JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1167070 Active (id: 1964628)
一矢 [news2,nf29]
【いっし [news2,nf29] 】

1.

[n]
▶ an arrow

2.

[n]
▶ a retort

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1858910 一矢を報いる 1. to retaliate; to return a blow; to strike back (at); to retort

History:

2.	A 2017-11-29 06:02:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-28 22:11:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting. The kokugos only have sense 1. Not [n-adv].
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> @@ -18 +17,5 @@ -<gloss>(a) retort</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1858910">一矢を報いる</xref> +<gloss>a retort</gloss>

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jmdict 1199970 Active (id: 1964626)
快い [ichi1,news1,nf22] ；心良い [iK]
【こころよい [ichi1,news1,nf22] 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ pleasant
▶ agreeable
▶ comfortable
▶ refreshing

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2017-11-29 05:51:43 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
4.	A* 2017-11-28 22:20:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	In daijr, 心良い only applies to an archaic sense we don't give here. Also, according to meikyo, "「心よい」の意だが、「心良い」「心好い」などとしない". I suggest we either drop it or add [iK]. It gets quite a lot of use online but it's not considered "correct".
3.	A 2017-11-28 05:12:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-11-28 05:09:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>心良い</keb>
1.	A* 2017-11-28 00:25:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,2 @@ +<gloss>comfortable</gloss> +<gloss>refreshing</gloss>

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jmdict 1252710 Active (id: 2160460)
軽視 [ichi1,news1,nf17]
【けいし [ichi1,news1,nf17] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ making light of
▶ thinking little of
▶ slighting
▶ belittling
▶ dismissing
▶ contempt
▶ disdain

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2021-11-18 00:44:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
4.	A 2017-11-29 06:03:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-11-28 21:33:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	Removed verb glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -20,3 +20,4 @@ -<gloss>slight</gloss> -<gloss>ignore</gloss> -<gloss>neglect</gloss> +<gloss>thinking little of</gloss> +<gloss>slighting</gloss> +<gloss>belittling</gloss> +<gloss>dismissing</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-21 06:51:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +24,1 @@ +<gloss>disdain</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-21 06:24:01 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	daijs, prog, 新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -19,1 +19,1 @@ -<gloss>despise</gloss> +<gloss>making light of</gloss> @@ -23,0 +23,1 @@ +<gloss>contempt</gloss>

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jmdict 1291060 Active (id: 2272383)
左翼 [ichi1,news1,nf05]
【さよく [ichi1,news1,nf05] ；サヨク [sk] 】

1.

[n,adj-no]
▶ left wing (politics)

Cross references:
	⇔ ant: 1171270 右翼 1. right wing (politics)
	⇐ see: 2835261 バカサヨ 1. stupid left-winger
	⇐ see: 2835260 パヨク 1. the left (wing); left-winger; leftist

2.

[n]
▶ left wing (of a bird or aircraft)

3.

[n]
▶ left wing (of an army, building, etc.)
▶ left flank

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1145840 レフト 2. left field; left fielder

4.

[n] {baseball}
▶ left field
▶ left fielder

5.

[n] {sports}
▶ left wing (in soccer, rugby, etc.)

History:

6.	A 2023-07-02 06:34:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-07-01 23:57:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Style alignment.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -24 +24 @@ -<gloss>left-wing (politics)</gloss> +<gloss>left wing (politics)</gloss> @@ -28 +28,5 @@ -<gloss>left wing (of a bird, aircraft, formation, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>left wing (of a bird or aircraft)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>left wing (of an army, building, etc.)</gloss> @@ -34,0 +39,6 @@ +<gloss>left fielder</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&sports;</field> +<gloss>left wing (in soccer, rugby, etc.)</gloss>
4.	A 2017-11-29 06:07:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-11-28 22:45:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	Added senses.
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26,10 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>left wing (of a bird, aircraft, formation, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>left flank</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&baseb;</field> +<gloss>left field</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2016-10-14 08:09:06 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2016-10-08 01:08:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 左翼 797792 さよく 11444 サヨク 150560
	Comments:	I think サヨク is common enough to add. Aligning the gloss with 右翼.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>サヨク</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -20,2 +24 @@ -<xref type="ant" seq="1171270">右翼・2</xref> -<gloss>left-wing</gloss> +<gloss>left-wing (politics)</gloss>

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jmdict 1331000 Active (id: 2284726)
収斂 [news2,nf46] ；収れん
【しゅうれん [news2,nf46] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ astringency
▶ constriction
▶ contraction

2.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ collecting (e.g. opinions)
▶ putting together
▶ summarizing

3.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ collection (of taxes)

4.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ convergence (of light)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1330750 収束 4. focusing (e.g. light); convergence

5.

[n,vs,vi] {mathematics}
▶ convergence

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1330750 収束 3. convergence

6.

[n,vs,vi] {biology}
▶ convergence

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2441700 収斂進化 1. convergent evolution

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2023-11-30 01:25:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This is what meikyo says.
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -27,0 +29 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -37 +39 @@ -<gloss>extraction (of taxes)</gloss> +<gloss>collection (of taxes)</gloss>
6.	A 2023-11-28 10:35:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	収斂して 17356 を収斂して 407 に収斂して 9442
	Comments:	I suspect it's mostly vi.
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -26,0 +28 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -33,0 +36 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -38,0 +42 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -44,0 +49 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -51,0 +57 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
5.	A* 2023-11-28 02:14:31 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	vi in mk, some senses vt
4.	A 2017-12-16 10:07:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-12-15 20:28:01 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	changing to just "convergence", with 収斂進化 remaining as "convergent evolution"
	Diff:	@@ -54 +54 @@ -<gloss>convergent evolution</gloss> +<gloss>convergence</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2017-11-29 06:09:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-28 00:05:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5
	Comments:	Added senses.
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21,9 @@ +<gloss>constriction</gloss> +<gloss>contraction</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>collecting (e.g. opinions)</gloss> +<gloss>putting together</gloss> +<gloss>summarizing</gloss> @@ -29,0 +39,8 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1330750">収束・4</xref> +<gloss>convergence (of light)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1330750">収束・3</xref> +<field>&math;</field> @@ -31 +48,7 @@ -<gloss>contraction</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2441700">収斂進化</xref> +<field>&biol;</field> +<gloss>convergent evolution</gloss>

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jmdict 1398340 Active (id: 2162724)
創業 [news1,nf07]
【そうぎょう [news1,nf07] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ establishment (of a business)
▶ founding

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-18 01:08:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2017-11-30 04:58:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 17:19:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	I don't think the "etc." is necessary. Could imply that the word is used for organisations, universities, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>establishment (of a business, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>establishment (of a business)</gloss> +<gloss>founding</gloss>

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jmdict 1400960 Active (id: 1964637)
相似 [spec2,news2,nf46]
【そうじ [spec2,news2,nf46] 】

1.

[n,vs]
▶ resemblance
▶ likeness
▶ similitude

2.

[n,adj-na,adj-no] {mathematics}
▶ similarity

3.

[n] {biology}
▶ analogy

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2234150 相同 1. homology

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2017-11-29 06:17:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-11-27 23:35:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5, WWW hits
	Comments:	Fixing PoS tags.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -20 +18,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -28 +25,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -35,3 +31,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1.	A 2013-01-10 10:59:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -30,1 +30,2 @@ -<gloss>(mathematical) similarity</gloss> +<field>&math;</field> +<gloss>similarity</gloss> @@ -38,1 +39,2 @@ -<gloss>(biological) analogy</gloss> +<field>&biol;</field> +<gloss>analogy</gloss>

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jmdict 1403150 Active (id: 2162711)
増援 [news2,nf39]
【ぞうえん [news2,nf39] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ reinforcement (e.g. of troops)

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-18 01:08:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A 2017-11-30 22:03:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 12:09:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not the act of strengthening.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>reinforcement</gloss> +<gloss>reinforcement (e.g. of troops)</gloss>

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jmdict 1416570 Active (id: 2163036)
脱退 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
【だったい [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ withdrawal (e.g. from an organization)
▶ secession
▶ leaving
▶ pulling out

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-18 01:11:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2017-12-01 06:18:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 13:05:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	I think "withdrawal" is the best gloss to lead with.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>withdrawal (e.g. from an organization)</gloss> @@ -20,2 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>retirement</gloss> -<gloss>withdrawal (e.g. from a lawsuit)</gloss> +<gloss>leaving</gloss> +<gloss>pulling out</gloss>

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jmdict 1472060 Active (id: 2164179)
廃業 [news1,nf22]
【はいぎょう [news1,nf22] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ discontinuation (of business)
▶ closing down
▶ giving up (one's practice)
▶ retiring

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-18 01:23:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2017-12-01 23:59:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 17:32:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	Not just business.
	Diff:	@@ -17,2 +17,4 @@ -<gloss>cessation of business</gloss> -<gloss>discontinuation of business</gloss> +<gloss>discontinuation (of business)</gloss> +<gloss>closing down</gloss> +<gloss>giving up (one's practice)</gloss> +<gloss>retiring</gloss>

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jmdict 1605710 Active (id: 1964726)
幽々；幽幽
【ゆうゆう】

1.

[adj-t,adv-to]
▶ deep
▶ dark

History:

2.	A 2017-12-01 04:52:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 13:08:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: "奥深く暗いさま" koj: "奥深いさま。暗いさま"
	Comments:	I'm not seeing "quiet".
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>quiet</gloss>

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jmdict 1638770 Active (id: 1964732)
航空郵便
【こうくうゆうびん】

1.

[n]
▶ airmail
▶ air mail

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1281360 航空便【こうくうびん】 1. airmail; air mail
	⇐ see: 1027510 エアメール 1. airmail; air mail

History:

2.	A 2017-12-01 07:20:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 17:42:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	"Air transport" is too vague. Not in the JEs.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>air transport</gloss> +<gloss>air mail</gloss>

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jmdict 1682200 Active (id: 1964660)
金城鉄壁
【きんじょうてっぺき】

1.	[n] [yoji] ▶ impregnable castle (walls)
2.	[adj-no] [yoji] ▶ impregnable ▶ invulnerable ▶ unassailable

History:

3.	A 2017-11-30 04:46:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-11-29 17:28:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: "金城鉄壁の構え" daijs: "金城鉄壁の内野守備" prog: "金城鉄壁のチーム"
	Comments:	Only one sense in the kokugos but I think this approach is clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14,7 @@ -<gloss>redoubtable</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<misc>&yoji;</misc> +<gloss>impregnable</gloss> +<gloss>invulnerable</gloss> +<gloss>unassailable</gloss>
1.	A 2014-08-25 01:31:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Kanji Haitani list
	Comments:	Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>

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jmdict 1689640 Active (id: 2194806)
配剤
【はいざい】

1.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ compounding of medicine ▶ dispensing (medicine)
2.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ dispensation (e.g. of heaven) ▶ providence ▶ combining ▶ arranging ▶ putting together

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2022-07-09 09:51:22 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -18,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A 2017-11-29 06:10:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-28 22:09:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Comments:	Splitting. Sense 2 is giving me a bit of trouble because the definition is quite broad ("ほどよく取り合わせること") but all the kokugos have the same example sentence: "天の配剤".
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14,10 @@ -<gloss>dispostion (of heaven)</gloss> +<gloss>dispensing (medicine)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>dispensation (e.g. of heaven)</gloss> +<gloss>providence</gloss> +<gloss>combining</gloss> +<gloss>arranging</gloss> +<gloss>putting together</gloss>

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jmdict 1689850 Active (id: 1964658)
飛行便
【ひこうびん】

1.

[n]
▶ flight
▶ air service

History:

3.	A 2017-11-30 04:45:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-11-29 17:40:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Or rather, "flight" is translated as "飛行便".
1.	A* 2017-11-29 17:38:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, eij
	Comments:	I don't think this means "airmail". All the Eijiro examples translate it as "flight".
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>airmail</gloss> +<gloss>flight</gloss> +<gloss>air service</gloss>

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jmdict 1717290 Active (id: 2163173)
築庭
【ちくてい】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ landscape gardening

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1818750 造園 1. landscape gardening; landscape architecture

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2021-11-18 01:13:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
1.	A 2017-11-29 12:06:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1818750">造園</xref>

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jmdict 1818750 Active (id: 2162710)
造園 [news2,nf25] ；造苑
【ぞうえん [news2,nf25] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ landscape gardening
▶ landscape architecture

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2088900 作庭【さくてい】 1. creating a garden; landscape gardening
	⇐ see: 1717290 築庭【ちくてい】 1. landscape gardening

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2021-11-18 01:08:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
4.	A 2020-01-04 19:10:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2020-01-04 09:59:24 Timofei Shatrov <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	造苑 listed as alternative form here https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/造園 https://www.google.com/search?lr=lang_ja&q="造苑され"
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>造苑</keb> @@ -15,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos>
2.	A 2017-11-30 04:46:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 16:20:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecture
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss>landscape architecture</gloss>

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jmdict 1858910 Active (id: 2287106)
一矢を報いる
【いっしをむくいる】

1.

[exp,v1] [id]
▶ to retaliate
▶ to return a blow
▶ to strike back (at)
▶ to retort

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1167070 一矢【いっし】 2. a retort

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2024-01-02 10:49:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>to strike back at</gloss> +<gloss>to strike back (at)</gloss>
4.	A 2017-12-04 08:24:23 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
3.	A 2017-12-01 22:34:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-11-29 16:34:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@ +<gloss>to strike back at</gloss> +<gloss>to retort</gloss>
1.	A 2010-11-23 05:04:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v1;</pos>

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jmdict 1876480 Active (id: 1964635)
快く
【こころよく】

1.	[adv] ▶ comfortably ▶ pleasantly ▶ cheerfully
2.	[adv] ▶ willingly ▶ gladly ▶ readily ▶ with pleasure ▶ with good grace

History:

2.	A 2017-11-29 06:11:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-28 00:38:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	The kokugos treat these as separate senses for 快い so I think we should do the same here.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>pleasantly</gloss> @@ -13,0 +15,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -15,0 +20,3 @@ +<gloss>readily</gloss> +<gloss>with pleasure</gloss> +<gloss>with good grace</gloss>

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jmdict 2017850 Active (id: 1964793)
糧；粮
【かて；りょう；かりて [ok] 】

1.

[n]
▶ food
▶ provisions

2.

(かて only) [n]
▶ nourishment (mental, spiritual, etc.)
▶ sustenance (e.g. of one's life)
▶ source of encouragement

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2858092 生きる糧【いきるかて】 1. source of vitality; life sustenance

History:

7.	A 2017-12-02 00:11:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2017-11-29 16:28:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	Trying to make sense 2 a little clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -28 +28,2 @@ -<gloss>nourishment</gloss> +<gloss>nourishment (mental, spiritual, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>sustenance (e.g. of one's life)</gloss>
5.	A 2013-03-04 23:37:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-03-04 07:42:51 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, 新和英中辞典, prog
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +25,6 @@ +<sense> +<stagr>かて</stagr> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>nourishment</gloss> +<gloss>source of encouragement</gloss> +</sense>
3.	A 2012-10-25 03:26:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2012-10-23 11:21:33 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>粮</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +12,7 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>りょう</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>かりて</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
1.	A 2004-03-30 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2058630 Active (id: 2151334)

サバゲ；サバゲー

1.

[n] [abbr]
▶ airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2498220 サバイバルゲーム 1. airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets)

History:

7.	A 2021-10-13 10:45:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -14,2 +14 @@ -<gloss>airsoft</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">war game using air guns firing plastic pellets</gloss> +<gloss>airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets)</gloss>
6.	A 2020-09-07 20:08:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	サバゲ 41808 サバゲー 37852
5.	A* 2020-09-07 18:18:48
	Refs:	http://www.hyperdouraku.com/survivalgame/ サバゲー、サバゲとも略します。
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>サバゲー</reb>
4.	A 2017-12-02 22:38:05 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>war game using air guns firing plastic pellets</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">war game using air guns firing plastic pellets</gloss>
3.	A 2017-12-01 21:53:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>war game using air guns firing pigmented pellets</gloss> +<gloss>war game using air guns firing plastic pellets</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2017-11-29 05:12:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning with 2498220.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2498220">サバイバルゲーム・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2498220">サバイバルゲーム・1</xref> @@ -10 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>survival game</gloss> +<gloss>airsoft</gloss> +<gloss>war game using air guns firing pigmented pellets</gloss>
1.	A 2005-07-13 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2080020 Active (id: 1966187)
どら焼き；ドラ焼き；どら焼；ドラ焼；銅鑼焼き；銅鑼焼
【どらやき (どら焼き, どら焼, 銅鑼焼き, 銅鑼焼)；ドラやき (ドラ焼き, ドラ焼)；ドラヤキ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ dorayaki
▶ [expl] dessert sandwich of two small sweet pancakes and red bean paste

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1610570 餡こ【あんこ】 1. red bean paste; red bean jam; anko

History:

10.	A 2017-12-17 13:49:22 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: どら焼きを 23496 ドラ焼きを 5264 どら焼を 1413 ドラ焼を 267 銅鑼焼きを 72 銅鑼焼を 35 どらやきを 4152 ドラやきを 418 ドラヤキを 435
	Comments:	covering all possibilities
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ドラ焼</keb> @@ -28,0 +32,5 @@ +<re_restr>ドラ焼</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドラヤキ</reb> +<re_nokanji/>
9.	A 2017-12-07 12:57:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2017-12-01 06:17:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't much like the "castella (sponge cake) patties". I know the Wikipedia page has "pancake-like patties", but to me they are really just sweet pancakes. Tsuji's authoritative "Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art" has "a sandwich of two small pancakes". Most of the many recipes you can find online just refer to them as pancakes. "Patties" sound odd to me for something sweet.
	Diff:	@@ -31,0 +32 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1610570">餡こ・あんこ・1</xref> @@ -34 +35 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">dessert made of two castella (sponge cake) patties and red bean jam</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">dessert sandwich of two small sweet pancakes and red bean paste</gloss>
7.	A* 2017-11-29 11:56:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	WWW hits, jwiki
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ドラ焼き</keb> @@ -17,0 +21,8 @@ +<re_restr>どら焼き</re_restr> +<re_restr>どら焼</re_restr> +<re_restr>銅鑼焼き</re_restr> +<re_restr>銅鑼焼</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドラやき</reb> +<re_restr>ドラ焼き</re_restr> @@ -20,0 +32 @@ +<field>&food;</field>
6.	A 2017-01-16 10:18:19 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: どら焼き 318390 どら焼 42390 銅鑼焼き 1358 銅鑼焼 974
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<keb>どら焼</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -12,3 +14,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>どら焼</keb>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A 2017-01-16 10:16:19 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	カステラ entry wiki (sastella)
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">dessert made of two kasutera (sponge cake) patties and red bean jam</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">dessert made of two castella (sponge cake) patties and red bean jam</gloss>
4.	A 2017-01-16 09:52:36 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">dessert made of two patties of kasutera (sponge cake) and red bean jam</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">dessert made of two kasutera (sponge cake) patties and red bean jam</gloss>
3.	A 2017-01-16 09:39:35 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>Japanese dessert consisting of two slices of kasutera (sponge cake) with red bean jam in between</gloss> +<gloss>dorayaki</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">dessert made of two patties of kasutera (sponge cake) and red bean jam</gloss>
2.	A* 2017-01-16 04:25:00 Scott
	Refs:	koj daij gg5
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>銅鑼焼</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>どら焼</keb>
1.	A 2006-04-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2088900 Active (id: 1964714)
作庭
【さくてい】

1.

[n]
▶ creating a garden
▶ landscape gardening

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1818750 造園 1. landscape gardening; landscape architecture

History:

3.	A 2017-11-30 22:02:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-11-29 16:23:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs: "庭園を作ること。造園。"
	Comments:	Doesn't mean "gardener". I don't think it's obscure. I can find plenty of modern day usage.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<misc>&obsc;</misc> +<xref type="see" seq="1818750">造園</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1818750">造園</xref> @@ -14 +15 @@ -<gloss>gardener</gloss> +<gloss>landscape gardening</gloss>
1.	A 2006-07-09 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2472480 Active (id: 2289562)

パンチャー

1.

[n] {boxing}
▶ puncher
▶ boxer with a strong punch

2.

[n]
▶ hole punch

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1103220 パンチ 2. punching (a hole); hole punch

3.

[n] [abbr]
▶ keypuncher

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2470150 キーパンチャー 1. keypunch operator; keypuncher

History:

7.	A 2024-01-22 21:01:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,2 +9,2 @@ -<field>&sports;</field> -<gloss>puncher (boxing)</gloss> +<field>&boxing;</field> +<gloss>puncher</gloss>
6.	A 2017-12-13 07:22:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I liked Robin's version too.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<field>&sports;</field> @@ -9,0 +11 @@ +<gloss>boxer with a strong punch</gloss>
5.	A* 2017-11-30 05:02:26
	Refs:	https://deadspin.com/to-punch-a-puncher-1793001793
	Diff:	@@ -9,2 +9 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="eng">puncher</lsource> -<gloss>hard puncher</gloss> +<gloss>puncher (boxing)</gloss>
4.	A* 2017-11-30 04:46:55
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<gloss>boxer with a strong punch</gloss> +<gloss>hard puncher</gloss>
3.	A 2017-11-30 04:42:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2017-11-29 17:00:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5
	Comments:	Expanding.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9,13 @@ -<gloss>puncher</gloss> +<lsource xml:lang="eng">puncher</lsource> +<gloss>boxer with a strong punch</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1103220">パンチ・2</xref> +<gloss>hole punch</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2470150">キーパンチャー</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>keypuncher</gloss>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2498220 Active (id: 2151333)

サバイバルゲーム；サバイバル・ゲーム

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "survival game"
▶ airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2058630 サバゲ 1. airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets)

2.

[n]
▶ game of survival

History:

8.	A 2021-10-13 10:44:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not a Japanese concept.
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13 @@ -<gloss>airsoft</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">war game using air guns firing plastic pellets</gloss> +<gloss>airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets)</gloss>
7.	A 2017-12-01 21:52:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2017-11-30 22:27:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Airsoft has never been known by the name "survival game" but I don't know if this makes "survival game" a wasei term or not. Also, I'd go with "plastic" over "pigmented". They're not necessarily coloured. All the kokugos have at least two senses so I think we should keep sense 2. Could maybe give it a better gloss.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>war game using air guns firing pigmented pellets</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">war game using air guns firing plastic pellets</gloss>
5.	A* 2017-11-29 05:11:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 & ルミナス have "survival game". 中辞典 has "a war game using air guns firing pigmented pellets". Daijirin has 3 senses, and doesn't say it's wasei. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_game ("subgenre of action video games")
	Comments:	A friend in Japan plays "サバゲ" and it's definitely paintball stuff a la 中辞典, which I gather is what "airsoft" means. I suspect sense 2 can go, and perhaps the wasei flag could be replaced with "from survival game". The video game genre doesn't seem to apply here.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>war game using air guns firing pigmented pellets</gloss>
4.	A 2017-03-03 22:27:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2017-02-18 12:40:54 Robin Scott
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, www-images https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/サバイバルゲーム
	Comments:	Airsoft sense by far the most common. Not sure about the gloss for the second sense. Daijs has this example sentence: 不況下の企業のサバイバルゲーム
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,6 @@ -<gloss>survival game</gloss> +<lsource ls_wasei="y">survival game</lsource> +<gloss>airsoft</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>game of survival</gloss>
2.	A 2013-05-11 07:59:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>サバイバル・ゲーム</reb>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2833916 Active (id: 1964630)
集束レンズ；収束レンズ
【しゅうそくレンズ】

1.

[n]
▶ condenser lens
▶ converging lens

History:

2.	A 2017-11-29 06:03:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-27 23:15:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij, koj https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(optics)
	Comments:	daijr & koj have 集束レンズ; daijs has 収束レンズ. Same definition.

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jmdict 2833920 Active (id: 2183242)
百寿
【ひゃくじゅ】

1.

[n]
▶ centenarianism
▶ centenarian
▶ 100th birthday celebration

History:

4.	A 2022-04-11 00:38:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-04-10 18:38:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 https://www.x-memory.jp/glossary/manner/mnnr008.html "百寿は、賀寿（年祝）の一つで、「紀寿（きじゅ）」とも呼ばれ、数え年で100歳のこと、またその祝い（儀礼）をいいます。"
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>centenarianism</gloss> @@ -13 +14 @@ -<gloss>person at least 100 years old</gloss> +<gloss>100th birthday celebration</gloss>
2.	A 2017-11-29 06:14:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5 says it's "centenarianism".
1.	A* 2017-11-28 12:57:38 Todd Faulkner <...address hidden...>

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jmdict 2833921 Active (id: 1964627)
偶因論
【ぐういんろん】

1.

[n]
▶ occasionalism

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2224130 機会原因論 1. occasionalism

History:

2.	A 2017-11-29 05:54:45 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	britannica, daij (redir to 機会原因論)
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2224130">機会原因論</xref>
1.	A* 2017-11-28 14:42:07 huixing
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/偶因論-54813

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jmdict 2833922 Active (id: 1964696)
モノクローナル抗体
【モノクローナルこうたい】

1.

[n]
▶ monoclonal antibody

History:

2.	A 2017-11-30 20:54:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 08:30:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Very common and in all the refs.

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jmdict 2833923 Active (id: 1964666)
名園
【めいえん】

1.

[n]
▶ famous garden
▶ fine garden

History:

2.	A 2017-11-30 04:58:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 11:58:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij, koj

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jmdict 2833924 Active (id: 2106896)
合体字
【がったいじ】

1.

[n] {printing}
▶ ligature

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2107370 合字 1. ligature

History:

3.	A 2021-07-04 14:51:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>ligature (writing, typography)</gloss> +<field>&print;</field> +<gloss>ligature</gloss>
2.	A 2017-11-30 22:03:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-11-29 13:36:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr

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Search \| Advanced Search \| New Entry \| Submissions \| Help	wsgi/DB=jmdict

If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

1.	[n] {food, cooking} ▶ curried pilaf
2.	[n] {food, cooking} ▶ dry curry

6.	A 2017-11-29 06:07:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Since "dry curry" is a term in English, I don't think we can call it wasei (despite Daijirin doing so.)
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<lsource ls_wasei="y">dry curry</lsource>
5.	A* 2017-11-28 12:32:01 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	google images https://www.j-cast.com/2017/04/01294290.html?p=all from English Wikipedia: "Curries may be either 'dry' or 'wet'. Dry curries are cooked with very little liquid which is allowed to evaporate, leaving the other ingredients coated with the spice mixture. Wet curries contain significant amounts of sauce or gravy based on yoghurt, cream, coconut milk, coconut cream, legume purée, or broth."
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&food;</field> +<gloss>dry curry</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2013-09-01 23:39:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<field>&food;</field>
3.	A 2013-09-01 18:39:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,1 @@ -<lsource ls_wasei="y"/> -<gloss>dry curry</gloss> +<lsource ls_wasei="y">dry curry</lsource>
2.	A* 2013-09-01 09:23:21 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr
	Comments:	Add idiomatic gloss “curried pilaf”, mark as wasei.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<lsource ls_wasei="y"/> @@ -13,0 +14,1 @@ +<gloss>curried pilaf</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2013-05-11 09:28:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドライ・カレー</reb>

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