JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1162200 Active (id: 2215786)
一軒一軒
【いっけんいっけん】

1.	[n] ▶ each house ▶ every house
2.	[adv] ▶ house to house ▶ door to door

History:

2.	A 2022-12-15 04:14:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-12-14 23:56:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 examples, reverso 一軒一軒 48601 一軒一軒を 6309 一軒一軒の 5674 一軒一軒に 2717 一軒一軒が 2091 一軒一軒回って 1992 一軒一軒訪問 1695 一軒一軒まわって 1250 一軒一軒訪ね 1196 一軒一軒の家 940
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,5 @@ +<gloss>each house</gloss> +<gloss>every house</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos>

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jmdict 1244620 Active (id: 2215785)
苦杯 [news2,nf27] ；苦盃 [rK] ；苦敗 [sK]
【くはい [news2,nf27] 】

1.

[n]
▶ bitter cup
▶ bitter experience
▶ bitter defeat
▶ ordeal

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2857018 苦杯をなめる 1. to drink a bitter cup; to have a bitter experience; to suffer a defeat

History:

4.	A 2022-12-15 04:14:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-12-14 20:20:05 Opencooper
	Refs:	G n-grams: 苦杯をなめ 5,992 苦盃をなめ 0 <- meikyo; 学研国語大辞典苦敗をなめ 0 <- daijs: 「苦杯」を「苦敗」と書くのは誤り (https://kotobank.jp/word/苦杯を嘗める-484687)
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>苦盃</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>苦敗</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +24 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2857018">苦杯をなめる</xref>
2.	A 2022-12-05 10:12:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>bitter defeat</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-05 09:14:08 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/苦杯
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>bitter experience (ordeal)</gloss> +<gloss>bitter cup</gloss> +<gloss>bitter experience</gloss> +<gloss>ordeal</gloss>

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jmdict 1284700 Active (id: 2215819)
合議 [news1,nf23]
【ごうぎ [news1,nf23] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ consultation
▶ conference
▶ discussion
▶ counsel

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2022-12-15 10:45:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>counsel</gloss>
2.	A* 2022-12-14 14:20:33 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ja/dictionary/japanese-english/合議
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<gloss>discussion</gloss>
1.	A 2021-11-18 00:48:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1345530 Active (id: 2215764)
序文 [spec2,news2,nf27] ；叙文 [rK]
【じょぶん [spec2,news2,nf27] 】

1.

[n]
▶ preface
▶ foreword
▶ introduction

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1956430 序【じょ】 3. foreword; preface; introduction

History:

5.	A 2022-12-15 00:16:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -22 +21,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
4.	A* 2022-12-14 06:21:44 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 序文　　 │ 123,240 │ 99.9% │ │ 叙文　　 │ 108 │ 0.1% │ 🡠 rK (daijr/s, koj) │ じょぶん │ 143 │ N/A │ ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2015-07-14 02:09:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2015-07-14 02:01:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr (merges 序文 and 叙文)
	Comments:	I've changed to a different example sentence. I suspect that sentence has problems.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>叙文</keb>
1.	A* 2015-07-12 19:13:09
	Comments:	Hi, this entry is not coherent overall. The definition says 序文 can mean "preface; foreword; introduction", but the example sentence specifically implies that it can only mean "preface" and not "foreword".

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jmdict 1400840 Active (id: 2215765)
相応 [ichi1,news1,nf18]
【そうおう [ichi1,news1,nf18] 】

1.	[adj-na,adj-no,n,vs,vi] ▶ suitable ▶ appropriate ▶ befitting ▶ becoming ▶ adequate ▶ reasonable ▶ proper
2.	[n,vs,vi] {Buddhism} ▶ conjoining ▶ association ▶ samprayukta

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2022-12-15 00:17:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2022-12-14 23:26:16 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	[vi]: shinmeikai, meikyo, etc. (1st sense only)
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -31,0 +33 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
5.	A 2020-04-21 14:22:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Comments:	That sense isn't adjectival.
	Diff:	@@ -30,2 +29,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
4.	A 2020-04-21 06:30:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
3.	A* 2020-04-21 06:22:02 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	britannica etc https://kotobank.jp/word/相応-89139 http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?q=相應 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvastivada#All_exists_(sarvām_asti)
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +29,10 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<field>&Buddh;</field> +<gloss>conjoining</gloss> +<gloss>association</gloss> +<gloss>samprayukta</gloss> +</sense>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2017-10-20 22:05:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-10-20 21:16:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	I think adjective glosses work best here. Virtually always [adj-na/no] or [vs].
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -19,3 +20,8 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>suitability</gloss> -<gloss>fitness</gloss> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>suitable</gloss> +<gloss>appropriate</gloss> +<gloss>befitting</gloss> +<gloss>becoming</gloss> +<gloss>adequate</gloss> +<gloss>reasonable</gloss> +<gloss>proper</gloss>

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jmdict 1433610 Active (id: 2295902)
通話 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
【つうわ [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ telephone call ▶ speaking over the telephone ▶ (Internet) voice call ▶ videoconference call
2.	[ctr] 《used to determine a charge》 ▶ counter for telephone calls of a set duration

Conjugations

History:

14.	A 2024-03-25 01:26:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's a separate sense.
	Diff:	@@ -22,6 +22,2 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<field>&internet;</field> -<gloss>voice call</gloss> -<gloss>videoconference session</gloss> +<gloss>(Internet) voice call</gloss> +<gloss>videoconference call</gloss> @@ -30,0 +27 @@ +<s_inf>used to determine a charge</s_inf>
13.	A* 2024-03-23 05:09:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Obviously being used for more than telephone calls. I wondered about just broadening sense 1, but then thought maybe a new sense would be better.
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22,6 @@ -<gloss>(Internet) voice call</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&internet;</field> +<gloss>voice call</gloss> +<gloss>videoconference session</gloss>
12.	A* 2024-02-22 05:33:28 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	This also seems to be used with the meaning of call as in a (video) meeting, at least by Google. On Google Meet it says 〇〇さんがこの通話に参加しています。
11.	A 2022-12-15 03:54:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2022-12-14 07:33:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo has [vt,vi] but the rest of the refs are just [vi] Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 　通話 │ 2,195,154 │ 99.8% │ │ を通話 │ 5,380 │ 0.2% │ ╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
(show/hide 9 older log entries)
9.	A 2020-04-11 22:56:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think we even need examples.
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21 @@ -<gloss>voice call (Discord, Skype etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>(Internet) voice call</gloss>
8.	A* 2020-04-11 14:23:15
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21 @@ -<gloss>voice call (Skype, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>voice call (Discord, Skype etc.)</gloss>
7.	A 2019-11-26 23:30:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>voice call</gloss> @@ -21,0 +21 @@ +<gloss>voice call (Skype, etc.)</gloss>
6.	A* 2019-11-26 23:17:53 Alan Cheng <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://mobile.line.me/guide/article/30013500.html
	Comments:	Not restricted to telephones. 通話 can refer to voice calls over LINE, Skype, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>voice call</gloss>
5.	A 2017-12-13 18:39:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2017-12-13 12:30:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs: "助数詞。電話で話をするときの一定時間の長さを単位として、その回数を数えるのに用いる。「三通話分の料金」" gg5: "1通話3分間までの料金は…円です.　The charge is…yen for a call up to three minutes."
	Comments:	I agree with Rene but it is still a counter. No idea how to write the gloss.
	Diff:	@@ -23,2 +23,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>telephone call duration</gloss> +<pos>&ctr;</pos> +<gloss>counter for telephone calls of a set duration</gloss>
3.	A 2017-12-13 07:24:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23,2 +23,2 @@ -<pos>&ctr;</pos> -<gloss>counter for telephone calls</gloss> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>telephone call duration</gloss>
2.	A* 2017-12-08 22:18:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, etc.
	Comments:	i don't think this is a counter for phone calls (i.e., number of calls). it represents units of time that elapse during a call (e.g., to determine a charge)
1.	A* 2017-12-08 21:12:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	More accurate.
	Diff:	@@ -20,2 +20 @@ -<gloss>talking</gloss> -<gloss>calling</gloss> +<gloss>speaking over the telephone</gloss>

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jmdict 1451200 Active (id: 2215817)
動き回る [news2,nf30] ；動きまわる
【うごきまわる [news2,nf30] 】

1.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to move around
▶ to move about
▶ to get around

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-12-15 10:44:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-12-14 16:59:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -19,0 +21,2 @@ +<gloss>to move about</gloss> +<gloss>to get around</gloss>
2.	A 2017-02-01 22:09:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-02-01 15:40:24 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 動き回る 234010 動きまわる 23403 うごきまわる 921
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>動きまわる</keb>

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jmdict 1470810 Active (id: 2215783)
覗き；覘き [rK]
【のぞき】

1.

[n,adj-no]
▶ peep
▶ peeping

2.

[n] [abbr]
▶ peep show
▶ [expl] device with lens mounted on a stand or in a box to view enlarged pictures

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2578660 覗き機関 1. peep show; device with lens mounted on a stand or in a box to view enlarged pictures

History:

4.	A 2022-12-15 04:13:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-12-14 05:45:32 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 覗き　 │ 1,589,453 │ 99.3% │ │ 覘き　 │ 11,480 │ 0.7% │ 🡠 rK (daijr/s, koj) │ のぞき │ 574,290 │ N/A │ ╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2013-07-07 05:42:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	I think it's a mistake. GG5, etc. say it's のぞき趣味の人.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,2 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>peep</gloss> @@ -16,1 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>peeping Tom</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-07-07 05:32:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, shinmeikai
	Comments:	not sure if 'peeping Tom' needs to be a separate sense or not, but no evidence that it is an abbr of 覗き見.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>覘き</keb> @@ -13,0 +16,1 @@ +<gloss>peeping Tom</gloss> @@ -16,1 +20,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1470820">覗き見</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2578660">覗き機関</xref> @@ -18,1 +22,2 @@ -<gloss>peeping tom</gloss> +<gloss>peep show</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">device with lens mounted on a stand or in a box to view enlarged pictures</gloss>

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jmdict 1470840 Active (id: 2215784)
覗く [ichi1] ；覘く [rK] ；窺く [rK] ；臨く [rK]
【のぞく [ichi1] 】

1.

[v5k,vt]
▶ to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.)

2.

[v5k,vt]
▶ to look down into (a ravine, etc.)

3.

[v5k,vt]
▶ to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.)

4.

[v5k,vt]
▶ to sneak a look at
▶ to take a quick look at

5.

[v5k,vt]
▶ to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.)

6.

[v5k,vi]
▶ to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
▶ to peek through (sky through a forest canopy, etc.)

7.

[v5k,vt]
▶ to examine (an expression)
▶ to study (a face)

8.

[v5k,vi] [arch]
《esp. 臨く》
▶ to face

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1555560 臨む 2. to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to be confronted by

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2022-12-15 04:13:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2022-12-14 05:48:58 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 覗く　 │ 744,374 │ 98.9% │ │ 覘く　 │ 8,120 │ 1.1% │ 🡠 rK (daijr/s, koj, etc.) │ 窺く　 │ 48 │ 0.0% │ 🡠 rK (daijs) │ 臨く　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ 🡠 rK (daijr/s, koj) │ のぞく │ 474,302 │ N/A │ ╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +18 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
10.	A 2018-12-06 21:37:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2018-12-03 23:37:38 Tristan Refsnyder <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	first definition typo though → through
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<gloss>to peek (though a keyhole, gap, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.)</gloss>
8.	A 2017-07-13 03:23:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Moving it down 1 to save re-indexing the examples.
	Diff:	@@ -48,0 +49,6 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to peek through (sky through a forest canopy, etc.)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5k;</pos> @@ -52,6 +57,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&v5k;</pos> -<pos>&vi;</pos> -<gloss>to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>to peek through (sky through a forest canopy, etc.)</gloss>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2017-07-12 20:45:30
	Refs:	jmdict 2830260
	Comments:	Not in 大辞林, but common in novels. I am putting it here for easier finding. 覗き込む is used the same too. F.ex. 男は無造作に俺の顔をのぞき込んだ。
	Diff:	@@ -48,0 +49,6 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to examine (an expression)</gloss> +<gloss>to study (a face)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5k;</pos>
6.	A 2012-04-14 04:18:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2012-04-14 02:53:25 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Link “face” sense to closely related 臨む, which is what’s used these days. (のぞく／のぞむ are from same source)
	Diff:	@@ -56,0 +56,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1555560">臨む・2</xref>
4.	A 2011-07-31 22:25:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2011-07-31 19:36:16 Paul Upchurch
	Comments:	Typo correction
	Diff:	@@ -51,1 +51,1 @@ -<gloss>to peek through (sky though a forest canopy, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to peek through (sky through a forest canopy, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2011-03-24 00:13:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-03-23 14:42:37 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -57,1 +57,1 @@ -<s_inf>esp. 臨</s_inf> +<s_inf>esp. 臨く</s_inf>

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jmdict 1522100 Active (id: 2215816)
奔走 [spec2,news2,nf40]
【ほんそう [spec2,news2,nf40] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ running about
▶ making every effort (to do)
▶ busying oneself (with)
▶ being busily engaged (in)
▶ good offices
▶ efforts

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2022-12-15 10:43:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-12-14 21:30:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous
	Comments:	ほんそ probably not needed. Even daijr doesn't have it.
	Diff:	@@ -16,4 +15,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>ほんそ</reb> -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> -</r_ele> @@ -25,2 +21,3 @@ -<gloss>making every effort</gloss> -<gloss>being busily engaged (in something)</gloss> +<gloss>making every effort (to do)</gloss> +<gloss>busying oneself (with)</gloss> +<gloss>being busily engaged (in)</gloss> @@ -27,0 +25 @@ +<gloss>efforts</gloss>
3.	A 2021-11-18 01:12:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2017-08-03 06:42:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-08-02 21:19:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij, koj
	Comments:	Trying to make the meaning a little clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ほんそ</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +</r_ele> @@ -20,2 +24,3 @@ -<gloss>efforts</gloss> -<gloss>activity</gloss> +<gloss>making every effort</gloss> +<gloss>being busily engaged (in something)</gloss> +<gloss>good offices</gloss>

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jmdict 1561990 Active (id: 2215728)
和音 [news2,nf35]
【わおん [news2,nf35] 】

1.

[n] {music}
▶ chord

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2855838 コード 1. chord

2.

[n]
▶ customary "on" reading (of a kanji) used in Japanese (as opposed to those derived from Chinese)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1932300 慣用音 1. popularly accepted "on" reading of a kanji (as opposed to those derived from Chinese)

3.

[n] [arch]
《Heian-period term》
▶ Wu reading (of a kanji; as opposed to a Han reading)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1269180 呉音 1. go-on; Wu reading; on reading of a kanji based on 5th and 6th century Chinese
	⇒ see: 1213140 漢音 1. kan-on; Han reading; on reading of a kanji based on Tang dynasty Chinese

History:

8.	A 2022-12-14 03:32:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I did wonder about a split like that, but thought we could get away with one reading sense. I think this works well.
7.	A* 2022-12-13 23:39:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: 日本流の漢字音。平安時代には，漢音を正音とするのに対して，呉音系をいう。また，漢音・呉音などに対して，日本的に変化した音である慣用音をいうこともある。 meikyo: 漢音・呉音などに対して、日本流に変化した漢字の慣用音。◇平安時代には正音とされた漢音に対して呉音系の音をいった。
	Comments:	Indeed, it doesn't refer to kun readings. But nor does it refer to Han readings.
	Diff:	@@ -21,2 +21,7 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1269180">呉音・ごおん</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1213140">漢音・かんおん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1932300">慣用音</xref> +<gloss>customary "on" reading (of a kanji) used in Japanese (as opposed to those derived from Chinese)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1269180">呉音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1213140">漢音</xref> @@ -24 +29,2 @@ -<gloss>Japanese reading of a kanji (covered both the Han and Wu "on" readings)</gloss> +<s_inf>Heian-period term</s_inf> +<gloss>Wu reading (of a kanji; as opposed to a Han reading)</gloss>
6.	A* 2022-12-13 21:55:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, Daijr/s. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/和音 - "漢字の音読みのうち中国での発音に対応しない音については「慣用音」を、古代に漢音（からごえ）に対して和音（やまとごえ・わおん）と呼んだ音については「呉音」をご覧ください。 "
	Comments:	I think this is what it referred to. No evidence it's used for 訓読み.
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21,4 @@ -<gloss>"kun" reading of a kanji</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1269180">呉音・ごおん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1213140">漢音・かんおん</xref> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>Japanese reading of a kanji (covered both the Han and Wu "on" readings)</gloss>
5.	A* 2022-12-13 16:23:37
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21 @@ -<gloss>"on" reading of a kanji</gloss> +<gloss>"kun" reading of a kanji</gloss>
4.	A 2018-07-08 00:38:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	An abbreviation of 和音楽 seems plausible, but I can't confirm it.
	Diff:	@@ -23,4 +22,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>Japanese music</gloss> -</sense>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2018-06-28 09:04:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I can't see "Japanese music" in the refs. Can we drop that sense?
	Diff:	@@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -22 +20,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -27 +24,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2.	A* 2018-06-28 01:02:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23 @@ -<gloss>(Japanese) on reading</gloss> +<gloss>"on" reading of a kanji</gloss>
1.	A 2014-11-29 04:41:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>chord (music)</gloss> +<field>&music;</field> +<gloss>chord</gloss> @@ -22 +23 @@ -<gloss>(Japanese) On reading</gloss> +<gloss>(Japanese) on reading</gloss>

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jmdict 1573530 Active (id: 2215759)
ひき殺す；轢き殺す；轢殺す [sK]
【ひきころす】

1.

[v5s,vt]
▶ to kill by running over

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2022-12-15 00:01:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	轢き殺され 4643 41.3% ひき殺され 5807 51.7% 轢殺され 783 7.0%
1.	A* 2022-12-14 05:31:02 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 轢き殺す　　 │ 3,100 │ 42.8% │ │ ひき殺す　　 │ 3,960 │ 54.7% │ 🡠 moving up │ 轢殺す　　　 │ 83 │ 1.1% │ 🡠 sK (iwakoku) │ ひきころす　 │ 98 │ 1.4% │ ├─ーーーーーー─┼───────┼───────┤ │ 轢き殺して　 │ 3,322 │ 38.1% │ │ ひき殺して　 │ 5,213 │ 59.7% │ │ 轢殺して　　 │ 140 │ 1.6% │ │ ひきころして │ 52 │ 0.6% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>ひき殺す</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,3 +10,0 @@ -<keb>ひき殺す</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1600460 Active (id: 2215754)
乗り換え [ichi1,news1,nf20] ；乗換 [spec1] ；乗換え [ichi1] ；乗り替え [rK] ；乗替え [sK] ；乗りかえ [sK]
【のりかえ [spec1,ichi1,news1,nf20] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ transfer (trains, buses, etc.)
▶ change
▶ connection

2.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ switch (to another ideology, party, system, method, etc.)
▶ change
▶ conversion

3.

[n] {finance}
▶ switching (stock)

4.

[n] {biology}
▶ chromosomal crossover
▶ crossing over

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1271970 交差 2. (genetic) crossing over

Conjugations

History:

14.	A 2022-12-14 21:20:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	sK is not used for kanji forms that are in the major refs. Probably fine to hide 乗替え, though.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19,5 @@ -<keb>乗りかえ</keb> +<keb>乗り替え</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>乗替え</keb> @@ -23,5 +27 @@ -<keb>乗り替え</keb> -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>乗替え</keb> +<keb>乗りかえ</keb>
13.	A* 2022-12-13 10:28:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	乗り換え 8889487 77.9% 乗換 2066936 18.1% 乗換え 403749 3.5% 乗りかえ 28550 0.3% 乗り替え 15050 0.1% 乗替え 1150 0.0%
	Comments:	Decluttering.
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -22,0 +24 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -25,0 +28 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
12.	A 2021-11-08 14:09:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	乗り換えする 7016 乗り換えし 15464
	Comments:	It's vs in shinmeikai. I'll drop vs from the last two senses.
	Diff:	@@ -36,0 +37 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -43,0 +45 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -50 +51,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -56 +56,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos>
11.	A* 2021-11-06 01:10:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	not vs in kokugos
10.	A 2020-05-12 00:51:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 9 older log entries)
9.	A* 2020-05-11 22:23:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Comments:	Added sense. Dropping the very dated "connexion" spelling.
	Diff:	@@ -37,0 +38 @@ +<gloss>change</gloss> @@ -39 +39,0 @@ -<gloss>connexion</gloss> @@ -44 +44,8 @@ -<field>&econ;</field> +<gloss>switch (to another ideology, party, system, method, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>change</gloss> +<gloss>conversion</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<field>&finc;</field> @@ -49,0 +57 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1271970">交差・2</xref>
8.	A 2013-08-30 08:41:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	okay
7.	A* 2013-08-30 02:19:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr: "乗（り）換え・乗換・乗（り）替え"
	Comments:	I think the way to handle this is to drop the "io". Daijirin has it as an alternative. It's also a common enough form (2M in the ngrams) to warrant a "P". A glance as WWW usage of 乗換 shows it's very common in that form, especially prenominally.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -32,0 +32,1 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
6.	A* 2013-08-30 00:19:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	[fin] or [econ]?
	Diff:	@@ -43,0 +43,1 @@ +<field>&econ;</field> @@ -48,0 +49,1 @@ +<field>&biol;</field>
5.	A* 2013-08-29 23:58:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	do we have a policy for things like this? i was under the impression that [io], [iK] and [ik] forms should always go last regardless of how common they are (because they have been deemed to be "incorrect")
4.	A* 2013-08-25 09:37:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Unidic/ngrams
	Comments:	I realise 乗換 is "io", but it gets the second-most usage according to the n-gram counts.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,4 @@ +<keb>乗換</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -13,0 +17,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>乗りかえ</keb> @@ -19,4 +26,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>乗換</keb> -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2012-04-06 06:12:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-04-04 20:17:00 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5
	Comments:	no need for the restriction
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> @@ -37,3 +38,5 @@ -<stagk>乗り換え</stagk> -<stagk>乗換え</stagk> -<stagk>乗換</stagk> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>switching (stock)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense>
1.	A* 2012-04-04 04:47:42 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/乗換え_(%E7% 94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)
	Diff:	@@ -4,4 +4,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>乗換え</keb> -<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri> -</k_ele> @@ -13,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>乗換え</keb> +<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri> @@ -31,0 +31,1 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -35,0 +36,9 @@ +<sense> +<stagk>乗り換え</stagk> +<stagk>乗換え</stagk> +<stagk>乗換</stagk> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>chromosomal crossover</gloss> +<gloss>crossing over</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1602410 Active (id: 2215763)
尾灯；尾燈 [oK]
【びとう】

1.

[n]
▶ tail light
▶ tail lamp
▶ rear light

History:

3.	A 2022-12-15 00:15:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>tail-light</gloss> +<gloss>tail light</gloss>
2.	A 2022-12-14 03:33:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-12-14 01:21:44
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>tail-light (taillight)</gloss> -<gloss>tail lamp (taillamp)</gloss> +<gloss>tail-light</gloss> +<gloss>tail lamp</gloss>

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jmdict 1604300 Active (id: 2215745)
回る [ichi1,news2,nf46] ；廻る [spec1]
【まわる [spec1,ichi1,news2,nf46] 】

1.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to turn
▶ to rotate
▶ to revolve
▶ to spin

2.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to go around
▶ to circle
▶ to revolve around
▶ to orbit

3.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to make the rounds (of)
▶ to go around (several places)
▶ to travel around
▶ to make a tour of
▶ to patrol

4.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to go by way of
▶ to go via
▶ to stop by (on the way)
▶ to take a roundabout route
▶ to make a detour

5.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to move around (to another place or position)
▶ to come around
▶ to go over (e.g. to the opposing side)

6.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to come around (of one's turn)
▶ to be passed around (of a cup, circular, etc.)

7.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to function
▶ to work well

8.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to spread
▶ to extend (to; e.g. of one's attention)
▶ to reach
▶ to take effect (of alcohol, poison, etc.)

9.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to pass (a time)
▶ to turn (e.g. 5 o'clock)

10.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to earn interest

11.

[suf,v5r]
《after -masu stem of verb》
▶ to ... around
▶ to ... about

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1402430 走り回る 1. to run around

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2022-12-14 16:57:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Done.
	Diff:	@@ -33,0 +34,2 @@ +<gloss>to revolve around</gloss> +<gloss>to orbit</gloss> @@ -74,0 +77 @@ +<gloss>to spread</gloss>
7.	A 2022-12-13 22:44:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Good luck with the reindexing. The splitting of sense 2 makes it more work.
6.	A* 2022-12-13 21:39:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous, wisdom, daij, meikyo
	Comments:	Added senses. I'll have a go at indexing the sentences once this is approved.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +23,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1004140">ぐるぐる・1</xref> @@ -25,0 +25 @@ +<gloss>to rotate</gloss> @@ -26,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>to spin</gloss> @@ -31 +32,2 @@ -<gloss>to visit several places</gloss> +<gloss>to go around</gloss> +<gloss>to circle</gloss> @@ -36 +38,5 @@ -<gloss>to function well</gloss> +<gloss>to make the rounds (of)</gloss> +<gloss>to go around (several places)</gloss> +<gloss>to travel around</gloss> +<gloss>to make a tour of</gloss> +<gloss>to patrol</gloss> @@ -41 +47,5 @@ -<gloss>to pass a certain time</gloss> +<gloss>to go by way of</gloss> +<gloss>to go via</gloss> +<gloss>to stop by (on the way)</gloss> +<gloss>to take a roundabout route</gloss> +<gloss>to make a detour</gloss> @@ -46 +56,3 @@ -<gloss>to go or come around (to another place, point of view)</gloss> +<gloss>to move around (to another place or position)</gloss> +<gloss>to come around</gloss> +<gloss>to go over (e.g. to the opposing side)</gloss> @@ -51,2 +63,21 @@ -<gloss>to go via</gloss> -<gloss>to stop at</gloss> +<gloss>to come around (of one's turn)</gloss> +<gloss>to be passed around (of a cup, circular, etc.)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to function</gloss> +<gloss>to work well</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to extend (to; e.g. of one's attention)</gloss> +<gloss>to reach</gloss> +<gloss>to take effect (of alcohol, poison, etc.)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to pass (a time)</gloss> +<gloss>to turn (e.g. 5 o'clock)</gloss> @@ -57,0 +89,8 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1402430">走り回る</xref> +<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf> +<gloss>to ... around</gloss> +<gloss>to ... about</gloss>
5.	A 2021-12-09 20:01:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -46 +46 @@ -<gloss>to go/come around (to another place, point of view)</gloss> +<gloss>to go or come around (to another place, point of view)</gloss> @@ -51 +51,2 @@ -<gloss>to go via, stop at</gloss> +<gloss>to go via</gloss> +<gloss>to stop at</gloss>
4.	A* 2021-11-28 18:37:52 mark dufour <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	triggered by reading 'tenchou ha yakin ni mawatte oru' (the boss has moved to the night shift..?). added some further missing readings from GG5. not all, as you guys probably want to have a look yourself anyway :P
	Diff:	@@ -42,0 +43,15 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to go/come around (to another place, point of view)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to go via, stop at</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to earn interest</gloss> +</sense>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2018-04-07 17:49:45 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 廻り 1495507 廻っ 485823 廻る 278952
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -17,0 +19 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2011-05-09 02:04:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-05-07 15:48:04 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Link to gitaigo
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1004140">ぐるぐる・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1004140">ぐるぐる・1</xref>

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jmdict 1619730 Active (id: 2215762)
当直 [news1,nf24]
【とうちょく [news1,nf24] 】

1.	[n,adj-no,vs,vi] ▶ being on duty ▶ being on watch
2.	[n] ▶ person on duty

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-12-15 00:09:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs:「―の医師」当直 352567 当直の 38748 当直の先生 4049 当直の医師 1511
	Comments:	I think adj-no is valid.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
3.	A* 2022-12-14 07:45:14 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	shinmeikai, meikyo, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2018-04-24 02:10:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-04-22 17:48:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 daij: "また，その人"
	Comments:	-> noun glosses Added sense.
	Diff:	@@ -18,3 +18,6 @@ -<gloss>on duty</gloss> -<gloss>on a shift</gloss> -<gloss>keeping watch</gloss> +<gloss>being on duty</gloss> +<gloss>being on watch</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>person on duty</gloss>

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jmdict 1796840 Active (id: 2215795)
轢殺；れき殺
【れきさつ】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ killing by running over (with a car or train)

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-12-15 07:27:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>killing by running over with a car or train</gloss> +<gloss>killing by running over (with a car or train)</gloss>
3.	A 2022-12-15 00:06:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2022-12-14 05:36:12 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 轢殺　　 │ 3,174 │ 87.4% │ │ れき殺　 │ 459 │ 12.6% │ │ レキ殺　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ れきさつ │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>れき殺</keb>
1.	A 2021-11-18 00:35:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>

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jmdict 2061700 Active (id: 2215850)
減
【げん】

1.	[n,n-suf] ▶ reduction ▶ decrease
2.	[n] {mathematics} ▶ subtraction
3.	[n] [arch] ▶ reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryō codes)

History:

6.	A 2022-12-15 22:41:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5: 給料が2割減になった.　My salary has been cut (by) 20 percent.
	Comments:	No justification provided for the edit.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<pos>&pref;</pos> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> @@ -23 +22,0 @@ -<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
5.	A* 2022-12-14 02:44:16
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&pref;</pos>
4.	A 2021-11-20 05:42:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	ritsuryo conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25 @@ -<gloss>reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryo codes)</gloss> +<gloss>reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryō codes)</gloss>
3.	A 2020-02-05 00:20:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	Could be both.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<pos>&suf;</pos> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>decrease</gloss> @@ -21,0 +24 @@ +<misc>&arch;</misc>
2.	A* 2020-01-28 10:13:44 dine <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/減-491337
	Comments:	daijs suggests that sense 1 is used in the form ～の減, so it's a noun rather than a suffix
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -13,0 +14,10 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&math;</field> +<gloss>subtraction</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<gloss>reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryo codes)</gloss> +</sense>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2005-09-20 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2076630 Active (id: 2216231)
書き下ろし；書下ろし；書きおろし [sK]
【かきおろし】

1.

[n,adj-no]
▶ original (written) work (i.e. a new novel, play, music, etc.)
▶ newly written work
▶ specially written work
▶ writing (a new work) specially (for a publication, film, exhibition, etc.)

History:

11.	A 2022-12-19 19:43:55 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	書き下ろし 693880 85.7% 書下ろし 101597 12.6% 書きおろし 13951 1.7%
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>書きおろし</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
10.	A 2022-12-18 03:59:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's OK.
9.	A* 2022-12-18 00:24:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	That's the nuance I was trying to convey. I'm not sure how it was unclear.
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>newly written work (novel, play, music, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>original work</gloss> +<gloss>original (written) work (i.e. a new novel, play, music, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>newly written work</gloss> @@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>writing specially (for a publication, film, performance, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>writing (a new work) specially (for a publication, film, exhibition, etc.)</gloss>
8.	A* 2022-12-16 07:45:35
	Comments:	I thinl the nuance is specifically a work that has not been used or published elsewhere, e.g. a previous magazine serialization in the case of novels. This is a bit unclear.
7.	A* 2022-12-16 00:20:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5, luminous, reverso
	Diff:	@@ -15,2 +15,5 @@ -<gloss>writing something on commission</gloss> -<gloss>newly written work (e.g. text or music)</gloss> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>newly written work (novel, play, music, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>original work</gloss> +<gloss>specially written work</gloss> +<gloss>writing specially (for a publication, film, performance, etc.)</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2022-12-15 10:43:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://textshop.com.au/why-you-should-never-hyphenate-adverbs-ending-in-ly/ (And many other refs.)
5.	A* 2022-12-14 22:58:41
	Comments:	no dash after adverbs ending in -ly, Kyle
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>newly-written work (e.g. text or music)</gloss> +<gloss>newly written work (e.g. text or music)</gloss>
4.	A* 2022-12-14 14:26:44 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>newly written text</gloss> +<gloss>newly-written work (e.g. text or music)</gloss>
3.	A 2019-09-09 02:52:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 keeps them separate
	Comments:	i'll add a separate entry adding alternate okurigana from daijr
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>書下ろし</keb>
2.	A* 2019-09-09 01:47:12 Alan Cheng <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Encountered 描き下ろし to describe a manga. Should it be its own entry or added to this one? It looks like 書き下ろす and 描き下ろす have separate entries.
1.	A 2006-02-07 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2229260 Active (id: 2215776)
敵に回す
【てきにまわす】

1.

[exp,v5s]
▶ to make an enemy (of)
▶ to turn (someone) into an enemy
▶ to antagonize

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2776790 敵に回る【てきにまわる】 1. to turn against; to become an enemy

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2022-12-15 03:52:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-12-14 17:28:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>to turn (someone) into an enemy</gloss>
3.	A 2018-06-04 04:35:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2018-05-31 10:55:37 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 examples
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>to make enemies of</gloss> +<gloss>to make an enemy (of)</gloss> +<gloss>to antagonize</gloss>
1.	A 2007-11-18 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2841950 Active (id: 2215856)
尾筒
【びとう】

1.	[n] ▶ tail covert (of a bird)
2.	[n] ▶ tail pipe (of a turbine)
3.	[n] ▶ receiver (of a rifle)

History:

5.	A 2022-12-15 23:53:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this has been our preferred style for the past few years. It's what I always use. Leaving out "of a", "in", etc. can result in ambiguities.
4.	A 2022-12-14 04:09:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Given the abbreviated style we usually adopt in dictionary entries, I really don't see how the addition of these 6 words improves the entry.
3.	A* 2022-12-14 01:22:22
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>tail coverts (birds)</gloss> +<gloss>tail covert (of a bird)</gloss> @@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>tail pipe (turbine)</gloss> +<gloss>tail pipe (of a turbine)</gloss> @@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>receiver (rifle)</gloss> +<gloss>receiver (of a rifle)</gloss>
2.	A 2019-10-29 02:19:28 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2019-10-29 02:00:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr (sense 1), GG5 (senses 1 & 2), リーダーズ+プラス (receiver -> 《小銃の》尾筒), WWII military glossary (sense 3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert_feather#Tail_coverts https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)

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jmdict 2857012 Active (id: 2215730)
預金封鎖
【よきんふうさ】

1.

[n]
▶ freezing a bank account

History:

2.	A 2022-12-14 03:35:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2022-12-14 01:45:59 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/預金封鎖-1432707
	Comments:	預金封鎖 44638

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jmdict 2857013 Active (id: 2216034)
資本規制
【しほんきせい】

1.

[n] {finance}
▶ capital controls
▶ capital regulation

History:

2.	A 2022-12-18 05:28:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	資本規制 14193 Reverso
	Comments:	A bit a+b.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>capital control</gloss> +<field>&finc;</field> +<gloss>capital controls</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-14 01:47:26 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/資本規制-1713267

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jmdict 2857014 Active (id: 2216098)
人間可読
【にんげんかどく】

1.

[adj-na] {computing}
▶ human-readable

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2839143 機械可読 1. machine-readable
	⇒ see: 2857047 ヒューマンリーダブル 1. human-readable

History:

2.	A 2022-12-18 23:34:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2857047">ヒューマンリーダブル</xref>
1.	A* 2022-12-14 03:13:00 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/人間可読-687029 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/johokanri/57/3/57_149/_html/-char/ja
	Comments:	Oft. contrasted with 機械可読.

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jmdict 2857015 Active (id: 2215775)
世襲財産
【せしゅうざいさん】

1.

[n]
▶ hereditary property
▶ heritage
▶ patrimony

History:

2.	A 2022-12-15 03:52:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	"estate" by itself is rather broader.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>estate</gloss> +<gloss>heritage</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-14 05:05:29 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/世襲財産-547684 https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/世襲

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jmdict 2857016 Active (id: 2215814)
民間防衛
【みんかんぼうえい】

1.

[n]
▶ civil defense
▶ civilian defense

History:

2.	A 2022-12-15 10:36:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	Not really sure GG5 has it right.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>civilian defense</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-14 14:14:23 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/民間防衛-140014 https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=civil defense https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/民間防衛
	Comments:	民間防衛 20649

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jmdict 2857017 Active (id: 2215777)
横静索
【よこせいさく】

1.

[n]
▶ rigging
▶ shrouds

History:

2.	A 2022-12-15 03:53:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not for wrapping corpses in.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>rigging</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-14 17:15:12 Alex Lasto <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	研究社　新和英大辞典　第５版

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jmdict 2857018 Active (id: 2215895)
苦杯をなめる；苦杯を舐める；苦杯を嘗める
【くはいをなめる】

1.

[exp,v1] [id]
▶ to drink a bitter cup
▶ to have a bitter experience
▶ to suffer a defeat

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1244620 苦杯【くはい】 1. bitter cup; bitter experience; bitter defeat; ordeal
	⇐ see: 2857657 苦杯を喫する【くはいをきっする】 1. to drink a bitter cup; to have a bitter experience; to suffer a defeat

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-12-16 12:02:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-12-15 22:45:23
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
2.	A 2022-12-15 04:12:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, too.
1.	A* 2022-12-14 20:09:21 Opencooper
	Refs:	chuujiten, daijs, etc. 苦杯をなめ 5,992 65.6% 苦杯を舐め 2,568 28.1% 苦杯を嘗め 581 6.4%

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jmnedict 5409137 Deleted (id: 2215752)
新聞
【しんぶん】

1.

[surname]
▶ Shinbun

History:

1.

D 2022-12-14 21:11:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>

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jmnedict 5745447 Active (id: 2236897)
華夏銀行
【かかぎんこう [spec1] 】

1.

[company]
▶ Huaxia Bank

History:

3.	A 2023-05-08 23:48:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding spec1 -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2022-12-14 21:09:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaxia_Bank
	Comments:	I don't think "Co., Ltd" is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd</gloss> +<gloss>Huaxia Bank</gloss>
1.	A* 2022-12-13 06:32:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD

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jmnedict 5745448 Active (id: 2230465)
華夏時報
【かかじほう [spec1] 】

1.

[product]
▶ The Huaxia Times

History:

3.	A 2023-05-04 01:43:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding spec1 -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2022-12-14 21:12:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-12-13 06:34:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

11.	A 2022-12-15 10:20:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just noting that I added it in 2013 as it was/is in the Japanese Wordnet.
10.	A 2022-12-15 00:04:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Dropping グールメ. Can't find any support for it.
	Diff:	@@ -7,4 +6,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>グールメ</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
9.	A* 2022-12-14 06:54:08 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────────╮ │ グルメ　 │ 31,296,874 │ │ グールメ │ 0 │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────────╯
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
8.	A* 2022-12-14 06:51:18 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think we usually repeat the lsrc tag
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1358540">食通・しょくつう・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1358540">食通・2</xref> @@ -23 +22,0 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="fre"/>
7.	A 2015-02-02 09:49:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2015-02-01 02:38:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Just trying to make the source a little clearer. Here "gourmet" can be used as an adjective to mean "high-quality (food)", but I'm not sure it should it should be a gloss in sense 1.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="fre"/> +<lsource xml:lang="fre">gourmet</lsource> @@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<gloss>gourmet</gloss> @@ -25 +25,0 @@ -<gloss>gourmet</gloss>
5.	A 2013-12-18 02:11:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-12-17 02:32:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, Gg5, etc.
	Comments:	Almost all refs just have the epicure sense, but from examples, e.g. グルメ･ブーム, グルメ･レストラン, etc. the other sense is alive and well. I think this is the better way to structure.
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13,4 @@ -<gloss>gourmet</gloss> -<gloss>cuisine (as in "popular cuisine")</gloss> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<lsource xml:lang="fre"/> +<gloss>fine food</gloss> +<gloss>high-quality food</gloss> @@ -17,2 +19,8 @@ -<pos>&adj-pn;</pos> -<gloss>speciality (food items)</gloss> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1724980">美食家</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1358540">食通・しょくつう・2</xref> +<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf> +<lsource xml:lang="fre"/> +<gloss>epicure</gloss> +<gloss>gourmet</gloss> +<gloss>gastronome</gloss>
3.	A* 2013-12-17 00:51:52 Hendrik
	Refs:	a typical usage sample: 沖縄ドライブの途中に手軽に沖縄グルメを食べたい時は、沖縄本島に７ヶ所ある「道の駅」に立ち寄ってみてはいかがでしょうか？
	Comments:	Submitting a reference (sample) that i had forgotten in my pervious post
2.	A* 2013-12-17 00:50:01 Hendrik
	Comments:	Hi, methinks this needs a revision: the source is, of course, French "gourmet", but judging by what i see (in touristic magazines and on websites) the term グルメ as a noun usually doesn't refer to a "gourmet" (a person) but to the food one can enjoy in a given place (region, etc.) - exactly as we use the word "cuisine". As an adjective, in expressions like グルメ食品, it connotes "speciality", "refined", "high quality", etc. - not your typical, every day or family food... :-) Maybe the other dictionaries you have at hand can shed some light on this...? Note: the interface gave me an error until i removed the [lsrc=fre:] after "gourmet" that you have in the entry - that should be there, of course, and i'm not sure what the problem is...
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,0 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="fre"/> @@ -15,0 +14,5 @@ +<gloss>cuisine (as in "popular cuisine")</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-pn;</pos> +<gloss>speciality (food items)</gloss>
1.	A 2013-04-18 02:43:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>グールメ</reb>

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