fuji appears red because of the sun's rays (in the early morning from the end of the summer until the beginning of autumn)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">when Mt Fuji appears red because of the sun's rays (esp. in the early morning from late summer to early autumn)</gloss>
1.	A* 2010-11-30 23:47:31 Scott
	Refs:	koj daij http://blog.winds-unsodo.shop-pro.jp/images/unsodo070824.jpg

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jmdict 2621420 Active (id: 2216515)

カラーギャング；カラー・ギャング

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "color gang"
▶ group of hoodlums whose members all wear clothes in the same color (inspired by US street gangs; esp. associated with Ikebukuro in the late 1990s)

History:

5.	A 2022-12-21 01:09:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-12-20 23:59:54 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	wiki, zokugo, saw on TV
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Japanese street gang</gloss> +<gloss>group of hoodlums whose members all wear clothes in the same color (inspired by US street gangs; esp. associated with Ikebukuro in the late 1990s)</gloss>
3.	A 2013-05-11 07:07:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>カラー・ギャング</reb>
2.	A 2011-03-28 22:55:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<lsource ls_wasei="y">color gang</lsource>
1.	A* 2011-03-28 22:06:13 Scott
	Refs:	wiki

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jmdict 2842888 Active (id: 2216394)
殷鑑遠からず
【いんかんとおからず】

1.

[exp] [proverb]
《from Confucius: "the model for the Yin dynasty is not far-off (but in the collapse of the preceding Xia dynasty)"》
▶ lessons from history are not far to seek

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2842889 殷鑑【いんかん】 1. past example serving as a warning

History:

5.	A 2022-12-20 03:48:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<s_inf>from Confucius: "the model for the Yin Dynasty is not far-off (but in the collapse of the preceding Xia Dynasty)"</s_inf> +<s_inf>from Confucius: "the model for the Yin dynasty is not far-off (but in the collapse of the preceding Xia dynasty)"</s_inf>
4.	A 2020-01-27 23:10:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Pity it's rather long.
3.	A* 2020-01-25 18:35:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	oops
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<s_inf>from Confucius: "the model for the Yin Dynasty is not far-off (but in the collapse of the preceding Shang Dynasty)"</s_inf> +<s_inf>from Confucius: "the model for the Yin Dynasty is not far-off (but in the collapse of the preceding Xia Dynasty)"</s_inf>
2.	A* 2020-01-25 18:34:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij https://ctext.org/book-of-poetry/dang
	Comments:	some kind of note on etymology might be warranted. i was confused what 殷+鑑 meant
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<misc>&proverb;</misc> +<s_inf>from Confucius: "the model for the Yin Dynasty is not far-off (but in the collapse of the preceding Shang Dynasty)"</s_inf>
1.	A* 2020-01-25 14:23:19 Dine2019 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/殷鑑遠からず-437194

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jmdict 2845457 Active (id: 2228523)
準特急
【じゅんとっきゅう】

1.

[n]
▶ semi-express train
▶ semi-limited express

History:

5.	A 2023-04-13 21:16:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2023-04-13 12:35:24 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This is the Hankyu English word for it (saw it on a train)
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>semi-limited express</gloss>
3.	A 2022-12-20 12:38:42 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hankyu renamed their 快速急行 service 準特急 today.
2.	A 2020-06-29 03:15:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-06-29 00:55:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/準特急準特急 12183 準特急列車 105 currently only keio operates juntokkyu according to jpwiki.

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jmdict 2853473 Active (id: 2216388)
ダイヤモンド富士
【ダイヤモンドふじ】

1.

[n]
▶ view of Mount Fuji with the sun aligned with the summit

History:

3.	A 2022-12-20 02:57:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>view of Mt Fuji with the sun aligned with the summit</gloss> +<gloss>view of Mount Fuji with the sun aligned with the summit</gloss>
2.	A 2022-02-02 23:00:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD: “Diamond Fuji”; a view of Mt. Fuji with the sun aligned with the summit.
	Comments:	I don't think the literal translation is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>phenomenon in which may see a shining diamond at summit when the sun rises and sun sets</gloss> +<gloss>view of Mt Fuji with the sun aligned with the summit</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-02-02 13:17:08 solo_han
	Refs:	https://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/honkyoku/kikaku/fuji100/highlight/diamond.htm
	Comments:	ダイヤモンド富士とは富士山頂から太陽が昇る瞬間と夕日が沈む瞬間に、まるでダイヤモンドが輝くような光景が見られることがあり、この現象をタイヤモンド富士といいます

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jmdict 2857050 Active (id: 2237676)
雑家
【ざっか】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ syncretism (in ancient Chinese philosophy)
▶ syncretist

History:

5.	A 2023-05-15 21:01:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
4.	A* 2023-05-15 15:50:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This appears to be only Chinese philosophy term we have tagged as phil. We also have it on one Indian philosophy term. In GG5 and the kokugos, the 哲 tag is reserved for Western philosophy terms. I suggest we treat [phil] the same way.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<field>&phil;</field>
3.	A 2023-05-13 23:58:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>syncretism (within ancient Chinese philosophy)</gloss> +<gloss>syncretism (in ancient Chinese philosophy)</gloss>
2.	A 2022-12-20 03:19:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretism Koj, Daij, etc.
	Comments:	It's not the usual Japanese term for syncretism - it's specific to Chinese philosophy.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>syncretism (ancient Chinese philosophy)</gloss> +<gloss>syncretism (within ancient Chinese philosophy)</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 02:43:00 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/雑家-69137 wiki

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jmdict 2857051 Active (id: 2216479)
ＳａａＳ
【サース】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ Software as a Service
▶ SaaS
▶ on-demand software

History:

2.	A 2022-12-20 10:37:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaaS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>on-demand software</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 06:44:02 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	wiki

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jmdict 2857052 Active (id: 2217523)

それよりも

1.	[exp] ▶ (more) than that
2.	[exp,conj] ▶ more importantly ▶ rather than that ▶ instead (of that)

History:

4.	A 2022-12-30 05:00:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I've reindexed them.
3.	A* 2022-12-23 01:44:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Most of those それよりも examples are　...のそれ+よりも (i.e. "(more) than that of ..."). I don't think they should be indexed to this entry. A lot of these glosses don't look right to me.
	Diff:	@@ -8,4 +8,2 @@ -<pos>&conj;</pos> -<gloss>than that</gloss> -<gloss>over that</gloss> -<gloss>compared to that</gloss> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<gloss>(more) than that</gloss> @@ -13,0 +12 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -16,6 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>more ... than that</gloss> -<gloss>besides that</gloss> -<gloss>apart from that</gloss> -<gloss>other than that</gloss> -<gloss>leaving that aside</gloss> -<gloss>anyway</gloss> +<gloss>rather than that</gloss> +<gloss>instead (of that)</gloss>
2.	A 2022-12-20 10:47:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Jitsuyou それよりも 1356605 それより 3320468 <- entry
	Comments:	Interesting that we have 7 sentences using それよりも (indexed on それ+よりも) and 2 for それより. I'll index the 7.
1.	A* 2022-12-20 08:16:48 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.weblio.jp/content/それよりも#:~:text=（1）話題に上っ,というニュアンスで用いられる。
	Comments:	created entry

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jmdict 2857053 Active (id: 2216569)
自習書
【じしゅうしょ】

1.

[n]
▶ self-study book
▶ self-study manual
▶ crib

History:

3.	A 2022-12-21 22:36:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: 〔語学などの虎の巻〕 a crib. ルミナス: (虎の巻) 《略式》 crib Reverso
	Comments:	I'm not sure "crib" is a great gloss as it's often associated with cheating.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<gloss>self-study book</gloss> +<gloss>self-study manual</gloss> @@ -13,2 +14,0 @@ -<gloss>self-study book</gloss> -<gloss>self-teacher</gloss>
2.	A* 2022-12-20 22:39:45
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>teach-yourself book</gloss> +<gloss>self-study book</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 15:02:10 Alex Lasto <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	研究社　新和英大辞典　第５版

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jmdict 2857054 Active (id: 2216567)
足置き
【あしおき】

1.

[n]
▶ footrest
▶ footstool

History:

2.	A 2022-12-21 22:23:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>???</gloss> +<gloss>footrest</gloss> +<gloss>footstool</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 15:21:52

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jmdict 2857055 Active (id: 2216571)
音響爆弾
【おんきょうばくだん】

1.

[n]
▶ screamer bomb
▶ sound bomb

History:

3.	A 2022-12-21 22:43:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, Eijiro
	Comments:	I've proposed an entry for 音響兵器.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>screamer bomb</gloss>
2.	A* 2022-12-20 17:36:48 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────╮ │ 音響兵器 │ 872 │ 🡠 daijr/s, gg5, wikipedia │ 音響爆弾 │ 612 │ 🡠 only gg5 ╰─ーーーー─┴─────╯ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_weapon https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/音響兵器
	Comments:	It's not clear to me what a "sound bomb" is. A web search brings up different types of motorcycle horns. Maybe this should be an entry for 音響兵器 (sonic weapon; ultrasonic weapon; acoustic weapon). I see a lot of recent tweets containing 兵器, but very few for 爆弾.
1.	A* 2022-12-20 15:53:43 Alex Lasto <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	研究社　新和英大辞典　第５版

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jmnedict 5019774 Active (id: 2273813)

オッペンハイマー [spec1]

1.	[surname] ▶ Oppenheimer
2.	[person] ▶ J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)
3.	[work] ▶ Oppenheimer (2023 film)

History:

6.	A 2023-08-03 00:58:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-08-03 00:13:19 Nicolas Maia
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>J Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)</gloss> +<gloss>J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)</gloss>
4.	A 2023-08-02 09:39:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> @@ -9,0 +11,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<misc>&person;</misc> +<gloss>J Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-08-02 00:27:47
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<misc>&work;</misc> +<gloss>Oppenheimer (2023 film)</gloss>
2.	A 2022-12-20 10:27:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2022-12-20 08:17:51 Nicolas Maia
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> +<misc>&surname;</misc>

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jmnedict 5265911 Active (id: 2216397)
交趾；交阯
【こうし】

1.

[place]
▶ Kōshi (Han dynasty outpost in Vietnam)

History:

1.	A 2022-12-20 04:09:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>交阯</keb> @@ -12 +15 @@ -<gloss>Koushi (Han-dynasty outpost in Vietnam)</gloss> +<gloss>Kōshi (Han dynasty outpost in Vietnam)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5265912 Active (id: 2216395)
交趾
【こうち；コーチ】

1.

[place]
▶ Kōchi (Han dynasty outpost in Vietnam)

History:

1.	A 2022-12-20 04:08:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>コーチ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -12 +15 @@ -<gloss>Kouchi (Han-dynasty outpost in Vietnam)</gloss> +<gloss>Kōchi (Han dynasty outpost in Vietnam)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5265913 Deleted (id: 2216396)
交趾
【コーチ】

1.

[place]
▶ Kouchi (Han-dynasty outpost in Vietnam)

History:

1.	D 2022-12-20 04:08:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merged

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jmnedict 5265914 Deleted (id: 2216398)
交阯
【こうし】

1.

[place]
▶ Koushi (Han-dynasty outpost in Vietnam)

History:

1.	D 2022-12-20 04:09:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merged

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jmnedict 5416617 Active (id: 2216387)
神宮徴古館；神宮微古館
【じんぐうちょうこかん】

1.

[place]
▶ Jingu Chokokan (Ise)

History:

1.	A 2022-12-20 02:55:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Old form.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>神宮微古館</keb>

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jmnedict 5416622 Deleted (id: 2216386)
神宮微古館
【じんぐうちょうこかん】

1.

[place]
▶ (iK) Jingu Chokokan (Ise)

History:

1.	D 2022-12-20 02:54:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merged

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jmnedict 5515337 Active (id: 2216384)
中岳嵩山；中嶽崇山
【ちゅうがくすうざん】

1.

[place]
▶ Mount Songshan (China)

History:

2.	A 2022-12-20 02:52:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merging old form.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>中嶽崇山</keb>
1.	A 2022-12-20 02:47:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Mount conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Mt. Songshan (China)</gloss> +<gloss>Mount Songshan (China)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5520707 Deleted (id: 2216385)
中嶽崇山
【ちゅうがくすうざん】

1.

[place]
▶ (ik) Mount Songshan (China)

History:

2.	D 2022-12-20 02:53:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merged.
1.	A 2022-12-20 02:47:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Mount conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>(ik) Mt. Songshan (China)</gloss> +<gloss>(ik) Mount Songshan (China)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5616955 Active (id: 2216383)
富岳
【ふがく】

1.	[given] ▶ Fugaku
2.	[place] ▶ Mount Fuji (alternative name)
3.	[obj] ▶ Fugaku (supercomputer)

History:

4.	A 2022-12-20 02:49:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>Mt. Fuji (alternative name)</gloss> +<gloss>Mount Fuji (alternative name)</gloss>
3.	A 2021-06-30 20:31:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think of supercomputers as products.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<misc>&product;</misc> +<misc>&obj;</misc>
2.	A 2021-06-29 22:52:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-06-29 12:58:06 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,8 @@ +<sense> +<misc>&place;</misc> +<gloss>Mt. Fuji (alternative name)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<misc>&product;</misc> +<gloss>Fugaku (supercomputer)</gloss> +</sense>

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jmnedict 5745523 Active (id: 2234525)
天宙平和連合
【てんちゅうへいわれんごう [spec1] 】

1.

[organization]
▶ Universal Peace Federation (affiliate of the Unification Church)
▶ UPF

History:

3.	A 2023-05-06 06:13:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding spec1 -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2022-12-21 01:12:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Avoiding a value judgement.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Universal Peace Federation (front group of the Unification Church)</gloss> +<gloss>Universal Peace Federation (affiliate of the Unification Church)</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 13:03:24 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/天宙平和連合 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe Shinzo Abe continued this relationship, and in May 2006, when he was Chief Cabinet Secretary, he and several cabinet ministers sent a congratulatory telegrams to a mass wedding ceremony organised by the UC's front group, Universal Peace Federation (UPF, 天宙平和連合), for 2,500 couples of Japanese and Korean men and women.[29][30][31]

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jmnedict 5745524 Active (id: 2216506)
敬崇
【のりたか】

1.

[male]
▶ Noritaka

History:

2.	A 2022-12-20 20:12:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-12-20 14:06:06 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://www.nikkeyshimbun.jp/2020/200710-41colonia.html

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6.	A 2022-12-20 20:08:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2022-12-20 16:50:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	[ik] to [sk]
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A 2019-10-29 22:32:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	With 800+ in the n-grams, I think it's best to keep it with the "ik". I like having good coverage of gairaigo versions, especially as they enable text-glossing software to work smoothly. If シャンデリヤ were dropped, there'd be a partial match on シャンデリア, then a trailing ヤ and things would get messy.
3.	A* 2019-10-29 22:03:38 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: シャンデリア 302504 シャンデリヤ 802
	Comments:	Could probably drop シャンデリヤ. It's not in the refs.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
2.	A 2012-09-05 22:19:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-09-05 15:35:55 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>シャンデリヤ</reb> +</r_ele>

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