JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1004600 Active (id: 1938412)
事によって [spec1]
【ことによって [spec1] 】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ via
▶ through
▶ by doing
▶ by means of
▶ using

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1313590 事による 1. depending on the circumstances
	⇒ see: 1313590 事による 2. due to (with modifying verb)

History:

3.	A 2016-11-03 10:36:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2016-11-03 09:42:17 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ことによって 5987902 事によって 532768
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
1.	A 2010-06-03 02:00:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1313590">事による</xref>

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jmdict 1004950 Active (id: 2193075)

ごっこ

1.

[suf]
▶ playing at (something)
▶ game of make-believe
▶ something done together

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1224200 鬼ごっこ【おにごっこ】 1. tag (children's game); tig
	⇐ see: 2837243 戦いごっこ【たたかいごっこ】 1. play-fighting
	⇐ see: 2837245 ヒーローごっこ 1. super hero play; playacting as action heroes

History:

6.	A 2022-06-26 22:25:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks.
5.	A* 2022-06-26 16:27:13 Jokkepalm <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The term is frequent in the Naruto anime. Especially, episode 114 the term Ninja-gokko is used about 3-4 times. In Chouji’s childhood they were ”playing ninjas”.
4.	A 2016-11-06 22:04:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree with Rene. I don't think it's a free-standing noun. Daijirin tags it "接尾" and GG5 and the other JEs have "-ごっこ" as the headword, which is their POS-less way of indicating it's a suffix.
3.	A* 2016-11-06 15:29:46 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not sure. A compound X + Y usually has the same PoS as Y. So if X + ごっこ is a noun, then ごっこ should be considered a noun. The problem is that we can can not distinguish between a noun that can be used as a suffix and noun that always is a suffix. --- How about [suf,n] for a noun that always is a suffix [n,suf] for a noun that can be used as a suffix
2.	A* 2016-11-06 04:42:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	it's not a noun unto itself, so i think just suf
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<pos>&suf;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2016-11-03 09:08:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Usually glossed as "playing at...".
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,2 @@ +<gloss>playing at (something)</gloss> +<gloss>game of make-believe</gloss> @@ -10 +11,0 @@ -<gloss>game of make-believe</gloss>

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jmdict 1009550 Active (id: 2298593)
に於いて [rK] ；に於て [rK]
【において [spec1] 】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ at (a time or place)
▶ in
▶ on

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1178920 於いて【おいて】 1. at (a time or place); in; on

2.

[exp] [uk]
▶ in (a situation, matter, etc.)
▶ on (a point)
▶ when it comes to
▶ regarding
▶ with respect to
▶ in (terms of)
▶ as to
▶ as for

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1178920 於いて【おいて】 2. in (a situation, matter, etc.); on (a point); when it comes to; regarding; with respect to; in (terms of); as to; as for

3.

[exp] [uk]
▶ on the part of
▶ under the authority of
▶ in the name of

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1178920 於いて【おいて】 3. on the part of; under the authority of; in the name of

History:

12.	A 2024-04-19 23:42:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	I indexed the rest.
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26,3 @@ +<gloss>in (a situation, matter, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>on (a point)</gloss> +<gloss>when it comes to</gloss>
11.	A 2024-04-19 11:37:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've indexed a couple. It's difficult deciding which sense they apply to.
10.	A* 2024-04-18 23:00:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A 2024-04-18 23:00:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Approving and reopening as a reminder to (re)index the sentences. Many of them seem to be for sense 2.
8.	A* 2024-04-16 21:28:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij に於て 161,961 0.4% - gg5, daijs に於いて 559,994 1.4% - daijr において 40,700,451 98.3% --- 時点において 241,461 時点に置いて 1,055 の名において 35,365 の名に置いて 169 平時において 5,195 平時に置いて 26
	Comments:	Splitting into senses. Only a tiny proportion of に置いて usage is this expression. I think it should be dropped.
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5,2 @@ -<keb>に於て</keb> +<keb>に於いて</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -8,6 +9,2 @@ -<keb>に於いて</keb> -<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>に置いて</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<keb>に於て</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -21,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>at (a time or place)</gloss> @@ -24 +22,8 @@ -<gloss>at (place)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>regarding</gloss> +<gloss>with respect to</gloss> +<gloss>in (terms of)</gloss> +<gloss>as to</gloss> @@ -26 +31,7 @@ -<gloss>regarding</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>on the part of</gloss> +<gloss>under the authority of</gloss> +<gloss>in the name of</gloss>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2024-04-16 13:23:20 GM
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉, https://www.edrdg.org/jmwsgi/entr.py?svc=jmdict&sid=&q=1178920.1
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>に於て</keb> +</k_ele>
6.	A 2016-11-03 05:29:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-11-03 05:04:05 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: において 40700451 に於いて 559994 に置いて 3330780
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4.	A 2010-11-22 18:08:59 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"iK" was only entered as parenthesized text
	Diff:	@@ -8,1 +8,2 @@ -<keb>に置いて(iK)</keb> +<keb>に置いて</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
3.	A* 2010-11-22 17:15:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I have approved it, but it won't help the Translate Words, which will still go for 置く. I have added 置いて to the 於いて entry, which is what is actually picked up by the Translate Words function.
2.	A 2010-11-22 17:03:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-11-21 06:59:40 Hendrik
	Refs:	Text at hand: 拙意の立脚点を、自分の故郷である＃＃＃に置いて、その立場からこの問題を整理したのである。
	Comments:	For Jim: Not the first time i've seen this misapplied kanji, although overall such cases are probably rare. Right now, when using "Translate Words", this kind of text brings up the meaning of 置く, which is misleading. However, if we expand this entry with the "iK", as i suggest above we solve one problem and create another one: in cases where に置いて is linked with another verb, such as おきました (not uncommon) or （い）きました it would, of course, literally mean that some thing/item was 置いておきました/置いて（い）きました (in some place). In those cases using "Translate Words" should actually return the meaning for 置く and not において. In other words, the context is all-important! So... can this kind of context be written into the lookup function (even if the user does not see any of it)?
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>に置いて(iK)</keb>

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jmdict 1009600 Active (id: 2078900)
に取って [spec1]
【にとって [spec1] 】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ to
▶ for
▶ from the standpoint of
▶ as far as ... is concerned

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2785390 に取りまして【にとりまして】 1. to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned

History:

7.	A 2020-08-17 23:27:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2020-08-17 12:51:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	DIJG
	Comments:	I don't think "concerning" or "regarding" is right. X-ref probably not helpful.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +13,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る・1</xref> @@ -18 +17 @@ -<gloss>concerning</gloss> +<gloss>from the standpoint of</gloss> @@ -20 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>regarding</gloss>
5.	A 2016-11-03 05:30:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2016-11-03 05:06:28 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: にとって 29787539 に取って 865259
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
3.	A 2013-05-05 08:45:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's worth doing. I have drafted it.
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2013-05-05 00:16:57 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I ran across にとりまして, which seems to be a humble/polite version of にとって, but I've not added a new entry for it at this point, because I'm not sure if it should have one, so I thought I'd leave it to your discretion. I found some more examples at http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/にとりまして
1.	A 2010-12-16 00:00:36 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る</xref> @@ -15,3 +13,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る・2</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る・3</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る・4</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1326980">取る・1</xref>

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jmdict 1009640 Active (id: 1938383)
に因って [spec1] ；に依って
【によって [spec1] 】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ according to
▶ by (means of)
▶ due to
▶ because of

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2076730 に因り【により】 1. according to; by (means of); due to; because of
	⇐ see: 1009650 によって異なる【によってことなる】 1. to differ depending on ...
	⇐ see: 1009680 に拠れば【によれば】 1. according to (someone)

History:

2.	A 2016-11-03 05:30:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 05:00:25 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: によって 71197353 に因って 22021 に依って 59795
	Comments:	に因って is the preferred kanji form according to daijs
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -11,0 +13 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmdict 1009660 Active (id: 1983134)
に依る [spec1] ；に因る；に拠る
【による [spec1] 】

1.

[exp,v5r] [uk]
▶ by means of
▶ due to
▶ because of
▶ according to

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1313590 事による【ことによる】 1. depending on the circumstances
	⇐ see: 2831295 に依らず【によらず】 1. in contrast to; despite

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2018-06-23 00:00:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	If we were starting from scratch probably not. Now I'm a bit reluctant to zap expressions we've had for 20 years (and also have to deal with the 90+ sentences linked to it.)
6.	A* 2018-06-22 11:35:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Do we need this entry? These meanings are covered by the よる entry (1168660). よる is virtually always used with に so I don't think this entry is particularly helpful.
5.	A 2018-06-21 07:58:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Best left as "exp" alone.
4.	A* 2018-06-14 15:59:43 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	does this need an adj-f tag? for pos/gloss agreement
3.	A 2016-11-03 05:31:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2016-11-03 05:17:33 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: による 101875595 に依る 96329 に因る 50203 に拠る 69602
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
1.	A 2010-11-13 02:06:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>

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jmdict 1009690 Deleted (id: 2049463)
に違いない [spec1]
【にちがいない [spec1] 】

1.

[exp]
▶ I am sure
▶ no doubt that
▶ must
▶ must have (done)

History:

9.	D 2019-10-09 01:09:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just adding a note that there were still about 240 Tanaka sentences indexed to this entry. I've changed them to 違いない.
8.	D 2018-10-31 03:56:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	One week on and no further comment. I'll approve the deletion.
7.	D* 2018-10-24 02:42:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	違いない 2351291 に違いない 2123745
	Comments:	I agree that there's really not a case for having both 違いない and に違いない as entries.
6.	A* 2018-10-20 22:18:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
5.	A 2018-10-20 22:18:40 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	close and reopen to clean up the queue. see previous comments
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2018-10-13 14:05:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Good points. It's something I'd like to discuss when I get back from travelling.
3.	A* 2018-10-09 06:08:41 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	違いない is already an entry and I've suggested adding a note saying it's often "にちがいない". I feel an antipathy for entries that start with a particle that really are part of the preceding subject and even if it's not a policy, it's something we do already avoid in most cases. If we ever need to include entries like these, I think the criteria for inclusion shouldn't be how common the expression is, but rather whether the pared down entry (e.g. 違いない in this case) provides all the user might need to understand the expression or not. In this case, に違いない and 違いない are essentially the same entry so this doesn't seem necessary at all, to me.
2.	A 2016-11-03 05:31:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 05:10:14 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: に違いない 2123745 にちがいない 194087
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmdict 1009740 Active (id: 2275076)
に関して [spec1] ；に関しちゃ [sK]
【にかんして [spec1] 】

1.

[exp]
▶ regarding ...
▶ concerning ...
▶ about ...
▶ on ...
▶ with respect to ...
▶ in regard to ...

History:

7.	A 2023-08-20 23:15:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	に関して 27134896 100.0% に関しちゃ 9200 0.0%
6.	A* 2023-08-20 21:34:02
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>に関しちゃ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
5.	A* 2023-08-20 17:07:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -14,3 +14,6 @@ -<gloss>related to</gloss> -<gloss>in relation to</gloss> -<gloss>as far as ... is concerned</gloss> +<gloss>regarding ...</gloss> +<gloss>concerning ...</gloss> +<gloss>about ...</gloss> +<gloss>on ...</gloss> +<gloss>with respect to ...</gloss> +<gloss>in regard to ...</gloss>
4.	A 2019-04-11 12:25:38 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +15,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense>
3.	A* 2019-04-11 10:52:56 Sylvia Weninger
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,3 @@ +<sense> +<gloss>as far as ... is concerned</gloss> +</sense>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2016-11-03 05:31:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 05:08:00 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: に関して 27134896 にかんして 70879
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmdict 1009800 Active (id: 2090884)
に対して [spec1] ；に對して [oK]
【にたいして [spec1] 】

1.

[exp]
▶ towards
▶ against
▶ regarding
▶ in contrast with

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1009810 に対する 1. regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
	⇐ see: 1409820 対して【たいして】 1. for; in regard to; per

History:

6.	A 2020-12-30 20:28:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	に対して 30710155 に對して 21438
	Comments:	Rather marginal.
5.	A* 2020-12-30 16:03:03 Daru <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.weblio.jp/content/に對して
	Comments:	旧字体
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>に對して</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2016-11-03 05:32:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-11-03 05:05:09 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: に対して 30710155 にたいして 322495
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2012-09-05 05:03:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	gg5 has it, as do multiple dictionaries of grammar. i see no reason to delete it
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1009810">に対する</xref>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	D* 2012-09-05 03:22:03 Marcus
	Comments:	there's already に対する as well as 対する

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jmdict 1009810 Active (id: 2090885)
に対する [spec1] ；に對する [oK]
【にたいする [spec1] 】

1.

[exp]
▶ regarding
▶ in
▶ to
▶ towards
▶ with regards to

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1009800 に対して 1. towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
	⇐ see: 2567590 に対し【にたいし】 1. towards; against; regarding; in contrast with

History:

6.	A 2020-12-30 20:29:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-12-30 16:07:25 Daru <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.weblio.jp/content/對
	Comments:	旧字体, same as に対して
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>に對する</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2016-11-03 05:32:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-11-03 05:02:06 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: に対する 43845439 にたいする 209763
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2012-09-05 05:26:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	に対する is here as a non-conjugating form (i.e., something like an adj-f), just as gg5 has it. perhaps adj-f (although i don't know that i'd say that "concerning" is really an adjective), but as the english glosses suggest, this entry is not intended to be vs-s.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<xref type="see">に対して</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1009800">に対して</xref>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-09-05 03:36:21 Marcus
	Comments:	I see this was already discussed 2 years ago, but I think に対し, に対して are unnecessary and that this should be marked vs-s (though I personally think even this entry is unnecessary as long as there is 対する). I mean, they ARE conjugated forms of 対する. To illustrate, "に対しまして" also gets loads of hits ( 14.3m), as does "に対します"　(826k).
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1009800">に対して</xref> +<xref type="see">に対して</xref>

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jmdict 1013080 Active (id: 2049853)
揺ら揺ら [ichi1]
【ゆらゆら [ichi1] ；ユラユラ (nokanji) 】

1.

[adv,adv-to,vs] [uk,on-mim]
▶ swaying
▶ swinging
▶ rocking
▶ shaking
▶ wavering
▶ flickering

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2019-10-15 11:25:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2019-10-15 07:38:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ユラユラ 106368 揺ら揺ら 5659 ゆらゆら 821129 https://onomatopedia.jp/
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ユラユラ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -16,0 +21 @@ +<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
6.	A 2017-05-25 10:53:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Trimming. So many unnecessary glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -17,2 +17 @@ -<gloss>slow swaying</gloss> -<gloss>rolling from side to side</gloss> +<gloss>swaying</gloss> @@ -20,9 +19,4 @@ -<gloss>wobbling</gloss> -<gloss>shake</gloss> -<gloss>swing</gloss> -<gloss>waver</gloss> -<gloss>roll</gloss> -<gloss>rock</gloss> -<gloss>tremble</gloss> -<gloss>vibration</gloss> -<gloss>flicker</gloss> +<gloss>rocking</gloss> +<gloss>shaking</gloss> +<gloss>wavering</gloss> +<gloss>flickering</gloss>
5.	A* 2017-05-24 16:07:36 Mislav Blažević <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s
	Comments:	refs say （副）スル, not a noun.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos>
4.	A 2016-11-04 11:10:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2016-11-04 11:06:13 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
2.	A 2016-11-04 00:07:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 14:36:15 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@ +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -14 +15,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos>

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jmdict 1136810 Active (id: 2224202)
ＵＦＯ
【ユーフォー；ユー・エフ・オー；ユーフオー [sk] ；ユーエフオー [sk] 】

1.

[n]
▶ unidentified flying object
▶ UFO

History:

7.	A 2023-03-10 00:08:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
6.	A* 2023-03-09 17:33:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	ユーフォー is the most common reading. I think it should lead.
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>ユー・エフ・オー</reb> +<reb>ユーフォー</reb> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<reb>ユーフォー</reb> +<reb>ユー・エフ・オー</reb>
5.	A 2023-03-09 02:42:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Style change.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<reb>ユー・エフ・オー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -11 +14,2 @@ -<reb>ユーエフオー</reb> +<reb>ユーフオー</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -14,5 +18,2 @@ -<reb>ユーフオー</reb> -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ユー・エフ・オー</reb> +<reb>ユーエフオー</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A 2016-11-06 23:10:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
3.	A* 2016-11-06 17:37:34 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Tatoeba
	Comments:	16 ＵＦＯ and 5 ユーフォー
	Diff:	@@ -22 +21,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2016-11-03 07:16:06 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 00:33:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5. N-grams: ユーフォー 12084 ユーフオー < 20 ユーエフオー 913 ユー・エフ・オー 353
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,10 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ユーエフオー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ユーフオー</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ユー・エフ・オー</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -11,0 +22 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>

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jmdict 1141940 Active (id: 1938534)

リテラシー；リテラシ；リタラシー [ik]

1.

[n]
▶ literacy

History:

2.	A 2016-11-06 04:38:01 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 09:53:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: リテラシ 17202 リテラシー 205868 リタラシー 1289
	Comments:	Came across リタラシー.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>リテラシー</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -8 +11,2 @@ -<reb>リテラシー</reb> +<reb>リタラシー</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>

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jmdict 1224200 Active (id: 2082091)
鬼ごっこ
【おにごっこ】

1.

[n]
▶ tag (children's game)
▶ tig

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1004950 ごっこ 1. playing at (something); game of make-believe; something done together
	⇐ see: 2745220 色鬼【いろおに】 1. color tag (children's game)
	⇐ see: 1224190 鬼【おに】 4. it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.)
	⇐ see: 2850991 変わり鬼【かわりおに】 1. (game of) tag in which the tagged player becomes "it"

History:

4.	A 2020-09-23 21:26:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It was"tiggy" in my childhood.
3.	A 2020-09-23 21:07:32 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	never heard "tig" in my life, but lo and behold it is in the dictionary
2.	A* 2020-09-23 18:58:38 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 wiki
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>game of tag</gloss> +<gloss>tag (children's game)</gloss> +<gloss>tig</gloss>
1.	A 2016-11-03 09:10:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1004950">ごっこ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1004950">ごっこ</xref>

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jmdict 1270210 Active (id: 1938424)
お陰で [spec1] ；お蔭で；御蔭で；御陰で
【おかげで [spec1] 】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ thanks to ...
▶ owing to ...
▶ because of ...

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1001640 お蔭【おかげ】 3. effects; influence

History:

4.	A 2016-11-03 21:59:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-11-03 13:19:28 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: おかげで 7200340 お陰で 1629092 お蔭で 121563 御蔭で 16464 御陰で 15961
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -17,0 +19 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2.	A 2012-04-30 08:17:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-30 06:21:20 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	merging in 2220590 with its superior general glosses
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>お陰で</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>お蔭で</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,1 +14,1 @@ -<keb>お蔭で</keb> +<keb>御陰で</keb> @@ -15,3 +21,5 @@ -<gloss>thanks to you</gloss> -<gloss>owing to you</gloss> -<gloss>because of you</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1001640">お蔭・おかげ・3</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>thanks to ...</gloss> +<gloss>owing to ...</gloss> +<gloss>because of ...</gloss>

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jmdict 1387080 Active (id: 2101875)
蝉 [ichi1,news2,nf35] ；蟬 [oK]
【せみ [ichi1,news2,nf35] ；せび [ok] ；セミ (nokanji) 】

1.	[n] ▶ cicada ▶ locust
2.	[n] ▶ small-sized pulley

History:

12.	A 2021-05-06 05:50:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, I know that cicada and locust are not the same, and that 蝉 is a cicada, but many Americans call cicadas "locusts", so JE dictionaries tend to have both. The 中辞典 has "《米》 a locust" in its 蝉 entry.
11.	A* 2021-05-06 05:09:03 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://ag.tennessee.edu/EPP/Pages/cicadas-hale/Common-Misconceptions-.aspx https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/millions-cicadas-emerging-now-united-states and many others
	Comments:	The gloss "locust" is wrong for this kanji and reading, although many people seem to believe that cicadas are a kind of locust, if we go by the many "debunking" articles about this issue on the web... By the way, locust is 蝗コウ or いなご or ばった (same character also in Chinese)
10.	A 2016-11-03 09:13:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2016-11-03 07:07:22 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
8.	A 2013-05-20 22:36:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2013-05-20 20:00:00 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,4 @@ +<reb>せび</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -28,0 +32,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>small-sized pulley</gloss> +</sense>
6.	A 2013-02-03 12:42:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, the comments I made earlier cover it - it's in the entry, but it is NOT the kanji commonly used these days.
5.	A* 2013-02-02 22:38:23 Francis
	Refs:	See below.
	Comments:	Nelson states that "蝉" is a non-standard form for "蟬". Wikipedia puts "蟬" first: "セミ（蟬・蝉）は、" You have it shown as being included above, but it still does not appear in the main entry as shown below:- 蝉【せみ(P); セミ】 (n) cicada; locust; (P) Rene suggested reference tools do not include it. So all in all it is a little confusing for a novice who may have looked at Wikipedia or Nelson first. Even if "蟬" is not the principal one, maybe it should still be in the main entry; especially as it is already included above. Maybe the problem lies in the data base of kanji because it does not come up on the kanji radical search either. I hope that is useful. [Having pressed the "Next button", I see that the matter has already been discussed, but I shall still submit for the additional reference from the novice's point of view.]
4.	A 2012-10-26 10:39:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	蟬 is JIS X 0213, so it doesn't show in WWWJDIC, but it's not causing a problem.
3.	A 2012-05-15 05:38:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-05-12 01:50:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It doesn't. It might be your browser doing it. 蟬 is the old original kanji, and is in JIS X 0213, i.e. I can put it into the database, but it won't get to WWWJDIC as it is not in the (JIS X 0212-compatible) EUC-JP coding. 蝉 is the more simplified kanji that's been used in Japan for ages. I have added 蟬 as an alternative kanji in the database.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>蟬</keb>
1.	A* 2012-05-12 01:38:55 Hendrik
	Comments:	A question for Jim: how come the database _automatically and without a comment_ changes the kanji 蟬 (input) to 蝉 (output)? 8-) Unihan has them as 87EC and 8749, respectively...

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jmdict 1418990 Active (id: 1938389)
箪笥 [ichi1,news2,nf45] ；簞笥 [oK]
【たんす [ichi1,news2,nf45] ；タンス (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ chest of drawers
▶ bureau
▶ cabinet
▶ tansu
▶ dresser

History:

5.	A 2016-11-03 05:34:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's funny calling them old when they've only recently become available for use, but I think I agree,
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
4.	A* 2016-11-03 04:49:50 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think the forms with 簞, 蟬, 塚 etc. should be tagged [oK]
3.	A* 2016-11-03 04:26:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr (has 簞笥)
	Comments:	I notice that Daijirin has taken to using the traditional 簞 kanji (added to JIS X 213) instead of the more common 箪. Fortunately, at lease on the KOD site, searching for 箪笥 brings up the entry.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>簞笥</keb>
2.	A 2013-08-09 07:23:58 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-08-09 06:47:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ngrams, Google
	Comments:	Katakana form is the most common one.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>タンス</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1535190 Active (id: 1938398)
目をやる；目を遣る
【めをやる】

1.

[exp,v5r]
▶ to look towards

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2016-11-03 07:16:36 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2016-11-03 03:33:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>目を遣る</keb>
1.	A 2010-11-15 11:18:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>

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jmdict 1535270 Active (id: 1938428)
目を離す；目をはなす；目を放す [iK]
【めをはなす】

1.

[exp,v5s]
▶ to take one's eyes off

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2016-11-04 00:08:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-11-03 20:08:24 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 目を離す 76570 目をはなす 2469 目を放す 1702 めをはなす 61
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>目をはなす</keb>
4.	A 2011-08-15 08:17:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2011-08-15 05:19:29 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	783k hits
	Comments:	meikyo suggests it might be okay, so maybe not [iK]. no other dic has it
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>目を放す</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2010-08-23 07:21:27 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2010-08-22 04:53:02 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5s;</pos>

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jmdict 1812590 Rejected (id: 1938363)
満願
【まんがん】

1.

[n]
▶ 만원
▶ 일수를 정하여 신불(神佛)에 발원한 그 기한이 참 fulfilment of a vow
▶ fulfillment of a vow

History:

3.	R 2016-11-03 00:39:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I have emailed the submitter.
2.	A* 2016-11-02 06:19:23
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>원</gloss> +<gloss>만원</gloss>
1.	A* 2016-11-02 06:18:02 wnakswl <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>fulfilment of a vow</gloss> +<gloss>원</gloss> +<gloss>일수를 정하여 신불(神佛)에 발원한 그 기한이 참 fulfilment of a vow</gloss>

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jmdict 1951870 Active (id: 2061284)
石女；産まず女；不生女
【うまずめ；せきじょ (石女) [ok] ；しゃくにょ (石女) [ok] 】

1.

[n] [sens]
▶ barren woman
▶ sterile woman

History:

3.	A 2020-03-14 04:07:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	That second sense really needs its own entry, so I'm splitting it out. We wouldn't usually have a sense based only on a rare reading of only one of the surface forms. It's overstretching the 2/3 concept.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> @@ -22,0 +24 @@ +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> @@ -30,7 +31,0 @@ -<sense> -<stagr>せきじょ</stagr> -<stagr>しゃくにょ</stagr> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<misc>&arch;</misc> -<gloss>stone statue of a woman</gloss> -</sense>
2.	A* 2020-03-13 06:22:48 dine <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/石女-547165
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>しゃくにょ</reb> +<re_restr>石女</re_restr> +</r_ele> @@ -25,0 +30,7 @@ +<sense> +<stagr>せきじょ</stagr> +<stagr>しゃくにょ</stagr> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>stone statue of a woman</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2016-11-03 01:34:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: 石女 2124 不生女 65 うまずめ 753 産まず女 244
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>barren (sterile) woman</gloss> +<gloss>barren woman</gloss> +<gloss>sterile woman</gloss>

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jmdict 1979920 Active (id: 2096658)
貴方 [spec1]
【あんた [spec1] 】

1.

[pn] [col,uk]
《familiar form of あなた; oft. considered rude》
▶ you

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1223615 貴方【あなた】 1. you
	⇐ see: 2118260 あーた 1. you
	⇐ see: 2848629 あんたら 1. you (plural)

History:

5.	A 2021-03-11 01:13:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Trying to handle the あなた family is quite a challenge. I think this one is OK for now.
4.	A* 2021-03-10 00:51:40 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr 二人称。ごく親しい人や目下の人をさし示す。 nikk １近世後期、上位者に用いた。最初は遊里で用いられ、のち、一般化。＊洒・北廓鶏卵方「あんたはこねへだの京町のしわくちゃを」２現代、多く下位者に用いる。東京では卑俗な言い方であるが、関西では親愛の気持で言う。
	Comments:	I'm not sure if this should have a fam and or a derog tag, or just col. https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10109199230 東京中西部です。「おやじ」「オバサン」という呼称が似合いそうな初老男女のごく一部を除いて、「あんた」という語をまず口にすることに出会いません。もちろん、「あんた」という語に感じる語感は、「下品で無教養」です。大阪ですが、ほとんど使いません。家族や仲の良い友達にも、喧嘩ぐらいの時に昔は使ったかも、程度です。品のないおばちゃんは使ってる人がいます。あまり良い言葉とは思えません。初めて会った人に言われた時はびっくりしました。「下品な人！」って思ってしまいました。うちは関西圏なのでわりと普通に使われますが地域によってはダメでしょうね。 https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1496568274 Q: ... 私は自分の両親から『どんなに仲良くてもどんなに仲が悪くても, 人に向かって絶対に“あんた”と言ってはいけない』 ... A: 関西在住ですが、人間関係が親密ならOKですが、そうでない場合、完全に上から目線でないと、出てこないと思います。 ... 質問者様のご両親の意見に賛同します。身内以外で、使うと「品がない」ととられかねない言葉なんですよ。差別語というより、人を見下した、表現、と思います。 https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/1144271.html 私も、見ず知らずの人に急に「あんた」って言われたら、かなりむっとします。コンビニの店員に、「あんた」って言われたら、まず間違いなく「なんだその口調は？」と言い返すと思います。 ... ちなみに東京では、親しくても「あんた」はまず使いませんし、たいていの場合は馬鹿にされていると思うのではないでしょうか？私は、だいたいの場合は名前で呼びますね。自分より立場が上の人が使うのは，当然ですが，会話のなかで，そんな風に呼ばれたくないです。ちゃんと名前で「○○さん」と呼んでほしいです。以前に仕事中に上司から「あんたが・・」と言われました。（関西出身の方）聞いたとき，イヤな気分でした。たとえ上司からであっても。私の意見は、「親しんだ相手に」ということで、もちろん初対面では若干失礼だと感じます。でも、関西や中国地方だと、その失礼度も薄いのかもしれませんね。
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1223615">貴方・あなた・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1223615">貴方・あなた・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1223615">貴方・あなた・1</xref> +<misc>&col;</misc> @@ -15 +19 @@ -<s_inf>familiar form of あなた</s_inf> +<s_inf>familiar form of あなた; oft. considered rude</s_inf>
3.	A 2018-05-16 04:09:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update: deletion of adj-noBulk update: deletion of adj-no -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -14 +13,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2.	A 2016-11-03 00:40:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-02 15:11:11 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: あんた 3982092
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> @@ -14 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>you (familiar form of anata)</gloss> +<s_inf>familiar form of あなた</s_inf> +<gloss>you</gloss>

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jmdict 2215340 Active (id: 1938413)
事にする [spec1]
【ことにする [spec1] 】

1.

[exp,vs-i] [uk]
▶ to decide to

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2537620 事とする【こととする】 2. to decide to

2.

[exp,vs-i] [uk]
《after the past tense form of a verb》
▶ to pretend that

3.

[exp,vs-i] [uk]
《as 〜ことにしている》
▶ to make a practice of doing
▶ to make it a rule to

Conjugations

History:

11.	A 2016-11-03 10:37:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2016-11-03 09:35:22 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ことにする 1180858 事にする 177631
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
9.	A 2011-11-27 22:42:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	good catch
8.	A* 2011-11-27 21:24:23 Jean-Luc Leger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -27,1 +27,1 @@ -<s_inf>as 〜こといしている</s_inf> +<s_inf>as 〜ことにしている</s_inf>
7.	A 2010-11-23 05:11:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Oops.
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,0 @@ -<pos>&v1;</pos> @@ -20,1 +19,0 @@ -<pos>&v1;</pos> @@ -28,1 +26,0 @@ -<pos>&v1;</pos>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2010-11-23 05:04:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<pos>&v1;</pos> @@ -19,0 +20,1 @@ +<pos>&v1;</pos> @@ -26,0 +28,1 @@ +<pos>&v1;</pos>
5.	A 2010-10-05 21:52:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2010-10-04 23:35:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo ことに‐・する [連語] 1ある動作・行為が自分の意志で決めたものである意を表す。…こととする。「旅行は一人で行く―・した」【表現】→ようだ(7) 2《「…た―」の形で》事実に反して(都合よく)、そのように決める(みなす)意を表す。「このことは見なかった―」 3《「―・している」の形で》意志的な行為が自然に習慣化したものである意を表す。「家では仕事の話はしない―・している」
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,3 @@ -<pos>&vs-s;</pos> -<gloss>make a practice of doing</gloss> -<gloss>make it a rule to</gloss> +<pos>&vs-i;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>to decide to</gloss> @@ -18,2 +18,12 @@ -<pos>&vs-s;</pos> -<gloss>to pretend to</gloss> +<pos>&vs-i;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>after the past tense form of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>to pretend that</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&vs-i;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>as 〜こといしている</s_inf> +<gloss>to make a practice of doing</gloss> +<gloss>to make it a rule to</gloss>
3.	A 2010-09-20 04:25:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2010-09-19 22:30:42 Scott
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>事にする</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -5,1 +8,1 @@ -<reb>ことにしている</reb> +<reb>ことにする</reb> @@ -9,2 +12,8 @@ -<gloss>make a practice of (doing)</gloss> -<gloss>make it a rule to (do)</gloss> +<pos>&vs-s;</pos> +<gloss>make a practice of doing</gloss> +<gloss>make it a rule to</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&vs-s;</pos> +<gloss>to pretend to</gloss>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2266130 Active (id: 1938414)
事により [spec1]
【ことにより [spec1] 】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ by (means of)
▶ by doing
▶ due to
▶ via
▶ through

History:

3.	A 2016-11-03 10:37:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2016-11-03 09:43:45 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ことにより 7164463 事により 684529
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
1.	A 2008-04-01 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2454470 Active (id: 1938395)
顋門；顖門 [oK]
【ひよめき】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ fontanel
▶ fontanelle

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2239530 泉門 1. soft spot (in the skull of an infant); fontanelle; fontanel

History:

4.	A 2016-11-03 07:11:56 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-11-03 05:35:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
2.	A* 2016-11-03 00:59:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj,Daijr (have 顖門)
	Comments:	Odd one. 顖 (JIS212 kanji) is the "real" one, with a reading of ひよめき. For 顋門ひよめき is probably a gikun reading, as 顋 is a looks-like character.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>顖門</keb> @@ -12 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2239530">泉門</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2239530">泉門・1</xref>
1.	A 2009-06-20 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2526750 Active (id: 1938400)
電磁投射砲
【でんじとうしゃほう】

1.

[n]
▶ railgun
▶ [expl] firearm that uses electromagnetism to propel a projectile

History:

3.	A 2016-11-03 08:15:34 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>railgun (firearm that uses electromagnetism to propel a projectile)</gloss> +<gloss>railgun</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">firearm that uses electromagnetism to propel a projectile</gloss>
2.	A* 2016-11-03 07:40:36
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>railgun (firearm that uses electromagnetism to propell a projectile)</gloss> +<gloss>railgun (firearm that uses electromagnetism to propel a projectile)</gloss>
1.	A 2009-11-14 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2585220 Active (id: 2277563)
事がない [spec1] ；ことが無い [sK] ；事が無い [sK]
【ことがない [spec1] 】

1.

[exp,adj-i] [uk]
《after the past tense form of a verb》
▶ (something) has never occurred
▶ to have never done (something)
▶ such a thing has not happened

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1004540 事がある【ことがある】 1. (for something) to have occurred; to have done (something)

2.

[exp,adj-i] [uk]
▶ never happens
▶ there is never a time when

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1004540 事がある【ことがある】 2. (for something) to happen on occasion

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2023-09-20 10:07:53 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6.	A 2016-11-03 10:38:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-11-03 09:33:37 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ことがない 5472193 事がない 874360 ことが無い 718741 事が無い 437742
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4.	A 2015-10-04 03:01:45 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2015-10-03 15:58:17 luce
	Refs:	n-grams
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>事がない</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ことが無い</keb> +</k_ele>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2010-10-05 21:51:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-10-04 23:13:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, meikyo
	Comments:	complements our entry for ことがある

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jmdict 2644330 Active (id: 1938391)
に向けて [spec1]
【にむけて [spec1] 】

1.

[exp]
▶ towards (a destination)
▶ for the purpose of
▶ with the goal of
▶ targeting (a group, a demographic)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1277100 向ける 1. to turn (towards); to face; to point; to aim; to direct to

History:

5.	A 2016-11-03 05:35:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2016-11-03 05:09:14 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: に向けて 8273298 にむけて 516523
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
3.	A 2011-06-30 04:39:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Many examples (GG5 text, Tanaka, Eijiro, etc.)
	Comments:	I think it extends a bit beyond the bare meaning of 向ける. Worth adding.
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,2 @@ -<gloss>for the purpose of (a goal)</gloss> +<gloss>for the purpose of</gloss> +<gloss>with the goal of</gloss>
2.	A* 2011-06-29 04:56:50 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	see comment on jmdict 2644290. seems quite evident from the definition of 向ける. necessary?
1.	A* 2011-06-29 03:00:50 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Makino and Tsutsui, Advanced, p. 404

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jmdict 2830431 Active (id: 1938392)
夕蝉；夕ぜみ；夕蟬 [oK]
【ゆうぜみ】

1.

[n]
▶ cicada singing at dusk

History:

2.	A 2016-11-03 07:06:36 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
1.	A* 2016-11-02 00:28:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, Daijr, GG5
	Comments:	The latest Daijr uses 夕蟬 with the JIS213 kanji.

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jmdict 2830432 Active (id: 1938504)
蝦夷蝉；蝦夷蟬 [oK]
【えぞぜみ；エゾゼミ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ Lyristes japonicus (species of cicada)

History:

4.	A 2016-11-05 00:11:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-11-03 07:07:49 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2016-11-02 05:44:35 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	can't either
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<gloss>Lyristes japonicus</gloss> +<gloss>Lyristes japonicus (species of cicada)</gloss>
1.	A* 2016-11-02 00:40:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/エゾゼミ N-grams: えぞぜみ 31 蝦夷蝉 52 エゾゼミ 4088
	Comments:	Can't find a sound common name. Readers+ says lyreman/harvest fly/dog-day cicada. GG5 has "Tibicen japonicus", but Wikip says this is the former name.

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jmdict 2830434 Active (id: 1938365)

カーペットバッガー

1.

[n]
▶ carpetbagger

History:

2.	A 2016-11-03 00:42:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Eijiro
1.	A* 2016-11-02 14:22:24 Scott
	Refs:	wiki

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jmdict 2830437 Active (id: 2224192)
ＵＴＦ８；ＵＴＦ-８
【ユー・ティー・エフ・はち；ユー・ティー・エフ・エイト；ユーティーエフエイト [sk] 】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ UTF-8
▶ 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format

History:

4.	A 2023-03-09 22:12:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	[nokanji] isn't needed. We consider ワン, ツー, etc. to be valid readings of Arabic numerals.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<re_nokanji/> @@ -24 +22,0 @@ -<gloss>Unicode 8-bit UCS Transformation Format</gloss> @@ -25,0 +24 @@ +<gloss>8-bit Unicode Transformation Format</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-03-09 02:27:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijisen has ユーティーエフエイト. Both are in Wikip.
	Comments:	Mesyy style update. Maybe this works.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11,5 @@ -<reb>ユーティーエフはち</reb> +<reb>ユー・ティー・エフ・はち</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ユー・ティー・エフ・エイト</reb> +<re_nokanji/> @@ -15 +19 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A 2016-11-06 04:44:47 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	the merging of readings seems odd since there's generally some effort to split by language source (though different lang sources also generallt result in slightly different kana)
1.	A* 2016-11-03 00:17:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 http://www.weblio.jp/content/ユーティーエフエイト

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jmdict 2830438 Active (id: 1938556)
戦争ごっこ
【せんそうごっこ】

1.

[n]
▶ playing soldiers

History:

2.	A 2016-11-06 05:05:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 09:12:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 中辞典
	Comments:	Not the literal "playing war".

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jmdict 2830439 Active (id: 2060708)
チャイ語
【チャイご】

1.

[n] [sl]
▶ Chinese language (esp. as a college class)

History:

6.	A 2020-03-09 00:37:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Oops.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Chinese language (esp. as a collage class)</gloss> +<gloss>Chinese language (esp. as a college class)</gloss>
5.	A 2020-03-09 00:25:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think so either.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<s_inf>チャイ comes from チャイニーズ</s_inf>
4.	A* 2020-03-08 22:20:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: "〔チャイは Chinese の略〕" jitusyou: "中国語の意味で用いられる俗な言い方。もっぱら大学生が講義に関連して用いる表現。" hatena: "中国語の意味で用いられる俗な言い方。もっぱら大学生が講義に関連して用いる表現。"
	Comments:	Not sure we need the note.
	Diff:	@@ -13,3 +13,2 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<s_inf>from チャイナ語</s_inf> -<gloss>Chinese (language)</gloss> +<s_inf>チャイ comes from チャイニーズ</s_inf> +<gloss>Chinese language (esp. as a collage class)</gloss>
3.	A 2016-11-04 00:25:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2136289824818503301/2136290475720268703 G n-grams: 15277
	Comments:	チャイナ語 gets 191 in the Google n-grams. Don't know if it's worth an entry.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<s_inf>from チャイナ語</s_inf>
2.	A* 2016-11-03 21:17:20 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q103675950
	Comments:	We have フラ語, but not ドイ語 and スペ語
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2016-11-03 13:25:54 huixing
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/チャイ語-898852
	Comments:	おもに大学生が使う用語。

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jmdict 2830440 Active (id: 1938423)
あなた達；貴方達；貴方たち；貴女達；貴女たち
【あなたたち】

1.

[pn] [uk]
▶ you (plural)

History:

3.	A 2016-11-03 21:56:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2016-11-03 14:45:44 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 貴女達 5942 貴女たち 2668
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>貴女達</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>貴女たち</keb> +</k_ele>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 14:23:26 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 (example under 達) G n-grams: あなたたち 350239 あなた達 219685 貴方達 73182 貴方たち 32489

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jmnedict 5741339 Active (id: 2155556)
村田蓮舫
【むらたれんほう】

1.

[person]
▶ Renhō Murata (1967.11.28-)

History:

3.	A 2021-11-04 10:50:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Date format
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Renhō Murata (28.11.1967-)</gloss> +<gloss>Renhō Murata (1967.11.28-)</gloss>
2.	A 2016-11-03 07:12:41 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 03:39:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renhō https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/蓮舫
	Comments:	About time we had this entry.

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jmnedict 5741340 Active (id: 1938536)

フラアンジェリコ

1.

[person]
▶ Fra Angelico (1400-1455)

History:

2.	A 2016-11-06 04:38:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 22:02:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5

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jmnedict 5741341 Active (id: 1938535)

フラ・アンジェリコ

1.

[person]
▶ Fra Angelico (1400-1455)

History:

2.	A 2016-11-06 04:38:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-11-03 22:03:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5

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Search \| Advanced Search \| New Entry \| Submissions \| Help	wsgi/DB=jmdict

If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

1.	[exp,v5r] [uk] 《usu. sentence ending》 ▶ to have been decided (so) that ▶ to have been arranged (so) that
2.	[exp,v5r] [uk] ▶ to be the result (of) ▶ to be the outcome
3.	[exp,v5r] [uk] ▶ to be the reason (for)

8.	A 2018-07-08 22:13:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I feel the "to ..." is a bit strained, but I guess it's harmless.
7.	A* 2018-06-14 16:20:11 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Better?
	Diff:	@@ -17,2 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>it has been decided (so) that</gloss> -<gloss>it has been arranged (so) that</gloss> +<gloss>to have been decided (so) that</gloss> +<gloss>to have been arranged (so) that</gloss> @@ -24,2 +24,2 @@ -<gloss>it is the result (of)</gloss> -<gloss>it is the outcome</gloss> +<gloss>to be the result (of)</gloss> +<gloss>to be the outcome</gloss> @@ -31 +31 @@ -<gloss>it is the reason (for)</gloss> +<gloss>to be the reason (for)</gloss>
6.	A 2016-11-03 10:35:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-11-03 09:36:43 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: ことになる 9843627 事になる 1406808
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4.	A 2013-10-23 06:28:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	nikk has "たいへんな事態になる。大事になる。" but probably arch
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2013-10-13 18:26:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5
	Comments:	Adding the other meanings. ことになりかねない is probably worth an entry.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@ +<s_inf>usu. sentence ending</s_inf> @@ -17,0 +18,13 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>it is the result (of)</gloss> +<gloss>it is the outcome</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>it is the reason (for)</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A* 2013-10-13 16:07:57 Francis
	Refs:	See below.
	Comments:	The above entry is fairly basic when considered in the context of the usual criteria referred to on some of my submissions. However it does pick up 25m Google hits. When one searches for "ことになりかねない" which seems to be a more complete statement in use [and which picks up nearly 40m Google hits] it does not come up on the site. However, your [A] link gives quite a few examples of usage. As far as I can tell, it basically means "It could become a thing" with a connotation of a thing which could backfire, etc., if undertaken. I decided to ride on the back of the main entry above because I sort of imagined that a new submission for "ことになりかねない" may be simply rejected as not necessary, e.g., It could become a thing which thing is a thing which could face a rejection, so to speak. The other side is that if this suggestion is not fitting for the dictionary because it is a simple a + b statement with no particular idiomatic context, then maybe your team would wish to review the inclusion of the main entry above. Although personally, I would like to see both included.
1.	A 2010-11-15 11:18:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>

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