JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1166010 Active (id: 2166199)
一番乗り [news1,nf24] ；一番のり
【いちばんのり [news1,nf24] 】

1.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ first rider in a charge
2.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ first (person) to arrive

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2021-11-27 01:48:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2021-11-27 01:09:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Diff:	@@ -21,2 +21,7 @@ -<gloss>leader of a charge</gloss> -<gloss>first to arrive</gloss> +<gloss>first rider in a charge</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>first (person) to arrive</gloss>
3.	A 2021-11-25 06:39:48 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	3 senses in mk
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2017-01-10 04:40:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-09 18:01:48
	Refs:	n-grams 一番乗りだった 210 一番のりだった 32
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>一番のり</keb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1178620 Active (id: 1943562)
塩っぱい
【しょっぱい】

1.	[adj-i] [uk] ▶ salty
2.	[adj-i] [uk] ▶ calculating ▶ stingy
3.	[adj-i] [uk] ▶ scowling ▶ grimacing ▶ frowning
4.	[adj-i] [uk] ▶ hoarse
5.	[adj-i] [col,uk] 《orig. sumo term meaning "weak"》 ▶ inferior ▶ poor ▶ boring ▶ dull

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2017-01-26 09:43:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -37 +37 @@ -<s_inf>Originally a sumo term meaning "weak"</s_inf> +<s_inf>orig. sumo term meaning "weak"</s_inf>
5.	A* 2017-01-10 23:11:27 Mark
	Refs:	daijs
	Comments:	The "salty" sense definitely isn't slang.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<misc>&sl;</misc> @@ -33,0 +33,10 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<misc>&col;</misc> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>Originally a sumo term meaning "weak"</s_inf> +<gloss>inferior</gloss> +<gloss>poor</gloss> +<gloss>boring</gloss> +<gloss>dull</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2014-07-24 03:18:46 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2014-07-23 05:00:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams (30:1)
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -21,0 +24 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -27,0 +31 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2012-11-19 01:05:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-11-18 22:42:47 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs, daijr 第三版, prog, 新和英中辞典
	Comments:	daijr 第三版 is the only place I see the old sense 3 (new sense 4). I don't see the old sense 4 ("wearisome") supported in any of the refs above.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,1 @@ +<gloss>calculating</gloss> @@ -18,0 +19,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<gloss>scowling</gloss> +<gloss>grimacing</gloss> +<gloss>frowning</gloss> @@ -23,4 +30,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&adj-i;</pos> -<gloss>wearisome</gloss> -</sense>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1311125 Active (id: 2272971)
私 [spec1]
【あたし [spec1] ；あたくし；アタシ [sk] 】

1.

[pn] [fem,uk]
《あたくし is more polite》
▶ I
▶ me

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2858384 私【あたい】 1. I; me

History:

7.	A 2023-07-16 07:29:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I;ll move あて to the わて entry and propose an entry for あたい.
	Diff:	@@ -14,6 +13,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>あたい</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>あて</reb>
6.	A* 2023-07-08 00:17:50 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	あたくし: 一人称。「あたし」より丁寧で，「わたくし」よりはややくだけた言い方。主に女性が用いる。あたい: 一人称。「あたし」よりくだけた言い方。主として東京下町や花柳界の女性や子供が用いた。あて: 一人称。わたし。京阪地方で，主に女性が用いる。
	Comments:	I think あたい and あて should be separate entries. I don't think アタシ needs to be visible.
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -28,0 +29 @@ +<s_inf>あたくし is more polite</s_inf>
5.	A 2023-07-07 12:17:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	アタシ 2618035
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<re_nokanji/>
4.	A* 2023-07-06 17:19:04
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>アタシ</reb>
3.	A 2018-05-16 04:10:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update: deletion of adj-noBulk update: deletion of adj-no -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -23 +22,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2017-01-10 04:40:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-09 17:23:14 luce
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1385930 Active (id: 1942105)
折れ曲がる
【おれまがる】

1.

[v5r]
▶ to bend
▶ to wind
▶ to twist
▶ to zig-zag

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2017-01-10 04:30:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@ +<gloss>to wind</gloss> +<gloss>to twist</gloss> +<gloss>to zig-zag</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 00:44:23 Ben Bullock <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/34117/meaning/m1u/折% E3%82%8C%E6%9B%B2%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B/
	Comments:	What evidence is there for the "back and forth" part of "bend back and forth"? The dictionary examples at the above reference don't support that at all, and viewing this word in context of describing light bending at an interface between water and air there is no "back and forth".
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>to bend back and forth</gloss> +<gloss>to bend</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1397630 Active (id: 1962369)
組織 [ichi1,news1,nf01] ；組職 [iK]
【そしき [ichi1,news1,nf01] ；そしょく [ok] 】

1.

[n,vs]
▶ organization
▶ organisation
▶ formation

2.

[n,vs]
▶ structure
▶ construction
▶ setup
▶ constitution

3.

[n]
▶ system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.)

4.

[n] {biology}
▶ tissue

5.

[n] {geology}
▶ texture (of a rock)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2833661 石理 1. texture (of a rock); structure

6.

[n,vs]
▶ weave (of a fabric)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2017-10-18 10:48:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Tanaka sentences.
	Diff:	@@ -41 +41 @@ -<gloss>system</gloss> +<gloss>system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.)</gloss>
5.	A* 2017-10-17 22:25:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, gg5
	Comments:	Added senses. Not in the JEs. I don't think the "system" sense should be stuck on the end like that. Could possibly be merged with sense 2.
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +29 @@ +<gloss>formation</gloss> @@ -34,0 +36,2 @@ +<gloss>setup</gloss> +<gloss>constitution</gloss> @@ -38 +41,4 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>system</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -43,0 +50,6 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2833661">石理</xref> +<field>&geol;</field> +<gloss>texture (of a rock)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -45 +57 @@ -<gloss>system</gloss> +<gloss>weave (of a fabric)</gloss>
4.	A 2017-01-25 05:17:13 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-01-10 12:22:42 Mislav Blažević <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	disambiguate
	Diff:	@@ -38,0 +39 @@ +<field>&biol;</field>
2.	A 2012-06-07 23:22:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding 組職 as Rene proposed.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>組職</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-06-07 21:54:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>そしょく</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1415970 Active (id: 2197002)
濁音
【だくおん】

1.

[n] {linguistics}
《e.g. が, ざ, だ, ば》
▶ syllable with a voiced consonant (in Japanese)
▶ voiced sound

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1750640 清音 1. syllable with an unvoiced consonant (except "p"; in Japanese); syllable written without a dakuten or handakuten
	⇔ see: 1479630 半濁音 1. syllable with a "p" sound (in Japanese)

History:

8.	A 2022-07-17 02:03:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2022-07-16 14:03:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Comments:	I think it's helpful to include examples.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +13,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1415980">濁点</xref> @@ -16 +15,3 @@ -<gloss>voiced consonant in Japanese</gloss> +<s_inf>e.g. が, ざ, だ, ば</s_inf> +<gloss>syllable with a voiced consonant (in Japanese)</gloss> +<gloss>voiced sound</gloss>
6.	A 2017-01-20 03:55:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2017-01-10 09:11:10 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<xref type="ant" seq="1750640">清音</xref> -<xref type="ant" seq="1750640">清音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1750640">清音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1750640">清音</xref>
4.	A* 2017-01-10 09:09:34 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	tidying up
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音</xref> @@ -15 +16,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1541450">有声音</xref>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2017-01-10 04:41:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-01-09 09:08:45 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 koj daijs http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1026814590
	Comments:	seems 濁音 is only used for Japanese while 有声音 is the general linguistics term
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<xref type="ant" seq="1750640">清音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1415980">濁点</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1541450">有声音</xref> @@ -13,2 +16 @@ -<gloss>sonant</gloss> -<gloss>voiced sound</gloss> +<gloss>voiced consonant in Japanese</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-01-09 00:47:57 Mislav Blažević <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&ling;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1415980 Active (id: 2213808)
濁点
【だくてん】

1.

[n]
《゛》
▶ dakuten
▶ [expl] diacritic used with kana that turns an unvoiced consonant into a voiced consonant

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1415950 濁り点【にごりてん】 1. voiced consonant marks
	⇐ see: 1415940 濁り【にごり】 3. dakuten (diacritic indicating a voiced consonant)

History:

5.	A 2022-11-16 21:55:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-11-16 21:08:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<s_inf>゛</s_inf>
3.	A 2022-07-18 21:57:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Style alignment.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic kana mark that turns an unvoiced consonant into a voiced consonant</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic used with kana that turns an unvoiced consonant into a voiced consonant</gloss>
2.	A 2017-01-26 09:31:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 14:00:33 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 wiki
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1637780">半濁点</xref> -<gloss>voiced consonant marks (nigori)</gloss> +<gloss>dakuten</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic kana mark that turns an unvoiced consonant into a voiced consonant</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1479630 Active (id: 2197104)
半濁音
【はんだくおん】

1.

[n] {linguistics}
▶ syllable with a "p" sound (in Japanese)

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1415970 濁音 1. syllable with a voiced consonant (in Japanese); voiced sound
	⇔ see: 1750640 清音 1. syllable with an unvoiced consonant (except "p"; in Japanese); syllable written without a dakuten or handakuten

History:

4.	A 2022-07-17 21:45:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-07-17 15:38:00 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1415970">濁音・だくおん</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1750640">清音・せいおん</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1637780">半濁点・はんだくてん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1415970">濁音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1750640">清音</xref> @@ -16 +15 @@ -<gloss>consonant p in Japanese</gloss> +<gloss>syllable with a "p" sound (in Japanese)</gloss>
2.	A 2017-01-26 06:37:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>the consonant p in Japanese</gloss> +<gloss>consonant p in Japanese</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 09:05:54 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	aligning with 濁音 I think "semi-voiced" is nonsense
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,5 @@ -<gloss>semivoiced sound</gloss> -<gloss>p-sound</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1415970">濁音・だくおん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1750640">清音・せいおん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1637780">半濁点・はんだくてん</xref> +<field>&ling;</field> +<gloss>the consonant p in Japanese</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1570040 Active (id: 2167316)
碌に [ichi1] ；陸に [rK]
【ろくに [ichi1] 】

1.

[adv] [uk]
《with negative verb》
▶ (not) well
▶ (not) properly
▶ (not) enough
▶ (not) sufficiently
▶ (not) satisfactorily
▶ (not) decently

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1820070 碌々【ろくろく】 1. (not) well; (not) properly; (not) enough; (not) sufficiently

History:

11.	A 2021-12-02 09:21:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	see ろくな entry
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
10.	A 2021-06-14 21:41:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2021-06-14 14:47:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<s_inf>used with negative verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>with negative verb</s_inf> @@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>(not) properly</gloss> @@ -21,3 +22,3 @@ -<gloss>(im)properly</gloss> -<gloss>(in)sufficiently</gloss> -<gloss>(un)satisfactorily</gloss> +<gloss>(not) sufficiently</gloss> +<gloss>(not) satisfactorily</gloss> +<gloss>(not) decently</gloss>
8.	A 2019-07-09 10:47:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The latter.
	Diff:	@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ -<gloss>well</gloss> -<gloss>enough</gloss> -<gloss>properly</gloss> -<gloss>sufficiently</gloss> -<gloss>satisfactorily</gloss> +<gloss>(not) well</gloss> +<gloss>(not) enough</gloss> +<gloss>(im)properly</gloss> +<gloss>(in)sufficiently</gloss> +<gloss>(un)satisfactorily</gloss>
7.	A* 2019-07-08 14:58:38 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	How should we gloss this? Like this or like 碌すっぽ, i.e. (not) well; (not) enough; ...
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2018-06-07 02:32:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-06-06 19:05:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	Always with negative verb.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<s_inf>used with negative verb</s_inf> @@ -19,0 +21 @@ +<gloss>properly</gloss> @@ -20,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>satisfactorily</gloss>
4.	A 2017-01-10 04:42:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-01-09 00:58:11 Mislav Blažević <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	adverbify the gloss
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>sufficient</gloss> +<gloss>sufficiently</gloss>
2.	A 2012-07-08 22:57:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	see comment on ろくな
1.	A* 2012-07-08 11:21:48 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr koj
	Comments:	Delete – just に form of ろく 1013290 daijr & koj both consider this (and ろくな) just a form of ろく, and refer to that entry (GG5 has a separate entry).

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1575160 Active (id: 2158018)
鸚哥 [rK] ；音呼 [rK]
【いんこ；インコ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ true parrot (esp. small parrots such as the parakeet, lory and conure)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1575140 鸚鵡【おうむ】 1. (large) parrot (incl. the cockatoo)

History:

3.	A 2021-11-12 15:05:26 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	鸚哥 3393 インコ 624529
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2017-01-10 04:43:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-09 04:48:02 Scott
	Refs:	koj daij
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>音呼</keb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1604800 Active (id: 2295019)
向かう [ichi1,news1,nf23] ；向う；対う [rK]
【むかう [ichi1,news1,nf23] 】

1.	[v5u,vi] ▶ to face
2.	[v5u,vi] ▶ to go towards ▶ to head towards

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2024-03-18 18:43:39 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 向かう │ 5,665,595 │ 90.7% │ │ 向う　 │ 481,334 │ 7.7% │ │ 対う　 │ 335 │ 0.0% │ - rK (daijr, koj) │ むかう │ 99,525 │ 1.6% │ ╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2017-01-10 18:22:06 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
3.	A* 2017-01-10 13:07:22
	Diff:	@@ -30,0 +31 @@ +<gloss>to head towards</gloss>
2.	A 2014-09-25 12:24:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2014-09-25 01:59:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr 3
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1637780 Active (id: 2213680)
半濁点
【はんだくてん】

1.

[n]
《゜》
▶ handakuten
▶ [expl] diacritic used with kana that turns an "h" sound into a "p" sound

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1000090 ○【まる】 5. handakuten (diacritic)
	⇐ see: 1637790 半濁音符【はんだくおんぷ】 1. handakuten; diacritic used with kana that turns an "h" sound into a "p" sound

History:

6.	A 2022-11-15 01:46:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We keep those sorts of characters out of glosses to avoid blowing up legacy software. Using the non-combining version.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<s_inf>゜</s_inf> @@ -13 +14 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic used with kana that turns an "h" sound into a "p" sound (◌゚)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic used with kana that turns an "h" sound into a "p" sound</gloss>
5.	A* 2022-11-15 01:03:51 Nicolas Maia
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic used with kana that turns an "h" sound into a "p" sound</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic used with kana that turns an "h" sound into a "p" sound (◌゚)</gloss>
4.	A 2022-07-18 21:11:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-07-18 16:04:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this is clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic kana mark that turns h into p</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic used with kana that turns an "h" sound into a "p" sound</gloss>
2.	A 2017-01-26 11:05:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2017-01-10 13:59:50 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>maru mark</gloss> -<gloss>semivoiced sound</gloss> -<gloss>p-sound</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1415980">濁点</xref> +<gloss>handakuten</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">diacritic kana mark that turns h into p</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1750640 Active (id: 2197108)
清音
【せいおん】

1.

[n] {linguistics}
《e.g. か, さ, た, は》
▶ syllable with an unvoiced consonant (except "p"; in Japanese)
▶ syllable written without a dakuten or handakuten

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1415970 濁音 1. syllable with a voiced consonant (in Japanese); voiced sound
	⇔ see: 1479630 半濁音 1. syllable with a "p" sound (in Japanese)
	⇐ see: 1373680 澄む【すむ】 4. to pronounce as an unvoiced sound

2.

[n]
▶ clear sound

History:

6.	A 2022-07-17 21:47:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2022-07-17 15:48:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, gg5
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1415970">濁音・だくおん</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音・はんだくおん</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音・はんだくおん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1415970">濁音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音</xref> @@ -16 +16,7 @@ -<gloss>unvoiced consonant (except p) in Japanese</gloss> +<s_inf>e.g. か, さ, た, は</s_inf> +<gloss>syllable with an unvoiced consonant (except "p"; in Japanese)</gloss> +<gloss>syllable written without a dakuten or handakuten</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>clear sound</gloss>
4.	A 2017-01-28 22:50:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-01-10 09:08:16 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	aligning with 濁音
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1415970">濁音・だくおん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音・はんだくおん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1479630">半濁音・はんだくおん</xref> @@ -13,2 +16 @@ -<gloss>unvoiced sound</gloss> -<gloss>voiceless sound</gloss> +<gloss>unvoiced consonant (except p) in Japanese</gloss>
2.	A 2012-11-05 03:16:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-11-04 12:19:49 Marcus Richert
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>(in phonetics) an unvoiced sound</gloss> +<field>&ling;</field> +<gloss>unvoiced sound</gloss> +<gloss>voiceless sound</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1870610 Active (id: 1942111)
去勢牛
【きょせいうし】

1.

[n]
▶ ox
▶ bullock

History:

2.	A 2017-01-10 04:45:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-09 01:07:13 Mislav Blažević <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"bullock" is ambiguous
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>ox</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2009360 Active (id: 1942125)

のほほん

1.

[adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ nonchalantly
▶ without a care

History:

2.	A 2017-01-10 11:24:21 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 koj daijs
1.	A* 2017-01-10 07:43:33 Noa
	Comments:	Makes the [S] link on WWJDIC work
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<reb>のほほんと</reb> +<reb>のほほん</reb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> +<pos>&adv-to;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2039230 Active (id: 1943110)
百合鴎
【ゆりかもめ；ユリカモメ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus)
▶ hooded gull

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1700910 都鳥【みやこどり】 2. black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus)

History:

6.	A 2017-01-19 23:54:38 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2017-01-10 14:39:13 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 百合鴎 761 ゆりかもめ 296491 ユリカモメ 47557
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
4.	A* 2017-01-10 14:34:57 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus)</gloss> +<gloss>black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus)</gloss>
3.	A 2010-08-13 23:46:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@ -<gloss>black-headed gull (larus ridibundus)</gloss> +<gloss>black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus)</gloss>
2.	A* 2010-08-11 18:26:37 Jean-Luc Léger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<re_nokanji/>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2005-05-01 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2039250 Active (id: 1943127)
笑い鴎
【わらいかもめ；ワライカモメ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ laughing gull (Leucophaeus atricilla)

History:

4.	A 2017-01-20 03:55:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-01-10 14:40:09 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 笑い鴎 No matches わらいかもめ No matches ワライカモメ 306
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A* 2017-01-10 14:36:45 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>laughing gull (larus atricilla)</gloss> +<gloss>laughing gull (Leucophaeus atricilla)</gloss>
1.	A 2005-05-01 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2154110 Deleted (id: 1943266)
食編
【しょくへん】

1.

[n]
▶ food radical (in kanji)

History:

3.	D 2017-01-25 03:51:58 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	D* 2017-01-10 13:06:50 Mislav Blažević <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	変換ミス. see: 食偏
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831017 Active (id: 2291572)

マンスプレイニング；マンスプレーニング [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ mansplaining

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2860169 マンスプ 1. mansplaining

History:

6.	A 2024-02-10 23:46:46 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	マンスプレイニング is in sankoku 8e. The version with the chōonpu instead of イ is also used in the text of the wiki page. Adding it as a hidden form.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>マンスプレーニング</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
5.	A 2021-10-27 11:03:00 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	知恵蔵mini, daijs included in 小学館's 今年の新語 list last year, apparently
4.	R 2017-01-10 04:47:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Done.
3.	A* 2016-12-27 14:53:45 Scott
	Comments:	You make a good point. It gets quite a few hits, but it's always accompanied by an explanation. Could be grounds for rejection. I don't know if there is a policy on what entries are worthy of inclusion. Probably better to reject it not to clutter up the dictionary.
2.	A* 2016-12-26 20:55:06 Robin Scott
	Comments:	This word is not used in Japanese. The few dozen hits it gets on Google are merely explanations of what the term means. Literally any non-Japanese word can be written in katakana so a Wikipedia article by itself is not evidence of usage. (Indeed, this article is just a direct translation of the English original).
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2016-12-26 13:37:02 Scott
	Refs:	wiki

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831028 Active (id: 1942122)
あるべき姿；在るべき姿
【あるべきすがた】

1.

[exp,n]
▶ ideal situation
▶ ideal world
▶ perfect world
▶ utopia

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1541060 有様【ありさま】 2. the way things should be; ideal state

History:

2.	A 2017-01-10 09:50:55 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	weblio G n-grams: あるべき姿 284652 在るべき姿 6778 あるべきすがた 1116
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>在るべき姿</keb>
1.	A* 2016-12-27 10:49:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Eij, Weblio, recent translators discussion. N-grams: あるべき姿 284652 あるべきすがた 1116

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831049 Active (id: 2092226)
十二夜
【じゅうにや】

1.

[n] {Christianity}
▶ Twelfth Night
▶ Epiphany Eve

History:

7.	A 2021-01-26 06:23:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>Epiphany Eve</gloss>
6.	A* 2021-01-26 04:28:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>Twelfth Night (Christian holiday)</gloss> +<field>&Christn;</field> +<gloss>Twelfth Night</gloss>
5.	A 2017-01-10 22:00:23 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Readers+
4.	A* 2017-01-10 19:36:26 Scott
	Comments:	I wasn't referring to the Shakespeare play, but to the Christian holiday: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday) https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/十二夜_(民俗行事)
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Twelfth Night</gloss> +<gloss>Twelfth Night (Christian holiday)</gloss>
3.	D 2017-01-10 15:01:48 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	In the name dict
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2017-01-08 23:21:44 Mislav Blažević <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Shouldn't this go to jmnedict?
1.	A* 2017-01-08 21:39:18 Scott
	Refs:	gg5 wiki

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831070 Active (id: 1942114)

グループセックス；グループ・セックス

1.

[n]
▶ group sex

History:

2.	A 2017-01-10 04:52:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>グループ・セックス</reb>
1.	A* 2017-01-09 22:05:48 Scott
	Refs:	wiki

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831075 Active (id: 1942123)
社会科見学
【しゃかいかけんがく】

1.

[n]
▶ educational visit (e.g. by a class)
▶ educational field trip

History:

2.	A 2017-01-10 11:20:39 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 06:06:23 Scott
	Refs:	gg5 wiki

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831076 Active (id: 1942124)
野外活動
【やがいかつどう】

1.

[n]
▶ outdoor activity

History:

2.	A 2017-01-10 11:20:54 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 06:08:52 Scott
	Refs:	daijr gg5 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アウトドア

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831077 Active (id: 1943595)
顎をしゃくる
【あごをしゃくる】

1.

[exp,v5r]
▶ to jerk one's chin
▶ to nod toward
▶ to point one's chin at

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2262370 決る【しゃくる】 3. to jerk (one's chin)

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2017-01-26 11:21:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2262370">決る・しゃくる・3</xref>
2.	A* 2017-01-10 11:50:00
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>to point one's chin at</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 11:44:35
	Refs:	http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=しゃくる

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831078 Active (id: 1943593)
足を向ける
【あしをむける】

1.

[exp,v1]
▶ to head towards
▶ to direct one's steps to

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2017-01-26 11:17:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 examples.
2.	A* 2017-01-10 13:05:33
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>to go towards</gloss> +<gloss>to head towards</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 13:03:55
	Refs:	http://www.weblio.jp/content/足を向ける http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=足を向ける

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 2831079 Active (id: 2130641)
害児
【がいじ；ガイジ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [sl,derog,uk]
▶ retard
▶ moron
▶ cripple

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2469560 障害児 1. child with a (physical or mental) disability; disabled child

History:

4.	A 2021-07-22 22:56:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	ガイジ is by far the most common form judging from Twitter results. I don't think the note is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2469560">障害児・しょうがいじ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2469560">障害児</xref> @@ -19 +19 @@ -<s_inf>from 障害児</s_inf> +<misc>&uk;</misc>
3.	A* 2021-07-22 13:39:18 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	ガイジ 2576 害児 5062
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>害児</keb> +</k_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>がいじ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -5,0 +12 @@ +<re_nokanji/>
2.	A 2017-01-27 07:09:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yech.
1.	A* 2017-01-10 22:10:50 Mark
	Refs:	http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/ガイジ
	Comments:	Extremely derogatory. From what I've heard/seen, it’s always used to insult someone's intelligence (including, but not limited to, mentally handicapped people) but the reference says "最近では身体障害者を含む意味合いにもなっている" so I added a gloss to reflect that.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmnedict 5358144 Active (id: 2235153)
十二夜
【じゅうにや [spec1] 】

1.

[work]
▶ Twelfth Night (comedy by William Shakespeare)
▶ Twelfth Night, or What You Will

History:

3.	A 2023-05-07 06:33:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding spec1 -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2017-01-26 06:35:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 15:00:56 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 jwiki wiki
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,3 @@ -<misc>&place;</misc> -<gloss>Juuniya</gloss> +<misc>&work;</misc> +<gloss>Twelfth Night (comedy by William Shakespeare)</gloss> +<gloss>Twelfth Night, or What You Will</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmnedict 5663293 Active (id: 2240753)
明神川
【みょうじんがわ】

1.

[place]
▶ Myōjingawa

History:

3.	A 2023-05-24 12:31:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Myou fixup -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Myoujingawa</gloss> +<gloss>Myōjingawa</gloss>
2.	A 2017-01-26 06:49:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-10 14:28:58 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jwiki
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> +<misc>&place;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

Search \| Advanced Search \| New Entry \| Submissions \| Help	wsgi/DB=jmdict

If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

3.	A 2017-01-10 04:48:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-01-08 18:47:49 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1892620">騙し絵</xref>
1.	A* 2017-01-08 18:44:29 Scott
	Refs:	wiki
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>トロンプ・ルイユ</reb>

JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary Database

Entries