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jmdict 1106890 Active (id: 1930372)

ピューリッツァー； ピュリッツァー； ピューリッツアー； ピュリッツアー
1. [n]
▶ Pulitzer (as in Pulitzer Prize)



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 00:18:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
G n-grams:
ピューリッツアー	1843
ピューリッツァー	8985
ピュリッツァー	8570
ピュリッツアー	1760
  Diff: 
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ピューリッツアー</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -12,0 +10,6 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ピューリッツアー</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ピュリッツアー</reb>
+</r_ele>
1. A* 2016-04-29 17:05:03 
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ピュリッツァー</reb>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1234030 Active (id: 1930381)
凶悍； 兇悍 [oK]
【 きょうかん 】
1. [n] [rare]
▶ heinousness
▶ ferocity



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 00:51:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,0 +16 @@
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:31:04  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj G-ngrams
凶悍	40
兇悍	No matches
  Comments: 
pretty obscure word
  Diff: 
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>凶悍</keb>
+</k_ele>

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jmdict 1235400 Active (id: 1930422)
凶 [news2,nf45] ； 兇 [oK]
【 きょう [news2,nf45] 】
1. (凶 only) [n]
▶ bad luck
▶ bad fortune
2. [n]
《usu. 凶》
▶ evil
▶ wickedness



History:
4. A 2016-04-30 13:26:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr (only has sense 1, and has both kanji with 兇 deprecated.)
Koj (really only has sense 2 for 兇, but what it gives  is really kanwa stuff.)
  Comments: 
Obviously all very imprecise.
3. A* 2016-04-30 09:13:10  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Kanjidic defines 兇 as wickedness.
All the compounds that have 兇 variants refer to wicked deeds, not to misfortune in general.
  Comments: 
I guess that in careful pre-WWII orthography sense 1 was 凶 and sense 2 was 兇.
  Diff: 
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<stagk>凶</stagk>
@@ -24,0 +26 @@
+<s_inf>usu. 凶</s_inf>
2. A 2016-04-30 00:48:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:45:43  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1511310 Active (id: 2163836)
変速 [news2,nf27]
【 へんそく [news2,nf27] 】
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ shifting gears
▶ changing gears
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2777410 シフトチェンジ 1. shifting gears; changing gears

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2021-11-18 01:20:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
2. A 2016-05-02 01:20:42  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 13:10:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, 中辞典, etc.
  Comments: 
More common in BrE.
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>changing gears</gloss>

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jmdict 1568910 Rejected (id: 2146016)
炙る； 焙る； 烘る
【 あぶる 】
1. [v5r,vt] [uk]
▶ to warm (e.g. one's hands over a fire)
▶ to dry
2. [v5r,vt] [uk]
▶ to toast
▶ to grill
▶ to broil
▶ to roast
▶ to scorch

Conjugations

History:
7. R 2021-09-06 08:10:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2021-09-06 08:10:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Duplicate
5. A* 2021-09-06 01:13:22  Lee Smith <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
NN - 烘る
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>烘る</keb>
4. A 2017-10-31 10:43:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2017-10-28 16:01:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5
  Comments: 
The JEs use kana for sense 2 as well.
  Diff: 
@@ -23,2 +23 @@
-<gloss>to scorch</gloss>
-<gloss>to broil</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -26,0 +26,3 @@
+<gloss>to broil</gloss>
+<gloss>to roast</gloss>
+<gloss>to scorch</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1568910 Active (id: 2146095)
炙る； 焙る； 烘る [oK]
【 あぶる 】
1. [v5r,vt] [uk]
▶ to warm (e.g. one's hands over a fire)
▶ to dry
2. [v5r,vt] [uk]
▶ to toast
▶ to grill
▶ to broil
▶ to roast
▶ to scorch

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2021-09-07 04:01:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I think they're harmless, and the "oK" signals that it's not modern usage. I can see a few pages with it being used.
7. A* 2021-09-07 02:43:38  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
If these forms are not even included in 
koj,/nikk, are we sure we want them?
6. A 2021-09-07 01:35:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
It's one of those quaint old kanji that Andrew Nelson collected pre-WWII, and which has virtually died out. Now only found it old books.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
5. A* 2021-09-06 01:10:48  Lee Smith <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>烘る</keb>
4. A 2017-10-31 10:43:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1582580 Rejected (id: 1930414)
南瓜 [ichi1]
【 かぼちゃ [ichi1] ； ぼうぶら； なんか [ok] ； カボチャ (nokanji) 】
1. [n] [uk]
《ぼうぶら is primarily Kansai dialect》
▶ Japanese pumpkin
▶ squash
▶ winter squash
▶ Cucurbita maxima

History:
4. R 2016-04-30 12:50:20  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
fork
3. A* 2016-04-30 12:32:17  Todd Faulkner <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>pumpkin</gloss>
+<gloss>Japanese pumpkin</gloss>
@@ -28,0 +29,2 @@
+<gloss>winter squash</gloss>
+<gloss>Cucurbita maxima</gloss>
2. A 2010-12-06 01:42:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-12-05 21:05:38  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daijr, daijs
カボチャ is from gairaigo, so this is another case of the inappropriate 'nokanji'
  Comments: 
and i don't think that's a gikun
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@
+<reb>ぼうぶら</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -14,1 +17,0 @@
-<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
@@ -16,0 +18,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>カボチャ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
@@ -19,1 +25,2 @@
-<gloss>(Japanese) squash</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<s_inf>ぼうぶら is primarily Kansai dialect</s_inf>
@@ -21,0 +28,1 @@
+<gloss>squash</gloss>

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jmdict 1582580 Rejected (id: 1930415)
南瓜 [ichi1]
【 かぼちゃ [ichi1] ； ぼうぶら； なんか [ok] ； カボチャ (nokanji) 】
1. [n] [uk]
《ぼうぶら is primarily Kansai dialect》
▶ Japanese pumpkin
▶ squash
▶ winter squash
▶ Cucurbita maxima

History:
4. R 2016-04-30 12:51:03  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
fork
3. A* 2016-04-30 12:32:45  Todd Faulkner <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>pumpkin</gloss>
+<gloss>Japanese pumpkin</gloss>
@@ -28,0 +29,2 @@
+<gloss>winter squash</gloss>
+<gloss>Cucurbita maxima</gloss>
2. A 2010-12-06 01:42:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-12-05 21:05:38  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daijr, daijs
カボチャ is from gairaigo, so this is another case of the inappropriate 'nokanji'
  Comments: 
and i don't think that's a gikun
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@
+<reb>ぼうぶら</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -14,1 +17,0 @@
-<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
@@ -16,0 +18,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>カボチャ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
@@ -19,1 +25,2 @@
-<gloss>(Japanese) squash</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<s_inf>ぼうぶら is primarily Kansai dialect</s_inf>
@@ -21,0 +28,1 @@
+<gloss>squash</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1582580 Rejected (id: 1930416)
南瓜 [ichi1]
【 かぼちゃ [ichi1] ； ぼうぶら； なんか [ok] ； カボチャ (nokanji) 】
1. [n] [uk]
《ぼうぶら is primarily Kansai dialect》
▶ Japanese pumpkin
▶ squash
▶ winter squash
▶ Cucurbita maxima

History:
4. R 2016-04-30 12:51:52  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
fork
3. A* 2016-04-30 12:32:49  Todd Faulkner <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>pumpkin</gloss>
+<gloss>Japanese pumpkin</gloss>
@@ -28,0 +29,2 @@
+<gloss>winter squash</gloss>
+<gloss>Cucurbita maxima</gloss>
2. A 2010-12-06 01:42:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-12-05 21:05:38  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daijr, daijs
カボチャ is from gairaigo, so this is another case of the inappropriate 'nokanji'
  Comments: 
and i don't think that's a gikun
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@
+<reb>ぼうぶら</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -14,1 +17,0 @@
-<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
@@ -16,0 +18,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>カボチャ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
@@ -19,1 +25,2 @@
-<gloss>(Japanese) squash</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<s_inf>ぼうぶら is primarily Kansai dialect</s_inf>
@@ -21,0 +28,1 @@
+<gloss>squash</gloss>

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jmdict 1582580 Active (id: 1930431)
南瓜 [ichi1]
【 かぼちゃ [ichi1] ； ぼうぶら； なんか [ok] ； カボチャ (nokanji) 】
1. [n] [uk] Source lang: por "Cambodia abóbora"
《ぼうぶら is primarily Kansai dialect》
▶ pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.)
▶ squash
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1090830 南京【ナンキン】 2. pumpkin; squash



History:
8. A 2016-05-01 00:08:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2016-04-30 20:26:45  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
wiki(kabocha)
  Comments: 
Concerning Todd's proposed edit: According to my refs (gg5, jwiki), the Japanese word カボチャ is a generic term for the genus Cucurbita. In English there is a Japanese loan word "kabocha" that refers to certain Japanese cultivars of Cucurbita maxima.
  Diff: 
@@ -26,0 +27 @@
+<lsource xml:lang="por">Cambodia abóbora</lsource>
6. A* 2016-04-30 14:09:22  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
jwiki: カボチャ（南瓜）は、ウリ科カボチャ属（学名 Cucurbita）の総称である
  Diff: 
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>pumpkin</gloss>
+<gloss>pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.)</gloss>
5. A 2016-04-30 12:52:30  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2016-04-30 12:47:23  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5: pumpkin, squash
jwiki: カボチャ（南瓜）は、ウリ科カボチャ属（学名 Cucurbita）の総称である
  Comments: 
Does not seem to refer to a specific species
  Diff: 
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>Japanese pumpkin</gloss>
+<gloss>pumpkin</gloss>
@@ -29,2 +28,0 @@
-<gloss>winter squash</gloss>
-<gloss>Cucurbita maxima</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1590540 Active (id: 1937269)
仮名 [ichi1] ； 仮字； 假名 [oK]
【 かな [ichi1] 】
1. [n]
▶ kana
▶ [expl] Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2259040 真名 1. kanji (as opposed to kana)



History:
6. A 2016-10-17 23:35:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2016-10-17 11:30:41  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
G n-grams:
 仮名を使っ	1494
 かなを使っ	 340
  Diff: 
@@ -22 +21,0 @@
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
4. A 2016-04-30 07:59:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2016-04-30 04:09:23  Pierre <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -24 +24 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese syllabary (e.g. hiragana, katakana)</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)</gloss>
2. A 2011-01-10 22:34:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1591510 Active (id: 2215159)
凶悪 [news1,nf16] ； 兇悪 [rK]
【 きょうあく [news1,nf16] 】
1. [adj-na,n]
▶ atrocious
▶ heinous
▶ fiendish
▶ brutal
▶ vicious



History:
5. A 2022-12-07 22:39:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, luminous, daij
  Diff: 
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +22 @@
+<gloss>heinous</gloss>
@@ -23 +25 @@
-<gloss>villainous</gloss>
+<gloss>vicious</gloss>
4. A 2022-12-07 06:09:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2022-12-07 05:49:33  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇悪 is in most kokugos

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 凶悪　　　 │ 569,602 │ 98.5% │
│ 兇悪　　　 │   8,384 │  1.5% │
│ きょうあく │     564 │  N/A  │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2016-04-30 09:00:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 08:52:25  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
凶悪	569602
兇悪	8384
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1591530 Active (id: 1930386)
凶漢； 兇漢 [oK]
【 きょうかん 】
1. [n]
▶ villain
▶ outlaw
▶ assassin



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 03:04:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:34:22  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇漢	380
凶漢	1494
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>兇漢</keb>
+<keb>凶漢</keb>
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>凶漢</keb>
+<keb>兇漢</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1591540 Active (id: 2273136)
凶器 [news1,nf19] ； 兇器 [rK]
【 きょうき [news1,nf19] 】
1. [n]
▶ dangerous weapon
▶ lethal weapon
▶ deadly weapon
▶ murder weapon



History:
8. A 2023-07-20 06:36:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2023-07-20 03:51:39  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 凶器　　 │ 247,233 │ 98.4% │
│ 兇器　　 │   3,965 │  1.6% │ - oK to rK (kokugos)
│ きょうき │   5,853 │  N/A  │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2016-04-30 00:52:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2016-04-29 14:48:10  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2016-04-28 22:50:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1591550 Active (id: 1930382)
凶具； 兇具 [oK]
【 きょうぐ 】
1. [n]
▶ dangerous weapon



History:
4. A 2016-04-30 00:52:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2016-04-29 14:47:15  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2011-08-19 17:51:52  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, google hits
1. A* 2011-08-19 16:58:29  Osamu Aoki <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
At least as I understand, 「兇具」 is correct form for pedantic 
person who disregard post-WW2 trend of simplification of 
Japanese writing.  But it is no where near popular to write 
it so.  I think newspaper uses simple form thus 「凶具」 is 
common spelling.  The same game as 凶器 [ news1,nf19] ； 兇器 
order.
  Diff: 
@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@
-<keb>兇具</keb>
+<keb>凶具</keb>
@@ -8,1 +8,1 @@
-<keb>凶具</keb>
+<keb>兇具</keb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1591570 Active (id: 2197757)
凶行； 兇行 [rK]
【 きょうこう 】
1. [n]
▶ (act of) violence
▶ vicious crime
▶ murder



History:
5. A 2022-07-22 04:09:15  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2022-07-22 00:51:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog, daij
  Diff: 
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>violence</gloss>
+<gloss>(act of) violence</gloss>
+<gloss>vicious crime</gloss>
@@ -18 +18,0 @@
-<gloss>crime</gloss>
3. A 2022-07-20 12:18:36  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
mk
  Diff: 
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2016-04-30 03:06:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:39:54  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇行	1302
凶行	39453
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>兇行</keb>
+<keb>凶行</keb>
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>凶行</keb>
+<keb>兇行</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1591590 Rejected (id: 1930377)
凶手:兇手 [oK]
【 きょうしゅ 】
1. [n]
▶ assassin

History:
2. R 2016-04-30 00:23:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
An ops.
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:33:28  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇手	340
凶手	982
  Diff: 
@@ -5,4 +5,2 @@
-<keb>兇手</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>凶手</keb>
+<keb>凶手:兇手</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1591590 Active (id: 1930378)
凶手； 兇手 [oK]
【 きょうしゅ 】
1. [n]
▶ assassin



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 00:24:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:44:58  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇手	340
凶手	982
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>兇手</keb>
+<keb>凶手</keb>
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>凶手</keb>
+<keb>兇手</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1591600 Active (id: 1930387)
凶状； 兇状 [oK]
【 きょうじょう 】
1. [n]
▶ crime
▶ offense
▶ offence



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 03:05:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:35:17  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇状	1276
凶状	2447
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>兇状</keb>
+<keb>凶状</keb>
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>凶状</keb>
+<keb>兇状</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1591610 Active (id: 1930376)
凶状持ち； 兇状持ち [oK]
【 きょうじょうもち 】
1. [n]
▶ person with a criminal record
▶ violent criminal



History:
5. A 2016-04-30 00:22:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2016-04-29 14:50:54  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
3. A* 2016-04-29 14:36:07  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇状持ち	208
凶状持ち	1344
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>兇状持ち</keb>
+<keb>凶状持ち</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>凶状持ち</keb>
+<keb>兇状持ち</keb>
2. A 2012-08-29 11:40:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@
+<gloss>person with a criminal record</gloss>
1. A* 2012-08-29 08:14:40  Marcus
  Refs: 
(person who has carried out a violent crime)
nikk
  Diff: 
@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@
-<gloss>a criminal</gloss>
+<gloss>violent criminal</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1591630 Active (id: 1930390)
凶賊； 兇賊 [oK]
【 きょうぞく 】
1. [n]
▶ villain



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 03:06:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:41:10  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇賊	1570
凶賊	2519
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>兇賊</keb>
+<keb>凶賊</keb>
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>凶賊</keb>
+<keb>兇賊</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1591640 Active (id: 1930384)
凶弾 [news2,nf38] ； 兇弾 [oK]
【 きょうだん [news2,nf38] 】
1. [n]
▶ assassin's bullet



History:
5. A 2016-04-30 03:03:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2016-04-29 14:48:46  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2011-01-09 21:55:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
None that I can find.
2. A* 2011-01-03 01:22:52  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
source for 'plot'?
  Diff: 
@@ -19,1 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>assassin's plot</gloss>
1. A 2011-01-03 01:21:58  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
more common first
  Diff: 
@@ -4,3 +4,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>兇弾</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +8,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>兇弾</keb>

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jmdict 1591680 Active (id: 2208125)
凶暴 [news2,nf33] ； 兇暴 [rK]
【 きょうぼう [news2,nf33] 】
1. [adj-na,n]
▶ ferocious
▶ brutal
▶ atrocious
▶ savage
▶ barbarous



History:
11. A 2022-09-10 00:33:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2022-09-10 00:07:10  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 凶暴　　　 │ 334,820 │ 98.9% │
│ 兇暴　　　 │   1,672 │  0.5% │ 🡠 oK to rK (daijr/s, koj, meikyo, etc.)
│ きょうぼう │   1,971 │  0.6% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
9. A 2018-02-27 06:17:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK.
8. A* 2018-02-16 06:43:41  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
兇 is listed with an asterisk as 常用外 in my IME, but it 
is listed.
7. A* 2018-02-16 05:47:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
oK is not synonymous with use of 旧字体. In fact almost all the entries with 凶/兇 surface forms have the latter tagged "oK". In this case Daijirin has "凶暴・兇▼暴" and I've been taking that ▼ to indicate an old and deprecated form. I think we'd better discuss criteria for the "oK" tag before removing them. I view it as flagging an older form that one may encounter but probably shouldn't use.
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1591700 Active (id: 1930388)
凶猛； 兇猛 [oK] ； 梟猛 [oK]
【 きょうもう 】
1. [adj-na,n]
▶ fierce



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 03:05:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:37:22  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇猛	171
凶猛	374
梟猛	No matches
  Diff: 
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>兇猛</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -10,0 +8,4 @@
+<keb>兇猛</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1591730 Active (id: 1930391)
凶類； 兇類 [oK]
【 きょうるい 】
1. [n]
▶ wicked gang



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 03:06:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-29 14:42:04  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
兇類	No matches
凶類	No matches
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>兇類</keb>
+<keb>凶類</keb>
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>凶類</keb>
+<keb>兇類</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1612970 Active (id: 2214216)
指切り [ichi1] ； 指きり
【 ゆびきり [ichi1] 】
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise)
▶ pinky promise
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2236500 拳万【げんまん】 1. pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise); pinky promise
  ⇐ see: 2833702 指切りげんまん、嘘ついたら針千本飲ます【ゆびきりげんまん、うそついたらはりせんぼんのます】 1. cross my heart and hope to die, stick a needle in my eye; pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you drink a thousand needles

Conjugations


History:
12. A 2022-11-25 04:25:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11. A* 2022-11-24 19:22:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
This is probably sufficient.
  Diff: 
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<gloss>pinky swear (i.e. two people interlocking their little fingers to confirm a promise)</gloss>
+<gloss>pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise)</gloss>
10. A* 2022-11-24 18:20:11  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I don't think the x-ref is needed.
  Diff: 
@@ -19,2 +19 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます</xref>
-<gloss>pinky swear</gloss>
+<gloss>pinky swear (i.e. two people interlocking their little fingers to confirm a promise)</gloss>
@@ -22 +20,0 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">hooking each other's little fingers to confirm a promise</gloss>
9. A 2022-11-22 22:09:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2022-11-22 17:19:34  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます・ゆびきりげんまんうそついたらはりせんぼんのます</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます</xref>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 2074250 Active (id: 1930421)
ピューリッツァー賞； ピュリッツァー賞； ピューリッツアー賞； ピュリッツアー賞
【 ピューリッツァーしょう (ピューリッツァー賞)； ピュリッツァーしょう (ピュリッツァー賞)； ピューリッツアーしょう (ピューリッツアー賞)； ピュリッツアーしょう (ピュリッツアー賞) 】
1. [n]
▶ Pulitzer prize



History:
3. A 2016-04-30 13:16:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Messy.
2. A* 2016-04-30 12:37:27  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ピューリッツァー賞	8293
ピュリッツァー賞	8230
ピューリッツアー賞	1713
ピュリッツアー賞	1614
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +7,9 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ピュリッツァー賞</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ピューリッツアー賞</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ピュリッツアー賞</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +18,13 @@
+<re_restr>ピューリッツァー賞</re_restr>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ピュリッツァーしょう</reb>
+<re_restr>ピュリッツァー賞</re_restr>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ピューリッツアーしょう</reb>
+<re_restr>ピューリッツアー賞</re_restr>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ピュリッツアーしょう</reb>
+<re_restr>ピュリッツアー賞</re_restr>
1. A 2006-02-07 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2507490 Active (id: 1930484)
ペポ南瓜
【 ペポかぼちゃ； ペポカボチャ (nokanji) 】
1. [n] [uk]
▶ Cucurbita pepo
▶ [expl] diverse species that includes many varieties of pumpkin, squash and zucchini
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2829239 おもちゃ南瓜【おもちゃかぼちゃ】 1. Cucurbita pepo (species that includes many varieties of pumpkin, squash and zucchini)



History:
5. A 2016-05-02 02:48:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2016-05-01 09:21:26  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
wiki(Cucurbita pepo)
  Comments: 
according to wiki "vegetable marrow" is just a subspecies of Cucurbita pepo
  Diff: 
@@ -17 +17,2 @@
-<gloss>marrow (any variety of Cucurbita pepo, incl. acorn squash, spaghetti squash, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>Cucurbita pepo</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">diverse species that includes many varieties of pumpkin, squash and zucchini</gloss>
3. A* 2016-04-30 23:37:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ＫＯＤ追加語彙, G n-grams:
ペポ南瓜	37
ペポカボチャ	4755
ペポかぼちゃ	1401
  Diff: 
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<reb>ペポかぼちゃ</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12 @@
+<re_nokanji/>
2. A 2014-11-24 20:46:05  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>marrow (any variety of Cucurbita pepo, inc. acorn squash, spaghetti squash, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>marrow (any variety of Cucurbita pepo, incl. acorn squash, spaghetti squash, etc.)</gloss>
1. A 2009-08-24 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2733430 Active (id: 1930398)
凶行人； 兇行人 [oK]
【 きょうこうにん 】
1. [n] [rare,arch]
▶ brute
▶ violent criminal
▶ savage



History:
4. A 2016-04-30 09:00:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2016-04-30 08:55:10  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
凶行人	No matches
兇行人	No matches
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2012-08-06 03:17:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Could have both.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
1. A* 2012-08-03 10:40:27  Marcus
  Refs: 
nikk
  Comments: 
hardly any hits but nikk example is from 1892 so I went with 
obsc rather than arch

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jmdict 2743110 Active (id: 2296129)
指切りげんまん； 指きりげんまん； 指切り拳万 [rK] ； 指きり拳万 [sK] ； 指切拳万 [sK]
【 ゆびきりげんまん 】
1. [n]
▶ pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise)
▶ pinky promise
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2833702 指切りげんまん、嘘ついたら針千本飲ます 1. cross my heart and hope to die, stick a needle in my eye; pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you drink a thousand needles



History:
11. A 2024-03-26 19:38:02  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
指切り拳万 is in daijisen.
  Comments: 
[sK] --> [rK]
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
10. A 2022-11-26 23:36:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Aligning.
  Diff: 
@@ -27,3 +27,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1612970">指切り</xref>
-<gloss>pinky swear</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切りげんまん、嘘ついたら針千本飲ます</xref>
+<gloss>pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise)</gloss>
@@ -31 +29,0 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">making a pledge by hooking each other's little fingers</gloss>
9. A 2022-11-22 22:14:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2022-11-22 17:23:09  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 指切りげんまん　 │ 5,127 │ 28.4% │
│ 指きりげんまん　 │ 5,557 │ 30.8% │
│ 指切り拳万　　　 │   101 │  0.6% │ 🡠 adding
│ 指きり拳万　　　 │    87 │  0.5% │ 🡠 adding
│ 指切拳万　　　　 │    87 │  0.5% │ 🡠 sK
│ ゆびきりげんまん │ 7,088 │ 39.3% │
╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@
+<keb>指切り拳万</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>指きり拳万</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +20 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18 +27 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます・ゆびきりげんまんうそついたらはりせんぼんのます</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます</xref>
7. A 2017-12-24 22:43:50  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2833702">指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます・ゆびきりげんまんうそついたらはりせんぼんのます</xref>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 2804230 Active (id: 1930380)
凶人； 兇人 [oK]
【 きょうじん 】
1. [n]
▶ scoundrel
▶ ruffian
▶ villain



History:
4. A 2016-04-30 00:49:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2016-04-29 14:46:15  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2013-12-03 02:37:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr
1. A* 2013-12-03 01:10:49  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijs, nikk
ngrams

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jmdict 2829230 Active (id: 1930396)
自治会費
【 じちかいひ 】
1. [n]
▶ association membership fees (neighborhood, residents, etc.)



History:
3. A 2016-04-30 09:00:12  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
G-ngrams 11848
  Comments: 
Quite common. No harm in adding it.
2. A* 2016-04-28 23:56:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
WWW hits (quite a lot)
  Comments: 
Not sure this is really needed. You can add 費 to a lot of things.
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>association dues</gloss>
+<gloss>association membership fees (neighborhood, residents, etc.)</gloss>
1. A* 2016-04-28 04:09:16 

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jmdict 2829235 Active (id: 1930466)
教育力
【 きょういくりょく 】
1. [n]
▶ educational capability
▶ education skills
▶ educational power



History:
2. A 2016-05-02 01:20:59  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 09:10:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
http://www.weblio.jp/content/家庭教育力 (reading), Eijiro, G n-grams: 111045
  Comments: 
Not quite obvious from 教育 + 力, and fairly common.

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jmdict 2829236 Active (id: 1930402)
銅配線
【 どうはいせん 】
1. [n]
▶ copper wiring



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 09:34:45  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 09:23:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, G n-grams: 4k

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jmdict 2829237 Active (id: 1930459)
低年齢化
【 ていねんれいか 】
1. [n]
▶ age lowering
▶ reduction in age



History:
2. A 2016-05-02 01:19:49  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 13:07:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, ＫＯＤ追加語彙, Eijiro. G n-grams: 53k

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jmdict 2829238 Active (id: 1930465)
変速比
【 へんそくひ 】
1. [n]
▶ transmission ratio
▶ gear ratio



History:
2. A 2016-05-02 01:20:50  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 13:13:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ＫＯＤ追加語彙, EIjiro, Kagaku

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jmnedict 5088337 Active (id: 1930424)

ラーデマッヘル
1. [surname]
▶ Rademacher



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 13:27:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 11:33:16  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5088338 Active (id: 1930425)

ラーデンガスト
1. [surname]
▶ Ladengast



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 13:28:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 11:34:18  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
www
  Diff: 
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5088339 Active (id: 1930426)

ラーデンブルク
1. [place,surname]
▶ Ladenburg



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 13:28:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 11:36:36  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
wiki
  Diff: 
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&place;</misc>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>

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jmnedict 5094516 Active (id: 1930434)

レンナルト
1. [male]
▶ Lennart



History:
2. A 2016-05-01 00:37:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
At present we can't have multiple "readings" here. I'm putting it another entry.
  Diff: 
@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>レンナット</reb>
1. A* 2016-04-30 11:45:07  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://www.kinokuniya.co.jp/f/dsg-01-9784316387604
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>レンナット</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -8 +11 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&male;</misc>

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jmnedict 5094750 Active (id: 1930423)

ローデ
1. [surname]
▶ Rohde
▶ Råde



History:
2. A 2016-04-30 13:27:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-04-30 11:26:52  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Removed "Rade", I think it is a corrupted form of the Swedish surname Råde.
The Serbocroatian name "Rade" would not be written ローデ.
  Diff: 
@@ -8,2 +8 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
-<gloss>Rade</gloss>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>
@@ -10,0 +10 @@
+<gloss>Råde</gloss>

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.