merged in from rejected 2841599

@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>懿徳</keb>
@@ -12,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>great virtue</gloss>

only nikkoku and my kanwa have this. i think that warrants [obsc] or [arch]

@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>

Yes, it's the 旧字体 form of 壱.

Should 壹be tagged as oK or not?

@@ -60 +60,2 @@
-<gloss>ace (playing card)</gloss>
+<field>&cards;</field>
+<gloss>ace</gloss>

aligning (see the 九 entry)

@@ -33,0 +34 @@
+<gloss>1</gloss>

I guess that works.

Maybe better to have example sentences to show it should usually be translated as "extremely"?

@@ -58,4 +58,3 @@
-<s_inf>usu. adj+限りです/だ</s_inf>
-<gloss>extremely</gloss>
-<gloss>absolutely</gloss>
-<gloss>very</gloss>
+<s_inf>usu. adj+限り</s_inf>
+<gloss>being very much (in a certain state)</gloss>
+<gloss>extreme amount (of a feeling, etc.)</gloss>

Unidic: 限り 名詞-普通名詞-副詞可能

Yes, behaving adverbially. Odd glosses for a noun.

@@ -57 +57 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>

Is it an adv in this usage? Syntactically it's a noun.

GG5 sense: 〔極み〕
ようやく彼の賛成を得ることができて喜ばしい限りだ. We are extremely pleased that we have finally obtained his approval.
その子供たちの姿は痛ましい限りだった. The children's appearance was absolutely heart-rending.
https://www.janguage.jp/material/grammar/grammar-advanced-9

This came up as an entry submission (2859126) and I see it's in GG5 as a sense which we don't really cover. Should be included. I'm putting it after the sense for which we have example sentences.

@@ -54,0 +55,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<s_inf>usu. adj+限りです/だ</s_inf>
+<gloss>extremely</gloss>
+<gloss>absolutely</gloss>
+<gloss>very</gloss>

There's only one sentence in the collection; for sense 3. I can't find any others I'd be confident adding.

Are there any sentences we can index for at least the first 3 senses?

daij, gg5, prog

Splitting into senses.

@@ -17,0 +18,5 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>bottomless (bucket, etc.)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -18,0 +24 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -20,3 +26,23 @@
-<gloss>bottomless</gloss>
-<gloss>unbounded</gloss>
-<gloss>abysmal</gloss>
+<gloss>unbounded (good nature, optimism, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>boundless</gloss>
+<gloss>extreme</gloss>
+<gloss>uninhibited</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>imprudent</gloss>
+<gloss>indiscreet</gloss>
+<gloss>undisciplined</gloss>
+<gloss>careless</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2831595">底抜け上戸</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>extremely heavy drinker</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<gloss>freefall (of a market)</gloss>

底抜け	106443
そこぬけ	4223
底ぬけ	4580

Encountered in some text. In JLD.

@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>底ぬけ</keb>

GG5, etc.

meikyo sense 2
 動物体から得られるものであること。
「━脂肪・━たんぱく質」

easier to gloss as adjectives (as in 植物性).  not sure if there need to be two senses.  we have only one for 植物性

@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -16,2 +17,6 @@
-<gloss>animal nature</gloss>
-<gloss>animality</gloss>
+<gloss>animal (in nature)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>animal (in origin)</gloss>

There's another sense to this that contrasts 植物性, as in what the food is made of. I can only think of the adjectival gloss 'animal-derived'. Is there a better noun gloss?

Daijr

It almost certainly entered Japanese from English.

@@ -9,2 +9 @@
-<lsource xml:lang="por"/>
-<lsource xml:lang="spa"/>
+<field>&food;</field>

研究社リーダーズ英和辞典

@@ -8,0 +9,2 @@
+<lsource xml:lang="por"/>
+<lsource xml:lang="spa"/>

I can't find any Japanese source for that. Best forget it.

ja.wiki mentions 木薯 as meaning tapioca, but I can only find this word in Chinese. Is it in any reference work?

Daijr, Gakken, etc.

No evidence that タピオカ came from Portuguese. It may well have come into English from there, but the Japanese word has been taken from the English.

@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<lsource xml:lang="por"/>

gg5

@@ -13,2 +13,3 @@
-<s_inf>in photography</s_inf>
-<gloss>direct light</gloss>
+<field>&photo;</field>
+<gloss>front light</gloss>
+<gloss>front lighting</gloss>

@@ -13 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>direct light, in photography</gloss>
+<s_inf>in photography</s_inf>
+<gloss>direct light</gloss>

Entry created

vegetative doesn't work here.

@@ -16,2 +16 @@
-<gloss>vegetative</gloss>
-<gloss>plant based</gloss>
+<gloss>plant-based</gloss>

植物性タンパク質 translates one-to-one to "plant based protain".  i.e. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321474

@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>plant based</gloss>

swap pos to match glosses

@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -12 +12,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>

Entry created

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&id;</misc>

gg5

@@ -12,2 +12,1 @@
-<gloss>condition of household economy</gloss>
-<gloss>condition of corporate finance</gloss>
+<gloss>financial situation</gloss>

http://kotobank.jp/word/台所事情

沖縄大和口	57
ウチナーヤマトグチ	754

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawan_Japanese

@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>沖縄大和口</keb>
+</k_ele>

wiki

"poss. from Manchukuo dialect"
I don't think any source was saying it was from a Manchukuo dialect (of either Jap/Chinese) but poss. from a Japanese-Manchurian pidgin 
(協和語)
There's some hits for 協和語 アル in Google Books, it seems to not be just a wikipedia thing.

@@ -11 +11 @@
-<s_inf>used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person, poss. from Manchukuo dialect</s_inf>
+<s_inf>used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person; poss. from Manchukuo pidgin</s_inf>

Not sure we'll ever pin it down - this might be a good place to leave it.
I'm reminded of stereotypical gaijin, who always start sentences with "ワタシハ...".

@@ -11 +11 @@
-<s_inf>used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person</s_inf>
+<s_inf>used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person, poss. from Manchukuo dialect</s_inf>

there should be an lsrc or a note because without one the style of entry we use immediately suggests that it is either from english or japanese.

however, it seems entirely possible that this is from japanese.  a quick google search suggests it appears to be just some stereotype of chinese people trying to speak japanese and ending all of their sentences in aru because they don't know how to speak japanese properly?

it's not clear to me that its stereotypical usage in manga, etc. is really related to the pidgin (info here: https://www.icge.co.uk/languagesciencesblog/?p=315).  if it is, then it should be mentioned in a note; if not and it's actually just indicating improper usage of japanese, then we don't need an lsrc.

that's my take

@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<lsource xml:lang="chi"/>

Why does there "need" to be a lsrc? We don't have evidence it's actually from Chinese.

yes, i don't really care one way or another

my version of gg5 has a searchable entry for it and it does have an entry in nikkoku

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&adv;</pos>

GG5: 不幸にして交通事故で親を失った子供 children who have had the misfortune of losing their parents in automobile accidents
不幸にも	87293
不幸にして	67499

This one seems a bit more obvious than 不幸にも. I wouldn't mind it going in, but I don't feel like arguing for it.

@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@
+<gloss>regrettably</gloss>
+<gloss>sad to say</gloss>

https://kotobank.jp/word/不幸にして-2079623
https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/"不幸にして"

不幸にも	87293
不幸にして	67499
GG5: 不幸にも, 不幸にして unfortunately; unluckily; by a perverse twist of fate; (悪い時に) at just the wrong time; at the worst possible time.
中辞典: 不幸にも unfortunately; unluckily
ルミナス: [副] (不幸にも) unfortunately
5 Tanaka sentences.

While the meaning is derivable from 不幸 itself, I think it probably should be recorded as the ~にも structure is not that usual for these, and it's quite common.

@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -12,0 +14,2 @@
+<gloss>unluckily</gloss>
+<gloss>regrettably</gloss>

https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=不幸にも
https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/"不幸にも"

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/桃太郎#異本
とりわけ桃太郎の出生に関しては、桃から生まれたとする型（「果生型」）が今や一般的だが、これは19世紀初頭にはじめてみられるもので、それまでの草双紙では桃を食べたお爺さんお婆さんが若返り出産する型（「回春型」）が主流だった。

I agonized for a few days over these. Yes, they're rare and obscure, but they are being used a little (see the Wiki extract) and the meanings are not at all derivable from the kanji. I think if we're prepared to include compounds with 0 n-gram counts purely because they're in Nikkoku or Daijisen, we should add these too.

@@ -13 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>Edo-period Momotaro story version, where he is conceived from a peach</gloss>
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>
+<gloss>Edo-period Momotarō story version, where he is conceived from a peach</gloss>

i am torn on these.  they are indeed highly specific but there's nothing "wrong with them".  i could go either way but my original inclination was also to reject the original submissions

I don't think these should be entries. They're extremely specific to a limited academic context and I doubt they're ever used 
without an actual explanation of what they mean. You wouldn't expect to see "Overcoming the Monster" from the 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Basic_Plots as a dictionary entry.

果生型	63
回春型	116

Trimming.

@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>Edo period genre of the Momotaro story where his elderly parents ate a peach and conceived, as opposed to finding him in a peach.</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2841541">果生型</xref>
+<gloss>Edo-period Momotaro story version, where he is conceived from a peach</gloss>

Kahara, Nahoko (2004). "From Folktale Hero to Local Symbol: The Transformation of Momotaro (the Peach Boy) in the Creation of a Local Culture". Waseda Journal of 
Asian Studies. 25: 35–. Page 39.

i think that works

Better?

@@ -19 +19 @@
-<lsource xml:lang="eng">French nail</lsource>
+<gloss>French nails</gloss>

daijs
フレンチ‐ネイル【French nails】

i think it's from english with the "s" dropped.  "french nails" reveals relevant english hits, including youtube videos, etc.

Daijr
フレンチマニキュア	1081
フレンチネイル	26108
フレンチネール	165

Poss. wasei.

GG5: provisions; articles; clauses.
憲法の条章にのっとっている[になんら抵触しない]. It 「conforms to [clashes in no way with] the provisions of the Constitution.

I think GG5's version is clearer for sense 1.

@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>itemized document (e.g. provisions of a law)</gloss>
-<gloss>itemised document</gloss>
+<gloss>provisions (e.g. in a constitution)</gloss>
+<gloss>articles</gloss>
+<gloss>clauses</gloss>

Daijirin, Daijisen

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Classics/hongfan.html
https://kotobank.jp/word/洪範-63051
洪範	1249
鴻範	22

The WWW counts are probably because of the Confucian classic.

Koujien, Daijirin, Daijisen, Nikkoku

紹述	285

Not sure we're capturing the nuance, but it's far from common.

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>following</gloss>
+<gloss>following (works, thoughts, etc. of another)</gloss>

Daijirin, Daijisen, Nikkoku

@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<misc>&id;</misc>
@@ -19 +20 @@
-<gloss>to settle a score with</gloss>
+<gloss>to settle a score</gloss>

GG5 example.

https://www.weblio.jp/content/借りを返す
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=借りを返す

Converting somebody to someone
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>to make it worth somebody's while</gloss>
+<gloss>to make it worth someone's while</gloss>

礼は弾む	39
礼ははずむ	114
礼を弾む	< 20
礼をはずむ	22
礼をはずみます	< 20- the one quoted.

Oops. I didn't notice it was *を*. In fact the Nikkei page Jason quoted was actually about 礼をはずむ.

@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>礼は弾む</keb>
+<keb>礼ははずむ</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>礼ははずむ</keb>
+<keb>礼は弾む</keb>

礼を弾む would need to be a separate entry.

@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>礼をはずむ</keb>
+<keb>礼ははずむ</keb>

礼は弾む	39
礼をはずむ	22
こっそり教えてくれたら、礼をはずみますよ
If you tip me off about it, I'll make it worth your while.

Pity it's not such a common expression.

@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>礼をはずむ</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -11 +14,2 @@
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&v5m;</pos>

https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXZZO98490300W6A310C1000003/

この限りではありません	284557
この限りでありません	2867

I agree, and at the same time I'll add この限りではありません

if we have one we should have both, i think

この限りでない	446170
この限りではない	73113

My mistake - I encountered it as 〜でない, 
not 〜ではない (though in jitsuyo it was 〜
ではない). 〜でない is ~6 times as common in 
the ngrams. I suggest changing this to 〜
でない

@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>この限りではない</keb>
+<keb>この限りでない</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>このかぎりではない</reb>
+<reb>このかぎりでない</reb>

It seems OK now.

the xref is coded as [see=2048865#・限り・かぎり[6]], which should work but it has disappeared.

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/タケアズキ

0 n-grams.

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>

Daijirin, Daijisen, Kojien, Nikkoku

欣栄	2826  <- probably because it's a given name too (よしひで).

Thank you, good find, we really should 
have all the words appearing in the Meiji 
constitution covered.

I think the proposed 2nd sense might be 
arch, it's only in nikk: ① 草木などがすくす
く伸びること。さかえること。 It also seems 
less abstract than the submitted gloss 
would have indicated and more concretely 
about the growth of plants. I think we can 
leave it out.

@@ -13,7 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>delight and honor</gloss>
-<gloss>delight and honour</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>prosperity</gloss>
-<gloss>flourishing</gloss>
+<gloss>joyous glory</gloss>
+<gloss>pleasure</gloss>

Daijirin, 精選版日国
The Meiji Constitution: 朕国家ノ隆昌ト臣民ノ慶福トヲ以テ中心ノ欣栄トシ (Whereas We make it the joy and glory of Our heart to behold the 
prosperity of Our country, and the welfare of Our subjects ...)

成跡	81

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>

Daijirin, Nikkoku

I can see what happened. Often when I paste from the database page additional spaces get included, and the browser's "find" function doesn't match the string. I'll be more careful.

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>

nipp: 歯牙変工
...
歯牙変工の方法にはいくつかある。
...
〔2〕削歯　これも広くみられる方法で、歯牙をやすりで削ったり鋭利な刃物で打ち欠いて変形させる。これには次の種類がある。
...
(b)水平研摩　歯の鋭さを取り去るもので、歯冠咬口(こうこう)面を水平にすり減らす。ときには歯冠部をほとんどなくしてしまうことがあり、これをと
くに断歯という。

The sources Nicolas posted did contain 断歯 usage:
"これは、第一話にあるような故意に加工した（削歯（さくし）、断歯（だんし）など）ものではなく、おそらくは楊枝（ようじ）と歯磨粉を使用して、歯
を磨き口腔を清掃したことによるものと推定されている。"

"豚肉の消費量、過密飼育の問題、子豚の断尾、断歯などなど"

Seems to be used esp. in ref. to pigs (saw another twitter hit). In English this seems to be referred to as "teeth clipping" 
or "teeth grinding"
http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/livestock/pig-farming-1/teeth-clipping-in-young-pigs
https://thepigsite.com/articles/teeth-clipping-and-grinding
But based on Brit, 断歯 is esp. "horizontal grinding" (水平研摩). But even when googling "Teeth grinding piglet" most hits are 
about involuntary grinding of teeth (bruxism).

@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>tooth removal</gloss>
-<gloss>teeth cutting</gloss>
+<gloss>teeth clipping</gloss>
+<gloss>grinding down teeth</gloss>

Neither of those reference pages contains "断歯". 0 n-grams. I don't think this submission is of an acceptable standard.

http://www.sakamoto.or.jp/takafumi-dictionary001-125.htm
http://www.alive-net.net/animalfactory/panel/leaflet.htm

Not in the usual references. Originally saw this in a manga.

修学旅行生	96127
修学旅行	1420631

Common, not entirely obvious construction (旅行+生 instead of the typical 学校+生 (or variation thereof))

GG5
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ja/dictionary/japanese-english/謹慎

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
謹慎処分	34573

Daijr, Koj, GG5, etc.

daijr, daijs, koj, nikk
https://kotobank.jp/word/遺烈-436620

Closing.

Just a comment, that I will clear in a day or so....
Those "削り、歯" patterns are certainly very evident in straight WWW searches for "削り歯", however unlike Google's indexing of WWW pages, the n-grams do not bridge punctuation like that. The generation process involved breaking up text using punctuation, white-space, etc. as delimiters, then extracting n-grams from the resulting segments. See the README file at https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T08/ for details. I followed the same procedure for the KM n-grams.
Of course the 削り歯 that were counted may have been cases where the punctuation was missing.

i'm not sure i trust the ngrams.  an actual google search for "削り歯 brings up lots of "削り、歯" false results

i just looked at the 断歯 entry and one of the refs there does contain the さくし reading, however:
http://www.sakamoto.or.jp/takafumi-dictionary001-125.htm

google ngrams
削り歯 = 174
削歯 = 134

none of the refs provide a reading...  no chance this is [io] for 削り歯 and is actually pronounced けずりば?  that would be consistent with 削り節, etc.

koj, daijr, nikk
https://kotobank.jp/word/慈養-291822

As shown by the Meiji Constitution, can also take "Our Ancestors" as the subject and "Our beloved subjects" as the object.

康福	555

Let's have both.

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>health and happiness</gloss>

daijr: すこやかで幸せなこと。 // health and happiness?
nikk: 安康と幸福。やすらかでしあわせなこと。また、そのさま。
http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1711609 『世界の平和と人類の康福』
https://konosuke-matsushita.com/kenkyu/report/pdf/k_kenkyu/1004_06.pdf 「国家の平和、国民の康福を図る所」

yes, i suspect they are basically the same but historically 懿=い and 偉=ゐ.  none of my sources has an entry for both.  we might as well merge

Daijirin: 麗しい立派な徳
偉徳	362
懿徳	1746

I wonder about merging with 偉徳. Same reading and meaning.

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>virtue</gloss>
+<gloss>great virtue</gloss>

daijr, daijs, koj, nikk
https://kotobank.jp/word/懿徳-434894

gakken

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>

i think practice is probably the worst gloss and should be last

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>implementation</gloss>
@@ -15 +15,0 @@
-<gloss>implementation</gloss>

daijr, daijs, koj, nikk
https://kotobank.jp/word/履践-657778

daijr, daijs, koj, nikk
https://kotobank.jp/word/継統-489103

only found in Nikkoku: https://kotobank.jp/word/文武官-2080971
but seems to have many google hits

koj, daijr, nikk
https://kotobank.jp/word/兵額-378039

koj, daijr, daijs, nikk
https://kotobank.jp/word/準行・准行-291290
https://kotobank.jp/word/準行-529840

Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>

daijr, daijs, koj, nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/採納-508271

avoid "or" in glosses

@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>secret meeting or conference</gloss>
+<gloss>secret meeting</gloss>
+<gloss>secret conference</gloss>

daijr, daijs, nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/秘密会-120828

Kagaku, MechEng, etc. glossaries
溝削り	599

See comments on 2841586.

See comments on 2841586.

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/瑞芳区
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruifang_District