JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1078400 Active (id: 2087544)

ツーリング [gai1]

1.

[n,vs]
▶ touring (by car, bike, etc.)

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2020-11-10 01:48:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting on source word.
	Diff:	@@ -12,4 +11,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>tooling</gloss>
4.	A 2018-10-31 02:32:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-10-30 12:08:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, gg5 ツーリングし 50138
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10,2 @@ -<gloss>touring</gloss> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>touring (by car, bike, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-11-21 03:12:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-11-19 10:33:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	None of the dictionaries mention "tooling", but engineering glossaries do.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1150140 Active (id: 2224456)
哀れむ [ichi1] ；憐れむ；憫れむ [sK] ；愍れむ [sK]
【あわれむ [ichi1] 】

1.	[v5m,vt] ▶ to pity ▶ to feel sympathy for ▶ to sympathize with ▶ to sympathise with ▶ to commiserate with ▶ to have mercy on
2.	(哀れむ only) [v5m,vt] [poet] ▶ to enjoy the beauty of ▶ to appreciate ▶ to admire

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-03-12 09:39:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-03-12 07:12:32 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	I see あわれむ as a reading for 閔 in a kanwa but nowhere else. Probably okay to drop. Our second sense is in meikyo and sankoku with a (雅) tag. I think we use the [poet] tag for that? meikyo: 「憫れむ」「愍れむ」とも。 (our first sense only) Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 憐れむ　 │ 27,209 │ 46.7% │ │ 哀れむ　 │ 25,430 │ 43.6% │ │ 憫れむ　 │ 40 │ 0.1% │ - add, sK │ 愍れむ　 │ 20 │ 0.0% │ - add, sK │ 閔れむ　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ - drop │ あわれむ │ 5,601 │ 9.6% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,6 @@ -<keb>閔れむ</keb> -<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +<keb>憫れむ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>愍れむ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -33 +37 @@ -<misc>&arch;</misc> +<misc>&poet;</misc>
4.	A 2018-10-31 02:46:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-10-30 23:03:55 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -22 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>to commiserate</gloss> @@ -24 +23 @@ -<gloss>to have mercy on</gloss> +<gloss>to feel sympathy for</gloss> @@ -26,0 +26,2 @@ +<gloss>to commiserate with</gloss> +<gloss>to have mercy on</gloss> @@ -34 +35,2 @@ -<gloss>to appreciate (e.g. the moon, flowers)</gloss> +<gloss>to appreciate</gloss> +<gloss>to admire</gloss>
2.	A 2010-11-06 17:48:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2010-11-06 02:29:05 Scott
	Refs:	koj
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +28,8 @@ +<sense> +<stagk>哀れむ</stagk> +<pos>&v5m;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>to enjoy the beauty of</gloss> +<gloss>to appreciate (e.g. the moon, flowers)</gloss> +</sense>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1170770 Active (id: 2159379)
隠退
【いんたい】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ seclusion
▶ reclusion
▶ retirement (from activities)

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-17 22:52:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2018-10-31 23:03:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	The refs emphasise the seclusion aspect. Need to distinguish from 引退.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>retirement (from activities)</gloss> @@ -15,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>retirement (from activities)</gloss>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 17:24:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>retirement</gloss> +<gloss>retirement (from activities)</gloss> @@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>reclusion</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1183980 Active (id: 1989912)
音頭 [news1,nf15]
【おんど [news1,nf15] 】

1.

[n]
▶ lead (in a cheer, toast, song, etc.)
▶ (someone's) lead

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2102670 音頭を取る【おんどをとる】 1. to take the lead (of a group of people); to lead (a toast, cheer, etc.)

2.

[n]
▶ folk song and dance performed by a group

3.

[n]
▶ leader of a group of wind instruments (in gagaku)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1197870 雅楽 1. old Japanese court music; gagaku

History:

4.	A 2018-10-31 02:36:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-10-30 22:23:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5, prog
	Comments:	Revised senses 1 and 2. Added sense.
	Diff:	@@ -17,2 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>leading a group of people</gloss> -<gloss>someone who leads others into a song by singing the leading notes</gloss> +<gloss>lead (in a cheer, toast, song, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>(someone's) lead</gloss> @@ -22,2 +22,6 @@ -<gloss>workmen's songs</gloss> -<gloss>marching songs</gloss> +<gloss>folk song and dance performed by a group</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1197870">雅楽</xref> +<gloss>leader of a group of wind instruments (in gagaku)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-10-27 09:16:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2102670">音頭を取る・おんどをとる</xref>
1.	A* 2010-10-27 03:11:18 Scott
	Refs:	gg5 daij koj
	Comments:	this could be improved
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,5 @@ +<gloss>leading a group of people</gloss> +<gloss>someone who leads others into a song by singing the leading notes</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1251310 Active (id: 1989962)
経口 [news2,nf42]
【けいこう [news2,nf42] 】

1.

[adj-no]
▶ taken by mouth
▶ oral

History:

2.	A 2018-10-31 23:49:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 19:46:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Comments:	"Oral" is a bit vague.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -16,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>taken by mouth</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1275760 Active (id: 1990084)
口を出す；口をだす
【くちをだす】

1.

[exp,v5s]
▶ to interrupt
▶ to interfere
▶ to meddle
▶ to intrude
▶ to butt in
▶ to poke one's nose into

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2018-11-02 06:27:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's needed, and no case is given for the change.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>to interrupt (verbally)</gloss> +<gloss>to interrupt</gloss>
5.	A* 2018-11-01 14:10:29
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>to interrupt</gloss> +<gloss>to interrupt (verbally)</gloss>
4.	A 2018-11-01 00:02:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Just one sense.
	Diff:	@@ -16,5 +16 @@ -<gloss>to interrupt a conversation</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&exp;</pos> -<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<gloss>to interrupt</gloss> @@ -22 +18,3 @@ -<gloss>to meddle with</gloss> +<gloss>to meddle</gloss> +<gloss>to intrude</gloss> +<gloss>to butt in</gloss>
3.	A* 2018-10-31 14:43:00
	Refs:	大辞泉 https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=口を出す
	Comments:	「ま、要求は簡単さ。時間も無いんだし、さっさとシナリオを書き直してもらおうか」「なんだとっ！！　ふざけるなッ！演出のお前がシナリオの内容に口を出すな！　作家の領分に口を出すとは、世間知らずだな！」
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<gloss>to interfere</gloss> +<gloss>to meddle with</gloss> +<gloss>to poke one's nose into</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2010-08-23 01:25:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2010-08-22 03:30:46 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<pos>&v5s;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1291520 Active (id: 1989910)
砂丘 [spec2,news2,nf28] ；沙丘 [iK]
【さきゅう [spec2,news2,nf28] ；しゃきゅう】

1.

[n]
▶ sand dune
▶ sand hill

History:

4.	A 2018-10-31 02:35:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-10-30 12:11:05 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not in my refs.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-09-09 03:00:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	沙丘 may be iK
1.	A* 2012-09-09 01:28:14 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs, nikk
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>しゃきゅう</reb> +</r_ele>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1318000 Active (id: 1989964)
自身 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
【じしん [ichi1,news1,nf01] 】

1.

[n,n-suf]
▶ (one's) self
▶ oneself

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 00:03:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 17:05:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	The kokugos have a second sense but I think an extra PoS tag covers it.
	Diff:	@@ -18,2 +18,3 @@ -<gloss>by oneself</gloss> -<gloss>personally</gloss> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<gloss>(one's) self</gloss> +<gloss>oneself</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1333200 Active (id: 1989965)
舟歌；船歌；舟唄
【ふなうた】

1.

[n]
▶ sailor's song
▶ boat song
▶ sea shanty

2.

[n]
▶ barcarolle

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2676640 バルカロール 1. barcarolle; barcarole

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 00:04:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 11:25:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj
	Comments:	Added sense.
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20,6 @@ -<gloss>shanty</gloss> +<gloss>sea shanty</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2676640">バルカロール</xref> +<gloss>barcarolle</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1370120 Active (id: 1989966)
腎不全 [news2,nf35]
【じんふぜん [news2,nf35] 】

1.

[n]
▶ kidney failure
▶ renal failure

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 00:04:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 16:41:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>kidney failure</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1405790 Rejected (id: 1989925)
続く [ichi1]
【つづく [ichi1] 】

1.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to continue ▶ to last ▶ to go on
2.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to continue (without a break) ▶ to be unbroken
3.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to occur again and again
4.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to lead to ▶ to connect to ▶ to adjoin
5.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to come after ▶ to follow ▶ to succeed ▶ to rank next to
6.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to hold out ▶ to keep ▶ to last
7.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to be continued (books, series, etc.)

Conjugations

History:

11.	R 2018-10-31 11:18:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree.
10.	A* 2018-10-31 03:55:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this is really part of sense 1.
9.	A* 2018-10-30 22:48:54
	Diff:	@@ -51,0 +52,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5k;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to be continued (books, series, etc.)</gloss> +</sense>
8.	A 2013-02-13 01:54:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I'll drop that note. I think "to rank next to" is OK there.
	Diff:	@@ -40,1 +40,0 @@ -<s_inf>often ~に続く</s_inf>
7.	A* 2013-02-13 01:46:46 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	to hold out: daijs: "８持ちこたえる。「学費が―・かない」" to rank next to: daijs: "５順位が、すぐそのあとである。次ぐ。「宰相に ―・く実力者」"
	Comments:	"to rank next to" could also be a separate sense
	Diff:	@@ -44,0 +44,8 @@ +<gloss>to rank next to</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5k;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to hold out</gloss> +<gloss>to keep</gloss> +<gloss>to last</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2013-02-11 07:24:15 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm not sure it's necessary.
5.	A* 2013-02-06 05:05:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopening.
4.	A 2013-02-06 05:04:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Does that note on sense 5 help? I'll approve this, then reopen it.
	Diff:	@@ -40,0 +40,1 @@ +<s_inf>often ~に続く</s_inf>
3.	A* 2013-02-06 03:03:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	new sense 5 compensates for proposed deletion of に続く
	Diff:	@@ -15,2 +15,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2542440">に続く</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2542440">に続く</xref> @@ -24,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>to continue (without a break)</gloss> @@ -36,0 +35,8 @@ +<gloss>to adjoin</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5k;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to come after</gloss> +<gloss>to follow</gloss> +<gloss>to succeed</gloss>
2.	A 2010-10-28 23:12:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	no, but there is clearly に続く
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2542440">に続く</xref>
1.	A* 2010-10-28 15:27:05 Ben Bullock <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Continuing from the earlier message, there is no entry for ～に続く
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,0 @@ -<xref type="see">〜に続く</xref>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1426890 Active (id: 2195408)
駐在 [news1,nf07]
【ちゅうざい [news1,nf07] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ residence
▶ stay
▶ (job) posting
▶ being stationed (overseas, etc.)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2841077 駐箚【ちゅうさつ】 1. residing (abroad; of a diplomat, etc.)

2.

[n] [abbr]
▶ residential police box
▶ residential police box officer

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1692020 駐在所【ちゅうざいしょ】 1. police substation; residential police box

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-07-11 03:40:17 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
3.	A 2018-10-31 21:18:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -24 +23,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos>
2.	A 2013-08-02 06:01:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +25,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1692020">駐在所・ちゅうざいしょ</xref>
1.	A* 2013-08-02 04:57:21 Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ALC: （人）を海外に駐在させる station someone abroad 海外駐在 overseas ［foreign］ posting
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,2 @@ +<gloss>(job) posting</gloss> +<gloss>being stationed (overseas, etc.)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1442130 Active (id: 2187154)
伝染病 [news1,nf16]
【でんせんびょう [news1,nf16] 】

1.

[n] {medicine}
▶ contagious disease
▶ communicable disease
▶ transmissible disease
▶ infectious disease
▶ epidemic

History:

3.	A 2022-05-20 05:30:05 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<field>&med;</field>
2.	A 2018-11-01 00:05:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 18:07:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,3 @@ +<gloss>contagious disease</gloss> +<gloss>communicable disease</gloss> +<gloss>transmissible disease</gloss> @@ -17 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>contagious disease</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1464520 Active (id: 2152726)
日本軍
【にほんぐん；にっぽんぐん】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ military of the Empire of Japan

History:

5.	A 2021-10-19 04:29:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc>
4.	A 2018-11-01 19:53:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-11-01 17:31:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Don't need to say "Japan" twice.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Japanese military (of the Empire of Japan)</gloss> +<gloss>military of the Empire of Japan</gloss>
2.	A 2018-11-01 00:34:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 18:00:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本軍
	Comments:	Not just army.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>にっぽんぐん</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -12 +15 @@ -<gloss>Japanese Army</gloss> +<gloss>Japanese military (of the Empire of Japan)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1487630 Active (id: 1989909)
必読 [ichi1]
【ひつどく [ichi1] 】

1.

[n,adj-no]
▶ must-read
▶ required reading

History:

6.	A 2018-10-31 02:34:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-10-30 22:34:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	More common expression.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>obligatory reading</gloss> +<gloss>required reading</gloss>
4.	A 2013-09-08 03:15:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-09-08 03:10:23 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	新和英中辞典
	Comments:	sounds better to me
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@ -<gloss>should be read by all</gloss> +<gloss>obligatory reading</gloss>
2.	A 2012-05-26 22:11:38 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-05-26 15:25:37 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	* Add pos [adj-no] * Add clearer “must-read”
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,2 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>must-read</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1496520 Active (id: 1989970)
夫妻 [ichi1,news1,nf04]
【ふさい [ichi1,news1,nf04] 】

1.

[n]
《somewhat formal; not used for one's own family》
▶ husband and wife
▶ married couple

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 00:35:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 15:51:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog daijr: "「夫婦」より改まった言い方。自分自身や身内には用いない" daijs: "「夫婦」の、やや改まった言い方。「私たち夫妻」のように、自分たちについては使わない。「ご夫妻でおいでください」「有名人夫妻」のように、よその夫婦に対して使う"
	Comments:	I think we should have some sort of note.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>man and wife</gloss> +<s_inf>somewhat formal; not used for one's own family</s_inf> +<gloss>husband and wife</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1508860 Active (id: 2152716)
米軍 [spec1]
【べいぐん [spec1] 】

1.

[n]
▶ US armed forces

History:

2.	A 2021-10-19 04:15:38 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	米軍 2103412 アメリカ軍 318370
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
1.	A 2018-10-31 18:00:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>the US armed forces</gloss> +<gloss>US armed forces</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1515470 Active (id: 2163604)
包含 [spec2,news2,nf31]
【ほうがん [spec2,news2,nf31] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ inclusion
▶ comprehension
▶ implication
▶ containing
▶ covering

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2021-11-18 01:17:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
3.	A 2018-11-01 00:35:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2018-10-31 18:14:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	Probably don't need a separate [vs] sense here.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -21,7 +22,2 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<gloss>to include</gloss> -<gloss>to comprise</gloss> -<gloss>to contain</gloss> -<gloss>to implicate</gloss> +<gloss>containing</gloss> +<gloss>covering</gloss>
1.	A 2010-07-24 20:10:42 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Second sense should have been vs
	Diff:	@@ -23,1 +23,1 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1541460 Active (id: 1989915)
有線 [news1,nf14]
【ゆうせん [news1,nf14] 】

1.

[adj-no]
▶ wired
▶ cabled

Cross references:
	⇔ ant: 1530380 無線 2. wireless; not using wires

2.

[n]
▶ communication by wire

History:

2.	A 2018-10-31 02:37:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-30 22:50:55 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	prog
	Comments:	We need "wired" as a gloss (for things like 有線キーボード).
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15,6 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<xref type="ant" seq="1530380">無線・2</xref> +<gloss>wired</gloss> +<gloss>cabled</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -16,2 +22 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>communicate by wire</gloss> +<gloss>communication by wire</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1576550 Active (id: 1989972)
疫病 [spec2,news2,nf35]
【えきびょう [spec2,news2,nf35] ；やくびょう】

1.

[n]
▶ epidemic
▶ plague
▶ pestilence

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 00:35:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 18:26:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	I don't think we need "infectious disease".
	Diff:	@@ -21,2 +21 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>infectious disease</gloss> +<gloss>epidemic</gloss> @@ -24 +23 @@ -<gloss>epidemic</gloss> +<gloss>pestilence</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1583640 Active (id: 2224427)
夫婦 [ichi1,news1,nf02] ；妻夫 [rK] ；女夫 [rK]
【ふうふ [ichi1,news1,nf02] 】

1.

[n]
▶ married couple
▶ husband and wife
▶ man and wife

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2857591 夫婦【めおと】 1. married couple; husband and wife; man and wife

History:

9.	A 2023-03-12 03:46:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, that split works.
8.	A* 2023-03-12 02:25:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, sankoku, smk 妻夫 348,704 妻夫木 325,390
	Comments:	I think sense 2 is always めおと/みょうと. GG5 points to ふうふ because めおと also has the "husband and wife" meaning. The ok tag is usually used for archaic readings. Sankoku tags both めおと and みょうと as 古風. I think they should be a separate entry. The vast majority of the 妻夫 counts come from 妻夫木.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -19 +19,0 @@ -<re_restr>夫婦</re_restr> @@ -23,7 +22,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>めおと</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>みょうと</reb> -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> @@ -36,7 +28,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n-pref;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1841840">夫婦茶碗</xref> -<s_inf>usu. めおと</s_inf> -<gloss>his and hers</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)</gloss>
7.	A 2023-03-10 05:07:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	The JEs have this is a separate sense, but point to ふうふ.
	Comments:	Maybe a note is best.
	Diff:	@@ -38 +37,0 @@ -<stagr>めおと</stagr> @@ -40,0 +40 @@ +<s_inf>usu. めおと</s_inf>
6.	A* 2023-03-10 00:54:18 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	shinmeikai says みょうと is a 古風な表現
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +29 @@ +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
5.	A* 2023-03-10 00:34:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 夫婦　　 │ 8,818,680 │ 95.4% │ │ 妻夫　　 │ 348,704 │ 3.8% │ - add (daijr/s, koj, meikyo) │ 女夫　　 │ 9,836 │ 0.1% │ - add rK (daijr/s, koj, meikyo) │ ふうふ　 │ 18,719 │ 0.2% │ │ めおと　 │ 45,716 │ 0.5% │ │ みょうと │ 4,449 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	The kokogos don't seem to mention anything about the second sense or a restriction to めおと.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,7 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>妻夫</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>女夫</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -11,0 +19 @@ +<re_restr>夫婦</re_restr>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2018-11-01 00:36:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-10-31 15:53:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	I don't think we need all those glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -25 +24,0 @@ -<gloss>spouses</gloss> @@ -27,2 +26 @@ -<gloss>couple</gloss> -<gloss>pair</gloss> +<gloss>man and wife</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-26 12:02:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -35,1 +35,1 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">pair of objects, one larger (for man), on smaller (for woman)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-26 04:27:05 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	Add “his and hers” sense – seen for teacups, chopsticks, and various other objects, specifically with めおと reading
	Diff:	@@ -30,0 +30,7 @@ +<sense> +<stagr>めおと</stagr> +<pos>&n-pref;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1841840">夫婦茶碗</xref> +<gloss>his and hers</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">pair of objects, one larger (for man), on smaller (for woman)</gloss> +</sense>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1658410 Active (id: 1989974)
持ち回り [news1,nf22] ；持回り
【もちまわり [news1,nf22] 】

1.

[n]
▶ rotation (of a post, role, etc.)
▶ taking turns

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 00:37:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 17:09:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>持回り</keb> @@ -16,2 +19,2 @@ -<gloss>rotation</gloss> -<gloss>by turns</gloss> +<gloss>rotation (of a post, role, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>taking turns</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1692030 Active (id: 1989975)
駐米
【ちゅうべい】

1.

[adj-no]
▶ stationed in the United States
▶ resident in the United States

History:

2.

A 2018-11-01 00:37:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>

1.

A* 2018-10-31 13:53:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>

Diff:

@@ -11,2 +11,3 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>being stationed or resident in the USA</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>stationed in the United States</gloss>
+<gloss>resident in the United States</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1726140 Active (id: 1989979)
自身番
【じしんばん】

1.

[n]
▶ guardhouse (Edo-period city)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2574200 番屋【ばんや】 2. (Edo period) police box

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 00:45:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 20:17:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>(Edo-period) guardhouses within the city</gloss> +<gloss>guardhouse (Edo-period city)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1732550 Active (id: 1989988)
番所
【ばんしょ；ばんどころ】

1.

[n]
▶ guardhouse

History:

2.	A 2018-11-01 01:33:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 16:53:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, koj
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ばんどころ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -12 +15 @@ -<gloss>guard house</gloss> +<gloss>guardhouse</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1753620 Active (id: 1989908)
涎掛け；よだれ掛け
【よだれかけ；ヨダレカケ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ bib
▶ drool bib

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2830613 ビブ 1. bib (e.g. for infants)

History:

11.	A 2018-10-31 02:33:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, let's close it now.
10.	A* 2018-10-30 20:12:02 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	(didn't mean to actually include it)
	Diff:	@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>涎掛</keb>
9.	A* 2018-10-30 20:11:36 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs has "涎掛（け）" but the け-less version isn't very common: ng 涎掛け 3923 涎掛 149 よだれ掛け 3598 よだれ掛 106
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>涎掛</keb>
8.	A* 2018-10-30 20:07:20 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	eij "drool bib" https://www.billybibs.com/what-is-a-drool-bib "A drool bib has one job: absorb a baby’s drool. As far as its practical purpose, that’s pretty much it. Because a drool bib isn’t for catching food, it doesn’t have to protect the entire front of your child’s torso or come with a big pocket in front. It only needs to cover a baby’s neck and chest." google images for よだれかけ show both hard plastic bibs (which catch food) and soft drool bibs.
	Comments:	OK, but it's not "esp. for infants and statues" - the use on statues is incidental and mentioning it seems encyclopedic to me (daij, etc. make no mention of it).
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20,2 @@ -<gloss>bib (esp. for infants and statues)</gloss> +<gloss>bib</gloss> +<gloss>drool bib</gloss>
7.	A* 2018-10-30 00:35:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bib
	Comments:	I think it's needed. "bib" has other meanings.
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>bib</gloss> +<gloss>bib (esp. for infants and statues)</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2018-10-27 03:56:21 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The note doesn't add much, does it?
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>bib (esp. for infants and statues)</gloss> +<gloss>bib</gloss>
5.	A* 2018-10-25 06:29:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	涎掛け 3923 ヨダレカケ 2173 よだれ掛け 3598 よだれかけ 130940
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>よだれ掛け</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ヨダレカケ</reb> +<re_nokanji/>
4.	A 2016-12-01 02:01:45 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-12-01 00:56:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: 涎掛け 3923 よだれかけ 130940
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2012-03-09 23:21:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-03-09 14:48:31 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr koj ja:WP http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/涎掛け Google images (statue sense) 16,300 "涎掛け" 像
	Comments:	Add “esp. infants and statues” – literally this is specifically infants, but it’s also used for the ubiquitous bibs on statues (e.g., 地蔵、稲荷の狐). Usually red on statues (sometimes white, but v. often red) – dunno if worth putting in entry. FWIW, it’s not generally used for eating bibs for adults (e.g., for eating messy ramen or shellfish); I’ve heard this as エプロン instead (and got funny reactions when I referred to this as 涎掛け – “that’s for babies!”).
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>bib</gloss> +<gloss>bib (esp. for infants and statues)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1822380 Active (id: 2241649)
隠退蔵物資
【いんたいぞうぶっし】

1.

[n]
▶ secretly hoarded goods (esp. those belonging to the Japanese military at the end of WWII)

History:

4.	A 2023-05-25 04:05:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We often just have WWII.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>secretly hoarded goods (esp. those belonging to the Japanese military at the end of World War II)</gloss> +<gloss>secretly hoarded goods (esp. those belonging to the Japanese military at the end of WWII)</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-05-25 03:07:43 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Stumbled on by chance. This is the only entry in jmdictdb where WWII is written with a "2". I have not looked into this entry any deeper than this.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>secretly hoarded goods (esp. those belonging to the Japanese military at the end of World War 2)</gloss> +<gloss>secretly hoarded goods (esp. those belonging to the Japanese military at the end of World War II)</gloss>
2.	A 2018-11-01 00:45:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 21:17:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, koj
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>secretly hoarded goods</gloss> +<gloss>secretly hoarded goods (esp. those belonging to the Japanese military at the end of World War 2)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1835010 Active (id: 1989990)
流行病
【りゅうこうびょう】

1.

[n]
▶ epidemic

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2836950 流行り病【はやりやまい】 1. epidemic
	⇐ see: 2563020 時疫【じえき】 1. epidemic

History:

4.	A 2018-11-01 01:41:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	I agree. I'll split it.
	Diff:	@@ -7,3 +6,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>はやり病</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -12,4 +8,0 @@ -<re_restr>流行病</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>はやりやまい</reb>
3.	A* 2018-10-31 18:19:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	According to daijr/s 流行り病 is always written with okurigana. I think it should be a separate entry.
2.	A 2010-07-26 06:50:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-07-25 23:13:50 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj
	Comments:	merging in scott's addition 2563030
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>はやり病</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +12,4 @@ +<re_restr>流行病</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>はやりやまい</reb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1982090 Active (id: 2218922)
豆知識 [spec1] ；マメ知識；まめ知識 [sK]
【まめちしき [spec1] 】

1.

[n]
▶ trivia
▶ snippet of knowledge

History:

5.	A 2023-01-13 12:49:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -15,0 +17 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4.	A 2023-01-13 11:05:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-01-12 21:08:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	spec1? Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 豆知識　　 │ 1,283,673 │ 79.4% │ │ マメ知識　 │ 198,506 │ 12.3% │ - adding │ まめ知識　 │ 118,999 │ 7.4% │ - adding │ 豆智識　　 │ 24 │ 0.0% │ │ まめちしき │ 14,791 │ 0.9% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,7 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>マメ知識</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>まめ知識</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2018-11-01 00:42:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 16:54:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>bits of knowledge</gloss> +<gloss>snippet of knowledge</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2096170 Active (id: 1989977)
京ことば；京言葉；京詞
【きょうことば】

1.

[n]
▶ Kyoto dialect
▶ Kyoto accent

History:

3.	A 2018-11-01 00:42:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2018-10-31 19:47:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daijr
	Comments:	Only one sense here.
	Diff:	@@ -18,6 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>Kyoto pronunciation</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -24,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>Kyoto accent</gloss>
1.	A 2006-08-08 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2102670 Active (id: 1989958)
音頭をとる；音頭を取る
【おんどをとる】

1.

[exp,v5r]
▶ to take the lead (of a group of people)
▶ to lead (a toast, cheer, etc.)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1183980 音頭【おんど】 1. lead (in a cheer, toast, song, etc.); (someone's) lead

2.

[exp,v5r]
▶ to sing the leading notes of a song after which others join in

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2018-10-31 22:18:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-10-31 21:40:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5
	Comments:	I think it's worth having the original meaning as a separate sense.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,7 @@ -<gloss>to lead a group of people</gloss> +<gloss>to take the lead (of a group of people)</gloss> +<gloss>to lead (a toast, cheer, etc.)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<gloss>to sing the leading notes of a song after which others join in</gloss>
4.	A 2015-11-06 06:44:02 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2015-11-05 11:52:19 luce
	Refs:	n-grams 音頭を取って 443 音頭をとって 853
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>音頭をとる</keb> +</k_ele>
2.	A 2010-11-13 02:06:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2006-10-03 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2266330 Active (id: 1996998)
ビン南語；ミン南語；閩南語
【ビンなんご (ビン南語, 閩南語)；ミンなんご (ミン南語, 閩南語) 】

1.

[n]
▶ Southern Min
▶ Minnan
▶ [expl] southern branch of Min Chinese

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2838094 ビン語【ビンご】 1. Min Chinese (language); Min

History:

7.	A 2019-02-10 09:08:51 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25,2 @@ -<gloss>Min Nan</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2838094">ビン語・ビンご</xref> +<gloss>Southern Min</gloss> @@ -27 +28 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">southern branch of the Min Chinese</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">southern branch of Min Chinese</gloss>
6.	A 2019-02-10 08:07:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2019-02-09 23:02:03
	Diff:	@@ -27 +27 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">southern branch of the Min Chinese topolect, spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, etc.</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">southern branch of the Min Chinese</gloss>
4.	A 2018-11-01 01:09:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min ＫＯＤ追加語彙
	Comments:	I think this is more accurate.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>閩南語</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -12,0 +16 @@ +<re_restr>閩南語</re_restr> @@ -16,0 +21 @@ +<re_restr>閩南語</re_restr> @@ -20 +25,3 @@ -<gloss>Min Nan (dialect of Chinese)</gloss> +<gloss>Min Nan</gloss> +<gloss>Minnan</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">southern branch of the Min Chinese topolect, spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, etc.</gloss>
3.	A* 2018-10-31 23:14:00
	Comments:	Taiwanese is a separate language, not a dialect of Chinese.
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>Min Nan (dialect of Chinese, incl. Taiwanese)</gloss> +<gloss>Min Nan (dialect of Chinese)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2014-11-24 20:46:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>Min Nan (dialect of Chinese, inc. Taiwanese)</gloss> +<gloss>Min Nan (dialect of Chinese, incl. Taiwanese)</gloss>
1.	A 2008-04-01 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2407080 Active (id: 1989926)
音頭取り
【おんどとり】

1.	[n] ▶ taking the lead ▶ leadership ▶ leader ▶ pacemaker
2.	[n] ▶ chorus leader

History:

4.	A 2018-10-31 11:19:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I meant to go with this gloss.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>pacesetter</gloss> +<gloss>pacemaker</gloss>
3.	A 2018-10-31 02:36:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2018-10-30 19:53:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, prog, daij
	Comments:	I don't think "forward planning" is right.
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>forward planning</gloss> -<gloss>planning</gloss> -<gloss>planner</gloss> +<gloss>taking the lead</gloss> +<gloss>leadership</gloss> @@ -15,0 +15,5 @@ +<gloss>pacesetter</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>chorus leader</gloss>
1.	A 2008-09-23 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2555880 Active (id: 1989920)
砂漠化
【さばくか】

1.

[n,vs]
▶ desertification

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2018-10-31 03:10:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	But it is a vs, right?
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos>
6.	A 2018-10-31 02:35:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-10-30 19:02:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	No need for a separate [vs] sense here (or the x-ref).
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1593800">砂漠</xref> @@ -15,4 +13,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<gloss>to turn to desert</gloss> -</sense>
4.	A 2010-08-24 18:15:14 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Given the current flood of entries I'm going to self-approve this.
3.	A* 2010-08-22 07:48:22 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Oh what the heck, might as well split by PoS.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -15,0 +14,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&vs;</pos>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2010-08-22 07:47:27 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -14,0 +15,1 @@ +<gloss>to turn to desert</gloss>
1.	A 2010-07-05 23:20:46 Salvador Alvarez
	Refs:	http://eow.alc.co.jp/desertification/UTF-8/ http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/砂漠化

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2676640 Rejected (id: 2000107)

バルカロール

1.

[n] Source lang: fre "barcarolle"
▶ barcarolle
▶ barcarole

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2836938 バルカローラ 1. barcarolle; barcarole
	⇐ see: 1333200 舟歌【ふなうた】 2. barcarolle

History:

7.	R 2019-03-09 22:26:44 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Rejecting. Duplicates first gloss.
6.	A* 2019-03-09 22:09:09 Adrien Jalabert
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="fre"/> +<lsource xml:lang="fre">barcarolle</lsource>
5.	A 2018-10-31 11:24:00 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>bacarolle</gloss> +<gloss>barcarolle</gloss>
4.	A 2018-10-31 02:45:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcarolle
	Comments:	OK. I'll split them.
	Diff:	@@ -7,3 +6,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>バルカローラ</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -12,3 +9,4 @@ -<s_inf>バルカロール is from the French "barcarolle"; バルカローラ is from the Italian "barcarola"</s_inf> -<gloss>bacarole</gloss> -<gloss>barcarolle</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2836938">バルカローラ</xref> +<lsource xml:lang="fre"/> +<gloss>bacarolle</gloss> +<gloss>barcarole</gloss>
3.	A* 2018-10-30 20:55:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think forms that derive from different languages should be merged. Having them as separate entries means you get to use the lsrc tags.
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-01-10 11:09:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Pity it's a bit wordy.
1.	A* 2012-01-10 06:53:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	no idea what the standard is for these being merged when they're from different languages

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2676640 Active (id: 2226408)

バルカロール

1.

[n] {music} Source lang: fre
▶ barcarolle
▶ barcarole

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2836938 バルカローラ 1. barcarolle; barcarole
	⇐ see: 2857695 バルカローレ 1. barcarolle; barcarole
	⇐ see: 1333200 舟歌【ふなうた】 2. barcarolle

History:

6.	A 2023-03-25 08:23:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<field>&music;</field>
5.	A 2018-10-31 11:24:00 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>bacarolle</gloss> +<gloss>barcarolle</gloss>
4.	A 2018-10-31 02:45:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcarolle
	Comments:	OK. I'll split them.
	Diff:	@@ -7,3 +6,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>バルカローラ</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -12,3 +9,4 @@ -<s_inf>バルカロール is from the French "barcarolle"; バルカローラ is from the Italian "barcarola"</s_inf> -<gloss>bacarole</gloss> -<gloss>barcarolle</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2836938">バルカローラ</xref> +<lsource xml:lang="fre"/> +<gloss>bacarolle</gloss> +<gloss>barcarole</gloss>
3.	A* 2018-10-30 20:55:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think forms that derive from different languages should be merged. Having them as separate entries means you get to use the lsrc tags.
2.	A 2012-01-10 11:09:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Pity it's a bit wordy.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-01-10 06:53:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	no idea what the standard is for these being merged when they're from different languages

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836832 Deleted (id: 1991029)
２年縛り；二年縛り
【にねんしばり】

1.

[n]
▶ automatically-renewing 2-year smartphone contract (with limited cancellation window and high early cancellation fees)

History:

11.	D 2018-11-18 06:46:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Well, the additional sense for 縛り has been approved, so this can go.
10.	D* 2018-11-16 05:52:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/縛り_(携帯電話)
	Comments:	I've come around to Robin's position on this one, and proposed an extra sense to the 縛り entry. I think it will work OK.
9.	A* 2018-10-31 23:06:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/237467 "携帯「縛り」に規制を　新規会社が要望、総務省特別委で"
	Comments:	How about using the same gloss but without "2-year"? I would maybe change it to "form of automatically-renewing mobile phone contract with a limited cancellation window and high early cancellation fees". We could add a note like "usu. as 2年縛り or 4年縛り". Given that it's not always in the form "2年縛り", I think this is a better approach.
8.	A* 2018-10-31 04:06:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't see how anything meaningful can be added to 縛り which would help someone decode ２年縛り satisfactorily. It's really a very elliptical term.
7.	A* 2018-10-25 23:17:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/縛り_(携帯電話)
	Comments:	Can't we just add a sense to 縛り? This looks like a pretty odd entry to me. There's also 4年縛り.
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2018-10-25 06:14:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I was trying to stop it being encyclopaedic.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>automatically-renewing 2-year smartphone contract (with high early cancellation fees)</gloss> +<gloss>automatically-renewing 2-year smartphone contract (with limited cancellation window and high early cancellation fees)</gloss>
5.	A* 2018-10-24 03:35:24 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's better, but the most egregious point about these contracts is that you will be hit with cancellation fees even after 2 years have passed - the "no-fee cancellation period" only lasts 1 or 2 months and only occurs once every 2 years, and if you miss that window, you still have to pay the cancellation fees.
4.	A* 2018-10-24 02:56:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	How's this?
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>automatically-renewing 2-year smartphone contract</gloss> +<gloss>automatically-renewing 2-year smartphone contract (with high early cancellation fees)</gloss>
3.	A* 2018-10-20 01:27:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.sankei.com/smp/premium/news/16 0214/prm1602140030-s.html また、途中解約に約１万円の違約金がかかる「２年縛り」の抜本改善は先送りされたままだ。 https://www.asahi.com/sp/articles/ASL825DW 1L82ULFA021.html スマートフォンを２年間契約することを条件に月々の通信料金を割り引く「２年縛り」プランについて、ＮＴＴドコモの吉沢和弘社長は２日、見直すことを表明した。現在は違約金なしで解約できるのは２５カ月目と２６カ月目の２カ月間だが、２４カ月目も含めて３カ月間に拡大させる。
	Comments:	I kind of think they are. This isn't an official term in the sense that docomo, softbank, etc. use it to describe their products but a term used by the media as well as the kantei and various government agencies (see google for site:go.jp ２年縛り). The specific issue the kantei have with these contracts are the draconian cancellation fees.
2.	A 2018-10-20 01:08:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think the cancellation details are needed.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>automatically renewing 2 year smartphone contract (that can only be cancelled without costly penalties for a limited period every 2 years)</gloss> +<gloss>automatically-renewing 2-year smartphone contract</gloss>
1.	A* 2018-10-20 00:46:38 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	g ng 年縛り 7802 chiezo mini http://www.asahi.com/sp/ajw/articles/AJ201 807120052.html
	Comments:	Perhaps a little clunky.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836936 Active (id: 1989914)
半大統領制
【はんだいとうりょうせい】

1.

[n]
▶ semi-presidential system
▶ dual executive system

History:

2.	A 2018-10-31 02:37:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-30 20:36:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs, jwiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-presidential_system

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836937 Active (id: 1989919)
睡魔に襲われる
【すいまにおそわれる】

1.

[exp,v1] [id]
▶ to be extremely sleepy
▶ to be at the brink of falling asleep

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2018-10-31 02:52:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 & 中辞典 too.
1.	A* 2018-10-31 01:52:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij 睡魔 entries both have this as their only example

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836938 Active (id: 2226409)

バルカローラ

1.

[n] {music} Source lang: ita "barcarola"
▶ barcarolle
▶ barcarole

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2676640 バルカロール 1. barcarolle; barcarole

History:

2.	A 2023-03-25 08:24:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2676640">バルカロール</xref> +<field>&music;</field>
1.	A 2018-10-31 02:42:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting from 2676640.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836939 Active (id: 2157848)
成すべき；なす可き
【なすべき】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ should do
▶ ought to do
▶ must do

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1006200 【すべき】 1. should do; ought to do

History:

3.	A 2021-11-11 23:38:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1006200">す可き・すべき</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1006200">すべき</xref>
2.	A 2018-12-01 08:38:44 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 04:31:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	成すべき 19482 なす可き < 20 (a few WWW hits) なすべき 198539
	Comments:	This may be a bit of a long shot, but I think it would be useful to have an entry for なすべき. I realise it's "just" 成す+可き, but it's common and although we already have an entry for なすべきこと, which is probably the most common usage, it's found in lots of other contexts such as なすべきでしょう, なすべきか, なすべきもの, なすべき仕事, なすべき任務, なすべき時, etc. (examples from GG5 and Tanaka)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836940 Active (id: 1989957)
駐韓
【ちゅうかん】

1.

[adj-no]
▶ stationed in South Korea
▶ resident in South Korea

History:

2.	A 2018-10-31 22:17:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 13:53:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 17276
	Comments:	I think it's worth adding. 駐韓米軍 and 駐韓大使 are common terms.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836941 Active (id: 1990177)
言葉を紡ぐ；言葉をつむぐ
【ことばをつむぐ】

1.

[exp,v5g] [poet]
▶ to express in a refined fashion
▶ to weave a web of words

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2018-11-04 02:40:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-11-01 05:34:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	実用日本語表現辞典 : 綿糸や絹糸から糸をつむぐように、言葉を選んで文章を作ること。言葉を紡ぐ 19940 言葉をつむぐ 1979 ことばをつむぐ 223 話を紡ぐ 259 物語を紡ぐ 5940 ストーリーを紡ぐ 482
	Comments:	This expression using a very figurative sense of 紡ぐ which is not in GG5 or my other JEs. While it is in our 紡ぐ entry, I wouldn't be sure how to use it, and I wouldn't think of 言葉を紡ぐ as being probably the most common form using it. I think it's worth having as an entry.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>to speak</gloss> +<gloss>to express in a refined fashion</gloss> +<gloss>to weave a web of words</gloss>
2.	A* 2018-10-31 19:52:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo ex: "言葉を紡いで詩を作る"
	Comments:	Not just speaking. This usage is covered in the 紡ぐ entry. Do we need a separate entry for this particular expression?
1.	A* 2018-10-31 13:56:27
	Refs:	https://www.weblio.jp/content/言葉を紡ぐ http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=言葉を紡ぐ
	Comments:	「息も整わないうちから、途切れがちに言葉を紡いだ。」

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836942 Deleted (id: 2006811)
何がどうなっているのか；何がどうなってるのか
【なにがどうなっているのか (何がどうなっているのか)；なにがどうなってるのか (何がどうなってるのか) 】

1.

[exp]
▶ what is going on?
▶ what is happening?

History:

4.	D 2019-05-13 01:49:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
3.	D* 2019-05-12 09:16:33 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	何がどうなっているのか No matches 何がどうなってるのか No matches 何がどうなっているか No matches 何がどうなってるか 1188 (length issue with the ngrams?)
	Comments:	I don't think this should be an entry. There are too many variations on this phrase, none all that much more common than the others. It'd be better as an example sentence.
2.	A 2018-11-01 03:18:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 example too.
	Comments:	Almost as common (stretching 2/3 rule.)
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>何がどうなってるのか</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,5 @@ +<re_restr>何がどうなっているのか</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>なにがどうなってるのか</reb> +<re_restr>何がどうなってるのか</re_restr> @@ -12,2 +20,2 @@ -<gloss>what is going on</gloss> -<gloss>what is happening</gloss> +<gloss>what is going on?</gloss> +<gloss>what is happening?</gloss>
1.	A* 2018-10-31 14:16:28
	Refs:	https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=何がどう
	Comments:	「おい、響！　一体何がどうなってるんだ？」

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2836943 Active (id: 1990072)
質の高い
【しつのたかい】

1.

[exp,adj-f]
▶ high quality

History:

4.	A 2018-11-02 05:15:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-11-01 11:12:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 質の高い 766383 質の高かった 83
	Comments:	Doesn't conjugate.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
2.	A 2018-11-01 03:27:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ＫＯＤ追加語彙, リーダーズ+プラス, GG5 example, Tanaka sentence
	Comments:	V common. We have 質の悪い and 質の良い already.
1.	A* 2018-10-31 14:54:16
	Refs:	http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=質の高い

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

Search \| Advanced Search \| New Entry \| Submissions \| Help	wsgi/DB=jmdict

If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

9.	D 2019-10-09 01:09:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just adding a note that there were still about 240 Tanaka sentences indexed to this entry. I've changed them to 違いない.
8.	D 2018-10-31 03:56:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	One week on and no further comment. I'll approve the deletion.
7.	D* 2018-10-24 02:42:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	違いない 2351291 に違いない 2123745
	Comments:	I agree that there's really not a case for having both 違いない and に違いない as entries.
6.	A* 2018-10-20 22:18:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
5.	A 2018-10-20 22:18:40 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	close and reopen to clean up the queue. see previous comments
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2018-10-13 14:05:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Good points. It's something I'd like to discuss when I get back from travelling.
3.	A* 2018-10-09 06:08:41 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	違いない is already an entry and I've suggested adding a note saying it's often "にちがいない". I feel an antipathy for entries that start with a particle that really are part of the preceding subject and even if it's not a policy, it's something we do already avoid in most cases. If we ever need to include entries like these, I think the criteria for inclusion shouldn't be how common the expression is, but rather whether the pared down entry (e.g. 違いない in this case) provides all the user might need to understand the expression or not. In this case, に違いない and 違いない are essentially the same entry so this doesn't seem necessary at all, to me.
2.	A 2016-11-03 05:31:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 05:10:14 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: に違いない 2123745 にちがいない 194087
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary Database

Entries