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jmdict 1132360 Active (id: 2107383)

ムック
1. [n] Source lang: eng "mook"
《from m(agazine) + (b)ook》
▶ book with the look and layout of a magazine
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1096670 ハンディムック 1. small, cheap book in the style of a magazine



History:
5. A 2021-07-10 03:02:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2021-07-08 23:51:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mook_(publishing)
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/mook (2nd definition)
  Comments:
Trying to simplify.
It's virtually never used in English but it's not wasei either.
  Diff:
@@ -9,3 +9,3 @@
-<s_inf>from "magazine" and "book"</s_inf>
-<lsource ls_wasei="y">mook</lsource>
-<gloss>thick illustrated publication on a single topic printed to look like a magazine</gloss>
+<s_inf>from m(agazine) + (b)ook</s_inf>
+<lsource xml:lang="eng">mook</lsource>
+<gloss>book with the look and layout of a magazine</gloss>
3. A 2011-08-15 08:14:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm not sure about the wasei, but let's leave it like that until proved wrong.
2. A* 2011-08-15 05:39:36  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -9,1 +9,1 @@
-<s_inf>from magazine and book</s_inf>
+<s_inf>from "magazine" and "book"</s_inf>
1. A* 2011-08-15 05:38:52  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
meikyo
  Comments:
i think this is wasei
  Diff:
@@ -9,1 +9,3 @@
-<gloss>mook (thick illustrated publication on a single topic printed to look like a magazine) (from magazine and book)</gloss>
+<s_inf>from magazine and book</s_inf>
+<lsource ls_wasei="y">mook</lsource>
+<gloss>thick illustrated publication on a single topic printed to look like a magazine</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1191510 Active (id: 2107343)
夏場 [news1,nf13]
なつば [news1,nf13]
1. [n]
▶ summertime
▶ summer season



History:
2. A 2021-07-09 16:49:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>the summer season</gloss>
+<gloss>summer season</gloss>
1. A 2021-07-08 22:48:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Aligning with 冬場.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>the summer season</gloss>

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jmdict 1236220 Active (id: 2107306)
強含み [news2,nf42]
つよふくみ [news2,nf42] つよぶくみ
1. [n] {finance}
▶ bullish tendency
▶ strong tone (of a market)
▶ firm tone
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1828070 弱含み 1. bearish tendency; weak tone (of a market)



History:
2. A 2021-07-09 01:04:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-07-08 22:56:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, reverso
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>つよぶくみ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -16,3 +19,5 @@
-<gloss>strengthening</gloss>
-<gloss>strong tone</gloss>
-<gloss>strong feeling</gloss>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1828070">弱含み</xref>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<gloss>bullish tendency</gloss>
+<gloss>strong tone (of a market)</gloss>
+<gloss>firm tone</gloss>

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jmdict 1405880 Active (id: 2107274)
卒する
そっするしゅっする
1. [vs-s,vi] [form]
▶ to die
▶ to pass away

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2021-07-08 17:59:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
shinmeikai
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<misc>&form;</misc>
2. A 2021-07-07 20:24:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-07-07 14:26:39  dine
  Refs:
koj, daijr, daijs, nikk, smk
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>しゅっする</reb>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1445060 Active (id: 2107275)
都民 [news1,nf08]
とみん [news1,nf08]
1. [n]
▶ resident of Tokyo
▶ citizen of Tokyo
▶ Tokyoite



History:
10. A 2021-07-08 18:01:16  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Also, "citizen: an inhabitant of a particular town or city – the good citizens of Edinburgh." (Oxford)
9. A 2021-07-07 21:07:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Sorry, I should have checked.
I wondered if residents of a city are really "citizens", but I see the JEs use that term.
8. A 2021-07-07 01:17:10  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
In the article linked as evidence for sense 2, the party is referred to as "都民ファ", not 都民.
  Diff:
@@ -19,6 +18,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2849812">都民ファーストの会</xref>
-<misc>&abbr;</misc>
-<gloss>Tomin First no Kai (regional political party in Tokyo)</gloss>
7. A 2021-07-07 01:14:49  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ニューヨーク都民	No matches
ニューヨーク市民	3659

ロンドン都民	No matches
ロンドン市民	3371

パリ都民	No matches
パリ市民	6454

パリの都民	No matches
パリの市民	490

ブラジリア市民	No matches
ブラジリア都民	No matches
ブラジリアの市民	No matches
ブラジリアの都民	No matches
サンパウロ都民	No matches
サンパウロの都民	No matches
6. A* 2021-07-07 00:56:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
It's not used outside of a Japanese context. 都 always refers to Tokyo in contemporary Japanese.
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1445340 Active (id: 2107276)
土砂降り [spec2,news2,nf29] どしゃ降りドシャ降り
どしゃぶり (土砂降り, どしゃ降り) [spec2,news2,nf29] ドシャぶり (ドシャ降り)
1. [n]
▶ downpour
▶ pouring rain
▶ heavy rain
▶ pelting rain
▶ cloudburst



History:
3. A 2021-07-08 18:11:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -31,0 +32,2 @@
+<gloss>heavy rain</gloss>
+<gloss>pelting rain</gloss>
@@ -33,2 +34,0 @@
-<gloss>pelting rain</gloss>
-<gloss>heavy rain</gloss>
2. A 2021-07-07 06:11:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-07-07 05:43:09  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
土砂降り 	336347
どしゃ降り	99961
どしゃぶり	87788
ドシャぶり	551
ドシャブリ	11021
ドシャ降り	29898
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ドシャ降り</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -14,0 +18,2 @@
+<re_restr>土砂降り</re_restr>
+<re_restr>どしゃ降り</re_restr>
@@ -17,0 +23,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ドシャぶり</reb>
+<re_restr>ドシャ降り</re_restr>

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jmdict 1467350 Active (id: 2164078)
妊娠 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
にんしん [ichi1,news1,nf07]
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ pregnancy
▶ conception
▶ gestation
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2703880 妊孕【にんよう】 1. pregnancy; conception; fecundation

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2021-11-18 01:22:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
3. A 2021-07-09 01:04:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
More usual term.
  Diff:
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<gloss>gestate</gloss>
+<gloss>gestation</gloss>
2. A* 2021-07-08 12:01:35 
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<gloss>gestate</gloss>
1. A 2021-04-25 14:45:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, wisdom
  Comments:
The JEs lead with "pregnancy".
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>pregnancy</gloss>
@@ -21 +20,0 @@
-<gloss>pregnancy</gloss>

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jmdict 1520240 Active (id: 2175733)
防音 [ichi1,news1,nf21]
ぼうおん [ichi1,news1,nf21]
1. [n,vs,vi,adj-no]
▶ soundproofing

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2022-01-22 01:33:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Correct POS order
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -20 +20,0 @@
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
3. A 2021-11-18 01:12:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
2. A 2021-07-08 05:14:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-07-08 02:08:24  Nicolas Maia
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<gloss>soundproof(ing)</gloss>
+<gloss>soundproofing</gloss>

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jmdict 1561900 Active (id: 2291888)
倭人 [news2,nf31] 和人
わじん [news2,nf31]
1. [n] [hist]
《used in ancient China and by Ainu》
▶ Japanese person



History:
12. A 2024-02-15 00:34:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Most refs mention the Chinese usage, and only a couple mention Ainu.
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<s_inf>used by Ainu and in ancient China</s_inf>
+<s_inf>used in ancient China and by Ainu</s_inf>
11. A* 2024-02-13 22:41:43  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Iwakoku says it was used by both Ainu and non-Ainu Japanese people.
わじん【和人・倭人】
(昔、アイヌや中国人から見て)日本人。
[注意]アイヌからの場合は「和人」と書く。日本人が自称したこともある。

Sankoku also splits into two senses, one for the usage by the Ainu (和人) and one for the usage from ancient China (倭人).
10. A* 2024-02-13 22:30:41  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/和人
和人は、アイヌ以外の日本人または大和民族が自分たちをアイヌと区別するために用いた自称である。和人は、アイヌの側からは「シサム」「シャモ」「シサムウタラ」(「隣人」の意)と呼ばれた。
  Comments:
Shimeikai has "〔中国人・アイヌ人の側からの呼び名〕日本人" but Wikipedia says it was used by (non-Ainu) Japanese people to distinguish themselves from the Ainu.
Are there any other sources that say it was used by the Ainu?
9. A* 2024-02-12 09:35:41 
  Comments:
Wikipedia
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<s_inf>used in ancient China</s_inf>
+<s_inf>used by Ainu and in ancient China</s_inf>
8. A 2021-11-29 06:44:24  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 1593410 Active (id: 2115355)
込む [ichi1,news2,nf46]
こむ [ichi1,news2,nf46]
1. [v5m,vi]
《usu. 混む》
▶ to be crowded
▶ to be packed
▶ to be congested
▶ to be thronged (with)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2849867 混む 1. to be crowded; to be packed; to be congested; to be thronged (with)
2. [v5m,vi]
▶ to be complex
▶ to be intricate
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1895890 手の込んだ 1. intricate; elaborate; complicated; complex
3. [suf]
《after -masu stem of verb》
▶ to go into
▶ to go in
▶ to put into
4. [suf]
《after -masu stem of verb》
▶ to become (completely)
5. [suf]
《after -masu stem of verb》
▶ to do thoroughly
▶ to do sufficiently
6. [suf]
《after -masu stem of verb》
▶ to remain (silent, seated, etc.)
▶ to stay ...

Conjugations


History:
14. A 2021-07-11 04:21:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
With that note I'd leave it where it is. It's the first sense in the JEs (and GG5 only has 込む) and in the Tanaka sentences 40 are using 混む and 8 are using 込む but they ALL mean crowded.
13. A* 2021-07-11 02:52:34  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
If move it down to sense 3, it still comes 
before the suffixes. I think it's really weird 
to lead with a meaning that's not at all 
common for 込む now that 混む has been split 
out.
12. A* 2021-07-11 01:29:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think sense 1 should be sandwiched between the suf senses (or moved to the bottom). How about a note?
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<s_inf>usu. 混む</s_inf>
11. A* 2021-07-11 01:18:56  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
道が混む	6969
道が込む	730

"to be crowded" should probably not lead 
here, with 混む split out?
I suggest making it sense 3, 4, 5 or 6
10. A 2021-07-10 02:49:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2849867">混む</xref>
(show/hide 9 older log entries)

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jmdict 1605740 Active (id: 2107304)
行きずり行き摺り行き摩り
ゆきずりいきずり
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ passing
▶ (person) who happens to pass by
2. [adj-no,n]
▶ (place) that one happens to pass by
3. [adj-no,n]
▶ casual (e.g. romance)
▶ momentary
▶ transient



History:
6. A 2021-07-09 01:00:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2021-07-08 23:11:07  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij, meikyo
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +22,4 @@
+<gloss>passing</gloss>
+<gloss>(person) who happens to pass by</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -22,2 +27,9 @@
-<gloss>passing</gloss>
-<gloss>casual</gloss>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>(place) that one happens to pass by</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>casual (e.g. romance)</gloss>
+<gloss>momentary</gloss>
+<gloss>transient</gloss>
4. A 2021-07-07 22:28:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2021-07-07 14:16:38  dine
  Refs:
daijr: 「ゆきずり」に同じ。
koj: =ゆきずり(行摩)
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>いきずり</reb>
2. A 2018-06-10 06:11:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
0 n-grams.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1639040 Active (id: 2107341)
軸足 [news2,nf26]
じくあし [news2,nf26]
1. [n] {sports}
▶ pivot foot
2. [n]
▶ emphasis
▶ priority
▶ focus
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2849788 軸足を置く【じくあしをおく】 1. to focus on particular aspects of things



History:
3. A 2021-07-09 16:43:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, gg5, wisdom
  Comments:
Not just baseball. Plenty of results for "軸足 バスケ".
Always "pivot foot", not "leg".
  Diff:
@@ -16,3 +16,2 @@
-<field>&baseb;</field>
-<gloss>pivot foot (pitcher)</gloss>
-<gloss>pivot leg</gloss>
+<field>&sports;</field>
+<gloss>pivot foot</gloss>
@@ -24 +23 @@
-<gloss>main point</gloss>
+<gloss>focus</gloss>
2. A* 2021-07-08 12:09:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A 2021-07-08 12:09:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Comments:
I'll approve for an xref and reopen.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,2 @@
+<field>&baseb;</field>
+<gloss>pivot foot (pitcher)</gloss>
@@ -17,0 +20,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>emphasis</gloss>
+<gloss>priority</gloss>
+<gloss>main point</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1698120 Active (id: 2107342)
冬場 [news1,nf16]
ふゆば [news1,nf16]
1. [n]
▶ wintertime
▶ winter season



History:
3. A 2021-07-09 16:48:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>the winter season</gloss>
+<gloss>winter season</gloss>
2. A 2021-07-08 22:48:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
The JEs usually have both. I'll align 夏場.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>the winter season</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-08 14:15:54  Nicolas Maia
  Comments:
Aligning with 夏場.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>the winter season</gloss>
+<gloss>wintertime</gloss>

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jmdict 1741920 Active (id: 2124191)
宮刑
きゅうけい
1. [n] [hist]
▶ second most severe of the five punishments of ancient China (castration for men, confinement for women)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2249000 五刑 1. five punishments (of ancient China: tattooing, cutting off the nose, cutting off a leg, castration or confinement, death)
  ⇐ see: 2081060 宮【きゅう】 3. ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women)



History:
4. A 2021-07-18 22:14:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2021-07-18 17:13:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr
  Comments:
I think it's helpful to give a little context here.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2249000">五刑</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2249000">五刑・1</xref>
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, confinement for women)</gloss>
+<gloss>second most severe of the five punishments of ancient China (castration for men, confinement for women)</gloss>
2. A 2021-07-08 08:18:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-06-28 04:39:11  Nicolas Maia
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>

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jmdict 1812800 Active (id: 2107277)
綿菓子
わたがし
1. [n]
▶ cotton candy
▶ fairy floss
▶ candy floss
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1533350 綿飴【わたあめ】 1. cotton candy; fairy floss; candy floss



History:
1. A 2021-07-08 18:14:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@
+<gloss>fairy floss</gloss>
+<gloss>candy floss</gloss>

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jmdict 1828070 Active (id: 2107307)
弱含み [news2,nf29]
よわふくみ [news2,nf29] よわぶくみ
1. [n] {finance}
▶ bearish tendency
▶ weak tone (of a market)
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1236220 強含み 1. bullish tendency; strong tone (of a market); firm tone



History:
5. A 2021-07-09 01:05:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2021-07-08 23:17:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
reverso
  Comments:
Not just the stock market.
  Diff:
@@ -22 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>bearish tendency (in the stock market)</gloss>
+<gloss>bearish tendency</gloss>
+<gloss>weak tone (of a market)</gloss>
3. A 2021-07-08 19:38:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19,3 @@
-<gloss>bearish (stock market)</gloss>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1236220">強含み</xref>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<gloss>bearish tendency (in the stock market)</gloss>
2. A 2021-07-07 22:17:07  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs too.
1. A* 2021-07-07 13:39:46  dine
  Refs:
daijr: 「よわぶくみ」とも
よわぶくみ	254
よわふくみ	21
弱ぶくみ	37
弱ふくみ	No matches
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>よわぶくみ</reb>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1856920 Active (id: 2107310)
穴だらけ
あなだらけ
1. [adj-no]
▶ riddled with holes
▶ full of holes
2. [adj-no]
▶ full of flaws
▶ full of loopholes
▶ faulty
▶ flawed



History:
5. A 2021-07-09 01:58:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
4. A* 2021-07-09 00:05:36  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm not sure I think "porous" and "leaky" really work (even if they might appear in KOD). I think they're too "interpretative", I 
think our definition should be more literal.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>riddled with holes</gloss>
@@ -13,2 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>porous</gloss>
-<gloss>leaky</gloss>
3. A* 2021-07-08 11:53:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
穴だらけ	87360
穴だらけは	140
穴だらけが	47
穴だらけな	4748
穴だらけの	19553
穴だらけに	15983
KOD
  Comments:
Raised on the mailing list. https://www.edrdg.org/jmdict_edict_list/2021/msg00092.html
Not a noun.
  Diff:
@@ -11 +10,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -13,4 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>hole</gloss>
-<gloss>aperture</gloss>
-<gloss>opening</gloss>
-<gloss>orifice</gloss>
+<gloss>full of holes</gloss>
+<gloss>porous</gloss>
+<gloss>leaky</gloss>
@@ -19 +16,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -21,2 +18,4 @@
-<gloss>fault</gloss>
-<gloss>flaw</gloss>
+<gloss>full of flaws</gloss>
+<gloss>full of loopholes</gloss>
+<gloss>faulty</gloss>
+<gloss>flawed</gloss>
2. A 2014-05-06 05:22:36  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-05-03 00:54:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, Eijiro
  Comments:
I think this expression is better off as the noun. That "穴だらけだ" needs a lot of context to work that way.
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>穴だらけだ</keb>
+<keb>穴だらけ</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>あなだらけだ</reb>
+<reb>あなだらけ</reb>
@@ -12,2 +12,11 @@
-<gloss>hold no water</gloss>
-<gloss>being full of holes</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>hole</gloss>
+<gloss>aperture</gloss>
+<gloss>opening</gloss>
+<gloss>orifice</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>fault</gloss>
+<gloss>flaw</gloss>

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jmdict 1869730 Active (id: 2107241)
肝に銘じる肝に命じる [iK]
きもにめいじる
1. [exp,v1] [id]
▶ to be deeply impressed
▶ to take to heart
▶ to engrave on one's heart
▶ to bear in mind
▶ [lit] to engrave in one's liver

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2021-07-08 07:43:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2021-07-08 06:00:30 
  Diff:
@@ -21,0 +22 @@
+<gloss g_type="lit">to engrave in one's liver</gloss>
5. A 2021-07-08 05:17:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
肝に銘じる	15392
肝に命じる	1999
4. A* 2021-07-08 03:45:06 
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>肝に命じる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2018-02-24 08:00:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1883780 Active (id: 2107295)
神経が細かい
しんけいがこまかい
1. [exp,adj-i]
▶ having delicate feelings
▶ sensitive
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1295530 細かい【こまかい】 4. sensitive; attentive

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2021-07-08 23:20:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
@@ -13 +14 @@
-<gloss>being sensitive</gloss>
+<gloss>sensitive</gloss>
2. A 2021-07-08 20:50:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>having delicate feeling</gloss>
+<gloss>having delicate feelings</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-08 13:58:40  jd <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
didn't change as unsure, but perhaps feeling needs an "s" on the end? The current doesn't 
sound right, although it could be grammatically sound. 

having delicate feeling[s]

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jmdict 2523190 Active (id: 2107224)
音楽学校
おんがくがっこう
1. [n]
▶ music school
▶ music academy
▶ conservatory



History:
3. A 2021-07-08 00:16:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2021-07-07 23:12:21  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
reverso
  Comments:
Outside of names of institutions, "music school" is much more common than "school of music".
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>school of music</gloss>
-<gloss>academy of music</gloss>
+<gloss>music school</gloss>
+<gloss>music academy</gloss>
1. A 2009-11-14 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2613790 Active (id: 2107354)
皺だらけ
しわだらけシワだらけ (nokanji)
1. [adj-no] [uk]
▶ wrinkled
▶ full of wrinkles



History:
5. A 2021-07-09 20:32:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2021-07-08 23:24:00  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
皺だらけ	        8853
しわだらけ	7382
シワだらけ	6578
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>シワだらけ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
@@ -11,0 +16 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -12,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>full of wrinkles</gloss>
3. A 2021-07-08 12:01:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
皺だらけ	8853
皺だらけな	179
皺だらけの	4722
  Comments:
But rather few.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
2. A 2011-03-02 05:28:24  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
nikk
  Comments:
皺だらけな also gets hits
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
1. A* 2011-03-02 03:53:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5

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jmdict 2666150 Active (id: 2107225)
音楽院
おんがくいん
1. [n]
▶ conservatory
▶ conservatoire
▶ music academy
▶ music school
▶ college of music



History:
4. A 2021-07-08 00:17:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2021-07-07 23:06:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
reverso examples
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@
+<gloss>conservatoire</gloss>
+<gloss>music academy</gloss>
+<gloss>music school</gloss>
@@ -14 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>music academy</gloss>
2. A 2011-11-05 17:04:20  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-11-05 02:00:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Eijiro (it's in the name of many institutions, e.g. モスクワ音楽院 and リスト音楽院.

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jmdict 2672910 Active (id: 2107345)
血だらけ
ちだらけ
1. [adj-no,adj-na]
▶ covered in blood
▶ bloodstained
▶ bloody
▶ gory



History:
4. A 2021-07-09 17:00:26  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>covered in blood</gloss>
3. A* 2021-07-08 12:03:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
血だらけ	105933
血だらけが	46
血だらけな	1911
血だらけの	22694
  Comments:
Not a noun.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
2. A 2012-01-06 10:17:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-12-27 06:08:26  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, gg5, etc.

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jmdict 2795520 Active (id: 2107366)
泥だらけ
どろだらけ
1. [adj-no,adj-na]
▶ covered in mud
▶ mud-caked



History:
5. A 2021-07-09 20:59:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Heaps of words are tagged as nouns in the kokugos which are not used as sentence subjects 
in modern Japanese. I think they are largely historical.
4. A 2021-07-09 20:14:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr:(名・形動)泥にまみれる・こと(さま)。泥まみれ。「―な子供」「―の大根」
  Comments:
Just noting that although 〜だらけ terms are always adjectival, the kokugos do actually classify them as nouns.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1729680">泥まみれ・どろまみれ</xref>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
3. A* 2021-07-08 12:00:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
泥だらけ	125760
泥だらけの	33055
泥だらけに	45871 <- seem to be mostly になる, etc.
  Comments:
Not a noun.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
2. A 2013-08-04 23:20:04  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2013-07-26 02:41:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, 新和英中辞典

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jmdict 2817460 Active (id: 2107285)
野試合
のじあい
1. [n]
▶ outdoor kendo match
2. [n] {video games}
▶ casual match
▶ non-competitive match



History:
17. A 2021-07-08 22:41:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Jisho normally displays those field tags in grey text after the glosses. I suspect Kim hasn't updated for a while. I've emailed him about it.
16. A* 2021-07-08 21:57:52 
  Comments:
it's jisho
15. A 2021-07-05 23:56:53  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Maybr Jisho - it doesn't show up there.
14. A 2021-07-05 21:02:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Which app/site? I can contact them.
13. A 2021-07-05 14:40:47  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
That's an issue with the specific site/app you're using, try taking it up with them.
(show/hide 12 older log entries)

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jmdict 2849710 Active (id: 2107372)

パキッぱきっパキっ
1. [adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ with a snap
▶ with a crack



History:
3. A 2021-07-09 22:42:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=パキッと
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>with a cracking sound</gloss>
+<gloss>with a snap</gloss>
+<gloss>with a crack</gloss>
2. A 2021-07-08 10:33:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
パキっ	758
  Comments:
Perhaps it should be パキッと, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>パキっ</reb>
1. A* 2021-06-26 12:46:11  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/ycykiwai/diary/201109120000/
http://www.mizkan.co.jp/company/csr/rd/pakittotare.html
  Comments:
パキッ	36959
ぱきっ	1059

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jmdict 2849723 Active (id: 2107269)
隠れ鬼
かくれおに
1. [n]
▶ hide-and-seek and tag
▶ [expl] children's game where the participants first hide, then run away from the seeker



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 12:18:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-06-27 07:45:25  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
隠れ鬼	2203
隠れ鬼ごっこ	371
https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/隠�%8
2%8C%E9%AC%BC%E3%81%94%E3%81%A3%E3%81%93
wiktionary

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jmdict 2849743 Active (id: 2107248)
若主人
わかしゅじん
1. [n]
▶ young owner
▶ young proprietor



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 08:18:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-06-28 05:18:06  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
若主人	11865
reverso examples

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jmdict 2849759 Active (id: 2107249)
電動化
でんどうか
1. [n]
▶ electrification (esp. in the auto industry)



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 08:19:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
電動化	8299
1. A* 2021-06-29 03:58:43  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/search?p=電動化&ei=UTF-8

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jmdict 2849774 Active (id: 2107244)
スパイクタンパク質
スパイクタンパクしつ
1. [n] {chemistry}
▶ spike protein
▶ peplomer



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 08:11:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
スパイクタンパク質	197
A lot of recent WWW hits.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&chem;</field>
1. A* 2021-06-30 11:42:07  solo_han
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/スパイクタンパク質

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jmdict 2849779 Active (id: 2107267)
特定贈与信託
とくていぞうよしんたく
1. [n] {finance}
▶ special donation trust
▶ specified gift trust



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 12:13:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>special donation trust</gloss>
1. A* 2021-06-30 22:36:14  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/特定贈与信託-104843

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jmdict 2849786 Active (id: 2107257)
私的所有
してきしょゆう
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ private ownership
▶ private property



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 10:50:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Reverso
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1. A* 2021-07-02 00:19:24  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/私的所有-1332036
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/私的所有
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=私的所有

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jmdict 2849788 Active (id: 2107265)
軸足を置く
じくあしをおく
1. [exp,v5k]
▶ to focus on particular aspects of things
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1639040 軸足 2. emphasis; priority; focus

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2021-07-08 12:11:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
軸足を置く	4237
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>to put particular focus on certain parts of things</gloss>
+<pos>&v5k;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1639040">軸足・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1639040">軸足・2</xref>
+<gloss>to focus on particular aspects of things</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-02 07:19:16  solo_han
  Refs:
https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/軸足を置く
  Comments:
物事の特定の部分に特に力を入れること

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jmdict 2849790 Active (id: 2107245)
地位財
ちいざい
1. [n] {economics}
▶ positional goods
▶ status symbol goods
Cross references:
  ⇐ ant: 2849791 非地位財【ひちいざい】 1. non-positional goods; non-status symbol goods



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 08:16:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
地位財	62
  Comments:
Uncommon.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>positional good</gloss>
-<gloss>status symbol good</gloss>
+<field>&econ;</field>
+<gloss>positional goods</gloss>
+<gloss>status symbol goods</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-02 12:35:49  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/地位財-1819589
https://fpcafe.jp/mocha/1204
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_good

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jmdict 2849791 Active (id: 2107246)
非地位財
ひちいざい
1. [n] {economics}
▶ non-positional goods
▶ non-status symbol goods
Cross references:
  ⇒ ant: 2849790 地位財 1. positional goods; status symbol goods



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 08:17:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13,3 @@
-<gloss>non-positional good</gloss>
-<gloss>good that brings personal happiness regardless of status</gloss>
+<field>&econ;</field>
+<gloss>non-positional goods</gloss>
+<gloss>non-status symbol goods</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-02 12:39:43  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/非地位財-1819975#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89
https://fpcafe.jp/mocha/1204
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_good

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jmdict 2849793 Active (id: 2107256)
視線を落とす
しせんをおとす
1. [exp,v5s]
▶ to look downwards (at)
▶ to lower one's gaze
▶ to drop one's eyes

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2021-07-08 10:47:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5 example.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>to drop one's eyes</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-02 13:23:18 
  Refs:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=視線を落とす

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jmdict 2849805 Active (id: 2107282)
心癖
こころぐせ
1. [n] [arch]
▶ predisposition
▶ inclination
▶ nature
▶ tendency



History:
4. A 2021-07-08 22:00:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Just like certain religions in English-speaking countries use "thee" and "thou"?
3. A* 2021-07-08 14:17:33  Nicolas Maia
  Comments:
It seems to still be used in the Perfect Liberty religion, if I understand correctly.
2. A 2021-07-08 12:18:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
心癖	959
  Comments:
The quotations in the refs are very old.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
1. A* 2021-07-03 14:06:39  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/心癖-500600
https://kotobank.jp/word/パーフェクト リバティー教団-1581167

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jmdict 2849848 Active (id: 2107236)
秩父夜祭秩父夜祭り
ちちぶよまつり
1. [n]
▶ Chichibu Festival



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 05:21:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
秩父夜祭	10800
秩父夜祭り	3978
Daijr
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>秩父夜祭り</keb>
1. A* 2021-07-07 22:49:44  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/秩父夜祭-156667
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/秩父夜祭

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jmdict 2849849 Active (id: 2107233)
不服従運動
ふふくじゅううんどう
1. [n]
▶ civil disobedience movement
▶ civil disobedience campaign



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 05:18:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>civil disobedience campaign</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-08 01:37:32  solo_han
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/不服従運動-125664

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2849850 Active (id: 2107297)

モッパンモクバンモクパン
1. [n] Source lang: kor
▶ mukbang (Korean online eating show)



History:
3. A 2021-07-08 23:32:30  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/モクバン
https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20201130-1530413/
https://makitani.net/shimauma/mukbang
  Comments:
Adding some Japanese sources.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>モクパン</reb>
2. A 2021-07-08 10:34:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-07-08 09:30:30  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukbang
https://www.reportr.world/news/lockdown-is-
collins-dictionary-word-of-the-year-a4677-
20201110

My wife tells me these have been popular since 
3 years ago, and expressed surprise at the 
fact that I had no idea what they were.

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jmdict 2849851 Active (id: 2107266)
塩素消毒
えんそしょうどく
1. [n]
▶ chlorine disinfection
▶ chlorination



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 12:12:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>chlorination</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-08 09:59:31  solo_han
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/塩素消毒

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jmdict 2849852 Active (id: 2107284)
舐め取る
なめとる
1. [v5r,vt]
▶ to lick off
▶ to take (something) off by licking

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2021-07-08 22:06:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
舐め取る	2286
を舐め取る	1054
1. A* 2021-07-08 13:26:21 
  Refs:
https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68443/what-does-舐め取られてる-mean-in-this-sentence
  Comments:
≒ 舐めて取る

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jmdict 2849853 Active (id: 2107283)

クヴェヴリ
1. [n] Source lang: geo
▶ kvevri (large earthenware vessel used for traditional Georgian wine)
▶ qvevri



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 22:03:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クヴェヴリ
  Comments:
Household word.
1. A* 2021-07-08 19:12:43  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
www-images jwiki wiki

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jmdict 2849854 Active (id: 2107298)
貶下
へんげ
1. [n,vs] [rare]
▶ scorn
▶ disdain
▶ contempt
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1252860 軽蔑 1. contempt; scorn; disdain; despising; looking down on; slighting

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2021-07-08 23:33:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1252860">軽蔑・けいべつ</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1252860">軽蔑</xref>
2. A 2021-07-08 23:01:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Unidic, https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1011412520
貶下	160
  Comments:
Very 浪花.
  Diff:
@@ -11,4 +11,7 @@
-<pos>&v1;</pos>
-<pos>&vt;</pos>
-<gloss>to show contempt for</gloss>
-<gloss>to look down upon</gloss>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1252860">軽蔑・けいべつ</xref>
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>
+<gloss>scorn</gloss>
+<gloss>disdain</gloss>
+<gloss>contempt</gloss>
1. A* 2021-07-08 22:42:58  solo_han
  Refs:
https://kotobanoba.naniwoyomu.com/863/

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jmdict 2849855 Active (id: 2107386)
単純接触効果
たんじゅんせっしょくこうか
1. [n] {psychology}
▶ mere exposure effect



History:
2. A 2021-07-10 03:09:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&psych;</field>
1. A* 2021-07-08 22:56:21  solo_han
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/単純接触効果
  Comments:
繰り返し接すると好意度や印象が高まるという効果

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jmnedict 5011773 Deleted (id: 2107230)

アンジロウ
1. [person]
▶ Anjirou



History:
1. D 2021-07-08 05:10:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merged.

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jmnedict 5032877 Active (id: 2107242)

コム
1. [place]
▶ Qom (Iran)
▶ Qum



History:
1. A 2021-07-08 07:47:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9,2 @@
-<gloss>Qom</gloss>
+<gloss>Qom (Iran)</gloss>
+<gloss>Qum</gloss>

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jmnedict 5168534 Active (id: 2107240)
歌磨
うたまろ
1. [surname]
▶ Utamaro



History:
1. A 2021-07-08 07:43:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>

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jmnedict 5168539 Active (id: 2107239)
歌麿
うたまろ
1. [surname]
▶ Utamaro



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 07:42:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-07-08 05:19:49  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
wiki
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>

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jmnedict 5197631 Active (id: 2107238)
喜多川歌麿
きたがわうたまろ
1. [person]
▶ Kitagawa Utamaro (1753-1806)



History:
2. A 2021-07-08 07:42:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-07-08 05:19:07  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
wiki
  Diff:
@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
-<gloss>Kitagawautamaro</gloss>
+<misc>&person;</misc>
+<gloss>Kitagawa Utamaro (1753-1806)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5741678 Active (id: 2107229)

アンジローアンジロウ
1. [person]
▶ Anjirō (first recorded Japanese Christian)
▶ Yajirō
▶ Paulo de Santa Fé



History:
3. A 2021-07-08 05:09:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merging
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>アンジロウ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -8 +11 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&person;</misc>
2. A 2018-02-22 18:41:30  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-02-22 18:41:23  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr wiki
  Comments:
16th century

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