JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1069060 Active (id: 2106989)

スコアリングポジション；スコアリング・ポジション

1.

[n] {baseball}
▶ scoring position

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1928500 得点圏 1. scoring position

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 23:39:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daijr スコアリングポジション 2788 得点圏 46195
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1928500">得点圏</xref> +<field>&baseb;</field>
1.	A 2013-05-11 08:25:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>スコアリング・ポジション</reb>

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jmdict 1114070 Active (id: 2107004)

ブランチ [gai1]

1.

[n]
▶ branch

History:

2.	A 2021-07-06 00:39:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 23:51:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting on source word.
	Diff:	@@ -12,4 +11,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>brunch</gloss> -</sense>

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jmdict 1147300 Active (id: 2106966)

ロゴタイプ

1.

[n]
▶ logo
▶ logotype

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1147280 ロゴ 1. logo

2.

[n] {printing}
▶ logotype

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2843762 連字 1. logotype

History:

4.	A 2021-07-05 20:26:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>logotype (printing)</gloss> +<field>&print;</field> +<gloss>logotype</gloss>
3.	A 2020-03-20 01:09:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2020-03-18 03:48:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopen.
1.	A 2020-03-18 03:47:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr (splits senses)
	Comments:	I'll approve for an xref, then reopen.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1147280">ロゴ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1147280">ロゴ・1</xref> +<gloss>logo</gloss> @@ -10,0 +14,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2843762">連字</xref> +<gloss>logotype (printing)</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1425790 Active (id: 2106987)
仲間 [ichi1,news1,nf02]
【なかま [ichi1,news1,nf02] 】

1.

[n]
▶ companion
▶ fellow
▶ friend
▶ mate
▶ comrade
▶ partner
▶ colleague
▶ coworker
▶ associate

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2850713 仲間たち【なかまたち】 1. companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners

2.

[n]
▶ group
▶ company
▶ circle
▶ set
▶ gang

3.

[n]
▶ member of the same category (family, class)

History:

7.	A 2021-07-05 23:20:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've indexed some sentences.
6.	A* 2021-07-04 21:20:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A 2021-07-04 21:19:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll reopen as sentences need reindexing.
4.	A* 2021-07-02 16:38:09 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	I think it's clearer to split out the collective noun glosses into a separate sense, as in prog. Daijs also has a separate "地位・職業などの同じ人々" sense.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>company</gloss> +<gloss>companion</gloss> @@ -19,0 +20,4 @@ +<gloss>friend</gloss> +<gloss>mate</gloss> +<gloss>comrade</gloss> +<gloss>partner</gloss> @@ -20,0 +25 @@ +<gloss>coworker</gloss> @@ -22,5 +26,0 @@ -<gloss>comrade</gloss> -<gloss>mate</gloss> -<gloss>group</gloss> -<gloss>circle of friends</gloss> -<gloss>partner</gloss> @@ -30 +30,9 @@ -<gloss>member of the same category</gloss> +<gloss>group</gloss> +<gloss>company</gloss> +<gloss>circle</gloss> +<gloss>set</gloss> +<gloss>gang</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>member of the same category (family, class)</gloss>
3.	A 2013-09-01 18:52:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2013-09-01 07:28:17 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	(amend wording)
	Diff:	@@ -30,1 +30,1 @@ -<gloss>member of the same classification</gloss> +<gloss>member of the same category</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-09-01 07:27:48 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr shinkai
	Comments:	Add other definition “member of the same classification”; this is easy to miss. Heard e.g. in traffic laws, as “cars and bicycles are of the same classification” (I wouldn’t call them “comrades”…).
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +28,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>member of the same classification</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1552200 Active (id: 2310751)
流れ星 [spec2,news2,nf34] ；ながれ星 [sK]
【ながれぼし [spec2,news2,nf34] 】

1.

[n]
▶ shooting star
▶ falling star
▶ meteor

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1552370 流星 1. meteor; shooting star; falling star

2.

[n]
▶ blaze (wide white stripe down the face of a horse)

History:

5.	A 2024-09-01 04:28:33 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 流れ星　　 │ 410,986 │ 95.6% │ │ ながれ星　 │ 7,522 │ 1.7% │ - add, sK │ 流れぼし　 │ 125 │ 0.0% │ │ ナガレ星　 │ 26 │ 0.0% │ │ ながれぼし │ 8,595 │ 2.0% │ │ ナガレボシ │ 2,839 │ 0.7% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ながれ星</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2021-07-06 23:53:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This is probably clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25 @@ -<gloss>blaze (horse marking)</gloss> +<gloss>blaze (wide white stripe down the face of a horse)</gloss>
3.	A 2021-07-05 20:48:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2021-07-05 10:22:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_markings#Facial_markings
	Comments:	Sense 1 isn't a technical term. Dropping field tag.
	Diff:	@@ -18,2 +18 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星・りゅうせい</xref> -<field>&astron;</field> +<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星</xref> @@ -26,2 +25 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2190640">星月・ほしづき</xref> -<gloss>star (white patch on the forehead of a horse)</gloss> +<gloss>blaze (horse marking)</gloss>
1.	A 2012-06-07 22:29:49 Jean-Luc Leger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星・りゅうせい</xref> +<field>&astron;</field> @@ -19,0 +21,1 @@ +<gloss>falling star</gloss> @@ -21,0 +24,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2190640">星月・ほしづき</xref> +<gloss>star (white patch on the forehead of a horse)</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1552370 Active (id: 2106940)
流星 [news2,nf26]
【りゅうせい [news2,nf26] 】

1.

[n]
▶ meteor
▶ shooting star
▶ falling star

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1367700 人魂【ひとだま】 2. meteor; shooting star
	⇐ see: 1920040 メテオ 1. meteor
	⇐ see: 1552200 流れ星【ながれぼし】 1. shooting star; falling star; meteor

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 10:02:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
1.	A* 2021-07-05 04:49:33 Opencooper
	Refs:	chuujiten
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss>shooting star</gloss>

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jmdict 1579310 Active (id: 2106969)
刷子
【さっし；ブラシ [gikun] 】

1.

[n]
▶ brush

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1298700 刷毛【はけ】 1. brush (for painting, basting, etc.)

History:

3.	A 2021-07-05 20:49:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
2.	A* 2021-07-05 00:31:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs, meikyo, shinmeikai, nikk
	Comments:	Most of the kokugos have【刷毛・刷子】for はけ. I think we should add 刷子 to the 刷毛/はけ entry and drop the はけ reading from here.
	Diff:	@@ -11,3 +10,0 @@ -<reb>はけ</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -18,0 +16 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1298700">刷毛・はけ</xref> @@ -20 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>commutator brush</gloss>
1.	A 2021-07-04 05:09:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See 1611450.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ブラシ</reb> +<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1611450 Active (id: 2106970)

ブラシ [gai1,ichi1] ；ブラッシュ

1.

[n]
▶ brush

History:

10.	A 2021-07-05 20:50:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks.
9.	A 2021-07-05 10:47:08 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've fixed the links.
8.	A* 2021-07-04 05:14:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A 2021-07-04 05:13:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, that seems best. I'll set it up. I'll also reopen this to fix the example links.
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>刷子</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -17 +13,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
6.	A* 2021-07-04 00:03:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	As it's so rare to write ブラシ with kanji, I suggest adding ブラシ as a gikun reading to 刷子 instead of adding 刷子 to this entry. See ランプ/洋灯 and ポンプ/喞筒.
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A 2021-07-03 21:24:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2021-07-03 01:41:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ブラシ 2569088 ブラッシュ 182484 ブラッシ 2499 ブラシュ 303
	Comments:	removing iks (not common) splitting on source adding kanji (in koj)
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>刷子</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -12,8 +14,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>ブラッシ</reb> -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ブラシュ</reb> -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> -</r_ele> @@ -21,0 +17 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -23,10 +18,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<stagr>ブラシ</stagr> -<stagr>ブラッシ</stagr> -<pos>&adj-f;</pos> -<gloss>brushy</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>blush</gloss>
3.	A 2016-12-26 06:41:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: ブラシ 2569088 ブラッシ 2499 ブラシュ 303 ブラッシュ 182484
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<reb>ブラッシュ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -16,3 +18,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ブラッシュ</reb>
2.	A* 2016-12-26 01:52:40 Scott
	Comments:	Can be used to mean "blush" or even "brash" but it's not in the kokugos or gg5 (same for ブラシ). Blush might be worth mentioning.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ブラッシュ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -21,0 +25,2 @@ +<stagr>ブラシ</stagr> +<stagr>ブラッシ</stagr> @@ -24,0 +30,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>blush</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2016-12-24 04:11:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ブラシ 2569088 ブラッシ 2499 ブラシュ 303
	Comments:	Merging submitted version.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,8 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ブラッシ</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ブラシュ</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>

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jmdict 1667700 Active (id: 2106971)
違警罪
【いけいざい】

1.

[n] [hist] {law}
▶ misdemeanor

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 20:53:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Gg5: police offense
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&law;</field>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 15:16:37 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs: 旧刑法で...
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>(relatively minor) offense against police regulations (offence)</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>misdemeanor</gloss>

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jmdict 1678140 Active (id: 2106967)
口真似；口まね；口マネ
【くちまね (口真似, 口まね)；くちマネ (口マネ) 】

1.

[n,vs]
▶ mimicking someone's speech
▶ imitating someone's way of speaking
▶ mimicry

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2021-07-05 20:32:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	口真似 10010 口まね 4588 口マネ 1319
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>口マネ</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -11,0 +15,6 @@ +<re_restr>口真似</re_restr> +<re_restr>口まね</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>くちマネ</reb> +<re_restr>口マネ</re_restr> @@ -15,0 +25,2 @@ +<gloss>mimicking someone's speech</gloss> +<gloss>imitating someone's way of speaking</gloss> @@ -17 +27,0 @@ -<gloss>imitating someone's way of speaking</gloss>
3.	A* 2021-07-05 08:19:11
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>口まね</keb>
2.	A 2020-08-15 12:27:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-08-15 10:39:59 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 koj daij
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>imitating someone's way of speaking</gloss>

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jmdict 1799300 Active (id: 2106972)
床店；とこ店；床見世
【とこみせ】

1.

[n]
▶ simple store
▶ booth
▶ stall

History:

6.	A 2021-07-05 20:53:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2021-07-05 15:10:41 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	kokugos
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18,3 @@ -<gloss>booth or stall in front of a home</gloss> +<gloss>simple store</gloss> +<gloss>booth</gloss> +<gloss>stall</gloss>
4.	A 2016-05-24 16:18:59 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-05-24 16:15:36 luce
	Refs:	image search: nothing relevant for hiragana
	Comments:	the n-grams are hitting 〜〜とこ（を）みせる
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2016-05-22 05:41:53 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2016-05-22 02:46:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: 床店 531 床見世 113 とこみせ 2771 床みせ No matches とこ店 396
	Comments:	From 2648170.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>とこ店</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>床見世</keb> @@ -11,0 +18 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>

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jmdict 1920040 Active (id: 2106944)

メテオ；ミーティア

1.

[n] {astronomy}
▶ meteor

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1552370 流星 1. meteor; shooting star; falling star

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 10:15:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星・りゅうせい</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1574040">隕石・いんせき</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星</xref>
1.	A 2012-06-08 18:32:31 Jean-Luc Leger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,3 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星・りゅうせい</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1574040">隕石・いんせき</xref> +<field>&astron;</field>

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jmdict 1928500 Active (id: 2107014)
得点圏
【とくてんけん】

1.

[n] {baseball}
▶ scoring position

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1069060 スコアリングポジション 1. scoring position

History:

4.	A 2021-07-06 00:49:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	To clarify, I was referring to the "with runners on second and-or third base" part of the gloss, not the term itself.
3.	A 2021-07-06 00:35:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Leave it.
2.	A* 2021-07-05 23:39:38 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Probably not needed.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>scoring position, with runners on second and-or third base</gloss> +<gloss>scoring position</gloss>
1.	A 2014-12-20 17:16:27 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>scoring position, with runners on second and-or third base (baseball)</gloss> +<field>&baseb;</field> +<gloss>scoring position, with runners on second and-or third base</gloss>

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jmdict 1954390 Active (id: 2106973)
髪型 [spec1] ；髪形 [news1,nf21]
【かみがた [spec1,news1,nf21] 】

1.

[n]
▶ hair style
▶ coiffure
▶ hairdo

History:

4.	A 2021-07-05 20:54:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
3.	A* 2021-07-05 14:48:32 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	髪形 207215 髪型 2119123 髪型が変 2842 髪形が変 368
	Comments:	spec1 on 髪型, or just move the news1 tag?
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>髪型</keb> +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> +</k_ele> @@ -8,3 +11,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>髪型</keb>
2.	A 2013-02-06 00:50:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-05 18:18:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, etc.
	Comments:	merge
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>髪型</keb>

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jmdict 1985150 Rejected (id: 2106974)
くぐり抜ける；潜り抜ける
【くぐりぬける】

1.	[v1,vt] ▶ to squeeze through
2.	[v1,vt] ▶ to struggle through ▶ to get through (difficulties, danger, etc.) ▶ to escape (through the cordon) ▶ to evade (the law)

Conjugations

History:

4.	R 2021-07-05 20:57:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Not supported by the JEs.
3.	A* 2021-07-05 03:19:20 David W <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16 @@ -<gloss>to go through</gloss> -<gloss>to pass through</gloss> +<gloss>to squeeze through</gloss>
2.	A 2012-09-25 08:10:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-09-24 20:51:11 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, 新和英中辞典, prog Hits in order: 225k, 135k
	Comments:	All the examples in the refs listed above are [vt].
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@ -<keb>潜り抜ける</keb> +<keb>くぐり抜ける</keb> @@ -8,1 +8,1 @@ -<keb>くぐり抜ける</keb> +<keb>潜り抜ける</keb> @@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<pos>&vi;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -18,0 +18,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to struggle through</gloss> +<gloss>to get through (difficulties, danger, etc.)</gloss>

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jmdict 2021530 Active (id: 2107111)
ポンチ絵
【ポンチえ】

1.

[n]
《after the British weekly magazine 'Punch'》
▶ (satirical) cartoon
▶ caricature
▶ humorous illustration

History:

5.	A 2021-07-07 06:08:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm not fussed. SIngle are easier to enter.
4.	A* 2021-07-06 22:35:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Single quotes or double quotes in usage notes? We currently use both.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>cartoon</gloss> +<gloss>(satirical) cartoon</gloss>
3.	A 2021-07-05 20:58:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2021-07-05 14:58:49 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj etc.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<s_inf>after the British weekly magazine 'Punch'</s_inf> @@ -13,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>humorous illustration</gloss>
1.	A 2004-09-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2086930 Active (id: 2115772)
反切
【はんせつ】

1.

[n]
▶ fanqie
▶ [expl] traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1480060 反【はん】 3. fanqie; traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone

History:

4.	A 2021-07-14 08:13:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	English Google n-grams: fanqie 844 countertomy 0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie
	Comments:	I prefer the previous version.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>countertomy</gloss> +<gloss>fanqie</gloss>
3.	A* 2021-07-05 10:16:42
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>fanqie</gloss> +<gloss>countertomy</gloss>
2.	A 2013-01-20 06:28:20 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->expl
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>fanqie (traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone)</gloss> +<gloss>fanqie</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone</gloss>
1.	A 2006-07-09 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2088620 Active (id: 2106952)
笏
【しゃく】

1.

[n]
▶ shaku
▶ [expl] flat wooden or ivory baton carried in the right hand when in ceremonial imperial or Shinto garb

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 13:31:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>shaku (flat wooden or ivory baton carried in the right hand when in ceremonial imperial or Shinto garb)</gloss> +<gloss>shaku</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">flat wooden or ivory baton carried in the right hand when in ceremonial imperial or Shinto garb</gloss>
1.	A 2006-07-09 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2103140 Active (id: 2106976)
肝をつぶす；肝を潰す
【きもをつぶす】

1.

[exp,v5s] [id]
▶ to be flabbergasted
▶ to be amazed
▶ to be astounded
▶ to be stunned

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2021-07-05 21:00:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2021-07-05 15:20:43 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	I don't see "frightened" in the kokugos.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>to be frightened out of one's wits</gloss> +<gloss>to be flabbergasted</gloss>
4.	A 2020-09-10 01:23:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
3.	A 2010-08-22 19:28:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2010-08-22 05:03:45 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<pos>&v5s;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2006-10-03 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2105790 Active (id: 2106996)
かばん語；鞄語
【かばんご】

1.

[n]
▶ portmanteau word

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1290420 混成語 2. hybrid word; portmanteau word
	⇐ see: 2815530 ポートマントー 2. portmanteau (word)

History:

5.	A 2021-07-06 00:22:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	[ling]?
4.	A* 2021-07-05 23:50:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think we need to explain what it is.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +16,0 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">combination of two words (often first half of one, second half of another)</gloss>
3.	A 2012-05-01 02:09:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr
	Comments:	Don't recall.
	Diff:	@@ -15,3 +15,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1290420">混成語</xref> -<gloss>portmanteau</gloss> -<gloss>combination of two words (often first half of one, second half of another)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1290420">混成語・2</xref> +<gloss>portmanteau word</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">combination of two words (often first half of one, second half of another)</gloss>
2.	A* 2012-05-01 01:58:41 Marcus
	Comments:	why is this marked as obsolete? jawiki article on portmanteau's has this as the headword http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/かばん� %9E
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,0 @@ -<misc>&obs;</misc>
1.	A 2006-11-08 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2527330 Active (id: 2106947)
火球
【かきゅう】

1.	[n] ▶ fireball
2.	[n] {astronomy} ▶ bolide ▶ fireball

History:

3.	A 2021-07-05 10:25:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, wiki
	Diff:	@@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星・りゅうせい</xref> @@ -18,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>fireball</gloss>
2.	A 2012-06-09 16:17:14 Jean-Luc Leger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1552370">流星・りゅうせい</xref> +<field>&astron;</field>
1.	A 2009-11-14 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2571710 Active (id: 2106943)
流星物質
【りゅうせいぶっしつ】

1.

[n] {astronomy}
▶ meteoroid

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2571700 メテオロイド 1. meteoroid
	⇐ see: 2849816 流星体【りゅうせいたい】 1. meteoroid

History:

3.	A 2021-07-05 10:12:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&astron;</field>
2.	A 2010-08-16 22:52:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-08-16 21:59:26 Scott
	Refs:	WP

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jmdict 2648170 Active (id: 2115859)
出し店；出し見世
【だしみせ】

1.

[n] Dialect: ksb
▶ booth
▶ stall

History:

6.	A 2021-07-15 05:51:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, Daijr, etc.
	Comments:	Simpler
	Diff:	@@ -15,2 +14,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1799300">床店・とこみせ</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1339820">出店・でみせ・1</xref> @@ -18 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>booth or stall set up on the sidewalk in front of a shop or home (esp. food booths at festivals)</gloss> +<gloss>booth</gloss> +<gloss>stall</gloss>
5.	A* 2021-07-05 15:11:08 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This definition seems overly complicated, and I don't see the point of the xrefs.
4.	A 2016-05-22 05:42:19 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-05-22 02:43:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I now think I was quite wrong to add 床店 and 床見世. They are read とこみせ, for which we already have an entry. Mea culpa.
	Diff:	@@ -10,6 +9,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>床店</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>床見世</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -20,0 +15 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1799300">床店・とこみせ</xref>
2.	A 2011-07-18 05:08:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj (adding its okurigana versions)
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>床店</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>床見世</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -17,1 +23,1 @@ -<gloss>a booth or stall, set up on the sidewalk in front of a shop or home, particularly food booths at festivals</gloss> +<gloss>booth or stall set up on the sidewalk in front of a shop or home (esp. food booths at festivals)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2011-07-18 04:39:50 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	大辞林、広辞苑
	Comments:	Saw 「出し店」 used at a sign in Kyoto (namely “don’t set up any stalls here”), and some Japanese I asked about this word were puzzled (they were familiar with 出店でみせ – I’ve linked to this due to very close semantic/etymological connection), which accords with 広辞苑 assessment as Kansai-ben. The 国語 dictionaries define it as synonymous with 床店 though these aren’t etymologically related hence not linked.

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jmdict 2817460 Active (id: 2107285)
野試合
【のじあい】

1.	[n] ▶ outdoor kendo match
2.	[n] {video games} ▶ casual match ▶ non-competitive match

History:

17.	A 2021-07-08 22:41:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Jisho normally displays those field tags in grey text after the glosses. I suspect Kim hasn't updated for a while. I've emailed him about it.
16.	A* 2021-07-08 21:57:52
	Comments:	it's jisho
15.	A 2021-07-05 23:56:53 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Maybr Jisho - it doesn't show up there.
14.	A 2021-07-05 21:02:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Which app/site? I can contact them.
13.	A 2021-07-05 14:40:47 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	That's an issue with the specific site/app you're using, try taking it up with them.
(show/hide 12 older log entries)
12.	A* 2021-07-05 09:33:21
	Comments:	I see it in the preview in here, but no such tag is displayed or shows up when I view the entry on-site
11.	A 2021-07-04 15:02:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Indeed.
10.	A* 2021-07-04 11:59:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think that's already covered by the video-games tag.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>(in gaming) casual match</gloss> +<gloss>casual match</gloss>
9.	A* 2021-07-04 09:28:31
	Comments:	I think it should be clarified that 野試合 is used to mean "casual match" pretty much only in video gaming. I have not seen sports like soccer use it in this context.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>casual match</gloss> +<gloss>(in gaming) casual match</gloss>
8.	A 2021-02-21 10:56:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>outdoors kendo match</gloss> +<gloss>outdoor kendo match</gloss>
7.	A 2021-02-20 21:05:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>(in gaming) casual matches, non-competitive match, "casuals"</gloss> +<field>&vidg;</field> +<gloss>casual match</gloss> +<gloss>non-competitive match</gloss>
6.	A* 2021-02-20 14:41:03 katakananu <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Japanese Discussion of the term https://hinative.com/ja/questions/6801543 A few examples of the term being used for "casual matches" in gaming video titles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBRP7XLGafo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmxX0714rus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvFCjALDFzY
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>(in gaming) casual matches, non-competitive match, "casuals"</gloss>
5.	A 2020-09-05 00:08:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	No reference or case. I'm dropping this change.
	Diff:	@@ -14,4 +13,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>(in gaming) casual match, non-competitive match, "casuals"</gloss> -</sense>
4.	A* 2020-09-02 01:56:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	References for this addition? All I can see with a bit of Googling is kendo stuff.
3.	A* 2020-09-01 16:32:19 katakananu <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>(in gaming) casual match, non-competitive match, "casuals"</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2014-05-23 08:00:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	WWW images.
1.	A* 2014-05-23 05:36:21 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	スポーツ用語がわかる辞典: http://kotobank.jp/word/野試合?dic=sports&oid=KSW32599500

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jmdict 2830624 Active (id: 2106950)

ソーシャライト；ソーシャライツ

1.

[n]
▶ socialite

History:

4.	A 2021-07-05 11:49:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2021-07-05 04:24:57 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think the xref adds much.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1531560">名士・めいし</xref>
2.	A 2016-12-02 00:59:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr. N-grams: ソーシャライト 1456 ソーシャライツ 699
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ソーシャライツ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -8,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1531560">名士・めいし</xref>
1.	A* 2016-12-01 19:38:26 Scott
	Refs:	wiki

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jmdict 2849798 Active (id: 2106934)
突き錐；突きぎり
【つきぎり】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ (shoemaker's) awl

History:

4.	A 2021-07-05 04:25:33 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>(shoemaker’s) awl</gloss> +<gloss>(shoemaker's) awl</gloss>
3.	A* 2021-07-05 02:41:04 dine
	Comments:	Do we need the Unicode apostrophe (’) over the ASCII one (')?
2.	A 2021-07-04 12:21:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 突きぎり 36 つきぎり 175 突き錐 63
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>突き錐</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -11,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
1.	A* 2021-07-03 08:31:49 Igor <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	chujiten (e-j)
	Comments:	For some reason it’s missing in the j-e direction and in kokugo dictionaries

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jmdict 2849816 Active (id: 2106978)
流星体
【りゅうせいたい】

1.

[n] {astronomy}
▶ meteoroid

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2571710 流星物質 1. meteoroid

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 21:02:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 10:12:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, eij, jwiki 流星体 941 流星物質 2129

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jmdict 2849817 Active (id: 2106979)
自我障害
【じがしょうがい】

1.

[n] {psychology}
▶ ego derangement
▶ ego disturbance

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 21:03:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD
1.	A* 2021-07-05 11:45:57 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/自我障害-1548140 https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/自我障害 https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=自我障害

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jmdict 2849818 Active (id: 2106980)
仮骨
【かこつ】

1.

[n] {anatomy}
▶ callus

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 21:04:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2021-07-05 12:14:49 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/仮骨-461486 https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/仮骨 https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=仮骨

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jmdict 2849819 Active (id: 2106981)
ヘム鉄
【ヘムてつ】

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ heme iron

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 21:05:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&chem;</field>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 14:17:58 solo_han
	Refs:	https://www.sapoo.com/column/vol37.html
	Comments:	ヘム鉄は、牛肉やレバーなどの動物性の食べ物に多く含まれる鉄分

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jmdict 2849820 Active (id: 2106982)
フィチン酸塩
【フィチンさんえん】

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ phytic acid
▶ phytate

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 21:09:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&chem;</field> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>phytate</gloss>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 14:21:24 solo_han
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/フィチン酸

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jmdict 2849821 Active (id: 2124164)

シワシワネーム；しわしわネーム

1.

[n]
▶ old-fashioned name

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2517760 【シワシワ】 1. crumpled; wrinkled

History:

2.	A 2021-07-18 05:20:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	シワシワネーム gets more WWW hits (neither get n-grams counts). https://www.weblio.jp/content/しわしわネーム
	Comments:	I think this should do.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>シワシワネーム</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>names that were often used in the Showa period and old-fashioned</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2517760">シワシワ</xref> +<gloss>old-fashioned name</gloss>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 14:44:50 solo_han
	Refs:	https://petitwings.com/archives/14240
	Comments:	しわしわネームとは、昭和時代に用いられることの多かった名前や、古風な名前を指す

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jmdict 2849822 Active (id: 2106984)
塩飴
【しおあめ】

1.

[n]
▶ salty candy
▶ salty caramel

History:

3.	A 2021-07-05 21:10:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@ -<ent_corp type="jmnedict">jmnedict</ent_corp> -<ent_seq>5743202</ent_seq> +<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
2.	A* 2021-07-05 14:30:43 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's not a trademark/just the name of a specific candy, as I understand it. (I suggest moving it to jmdict)
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,3 @@ -<misc>&product;</misc> -<gloss>Shio-ame (abbr) (sweet and salty candy)</gloss> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>salty candy</gloss> +<gloss>salty caramel</gloss>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 13:50:08 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/暑中塩飴-714117 https://twitter.com/search?q=塩飴&f=live
	Comments:	塩飴 3552 暑中塩飴 No matches

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jmdict 2849823 Active (id: 2272581)

ノンクレジット；ノン・クレジット

1.	[adj-no] Source lang: eng(wasei) "non-credit" ▶ uncredited (actor's role, sound track, etc.)
2.	[adj-no] ▶ creditless (title sequence) ▶ clean (e.g. anime opening)

History:

4.	A 2023-07-06 21:47:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-07-06 19:20:26 Opencooper
	Refs:	* wikt: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ノンクレジット * https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/ノンクレジット * https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1035119435 * https://hinative.com/questions/23793763
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>creditless (title sequence)</gloss> +<gloss>clean (e.g. anime opening)</gloss>
2.	A 2021-07-06 01:30:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ノンクレジット 11520 ノン・クレジット 568 Reverso
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ノン・クレジット</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -10 +13 @@ -<gloss>uncredited (of an actor's role)</gloss> +<gloss>uncredited (actor's role, sound track, etc.)</gloss>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 23:39:04
	Refs:	Countless actor pages on Japanese Wikipedia.

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jmdict 2849824 Active (id: 2107005)

ブランチ

1.

[n]
▶ brunch

History:

2.	A 2021-07-06 00:39:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 23:51:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Split on source word (from 1114070).

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jmdict 2849825 Active (id: 2107027)
存立危機事態
【そんりつききじたい】

1.

[n]
▶ threat to national existence

History:

2.	A 2021-07-06 01:17:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijisen
	Comments:	We need a tag for slogans and buzz-phrases.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>situation in which an armed attack against another country closely related to Japan occurs, which threatens the existence of Japan and undermines the people's right to pursue life, freedom and happiness</gloss> +<gloss>threat to national existence</gloss>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 23:59:42 solo_han
	Refs:	https://www.mod.go.jp/j/publication/wp/wp2020/html/n25101000.html
	Comments:	わが国と密接な関係にある他国に対する武力攻撃が発生し、これによりわが国の存立が脅かされ、国民の生命、自由及び幸福追求の権利が根底から覆される明白な危険がある事態

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jmnedict 5592343 Active (id: 2106986)
白楽天
【はくらくてん】

1.

[person]
▶ Bai Juyi (772-846), Tang dynasty poet

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 21:38:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-06-30 12:20:38 dine
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/白居易-113647 https://kotobank.jp/jeword/白居易
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> -<gloss>Hakurakuten</gloss> +<misc>&person;</misc> +<gloss>Bai Juyi (772-846), Tang dynasty poet</gloss>

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jmnedict 5741997 Active (id: 2236754)

ルイヴィトン [spec1] ；ルイ・ヴィトン

1.	[company] ▶ Louis Vuitton
2.	[person] ▶ Louis Vuitton (1821-1892, French fashion designer)

History:

6.	A 2023-05-08 23:48:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding spec1 -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
5.	A 2021-07-05 21:09:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2021-07-05 20:25:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_(designer)
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@ +<misc>&company;</misc> +<gloss>Louis Vuitton</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -12 +16 @@ -<gloss>Louis Vuitton</gloss> +<gloss>Louis Vuitton (1821-1892, French fashion designer)</gloss>
3.	A 2019-06-13 00:14:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Moving.
	Diff:	@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@ -<ent_seq>2840231</ent_seq> -<ent_corp>jmdict</ent_corp> +<ent_corp>jmnedict</ent_corp> @@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ルイ・ヴィトン</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -8,2 +10 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>louisvuitton</gloss> +<misc>&person;</misc>
2.	A* 2019-06-12 23:03:24 kenji iwasaki <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<gloss>LouisVuitton</gloss> +<gloss>louisvuitton</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2019-06-12 22:45:51 kenji iwasaki <...address hidden...>

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jmnedict 5743201 Active (id: 2106985)
成壽
【なるひさ】

1.

[male]
▶ Naruhisa

History:

2.	A 2021-07-05 21:11:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-07-05 10:04:22 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/takahashinaruhisa

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If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

3.	A 2021-07-05 09:56:55 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2021-07-05 08:16:40 Nicolas Maia
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&finc;</field>
1.	A 2013-05-11 08:18:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ジャンク・ボンド</reb>

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