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1. |
[adv,adv-to,vs,adj-na,n]
[on-mim]
《oft. as ヌルヌル(と)する》 ▶ slimy ▶ slippery ▶ greasy ▶ clammy
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2. |
[adv,adv-to]
[on-mim]
▶ smoothly (of CGI movements, video streaming, etc.) |
15. | A 2018-12-14 02:33:45 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
14. | A* 2018-12-07 07:54:18 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I think "smoothly" should be fine for sense 2? We did discuss pretty much this issue on the mailing list in February ("glosses not matching PoS"). One solution is to push the vs to the front and gloss it as "to be slimy; to be slippery", though this is pretty the one thing we decided we wouldn't do back in Feb, on Robin's initiative. I would certainly not be opposed to it, though. |
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Diff: | @@ -29 +29 @@ -<gloss>smooth (of CGI movements, video streaming, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>smoothly (of CGI movements, video streaming, etc.)</gloss> |
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13. | A* 2018-12-07 07:17:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Reopen |
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12. | A 2018-12-07 07:16:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I'm happy with this as it is for now, so I'll approve it and reopen it to keep the general issue going. I can't help feeling that in the general situation with these beasties we need something more than a combination of adjectival glosses and adv,adv-to,vs as POS. Also we can't have a note for every one of them. I don't really want another (pseudo) POS. |
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11. | A* 2018-12-06 22:59:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I don't think it's typically adj-f. Also, we should probably avoid using tag names in notes since they're meaningless to people who haven't read the help page. While I do feel that every effort should be made to have the glosses agree with the leading PoS tag, these onomatopoeic adverbs can be a real pain. It's an adverb first and foremost, so I think adv needs to come first, but adjective glosses are more useful than anything else. There are hundreds of adverbs like this. It would be good to decide on a policy so that we're all on the same page. |
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Diff: | @@ -19 +19 @@ -<s_inf>oft. adj-f as ヌルヌル(と)する</s_inf> +<s_inf>oft. as ヌルヌル(と)する</s_inf> @@ -29 +29 @@ -<gloss>smoothly (of CGI movements, video streaming, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>smooth (of CGI movements, video streaming, etc.)</gloss> |
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(show/hide 10 older log entries) |
1. |
[n]
▶ violence |
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2. |
[adj-na]
▶ violent
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2. | A 2016-04-13 19:52:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 12:45:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | ルミナス,n-grams: バイオレンス 93551 ヴァイオレンス 6740 バイオレンスは 1755 バイオレンスが 3627 バイオレンスな 13309 バイオレンスの 4627 |
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Comments: | Seems to more common as an adjective, although all refs gloss it as the noun. |
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Diff: | @@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ヴァイオレンス</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -10,0 +14,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2318430">バイオレンスゲーム</xref> +<gloss>violent</gloss> +</sense> |
1. |
[n,vs,vt]
▶ grinding ▶ polishing |
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2. |
[n,vs,vt]
▶ refining (a skill, knowledge, etc.) ▶ applying oneself (to study) ▶ disciplining oneself |
9. | A 2023-05-25 06:06:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
8. | A* 2023-05-25 05:03:18 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 研磨 │ 786,653 │ 98.3% │ │ 研摩 │ 13,545 │ 1.7% │ - rK (kokugos) │ けんま │ 6,236 │ N/A │ ╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ |
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Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
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7. | A 2022-01-14 03:57:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
6. | A* 2022-01-09 21:12:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | gg5, prog, daij |
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Diff: | @@ -30,2 +30,3 @@ -<gloss>refining (skill, knowledge, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>striving to master something</gloss> +<gloss>refining (a skill, knowledge, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>applying oneself (to study)</gloss> +<gloss>disciplining oneself</gloss> |
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5. | A 2021-12-08 01:04:46 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
Diff: | @@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -27,0 +29 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> |
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(show/hide 4 older log entries) |
1. |
[n,adj-no,adj-na]
▶ small quantity ▶ small amount
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2. |
[n,adj-na]
《esp. 小量》 ▶ narrowmindedness |
6. | A 2018-04-24 11:27:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
5. | A* 2018-04-24 10:41:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | gg5, daij G n-grams: 少量の 426621 少量な 12848 |
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Comments: | I don't think it's used adverbially. Don't need "small dose" as a gloss. |
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Diff: | @@ -20,0 +21,2 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -22,3 +24 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>small dose</gloss> +<xref type="ant" seq="1408170">多量</xref> @@ -25,0 +26 @@ +<gloss>small amount</gloss> @@ -27,0 +29 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -29,2 +30,0 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> -<pos>&n;</pos> |
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4. | A 2016-04-19 04:50:34 Johan Råde <...address hidden...> | |
3. | A* 2016-04-18 23:24:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijs: sense 2: "(小量)度量が狭いこと。また、そのさま。狭量。" http://www.nihonjiten.com/data/12550.html (splits) |
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Comments: | It's probably not a major point as 小量 only gets 0.1% the hits of 少量, but from what I can see in texts 小量 can mean both, but 少量 never seems to mean "narrowmindedness". |
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Diff: | @@ -24 +23,0 @@ -<s_inf>esp. 少量</s_inf> |
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2. | A* 2016-04-17 11:33:18 Johan Råde <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Not sure I believe in this distinction. The most common ngrams for both forms are things like 小量の水/少量の水 小量の塩/少量の塩 小量の油/少量の油 etc |
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(show/hide 1 older log entries) |
1. |
[v5t,vt]
▶ to sever ▶ to cut off |
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2. |
[v5t,vt]
▶ to suppress ▶ to eradicate ▶ to exterminate |
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3. |
[v5t,vt]
▶ to abstain (from) ▶ to give up |
8. | A 2023-04-08 14:49:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | It was moved to 1296050. 裁つ and 截つ only refer to cutting cloth. |
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Diff: | @@ -13,8 +12,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>裁つ</keb> -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>截つ</keb> -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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7. | A* 2023-04-08 03:21:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 絶つ 120889 46.1% 断つ 136280 52.0% 截つ 171 0.1% - koj, nikk 裁つ 4504 1.7% - koj, nikk 斷つ 330 0.1% |
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Comments: | We dropped 截つ some years back. Maybe add it back as sK? |
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Diff: | @@ -14,0 +15,8 @@ +<keb>裁つ</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>截つ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -16 +24 @@ -<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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6. | A 2017-12-08 22:29:29 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | i agree. added there as proposed |
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Diff: | @@ -13,3 +12,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>截つ</keb> |
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5. | A* 2017-12-02 13:53:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I think 截つ belongs with the 裁つ entry (1296050), not here. See daijr/s. |
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4. | A 2016-04-13 20:04:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
(show/hide 3 older log entries) |
1. |
[adj-t,adv-to]
▶ prosperous ▶ flourishing ▶ thriving |
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2. |
[adj-t,adv-to]
▶ muscular ▶ brawny |
2. | A 2016-04-13 20:01:12 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 10:53:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, 中辞典 (both split) |
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Diff: | @@ -18,0 +19,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-t;</pos> +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> |
1. |
[adj-na]
▶ terminal ▶ final |
2. | A 2016-04-13 20:04:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 11:03:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, GG5 |
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Comments: | I don't think "decadent" works here. |
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Diff: | @@ -14 +13,0 @@ -<gloss>decadent</gloss> @@ -15,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>final</gloss> |
1. |
[exp]
《after neg. verb stem》 ▶ have to do ▶ must ▶ should ▶ ought to
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3. | R 2016-04-10 11:54:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | OK, rejecting this. |
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2. | A* 2016-01-29 20:56:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | i don't think these should be merged. and in fact, i think the entry should be further split. it combines multiple entries with different conjugation patterns (i.e., ない vs まい vs ません vs ぬ). - also, here's shinmeikai on なければならない vs なければいけない: *なければいけない 類似した表現に「なければならない」および「べきだ」がある。「なければならない」「なければいけない」はともに行動上の制約という点では共通するが、両者の違いはおおむね以下のようである。 (1)「なければならない」は運命的・宿命的な事柄、また、社会道徳や法律・規則などそれに反する行為が認められないことを表わすのに用いる。 (2)「なければいけない」は自分自身の保全・保守やより好ましい環境をつくり出すためにとるべき態度や行為を表わすのに用いる。 (3)「今月は税金も納めなければならないし、夏服も作らなければいけないから何かと出費がかさむ」ということになる。しかし現実には、前者後者を必ずしも明確には意識されず混用されることが多い。 (4)「なければいけない」が相手の行動に示唆を与えるのに用いられる場合には、勧告する気持を含意することがある。例、「体調が悪いのならば再び医者に診てもらわなければいけない」 (5)両者ともに「…てはならない(いけない)」などの禁止表現に応じる行為を表わすのに用いられる。「『ここでタバコを吸ってはいけない』と言われたら吸うのをやめなければならない(いけない)」ということになる。 (6)「なければならない」「なければいけない」がその人の行動上の制約とのかかわり合いが大きいのに対し、「べきだ」は行動の制約は必ずしも強くはない。「あのときすぐに謝るべきであった」など事態が険悪になってから過去の行動を振り返るときに、ものの道理から見てどのような行動をとるのが望ましかったかという建前論を述べる場合などによく使われる。 |
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1. | A* 2015-11-06 23:15:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Makino & Tsutsui Grammar dictionaries. G n-grams: なければならない 15755700 なければなりません 2903247 なければいけない 2578274 ねばならない 1511774 なければいけません 583781 なければならぬ 517718 ねばなりません 365218 ねばならぬ 320639 ねばなるまい 106274 なければなるまい 32928 なけばならない 5639 |
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Comments: | Re-ordering on frequency. Adding note (from 2210120). Proposing merger of 2210120 (なければなるまい & ねばなるまい) which mean the same. The "ねば...." versions are noted by Makino & Tsutsui as being written-only forms. Should this be a note? Or should they be put in a separate entry? |
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Diff: | @@ -17 +17 @@ -<reb>ねばならぬ</reb> +<reb>ねばならない</reb> @@ -20 +20,4 @@ -<reb>ねばならない</reb> +<reb>なければいけません</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>なければならぬ</reb> @@ -26 +29,7 @@ -<reb>なければならぬ</reb> +<reb>ねばならぬ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ねばなるまい</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>なければなるまい</reb> @@ -32,0 +42 @@ +<s_inf>after neg. verb stem</s_inf> |
1. |
[exp]
▶ have to do ▶ must ▶ should ▶ ought to
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8. | A 2023-02-25 20:37:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
7. | A* 2023-02-25 15:25:28 dom <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts なければならない 15755700 64.2% なければなりません 2903247 11.8% なければいけない 2578274 10.5% なければいけません 583781 2.4% ねばならぬ 320639 1.3% ねばならない 1511774 6.2% ねばなりません 365218 1.5% なければならぬ 517718 2.1% なけばならない 5639 0.0% |
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Diff: | @@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -20,0 +22 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -23,0 +26 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -26,0 +30 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -29,0 +34 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -32,0 +38 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> |
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6. | A 2019-04-14 16:10:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | They're very useful for text glossing. |
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5. | A* 2019-04-14 12:15:22 Johan Råde <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Do we really need the ~ません forms? Aren't they implied by the ~ない forms? |
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4. | A 2018-08-03 05:25:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | なければならない 15755700 無ければならない 11716 |
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Comments: | I came across 無ければならない so I thought it possibly should be added. When I opened this entry I saw it would create an awful mess, so I thought I'd just add this note and creep away. |
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(show/hide 3 older log entries) |
1. |
[exp]
《after neg. verb stem》 ▶ ought to (verb) ▶ should (verb)
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4. | R 2016-04-10 12:07:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Rejecting the merge for now. |
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Diff: | @@ -14 +14 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">ねばならない</xref> +<xref type="see">ねばならない</xref> |
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3. | D* 2015-11-06 23:16:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Proposing merger with 1632350. |
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2. | A 2015-05-14 20:57:24 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Diff: | @@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>(after neg. verb stem) ought to (verb)</gloss> +<s_inf>after neg. verb stem</s_inf> +<gloss>ought to (verb)</gloss> |
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1. | A 2007-10-06 00:00:00 | |
Comments: | Entry created |
1. |
[n]
▶ active enzyme |
2. | A 2016-04-13 20:04:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 12:14:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | LSD, EIjiro, Kagaku, etc. |
1. |
[n]
▶ watermark (esp. digital)
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3. | A 2023-04-19 20:22:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2195950">電子透かし・でんしすかし</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2195950">電子透かし</xref> |
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2. | A 2016-04-13 19:57:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 12:24:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, Eijiro, n-grams |
1. |
[n]
▶ liver disease ▶ liver disorder ▶ hepatic disease |
2. | A 2016-04-13 20:02:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 22:47:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | LSD, GG5, 中辞典, Igaku, etc. |
1. |
[n,vs]
▶ decortication ▶ peeling ▶ denuding |
2. | A 2016-04-13 20:07:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 23:04:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, 医学英和辞典, LSD, Igaku, LSD |
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Comments: | Much of the usage is medical, but the Daijirin definition refers to trees, etc. |
1. |
[n]
▶ peeling |
2. | A 2016-04-13 19:52:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 23:09:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, KOD追加語彙, Kenchiku, etc. G n-grams 236k! |
1. |
[n]
▶ chemical peeling (esp. in cosmetic treatment) ▶ chemexfoliation |
2. | A 2016-04-13 19:56:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 23:14:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, GG5, KOD追加語彙, etc. |
1. |
[n]
▶ lure fishing ▶ fishing with a lure |
2. | A 2016-04-13 19:54:02 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2016-04-10 23:19:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, GG5, 中辞典, Eijiro, etc. N-grams 155k |
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Comments: | Daijr says it's wasei, but Google says it's quite common in English. |