JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1143630 Active (id: 2272582)

ルーチン [gai1] ；ルーティン [gai1] ；ルーティーン

1.	[n] ▶ routine ▶ routine duties ▶ routine work
2.	[n] {computing} ▶ routine

History:

7.	A 2023-07-06 21:48:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2023-07-05 19:55:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij, meikyo
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,7 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>routine</gloss> +<gloss>routine duties</gloss> +<gloss>routine work</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&comp;</field>
5.	A 2018-12-25 00:27:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It seems not. I don't remember why I merged it; but possibly because the old ルチン entry had "routine" as a second sense. I'll break them up.
	Diff:	@@ -13,3 +12,0 @@ -<reb>ルチン</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -23,5 +19,0 @@ -<sense> -<stagr>ルチン</stagr> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>rutin</gloss> -</sense>
4.	A* 2018-12-24 17:28:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Does ルチン ever mean "routine"?
3.	A 2016-03-18 23:11:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2016-03-18 22:32:27 Scott
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	ルーチン 25873 ルーティン 3195 ルチン 1768 ルーティーン 788
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ルーティーン</reb> +</r_ele>
1.	A 2013-03-23 23:19:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merge
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ルチン</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -17,0 +20,5 @@ +<sense> +<stagr>ルチン</stagr> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>rutin</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1193680 Active (id: 1994264)
火の手 [news2,nf31]
【ひのて [news2,nf31] 】

1.	[exp,n] ▶ flame ▶ blaze ▶ fire
2.	[exp,n] [id] ▶ attack ▶ aggression

History:

2.	A 2018-12-25 00:05:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-23 20:33:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -16 +17 @@ -<gloss>flames</gloss> +<gloss>flame</gloss> @@ -19,0 +21,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&id;</misc> +<gloss>attack</gloss> +<gloss>aggression</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1236040 Active (id: 1994284)
峡谷 [spec2,news2,nf34]
【きょうこく [spec2,news2,nf34] 】

1.

[n]
▶ gorge
▶ ravine
▶ canyon
▶ glen

History:

2.	A 2018-12-25 10:14:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-23 12:27:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, ウィズダム和英辞典
	Comments:	The JEs lead with "gorge".
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,3 @@ +<gloss>gorge</gloss> +<gloss>ravine</gloss> +<gloss>canyon</gloss> @@ -19,3 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>ravine</gloss> -<gloss>gorge</gloss> -<gloss>canyon</gloss>

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jmdict 1257920 Active (id: 2160614)
検札
【けんさつ】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ ticket inspection

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-18 00:46:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2018-12-25 00:03:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Moi aussi.
1.	A* 2018-12-24 17:17:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	I prefer this.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>ticket check</gloss> +<gloss>ticket inspection</gloss>

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jmdict 1406940 Active (id: 1994279)
他意 [news2,nf37]
【たい [news2,nf37] 】

1.

[n]
▶ other intention
▶ hidden purpose
▶ ulterior motive
▶ ill will
▶ malice

History:

2.	A 2018-12-25 10:02:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-24 22:54:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,3 @@ +<gloss>other intention</gloss> +<gloss>hidden purpose</gloss> +<gloss>ulterior motive</gloss> @@ -18,5 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>another intention</gloss> -<gloss>secret purpose</gloss> -<gloss>ulterior motive</gloss> -<gloss>fickleness</gloss> -<gloss>double-mindedness</gloss>

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jmdict 1434040 Active (id: 2287035)
釣り [ichi1,news1,nf09] ；釣
【つり [ichi1,news1,nf09] 】

1.

[n]
▶ fishing
▶ angling

2.

[n] [uk,abbr]
▶ change (for a purchase)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1598160 釣り銭 1. change (for a purchase)
	⇐ see: 1270550 お釣り【おつり】 1. change (for a purchase)

3.

[n] {Internet}
▶ clickbaiting

4.

[n] [net-sl]
▶ trolling
▶ bait
▶ making deliberately inflammatory posts online

History:

12.	A 2024-01-01 20:06:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2024-01-01 19:11:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bait#Noun (Internet slang) A post intended to get a rise out of others.
	Comments:	I'm very familiar with senses 3 and 4 but only as nouns, not verbs. If they're ever used with する, I think it's more likely to be 〜をする.
	Diff:	@@ -33 +33 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> +<field>&internet;</field> @@ -38 +37,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -41 +40,2 @@ -<gloss>writing deliberately inflammatory posts online</gloss> +<gloss>bait</gloss> +<gloss>making deliberately inflammatory posts online</gloss>
10.	A 2021-12-30 23:41:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -39 +39 @@ -<misc>&sl;</misc> +<misc>&net-sl;</misc>
9.	A 2021-01-25 11:03:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2021-01-25 03:20:11 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See 釣りタイトル and 釣り見出し
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +30,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>clickbaiting</gloss>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A 2018-12-25 00:28:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2018-12-24 23:40:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: "ネット利用者が使う俗語で，多くの閲覧者が反応しそうな話題をわざと提供して，過剰反応を誘う行為のこと。噓（うそ）の情報や，批判が殺到しそうな意見などを故意に提供する。"
	Comments:	Not necessarily false posts.
	Diff:	@@ -29 +29 @@ -<gloss>change (e.g. for a purchase)</gloss> +<gloss>change (for a purchase)</gloss> @@ -36 +36 @@ -<gloss>writing false posts online</gloss> +<gloss>writing deliberately inflammatory posts online</gloss>
5.	A 2012-06-15 22:51:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2012-06-13 03:33:26 Marcus
	Refs:	http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/��
	Diff:	@@ -31,0 +31,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<gloss>trolling</gloss> +<gloss>writing false posts online</gloss> +</sense>
3.	A 2010-09-22 03:16:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2010-09-20 06:37:14 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs have 釣
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
1.	A* 2010-09-20 06:35:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +29,1 @@ +<misc>&abbr;</misc>

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jmdict 1446210 Active (id: 1994278)
凍てる；冱てる
【いてる】

1.

[v1,vi]
▶ to freeze
▶ to freeze over

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2837668 凍つ【いつ】 1. to freeze

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2018-12-25 10:01:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-24 21:21:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj
	Comments:	Added kanji form. I don't think we need "congeal".
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>冱てる</keb> @@ -14,2 +17 @@ -<gloss>to be frozen over</gloss> -<gloss>to congeal</gloss> +<gloss>to freeze over</gloss>

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jmdict 1541890 Active (id: 1994275)
誘い水 [spec2,news2,nf40]
【さそいみず [spec2,news2,nf40] 】

1.	[n] ▶ pump priming
2.	[n] ▶ cause ▶ impetus ▶ spark ▶ trigger ▶ stimulus ▶ incentive

History:

4.	A 2018-12-25 09:59:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-12-25 00:43:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5
	Comments:	I think this is more accurate for sense 2.
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,4 @@ -<gloss>motive</gloss> +<gloss>impetus</gloss> +<gloss>spark</gloss> +<gloss>trigger</gloss> +<gloss>stimulus</gloss>
2.	A 2017-02-04 00:50:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<gloss>incentive</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-02-03 07:32:44 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.weblio.jp/content/誘い水
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>cause</gloss> +<gloss>motive</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1590770 Active (id: 1994290)
代わり [ichi1,news1,nf03] ；替わり [news1,nf18] ；代り；替り
【かわり [ichi1,news1,nf03] 】

1.

[n,adj-no]
▶ substitute
▶ replacement
▶ substituting
▶ replacing

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1590790 代わりに【かわりに】 1. instead of; in place of; as a substitute for

2.

[n,adj-no]
▶ stand-in
▶ proxy
▶ alternate
▶ deputy
▶ relief
▶ successor

3.

[n]
《usu. as 〜代わりに, etc.》
▶ compensation
▶ exchange
▶ return

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1590790 代わりに 2. in exchange for; in return for; to make up for

4.

[n]
《usu. as お代わり》
▶ another helping
▶ second helping
▶ seconds
▶ refill

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1612800 お代わり【おかわり】 1. another helping; second helping; seconds; refill

5.

[n] [abbr]
《esp. 替わり, 替り》
▶ upcoming program
▶ upcoming programme

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1779430 替わり狂言 1. upcoming program; upcoming programme

History:

6.	A 2018-12-25 14:22:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -47 +47 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1590790">代わりに・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1590790">代わりに・2</xref>
5.	A 2018-12-21 11:54:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -47 +46,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -56 +54,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -58,0 +57 @@ +<gloss>another helping</gloss> @@ -60 +58,0 @@ -<gloss>another cup</gloss> @@ -61,0 +60 @@ +<gloss>refill</gloss> @@ -65 +63,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
4.	A 2011-01-10 22:27:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -49,1 +49,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1590790">代りに</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1590790">代わりに</xref>
3.	A* 2011-01-10 08:23:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daijr, daijs -- 1) splitting out がわり (see daijs, gg5) 2) merging in 替 with usage tags (gg5 and prog split, but for kokugos, only koj keeps them separate. all others merge without restrictions.)
	Comments:	the desired gloss is already in 代わりに
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,5 @@ +<keb>替わり</keb> +<ke_pri>news1</ke_pri> +<ke_pri>nf18</ke_pri> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -12,0 +17,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>替り</keb> @@ -19,3 +27,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>がわり</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -24,1 +29,1 @@ -<s_inf>read かわり</s_inf> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -26,1 +31,8 @@ -<gloss>deputy</gloss> +<gloss>replacement</gloss> +<gloss>substituting</gloss> +<gloss>replacing</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>stand-in</gloss> @@ -29,0 +41,1 @@ +<gloss>deputy</gloss> @@ -30,2 +43,1 @@ -<gloss>compensation</gloss> -<gloss>second helping</gloss> +<gloss>successor</gloss> @@ -34,4 +46,25 @@ -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> -<s_inf>read がわり</s_inf> -<gloss>in place of</gloss> -<gloss>as a substitute for</gloss> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1590790">代わりに</xref> +<s_inf>usu. as 〜代わりに, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>compensation</gloss> +<gloss>exchange</gloss> +<gloss>return</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1612800">お代わり・おかわり・1</xref> +<s_inf>usu. as お代わり</s_inf> +<gloss>second helping</gloss> +<gloss>another cup</gloss> +<gloss>seconds</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1779430">替わり狂言</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<s_inf>esp. 替わり, 替り</s_inf> +<gloss>upcoming program</gloss> +<gloss>upcoming programme</gloss>
2.	A* 2011-01-09 21:50:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Since sense 1 is a noun, it's hard to get "instead" in as a meaning.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2011-01-08 19:46:06 phil <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i was surprised that "instead" isn't included as a meaning, particularly since it appears with that meaning in the first example sentence.

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jmdict 1592900 Active (id: 2275146)
子犬 [spec1] ；仔犬；小犬；子いぬ [sK] ；子イヌ [sK]
【こいぬ [spec1] 】

1.

[n]
▶ puppy

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2202270 犬子【えのこ】 1. puppy

2.

[n]
▶ small dog

History:

6.	A 2023-08-21 22:44:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-08-21 18:55:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	子犬 2,167,952 80.2% 仔犬 448,989 16.6% 小犬 61,316 2.3% 子いぬ 8,721 0.3% 仔いぬ 261 0.0% 子イヌ 15,161 0.6% 仔イヌ 402 0.0%
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>子いぬ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>子イヌ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2018-12-25 10:18:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr
	Comments:	As suggested by Robin in 2573310.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>small dog</gloss> +</sense>
3.	A 2018-03-24 09:59:25 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams 子犬 2167952 仔犬 448989 小犬 61316
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2015-07-28 11:42:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2015-07-28 10:50:55 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KM ngrams: 子犬 28475 仔犬 7746 小犬 3025 こいぬ 1184
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>小犬</keb> +<keb>仔犬</keb> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<keb>仔犬</keb> +<keb>小犬</keb>

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jmdict 1593380 Active (id: 2275149)
子猫 [spec1,news2,nf36] ；仔猫；小猫 [rK] ；子ネコ [sK] ；子ねこ [sK] ；仔ネコ [sK]
【こねこ [spec1,news2,nf36] ；コネコ [sk] 】

1.	[n] ▶ kitten
2.	[n] ▶ small cat

History:

8.	A 2023-08-21 22:56:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2023-08-21 18:53:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	子猫 1,578,502 73.0% 仔猫 476,557 22.1% 子ネコ 47,545 2.2% 小猫 23,427 1.1% 子ねこ 30,865 1.4% 仔ネコ 4,206 0.2%
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14,2 @@ -<keb>子ネコ</keb> +<keb>小猫</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -17 +18,2 @@ -<keb>小猫</keb> +<keb>子ネコ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -20,0 +23 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -23,0 +27 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -27,4 +30,0 @@ -<re_restr>子猫</re_restr> -<re_restr>仔猫</re_restr> -<re_restr>小猫</re_restr> -<re_restr>子ねこ</re_restr> @@ -36,5 +35,0 @@ -<reb>こネコ</reb> -<re_restr>子ネコ</re_restr> -<re_restr>仔ネコ</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -42 +37 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
6.	A 2018-12-25 10:16:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr
	Comments:	As suggested by Robin in 2573310.
	Diff:	@@ -47,0 +48,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>small cat</gloss> +</sense>
5.	A 2016-12-08 21:54:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2016-12-08 12:06:12 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	コネコ 13159
	Diff:	@@ -39,0 +40,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>コネコ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2016-12-08 12:04:26 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 子猫 1578502 仔猫 476557 子ネコ 47545 小猫 23427 子ねこ 30865 仔ネコ 4206
	Comments:	a few more forms adding [spec1]
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -12,0 +14,3 @@ +<keb>子ネコ</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -13,0 +18,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>子ねこ</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>仔ネコ</keb> @@ -16,0 +27,4 @@ +<re_restr>子猫</re_restr> +<re_restr>仔猫</re_restr> +<re_restr>小猫</re_restr> +<re_restr>子ねこ</re_restr> @@ -18,0 +33,6 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>こネコ</reb> +<re_restr>子ネコ</re_restr> +<re_restr>仔ネコ</re_restr>
2.	A 2015-07-28 11:43:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2015-07-28 10:46:02 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KM ngrams: 子猫 25696 こねこ 10430 仔猫 9099 小猫 1604
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<keb>小猫</keb> +<keb>仔猫</keb> @@ -13 +13 @@ -<keb>仔猫</keb> +<keb>小猫</keb>

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jmdict 1598160 Active (id: 1994291)
釣り銭 [spec2,news2,nf31] ；釣銭；つり銭
【つりせん [spec2,news2,nf31] 】

1.

[n]
▶ change (for a purchase)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2585990 剰銭【じょうせん】 1. remaining money; change
	⇐ see: 1434040 釣り【つり】 2. change (for a purchase)

History:

1.	A 2018-12-25 14:25:50 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<gloss>change (e.g. for dollar)</gloss> +<gloss>change (for a purchase)</gloss>

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jmdict 1850830 Active (id: 2222792)
息巻く [news2,nf42] ；息まく [sK] ；意気まく [sK] ；意気巻く [sK]
【いきまく [news2,nf42] 】

1.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to rage ▶ to storm (at) ▶ to be furious
2.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to enthuse ▶ to speak enthusiastically ▶ to speak with vigour ▶ to get worked up

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-02-25 16:48:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-02-25 06:02:47 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Meikyo: 「意気巻く」と書くのは誤り。 ╭─ーーーー─┬─────╮ │ 意気まい │ 239 │ │ 意気巻い │ 68 │ ╰─ーーーー─┴─────╯
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>意気まく</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>意気巻く</keb>
4.	A 2022-08-22 06:37:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-08-22 03:46:11 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 息巻く　 │ 10,065 │ 84.3% │ │ 息まく　 │ 260 │ 2.2% │ 🡠 sK │ いきまく │ 1,616 │ 13.5% │ ├─ーーーー─┼────────┼───────┤ │ 息巻い　 │ 47,838 │ 79.2% │ │ 息まい　 │ 1,276 │ 2.1% │ │ いきまい │ 11,291 │ 18.7% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2018-12-25 10:13:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2018-12-23 22:51:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij G n-grams: 息巻く 10065 息まく 260
	Comments:	I don't think "galvanize" is right.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>息まく</keb> @@ -25 +28,2 @@ -<gloss>to speak passionately</gloss> +<gloss>to speak enthusiastically</gloss> +<gloss>to speak with vigour</gloss> @@ -27 +30,0 @@ -<gloss>to galvanize</gloss>

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jmdict 1852640 Active (id: 1994277)
虎の尾を踏む；トラの尾を踏む；とらの尾を踏む
【とらのおをふむ (虎の尾を踏む, とらの尾を踏む)；トラのおをふむ (トラの尾を踏む) 】

1.

[exp,v5m] [id]
▶ to play with fire
▶ to do something very dangerous
▶ to take a great risk
▶ [lit] to step on a tiger's tail

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2018-12-25 10:01:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2018-12-24 12:14:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 G n-grams: 虎の尾 38486 とらの尾 525 トラの尾 5325
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>トラの尾を踏む</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>とらの尾を踏む</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +15,6 @@ +<re_restr>虎の尾を踏む</re_restr> +<re_restr>とらの尾を踏む</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>トラのおをふむ</reb> +<re_restr>トラの尾を踏む</re_restr> @@ -14,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>to do something very dangerous</gloss>
3.	A 2018-02-27 05:03:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2018-02-17 21:15:45 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 daij
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,4 @@ -<gloss>to take great risks</gloss> +<misc>&id;</misc> +<gloss>to play with fire</gloss> +<gloss>to take a great risk</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">to step on a tiger's tail</gloss>
1.	A 2010-11-06 00:04:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5m;</pos>

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jmdict 1896110 Active (id: 1994297)
手を結ぶ
【てをむすぶ】

1.

[exp,v5b]
▶ to join hands
▶ to join forces
▶ to work in cooperation
▶ to link up
▶ to partner with

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2018-12-25 19:22:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>to link up</gloss>
2.	A* 2018-12-25 17:00:04
	Refs:	https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=手を結
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,3 @@ +<gloss>to join forces</gloss> +<gloss>to work in cooperation</gloss> +<gloss>to partner with</gloss>
1.	A 2010-09-13 04:46:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5b;</pos>

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jmdict 1933440 Active (id: 2164908)
業務妨害
【ぎょうむぼうがい】

1.

[n] {law}
▶ obstruction of business
▶ interference with business
▶ interference with someone's duties

History:

5.	A 2021-11-19 10:46:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Converting somebody to someone -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>interference with somebody's duties</gloss> +<gloss>interference with someone's duties</gloss>
4.	A 2018-12-25 14:48:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-12-19 20:06:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	More idiomatic English.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>interference of business</gloss> +<gloss>interference with business</gloss>
2.	A 2015-01-19 22:42:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2015-01-19 11:46:37 Not Meiryo-Name <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jmdict seq 2722670, rnnnews.jp, fcclsearch.bunka.ac.jp (via linguee), 世界大百科事典第２版 (via kotobank)
	Comments:	1. JMDict: Given that 威力業務妨害 is glossed as "forcible obstruction of business", it follows that 業務妨害 should be glossed as "obstruction of business". 2. RNN: link - http://rnnnews.jp/search/result/? q=%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E5%A6%A8%E5%AE%B3&m=3 3. fcclsearch.bunka.ac.jp: link - http://www.linguee.jp/日本語- %E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E/search? source=auto&query=%22%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E5%A6%A8%E5%AE%B3%22 Seems like it's a legal term too (or rather, 業務妨害罪 is)
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<field>&law;</field> +<gloss>obstruction of business</gloss> +<gloss>interference of business</gloss>

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jmdict 2018600 Active (id: 2043056)
聴牌
【テンパイ】

1.

[n,vs] [uk] {mahjong} Source lang: chi "tīngpái"
▶ tenpai
▶ fishing (i.e. needing one more tile for completion)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2832974 闇聴【やみテン】 1. being in tenpai but not calling rīchi
	⇐ see: 2832973 黙聴【だまテン】 1. being in tenpai but not calling rīchi
	⇐ see: 2854212 余剰牌【よじょうはい】 1. surplus tile; tile that has become unnecessary to the advancement of a hand, particularly at the moment tenpai is attained
	⇐ see: 2837636 空テン【からテン】 1. tenpai with all potential winning tiles visible on table (impossible to win)
	⇐ see: 2832299 不聴【ノーテン】 1. not fishing; needing more than one tile to win
	⇐ see: 2018500 テンパる 1. to become one tile away from completion
	⇐ see: 2664060 一向聴【イーシャンテン】 1. one step away from fishing (i.e. needing two more tiles for completion)
	⇐ see: 1427900 張る【はる】 10. to become one tile away from completion

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2019-07-03 01:16:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2019-07-02 19:30:43 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	google translate (could be wrong, but attested here: https://quizlet.com/412860367/麻将-flash-cards/ )
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="chi">tingpai</lsource> +<lsource xml:lang="chi">tīngpái</lsource>
6.	A 2018-12-25 14:49:00 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-12-22 06:59:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Romaji version may be useful.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>tenpai</gloss>
4.	A 2017-06-04 00:05:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google hits - about 4:1.
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2017-06-03 20:04:51
	Refs:	http://sma-jyan.itomenako.info/f/3.html
	Comments:	I have never seen this nor the antonym ノーテン (which is missing from this dictionary) written in kanji.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2014-12-21 05:38:12 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<field>&mahj;</field> @@ -14 +15 @@ -<gloss>"fishing" in mahjong (i.e. needing one more tile for completion)</gloss> +<gloss>fishing (i.e. needing one more tile for completion)</gloss>
1.	A 2004-03-30 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2103080 Active (id: 2287664)
気炎を上げる；気炎をあげる；気炎を揚げる [rK] ；気焔をあげる [sK] ；気焔を上げる [sK] ；気焔を揚げる [sK]
【きえんをあげる】

1.

[exp,v1]
▶ to speak energetically
▶ to talk big
▶ to argue heatedly

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2024-01-07 00:53:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2024-01-07 00:51:52 penname01
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 気炎を上げる │ 598 │ 61.2% │ most kokugos │ 気炎をあげる │ 209 │ 21.4% │ │ 気焔をあげる │ 57 │ 5.8% │ add, sK │ 気炎を揚げる │ 54 │ 5.5% │ add rK (daijr/s, shinkoku, jitenon) │ 気焔を上げる │ 39 │ 4.0% │ add, sK │ 気焔を揚げる │ 20 │ 2.0% │ add, sK (shinkoku) ╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,13 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>気焔をあげる</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>気焔を上げる</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>気焔を揚げる</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6.	A 2018-12-25 10:12:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-12-23 22:35:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, prog
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>to speak energetically</gloss> @@ -19,0 +21 @@ +<gloss>to argue heatedly</gloss>
4.	A 2010-08-20 10:51:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2010-08-20 08:19:50 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>気炎をあげる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>気炎を揚げる</keb>
2.	A* 2010-08-19 18:19:58 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v1;</pos>
1.	A 2006-10-03 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2124490 Active (id: 1994298)
甲乙つけがたい；甲乙付けがたい；甲乙付け難い
【こうおつつけがたい】

1.

[exp,adj-i]
▶ difficult to say which of the two is better
▶ hard to tell which is better
▶ (there is) little to choose between them

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2018-12-25 19:23:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2018-12-20 20:34:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 甲乙付け難い 6425 甲乙付けがたい 14053 甲乙つけがたい 41997
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>甲乙付け難い</keb> +<keb>甲乙つけがたい</keb> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<keb>甲乙つけがたい</keb> +<keb>甲乙付け難い</keb> @@ -18 +18,4 @@ -<gloss>it is difficult to say which of the two is better</gloss> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<gloss>difficult to say which of the two is better</gloss> +<gloss>hard to tell which is better</gloss> +<gloss>(there is) little to choose between them</gloss>
1.	A 2007-01-21 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2192360 Active (id: 2183113)
立直
【リーチ】

1.

[n] [uk] {mahjong} Source lang: chi "lìzhí"
▶ rīchi
▶ riichi
▶ [expl] declaring that one is one tile away from winning while one's hand is completely concealed

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2750210 ダブル立直【ダブルリーチ】 1. declaring that one is one tile away from winning on one's first discard and before any tiles have been called or kongs declared
	⇐ see: 2837637 追っかけリーチ【おっかけリーチ】 1. rīchi called after another player's rīchi
	⇐ see: 2833519 リーヅモ 1. rīchi with self-draw win (common pair of melds)
	⇐ see: 2832710 裏ドラ【うらドラ】 1. hidden dora tile available when a player wins by rīchi
	⇐ see: 2832974 闇聴【やみテン】 1. being in tenpai but not calling rīchi
	⇐ see: 2832973 黙聴【だまテン】 1. being in tenpai but not calling rīchi
	⇐ see: 1165730 一発【いっぱつ】 5. win on the first go-around after calling rīchi
	⇐ see: 2854182 宣言牌【せんげんパイ】 1. tile discarded and turned sideways after declaring rīchi
	⇐ see: 2752760 メンタンピン 1. combination of rīchi, tanyao, and pinfu (common trio of yaku)

2.

[n] [uk]
▶ being one step away from victory, success, failure, etc.

History:

18.	A 2022-04-09 11:45:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
17.	A* 2022-04-08 23:57:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Comments:	I think this is neater.
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>being one step away from completing something (winning, losing, game over, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>being one step away from victory, success, failure, etc.</gloss>
16.	A 2022-04-07 23:38:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
15.	A* 2022-04-07 23:08:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Sounds good to me.
14.	A* 2022-04-06 02:06:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_mahjong#Riichi (uses "riichi") https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_mahjong_yaku#Special_criteria (uses "rīchi")
	Comments:	We settled a while ago on using "rīchi" but since some common sites also use "riichi" we'd better have both. We have 8 entries using "riichi" in their glosses and 6 using "rīchi". I propose to change them all to "rīchi".
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>riichi</gloss>
(show/hide 13 older log entries)
13.	A 2020-04-12 21:57:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12.	A* 2020-04-12 04:14:04 dine <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://zh.forvo.com/word/立直/#zh
	Comments:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/立直「立直」の英語表記には日本語のローマ字による「riichi」[19]やピンインによる「li-zhi」が用いられるが
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="chi">lizhi</lsource> +<lsource xml:lang="chi">lìzhí</lsource>
11.	A 2018-12-26 23:31:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>declaring that one is one tile away from winning while one's hand is completely concealed</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">declaring that one is one tile away from winning while one's hand is completely concealed</gloss>
10.	A 2018-12-25 14:46:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Looks OK.
9.	A* 2018-12-25 00:31:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopen
8.	A 2018-12-25 00:31:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See if this works. I'll approve and reopen.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>riichi</gloss> +<gloss>rīchi</gloss>
7.	A* 2018-12-22 06:40:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	リーチ 956093 立直 16867
	Comments:	Probably useful to have the romaji version. Can someone change this to i-macron? I can't with a tablet.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>riichi</gloss>
6.	A 2014-12-21 05:37:50 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&mahj;</field> @@ -14 +15 @@ -<gloss>declaring that one is one tile away from winning in mahjong while one's hand is completely concealed</gloss> +<gloss>declaring that one is one tile away from winning while one's hand is completely concealed</gloss>
5.	A 2012-10-08 22:16:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2012-10-08 21:36:31 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/立直
	Comments:	リーチ in mahjong is specifically sense 1, while according to the wiki ref, sense 2 can be used very generally (転用 section). Keeping the two glosses together implies that it's used more generally in mahjong than it is according to the refs and my experience.
	Diff:	@@ -14,2 +14,6 @@ -<gloss>being one step away from completing a game, esp. mahjong (winning, losing, game over, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>declaring that one is one tile away from winning in mahjong</gloss> +<gloss>declaring that one is one tile away from winning in mahjong while one's hand is completely concealed</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>being one step away from completing something (winning, losing, game over, etc.)</gloss>
3.	A 2012-06-20 23:07:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-06-20 15:25:07 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merge from 1140630 – “being one step away from winning” (generally) is just another use of this term, and is unrelated to various English words. (Admittedly, “reach = 1 step from winning” is a plausible-seeming folk etymology.)
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@ +<gloss>being one step away from completing a game, esp. mahjong (winning, losing, game over, etc.)</gloss>
1.	A 2007-08-15 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2433710 Active (id: 1994563)

ドラ

1.

[n] {mahjong}
▶ dora
▶ [expl] special tile that increases the han value of a hand

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2750030 赤ドラ【あかドラ】 1. red dora; red suited tile that doubles the score of any hand (usu. a five of each suit)
	⇐ see: 2754390 ドラ牌【ドラパイ】 1. dora tile; special tile that increases the han value of a hand

History:

12.	A 2018-12-30 02:17:24 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2018-12-26 22:04:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Mahjong_scoring_rules#Counting_han
	Comments:	I think this is a better description. Other guides I checked had something similar.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">special tile that doubles the score of any hand</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">special tile that increases the han value of a hand</gloss>
10.	A 2018-12-26 21:58:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>special tile that doubles the score of any hand</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">special tile that doubles the score of any hand</gloss>
9.	A 2018-12-25 23:14:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2018-12-22 06:36:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Mahjong
	Comments:	Probably useful to have the romaj versions too.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<gloss>dora</gloss>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A 2017-05-28 14:54:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs: "ドラゴンから生じた語という"
	Comments:	I agree with the commenter above. It isn't an abbreviation.
6.	A* 2017-05-22 00:25:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr: 〔ドラゴンの略かという〕
	Comments:	Daijr is being a bit equivocal. This edit is not a big deal. Maybe a note: "poss. abbr. of ドラゴン"?
5.	A* 2017-05-21 14:00:05
	Comments:	This may have come from ドラゴン but it is not an abbreviation.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +8,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1088740">ドラゴン</xref> @@ -11 +9,0 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc>
4.	A 2014-12-21 05:05:13 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<field>&mahj;</field> @@ -11 +12 @@ -<gloss>special tile that doubles the score of any hand (mahjong)</gloss> +<gloss>special tile that doubles the score of any hand</gloss>
3.	A 2012-10-26 04:34:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://mahjongtime.com/Mahjong-Dora-Tile.html
	Comments:	See comment on 2754390.
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<gloss>mahjong tile that doubles the score of any hand (or the rule set that includes these tiles)</gloss> +<gloss>special tile that doubles the score of any hand (mahjong)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-22 06:23:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	changing to much more common spelling
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<gloss>mah-jongg tile that doubles the score of any hand (or the rule set that includes these tiles)</gloss> +<gloss>mahjong tile that doubles the score of any hand (or the rule set that includes these tiles)</gloss>
1.	A 2009-04-10 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2495130 Active (id: 2272557)

ルチン

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ rutin

History:

5.	A 2023-07-05 19:56:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<field>&chem;</field>
4.	A 2018-12-25 00:27:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutin Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Doesn't mean "routine", so I'm cancelling the merge.
	Diff:	@@ -11,5 +10,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<s_inf>usu. ルチーン</s_inf> -<gloss>routine</gloss> -</sense>
3.	D 2013-03-23 23:20:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merge
2.	A 2010-06-03 00:12:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>usu. ルチーン</s_inf> +<gloss>routine</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2573310 Active (id: 1994287)
小猿；子猿；子ザル；子ざる；仔猿
【こざる (小猿, 子猿, 子ざる, 仔猿)；こザル (子ザル) 】

1.	[n] ▶ baby monkey
2.	[n] ▶ small monkey

History:

5.	A 2018-12-25 10:19:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've split the others as suggested.
4.	A* 2018-12-22 23:56:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 G n-grams: 小猿 39575 子猿 13544 仔猿 4503 子ざる 6082 子ザル 14985
	Comments:	Splitting into senses. We should probably do the same for 子猫 and 子犬.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,6 @@ +<keb>子ザル</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>子ざる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -14,0 +21,8 @@ +<re_restr>小猿</re_restr> +<re_restr>子猿</re_restr> +<re_restr>子ざる</re_restr> +<re_restr>仔猿</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>こザル</reb> +<re_restr>子ザル</re_restr> @@ -17,0 +32,4 @@ +<gloss>baby monkey</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -19 +36,0 @@ -<gloss>infant monkey</gloss>
3.	A 2018-12-21 18:42:01 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>仔猿</keb>
2.	A 2010-08-26 20:37:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-08-26 18:25:33 Scott
	Refs:	koj daij

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jmdict 2591700 Active (id: 1994276)
寸寸；寸々
【ずたずた；ずだずだ；ズタズタ (nokanji)；ズダズダ (nokanji) 】

1.

[adv,adj-na] [uk]
▶ to pieces
▶ into shreds

History:

6.	A 2018-12-25 10:00:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-12-24 12:17:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ずたずた 35782 ずだずだ 103 ズタズタ 71084 ズダズダ 539
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,8 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ズタズタ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ズダズダ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele>
4.	A 2011-03-04 09:12:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2011-03-04 07:53:29 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	'merge'
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2010-11-09 08:00:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,1 @@ +<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -18,1 +19,0 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2010-11-05 19:38:05 Scott
	Refs:	daij koj

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jmdict 2826787 Active (id: 1994281)
どこの誰
【どこのだれ】

1.

[exp,pn]
《emphatic ver. of 誰》
▶ who the heck
▶ just who

History:

9.	A 2018-12-25 10:12:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's useful.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<s_inf>emphatic ver. of 誰</s_inf>
8.	A* 2018-12-23 20:39:18 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Maybe the note isn't even necessary?
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1416830">誰</xref> -<s_inf>emphatic ver. of 誰</s_inf> +<pos>&pn;</pos>
7.	A* 2018-12-23 20:13:20 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Better?
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ -<s_inf>emphatic, often interrog.</s_inf> -<gloss>which person</gloss> -<gloss>who (you are)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1416830">誰</xref> +<s_inf>emphatic ver. of 誰</s_inf> +<gloss>who the heck</gloss> +<gloss>just who</gloss>
6.	A 2016-12-07 00:14:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-12-06 11:16:34 luces
	Refs:	www examples
	Comments:	I think this is similar in meaning to いったい誰 though perhaps the speaker is less puzzled it's often used like どこの誰だか分からないが which might be comparable to the english 'I don't know who you are (or where you're from) but ...' it's kind of emphatic I guess?
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<s_inf>often interrog.</s_inf> +<s_inf>emphatic, often interrog.</s_inf>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2016-12-06 04:38:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Oops
3.	A* 2016-12-02 16:30:48
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<s_inf>often interog.</s_inf> +<s_inf>often interrog.</s_inf>
2.	A 2015-02-21 03:41:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1051784240
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>who</gloss> +<s_inf>often interog.</s_inf> +<gloss>which person</gloss> +<gloss>who (you are)</gloss>
1.	A* 2015-02-18 09:35:11

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jmdict 2837501 Active (id: 1994293)
建設族
【けんせつぞく】

1.

[n]
▶ group of politicians who support construction interests
▶ [lit] construction tribe

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2837502 道路族【どうろぞく】 2. group of politicians who support highway construction interests; highway tribe

History:

3.	A 2018-12-25 14:47:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, I think this looks better.
2.	A* 2018-12-09 06:32:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Does this work?
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<gloss>"construction tribe"</gloss> @@ -13,0 +13 @@ +<gloss g_type="lit">construction tribe</gloss>
1.	A* 2018-12-06 07:54:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5: 道路族議員　a highway lawmaker; a diet member □who supports [backed by] highway construction interests. daijs 道路族 ⇒建設族建設族族議員の一。国土交通省が扱う公共事業に対し影響力をもつ。特に道路整備を推進する議員は、道路族ともいう。 hits for "kensetuzoku" show a lot of literal translations: https://www.google.co.jp/search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=kensetsuzoku e.g. https://books.google.co.jp/books? id=qFScBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA199&ots=omflc6_yfz&dq=kensetsuzoku&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q=kensetsuzoku&f=false

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jmdict 2837502 Active (id: 1994315)
道路族
【どうろぞく】

1.

[n] [derog]
▶ people (esp. kids) who spend a lot of time in the streets (of their residential areas), being noisy

2.

[n]
▶ group of politicians who support highway construction interests
▶ [lit] highway tribe

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2837501 建設族 1. group of politicians who support construction interests; construction tribe

History:

4.	A 2018-12-26 04:58:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-12-25 23:12:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning with 建設族 format.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>"(highway) construction tribe"</gloss> @@ -19,0 +19 @@ +<gloss g_type="lit">highway tribe</gloss>
2.	A 2018-12-10 07:12:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-06 08:00:37 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5: 道路族議員　a highway lawmaker; a diet member □who supports [backed by] highway construction interests. daijs 道路族 ⇒建設族知恵蔵mini on the other hand has this: 道路族主に住宅街の路上で大騒ぎして遊ぶ子どもと、その親を指す造語。親同士が世間話に熱中し、子どもが野放し状態になっている場合が多い。騒音、衝突事故、ゴミの散らかし、器物破損などにより、近隣住民との間でトラブルに発展するケースが各地で多発している。 ... which incidentally is how I came across it, here: https://news.nifty.com/article/economy/business/12117-9902/ "ガールズちゃんねるに11月13日、「持ち家でご近所トラブルにあってる人」というスレッドが立った。スレ主は、道路で騒いで迷惑をかける道路族の被害で頭がおかしくなりそうだという。" first google hits for 道路族 are about this so I placed it on top

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jmdict 2837575 Active (id: 1994314)
虫が騒ぐ
【むしがさわぐ】

1.

[exp,v5g] [id]
▶ to be itching to do something

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2018-12-26 04:57:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	That'll do.
3.	A* 2018-12-25 23:11:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	How about this?
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>to be so excited as to be unable to stay still</gloss> +<misc>&id;</misc> +<gloss>to be itching to do something</gloss>
2.	A* 2018-12-12 17:56:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	実用日本語表現辞典: 欲求が掻き立てられて落ち着かなくなる、気がはやって居ても立ってもいられなくなる、といった意味の表現ルミナス: 虫が騒ぐ (…したい気持ちになる) want to do…, feel like doing …
	Comments:	The excitement seems to be about wanting to do something. That needs to be worked in.
1.	A* 2018-12-12 13:24:13
	Refs:	https://www.weblio.jp/content/虫が騒ぐ

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jmdict 2837637 Active (id: 1994300)
追っかけリーチ
【おっかけリーチ】

1.

[n] {mahjong}
▶ rīchi called after another player's rīchi

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2192360 立直 1. rīchi; riichi; declaring that one is one tile away from winning while one's hand is completely concealed

History:

3.	A 2018-12-25 19:29:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Done.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>riichi called after another player's riichi</gloss> +<gloss>rīchi called after another player's rīchi</gloss>
2.	A* 2018-12-22 06:44:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this is ok, but can someone change riichi to the form with a macron?
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2192360">立直・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2192360">立直・1</xref> +<field>&mahj;</field>
1.	A* 2018-12-19 14:20:54
	Refs:	https://mj-dragon.com/glos/o/okkakeri-chi.html http://mjy.howtouse.jp/riichi.php (End of page)

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jmdict 2837662 Active (id: 1994280)
下刻
【かこく】

1.

[n] {geology}
▶ downcutting
▶ downward erosion
▶ vertical erosion

History:

2.	A 2018-12-25 10:02:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-23 12:34:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downcutting

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jmdict 2837663 Active (id: 1994371)
外名
【がいめい】

1.

[n]
▶ exonym
▶ xenonym

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2837666 内名 1. endonym; autonym

History:

3.	A 2018-12-26 23:31:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2837666">内名</xref> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>xenonym</gloss>
2.	A 2018-12-25 00:04:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-24 16:56:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/外名 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym
	Comments:	Not in the dictionaries but I have come across it a couple of times.

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jmdict 2837664 Active (id: 1994271)

フラボノール

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ flavonol

History:

2.	A 2018-12-25 00:43:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-25 00:23:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.

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jmdict 2837665 Deleted (id: 1994428)
危機に瀕する；危機にひんする
【ききにひんする】

1.

[exp,vs-s]
▶ to be in immediate danger (of)
▶ to be on the brink (of)
▶ to be on the verge

Conjugations

History:

4.	D 2018-12-27 21:32:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I wasn't particularly in favour of it.
3.	A* 2018-12-26 23:56:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5: 未曾有の危機に瀕した財政　finances verging on an unprecedented crisis. この動物は絶滅の危機に瀕している　The species is on the verge of extinction.
	Comments:	I don't think this needs to be an entry. As the first gg5 example shows, it's not always preceded by a noun. On its own it means "to be on the brink of a crisis". I'd parse the second example as "絶滅の危機" + "に瀕している". The glosses we have for 瀕する are almost identical to the ones here so no one should struggle with the meaning.
2.	A 2018-12-26 01:30:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 examples.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>to be on the brink of</gloss> +<gloss>to be on the brink (of)</gloss> +<gloss>to be on the verge</gloss>
1.	A* 2018-12-25 13:15:11
	Refs:	https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=危機にひん https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/"危機に瀕"

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jmdict 2837666 Active (id: 1994299)
内名
【ないめい】

1.

[n]
▶ endonym
▶ autonym

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2837663 外名 1. exonym; xenonym

History:

2.	A 2018-12-25 19:24:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-25 14:21:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/外名 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym

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jmdict 2837667 Active (id: 1994311)
眼鏡レンチ
【めがねレンチ；メガネレンチ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ box wrench
▶ ring spanner

History:

2.	A 2018-12-26 01:36:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	眼鏡レンチ 143 めがねレンチ 14114 メガネレンチ 13486 Eijiro
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>メガネレンチ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -11,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
1.	A* 2018-12-25 23:38:18 Ben Bullock <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/めがねレンチ
	Comments:	An offset wrench is a particular type of usually box wrench with a bent handle.

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jmdict 2837668 Active (id: 1994307)
凍つ；冱つ
【いつ】

1.

[v2t-s,vi] [arch]
▶ to freeze

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1446210 凍てる 1. to freeze; to freeze over

History:

2.	A 2018-12-26 01:25:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-12-25 23:44:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj

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jmnedict 5078595 Active (id: 1994273)

ポールマッカートニー；ポール・マッカートニー

1.

[person]
▶ Paul McCartney

History:

1.	A 2018-12-25 09:51:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ポール・マッカートニー</reb>

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

3.	A 2018-12-25 09:58:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ファイアーマン
	Comments:	Funny; I thought I'd added that sense. Yes, ファイアーマン seems mainly to be the TV show.
2.	A 2018-12-24 18:45:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5
	Comments:	Added sense. I think it's safe to assume that most of the hits for ファイヤーマン are related to the TV show. I don't think it should come first. The dictionaries only have ファイア(ー)マン. I don't see ファイヤーマン in daijr.
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<reb>ファイヤーマン</reb> +<reb>ファイアマン</reb> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<reb>ファイアマン</reb> +<reb>ファイヤーマン</reb> @@ -17,0 +18,8 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1350350">消防士</xref> +<gloss>fireman</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2527760">火消し役・3</xref> +<field>&baseb;</field> +<gloss>relief pitcher</gloss>
1.	A* 2018-12-24 07:28:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ファイアマン 1429 <-- existing entry. In Daijr, GG5, 中辞典, RP, etc ファイヤーマン 11122 <-- Daijr has this as an index to ファイアマンファイアーマン 2789 ファイヤマン 123
	Comments:	See discussion on 2837661 (ファイヤーマン).
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +5,6 @@ +<reb>ファイヤーマン</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ファイアーマン</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -5,0 +12,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ファイヤマン</reb>

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