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jmdict 1062300 Active (id: 2147156)

ショート [gai1]
1. [adj-na,n]
▶ short
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1148120 ロング 1. long
2. [n] [abbr] {baseball}
▶ shortstop
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1062420 ショートストップ 1. shortstop
3. [n,vs] {electricity, elec. eng.}
▶ short (circuit)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1418840 短絡【たんらく】 1. short circuit; short
4. [n] [abbr]
▶ short hair
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1062470 ショートヘア 1. short hair
5. [n] {finance}
▶ short selling
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1675700 空売り 1. short selling

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2021-09-19 10:58:05  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
daijr
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1062420">ショートストップ</xref>
@@ -16,0 +18 @@
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
@@ -21,0 +24 @@
+<field>&elec;</field>
@@ -32 +35 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1675700">空売り・からうり</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1675700">空売り</xref>
5. A 2018-08-03 17:57:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
  Diff:
@@ -25,0 +26,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1062470">ショートヘア</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
4. A* 2018-08-02 00:23:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, KOD追加語彙, etc.
  Comments:
Extra senses.
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24,10 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>short hair</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1675700">空売り・からうり</xref>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<gloss>short selling</gloss>
+</sense>
3. A 2014-12-20 23:54:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2014-12-20 19:03:13  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, gg5
  Comments:
adding adj-na to ショート to match entry for ロング.  not in any dic but "ショートな" gets hits
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -10,2 +11,7 @@
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
-<gloss>short (e.g. a circuit)</gloss>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1148120">ロング</xref>
+<gloss>short</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&baseb;</field>
+<gloss>shortstop</gloss>
@@ -16,2 +22 @@
-<field>&baseb;</field>
-<gloss>short stop</gloss>
+<gloss>short (circuit)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1230360 Active (id: 1985526)
給料 [ichi1,news1,nf06]
きゅうりょう [ichi1,news1,nf06]
1. [n]
▶ salary
▶ wages
▶ pay



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 06:40:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-08-03 05:53:04 
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<gloss>pay</gloss>

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jmdict 1235870 Active (id: 2280944)
[news1,nf18]
きょう [news1,nf18]
1. [suf] [hon]
《after a name》
▶ Lord
▶ Sir
2. [n] [hist]
▶ state minister (under the ritsuryō system)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1738990 律令制 1. ritsuryō system; ancient East Asian system of centralized governance; in Japan: esp. 7th-10th century



History:
11. A 2023-10-22 00:44:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
10. A* 2023-10-22 00:26:42  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
According to the kokugos, only きょう has the "state minister" sense. I think けい should be split out.
  Diff:
@@ -14,3 +13,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>けい</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -18 +14,0 @@
-<stagr>きょう</stagr>
@@ -20,0 +17 @@
+<s_inf>after a name</s_inf>
@@ -29,7 +25,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>けい</stagr>
-<pos>&pn;</pos>
-<misc>&hon;</misc>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>you (in reference to someone of lower status, esp. by a lord to a subject)</gloss>
9. A 2023-10-20 23:50:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"Not claiming that anime dictates "correct" usage ...". I should hope not.
Yes, I'd stick with [arch] for sense 3. I think "life-in-another-knights-and-dragons-fantasy world" counts as "during or before the Edo period".
8. A* 2023-10-20 16:49:15  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Well, after hopping over to なんじ/thee/thou, I guess this is [arch], and sankoku probably says 文 because literature and fiction is the only place it appears.

It still seems that most [arch] terms here are [rare]/unlikely-to-be-recognized, so it would be nice if there were some distinction.  But I guess if you read the kind of books where this appears, you'll figure it out.  I still think a split might be appropriate.
  Diff:
@@ -34,2 +34 @@
-<misc>&form;</misc>
-<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
7. A* 2023-10-20 16:40:55  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
This has its own entry in sankoku, so perhaps not quite [arch]:
[文]君父が臣下を呼ぶことば。なんじ。おんみ。「ーら=諸君」は…].

some けい examples(I have no idea of the age or context):
https://furigana.info/w/卿:けい

a few lines from the anime where I encountered this, if curious:
卿(けい)に見せるのは初めてだったな

卿とナツキ・スバルの関係は ― 卿は聞き及んでいるのか? どうして卿(けい)は そこまで...ナツキ・スバルに尽くせる? (speaker, listener, both female)

卿は私にとって敵ということになる

...
  Comments:
Previous comment discussed breaking off [3] as its own entry. Given that this is evidently in modern use, I would be in favor.

[3]/けい came up in a "life-in-another-knights-and-dragons-fantasy world" anime/manga. It was used repeatedly as a 2nd person pronoun (the "lower status" relationship was definitely present, speaker was a high-class candidate for ruler of an entire midlevel-ish fantasy realm), with the reading けい.  (used ~40 times over two seasons, based on searching the Japanese subtitles). (a few of this were [1], as a suffix to a name, but I heard "kei" repeatedly in a fairly extended dialog and had no idea what it meant). 

Not claiming that anime dictates "correct" usage, but for reference the speaker was female.  Pronoun was used for both female and male recipients.  Both might be considered "subjects" in a broad sense(speaker was making a claim to leadership), but they were actually lower-level members of a competing faction.  sankoku says nothing at all about gender(obviously in a real historical context, the players would generally be male, but this seems unnecessary to specify, and possibly just incorrect). 

The editorial policy does not seem to have guidance on [arch] for this kind of thing(i.e. simple vocabulary). [arch] on kanji and verb forms seems to point towards modern unrecognizability.  I usually read [arch] as "ignore this information for practical purposes".  Apparently not quite the case here.  It looks like this term is *maybe* [arch] in the way that "thou" is [arch] in English.  i.e. still-in-well-understood use for historical flavoring. (Maybe there are other modern uses of 卿/けい, I wouldn't know). (The subtitles gave okurigana for the first use of 卿 in each episode it was used, I don't know how globally understood this would be, or if a reader would just pick it up from context and knowing the "sense" of 卿.)

Incidentally, we have なんじ(汝) as [arch], おんみ(御身) is not.  These are both in sankoku as 文 as well . 汝's definition is simply "おまえ". おんみ gets two senses, one of which matches ours, the other is 古風(...circumstances of use...)あなた。なんじ.

searching subtitles of the same series, 汝 appears once in the regular series, but 20 times in a single two-hour side-movie (different context demanded it, I guess). 御身 appears 3 times(no furigana).
  Diff:
@@ -33,2 +32,0 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<misc>&male;</misc>
@@ -36 +34,3 @@
-<gloss>you (in reference to someone of lower status)</gloss>
+<misc>&form;</misc>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>you (in reference to someone of lower status, esp. by a lord to a subject)</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1257770 Active (id: 1985547)
拳闘
けんとう
1. [n]
▶ boxing
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1123800 ボクシング 1. boxing



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 22:54:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-08-03 17:21:16  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think we need "prizefighting".
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>prizefighting</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1123800">ボクシング</xref>

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jmdict 1344020 Active (id: 1985546)
書庫 [news2,nf31]
しょこ [news2,nf31]
1. [n]
▶ library
▶ book storage
▶ stack room
2. [n] {computing}
▶ archive (file)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1013380 アーカイブ 1. archive



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 22:54:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-08-03 17:32:13  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Comments:
Splitting into senses.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<gloss>archive (file)</gloss>
@@ -18,0 +18,7 @@
+<gloss>stack room</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1013380">アーカイブ</xref>
+<field>&comp;</field>
+<gloss>archive (file)</gloss>

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jmdict 1632350 Active (id: 2222816)

なければならない [spec1] なければなりません [spec1] なければいけない [spec1] なければいけません [sk] ねばならぬ [sk] ねばならない [sk] ねばなりません [sk] なければならぬ [sk] なけばならない [sk]
1. [exp]
▶ have to do
▶ must
▶ should
▶ ought to
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2037145 無きゃ【なきゃ】 3. have to ...; must ...
  ⇐ see: 2037140 無ければ【なければ】 3. have to ...; must ...
  ⇐ see: 2785220 せねばならない 1. ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
  ⇐ see: 2576160 ざるべからず 1. must (do, be)
  ⇐ see: 2142120 でなければならない 1. having to be; must be; should be; ought to be
  ⇐ see: 2210120 ねばなるまい 1. ought to (verb); should (verb)
  ⇐ see: 2098150 無くてはならない【なくてはならない】 2. have to do



History:
8. A 2023-02-25 20:37:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2023-02-25 15:25:28  dom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts

なければならない	15755700	64.2%
なければなりません	2903247	11.8%
なければいけない	2578274	10.5%
なければいけません	583781	2.4%
ねばならぬ	320639	1.3%
ねばならない	1511774	6.2%
ねばなりません	365218	1.5%
なければならぬ	517718	2.1%
なけばならない	5639	0.0%
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -20,0 +22 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -23,0 +26 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -26,0 +30 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -29,0 +34 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -32,0 +38 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
6. A 2019-04-14 16:10:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
They're very useful for text glossing.
5. A* 2019-04-14 12:15:22  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Do we really need the ~ません forms?
Aren't they implied by the ~ない forms?
4. A 2018-08-03 05:25:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
なければならない	15755700
無ければならない	11716
  Comments:
I came across 無ければならない so I thought it possibly should be added. When I opened this entry I saw it would create an awful mess, so I thought I'd just add this note and creep away.
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2098150 Active (id: 1985524)
無くてはならない [spec1]
なくてはならない [spec1]
1. [exp,adj-i] [uk]
▶ cannot do without something
▶ indispensable
▶ absolutely necessary
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1529520 無い 1. nonexistent; not being (there)
  ⇐ see: 2255980 無きゃならない【なきゃならない】 1. cannot do without something; indispensable; absolutely necessary
2. [exp,adj-i] [uk]
《after negative base of verb》
▶ have to do
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1632350 なければならない 1. have to do; must; should; ought to
  ⇐ see: 2576160 ざるべからず 1. must (do, be)
  ⇐ see: 2255980 無きゃならない【なきゃならない】 2. have to do

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2018-08-03 05:27:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Duplicated xref.
  Diff:
@@ -24,2 +24 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref>
7. A 2017-02-07 04:15:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -24,2 +24,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref>
-<xref type="see">なければならない</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref>
6. A* 2017-02-06 12:37:38  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
G n-grams:
無くてはならない	  93433
なくてはならない	2305618
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
@@ -8,0 +10 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
@@ -23 +25 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref>
+<xref type="see">なければならない</xref>
5. A 2015-09-21 23:21:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2015-09-20 08:31:55  luce
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
@@ -19,0 +21 @@
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +23 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2410490 Active (id: 1985535)
目す
もくす
1. [v5s,vt]
▶ to regard (as)
▶ to recognize (as)
▶ to see as
▶ to consider
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2017960 目する 1. to regard (as); to recognize (as); to see as; to consider
2. [v5s,vt]
▶ to pay attention to
▶ to watch

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2018-08-03 15:06:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning.
  Diff:
@@ -13,4 +13,5 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2017960">目する</xref>
-<gloss>to recognize</gloss>
-<gloss>to recognise</gloss>
-<gloss>to distinguish</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2017960">目する・1</xref>
+<gloss>to regard (as)</gloss>
+<gloss>to recognize (as)</gloss>
+<gloss>to see as</gloss>
+<gloss>to consider</gloss>
@@ -21,0 +23 @@
+<gloss>to watch</gloss>
1. A 2008-09-23 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2451470 Active (id: 1985541)

オーバーコール
1. [n] {sports} Source lang: eng(wasei) "over call"
▶ overruling (a call)



History:
3. A 2018-08-03 17:37:13  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<field>&sports;</field>
@@ -10 +11 @@
-<gloss>over-rule (in sports)</gloss>
+<gloss>overruling (a call)</gloss>
2. A* 2018-08-03 14:10:31  Nikolai Vavilov <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Used in volleyball too.
  Diff:
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<gloss>over-rule (in tennis)</gloss>
+<gloss>over-rule (in sports)</gloss>
1. A 2009-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2697670 Active (id: 1985548)
拳闘術
けんとうじゅつ
1. [n]
▶ (art of) boxing



History:
4. A 2018-08-03 22:55:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2018-08-03 17:22:30  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>boxing</gloss>
+<gloss>(art of) boxing</gloss>
2. A 2012-03-26 23:36:15  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-03-22 11:36:14  Marcus
  Refs:
斎藤和英大辞典
14,600 results

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jmdict 2836416 Active (id: 1985531)

プライバシーポリシープライバシー・ポリシー
1. [n]
▶ privacy policy
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2844338 プライバシーステートメント 1. privacy statement; privacy policy



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 12:25:04  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-08-03 07:53:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, 英和コンピューター用語辞典, WaDoku. N-grams: 21331149
  Comments:
Common, a bit obvious, but in the refs.

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jmdict 2836417 Active (id: 1985560)
求人情報
きゅうじんじょうほう
1. [n]
▶ job vacancy information
▶ recruitment information
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2852255 採用情報【さいようじょうほう】 1. recruitment information; job vacancy information



History:
2. A 2018-08-04 15:14:33  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-08-03 07:55:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, WaDoku
  Comments:
V common.

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jmdict 2836418 Active (id: 1985532)
外つ国
とつくに
1. [n]
▶ foreign country
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1203620 外国 1. foreign country
2. [n]
▶ province outside Kinai
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1780340 畿内 1. Kinai (the five provinces in the immediate vicinity of Kyoto)



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 13:06:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, koj
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1780340">畿内</xref>
+<gloss>province outside Kinai</gloss>
+</sense>
1. A* 2018-08-03 07:59:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Koj, Daijr, GG5

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jmdict 2836419 Active (id: 1985539)
書庫ファイル
しょこファイル
1. [n] {computing}
▶ archive file



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 17:28:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Comments:
Provide references please.
1. A* 2018-08-03 11:25:23 

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jmdict 2836420 Active (id: 1985549)
圧縮ファイル
あっしゅくファイル
1. [n] {computing}
▶ compressed file



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 22:56:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-08-03 17:26:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, eij
G n-grams: 99499

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jmdict 2836421 Active (id: 1985545)

オーバールール
1. [n] {sports}
▶ overruling (a line judge's call; in tennis)



History:
2. A 2018-08-03 22:53:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-08-03 17:47:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
  Comments:
Not very common.

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