JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1006970 Active (id: 2215809)
其れ [rK] ；其 [sK]
【それ [ichi1] 】

1.

[pn] [uk]
《indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind》
▶ that
▶ it

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1628530 【これ】 1. this; this one
	⇔ see: 1000580 【あれ】 1. that; that thing
	⇔ see: 1009290 【どれ】 1. which (of three or more)

2.

[pn] [uk]
▶ then
▶ that point (in time)
▶ that time

3.

[pn] [arch]
《indicating a place near the listener》
▶ there

4.

[pn] [arch]
▶ you

History:

21.	A 2022-12-15 10:31:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
20.	A* 2022-12-15 00:56:09 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	rare and irregular
	Diff:	@@ -10,2 +10 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
19.	A 2022-08-30 03:49:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding そら to other entries would be messy as it doesn't seem to apply to all senses and would lead to restrictions. The references are all over the place for それ, そら, etc. I'm inclined to leave it where it is.
18.	A* 2022-08-09 12:30:20
	Comments:	Sorry for not making a better case. I get "take that" from Daijr それ [1] （感）〔代名詞「それ」から〕相手の注意を喚起したり指示したりするときに用いる語。そら。「―急げ」 but it might not be a good translation. THere is already a そら entry - maybe それ belongs as a reading there rather than as an additional meaning here? However, that entry also has a meaning that is equivalent to それは - maybe that should be split out from there and merged with そりゃ? i.e. as now, 3 entries, except それ (this entry), as-is それ、そら [int] "here!;there! そりゃ;そら [exp] that is
	Diff:	@@ -33,5 +32,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>∫</pos> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<gloss>take that</gloss>
17.	A* 2022-08-09 12:15:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	??
	Comments:	1. Any reference for "take that"? I'm not seeing it anywhere. 2. We already have a そりゃ/それは entry (2134680), and entries for そら (1959910) and それ (2216210).
(show/hide 16 older log entries)
16.	A* 2022-08-08 10:57:20
	Comments:	maybe have 3 entries: それそれ;そら hey! そりゃ;それは that is
	Diff:	@@ -32,0 +33,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>∫</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>take that</gloss>
15.	A 2022-04-01 23:02:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yep.
	Diff:	@@ -7 +6,0 @@ -<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
14.	A* 2022-04-01 22:59:16 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	これ, あれ, and どれ all have [rK] tags on their respective kanji forms. I suspect this one should too?
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -10,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
13.	A 2020-12-02 21:30:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -18,3 +18,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1009290">何れ・1</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1628530">此れ・1</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1000580">彼・あれ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1628530">これ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1000580">あれ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1009290">どれ・1</xref> @@ -27,0 +28,3 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>then</gloss> +<gloss>that point (in time)</gloss> @@ -29 +31,0 @@ -<gloss>then</gloss>
12.	A 2020-12-01 22:51:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2020-12-01 18:25:11 Frazer Robinson
	Comments:	aligning
	Diff:	@@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1628530">此れ・1</xref> @@ -24 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind)</gloss> +<s_inf>indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind</s_inf> +<gloss>that</gloss> @@ -35 +35,2 @@ -<gloss>there (indicating a place near the listener)</gloss> +<s_inf>indicating a place near the listener</s_inf> +<gloss>there</gloss>
10.	A 2019-05-08 00:23:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/pronouns/types-of-pronouns.html
	Comments:	It passes the "noun substitute" test. You don't usually get "then" in pronoun lists but I can't see why it wouldn't be one.
9.	A* 2019-05-07 06:13:30 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	is "that time;then" really pn?
8.	A 2018-05-16 23:12:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -28 +26,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -34 +31,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -40 +36,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
7.	A 2015-05-31 04:53:59 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2015-05-30 00:59:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pronouns
	Comments:	Standardizing the POS tags for pronouns.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&pn;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -26 +27,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&pn;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -31 +33,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&pn;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -36 +39,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&pn;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
5.	A 2013-05-06 23:38:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	WWWJDIC bug. I have fixed it.
4.	A* 2013-05-06 16:32:22 Francis
	Refs:	See below.
	Comments:	The link for "此れ .1" does not see to work, see:- No match - original key: 此れ .1 [G][S][A] Propose a new entry for 此れ .1, or search all dictionaries.
3.	A 2013-02-17 23:11:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-17 22:29:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>其</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
1.	A 2010-09-02 06:22:13 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	tightening x-refs
	Diff:	@@ -14,3 +14,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1009290">何れ</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1628530">此れ</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1000580">彼・あれ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1009290">何れ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1628530">此れ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1000580">彼・あれ・1</xref>

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jmdict 1011740 Active (id: 1980255)
本の [ichi1,news1,nf07]
【ほんの [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.

[adj-pn] [uk]
▶ mere
▶ only
▶ just
▶ slight

History:

4.	A 2018-05-26 16:36:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	Agreed.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>slight</gloss>
3.	A* 2018-05-23 09:16:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think "not even (with negative verb)" adds much. It's a perfectly good translation when it's in a negated sentence if we also attach a も, yes, but I feel like such usage notes should be [notes] and then apply to every sense, and that the "even" is implied in the も, not in this word by itself.
	Diff:	@@ -22 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>not even (with negative verb)</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:41:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 01:38:34 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>not even (with negative verb)</gloss>

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jmdict 1013240 Active (id: 2184318)

らしい [ichi1]

1.

[adj-i,aux-adj]
《expresses judgement based on evidence, reason or trustworthy hearsay》
▶ seeming ...
▶ appearing ...

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2423070 らしくない 1. unusual; different

2.

[suf,adj-i]
《after a noun, adverb or adj. stem》
▶ -ish
▶ like a ...
▶ typical of ...
▶ appropriate for ...
▶ becoming of ...
▶ worthy of the name ...

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2827332 らしき 1. -ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
	⇐ see: 2835828 らしからぬ 1. uncharacteristic; unbefitting; unworthy (of)
	⇐ see: 2423070 らしくない 1. unusual; different

Conjugations

History:

11.	A 2022-04-25 20:47:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2022-04-25 17:17:29 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning part-of-speech inflection information for auxiliary adjectives
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
9.	A 2020-10-07 04:03:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll close this.
8.	A* 2020-09-30 06:47:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's really sense 1 being used solo. Lots of terms can be used that way - やっぱり is formally an adverb, but you hear it solo too. I'm not sure it warrants its own sense.
7.	A* 2020-09-29 02:40:25
	Refs:	Private LINE conversation: A: 前みたいな蜘蛛？ B: らしい。 B is in her 60s.
	Comments:	Also used not as a suffix but by itself!
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2020-08-29 08:18:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<s_inf>after a noun, adverb or adjective stem</s_inf> +<s_inf>after a noun, adverb or adj. stem</s_inf>
5.	A 2018-05-25 11:16:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	More odd characters.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<s_inf>expresses judgment based on evidence, reason or trustworthy hearsay</s_inf> +<s_inf>expresses judgement based on evidence, reason or trustworthy hearsay</s_inf> @@ -17 +17 @@ -<s_inf>after a noun, adverb or adjective stem</s_inf> +<s_inf>after a noun, adverb or adjective stem</s_inf> @@ -23 +23 @@ -<gloss>worthy of the name ...</gloss> +<gloss>worthy of the name ...</gloss>
4.	A 2018-05-24 03:19:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The note should prob be trimmed.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10,2 @@ -<gloss>seeming ... (expresses judgment based on evidence, reason or trustworthy hearsay)</gloss> +<s_inf>expresses judgment based on evidence, reason or trustworthy hearsay</s_inf> +<gloss>seeming ...</gloss> @@ -16 +17 @@ -<s_inf>after a noun, adverb or adjective stem</s_inf> +<s_inf>after a noun, adverb or adjective stem</s_inf> @@ -22 +23 @@ -<gloss>worthy of the name ...</gloss> +<gloss>worthy of the name ...</gloss>
3.	A 2018-05-23 05:56:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fixed.
2.	A* 2018-04-27 08:11:19 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Jim, in Tatoeba there are 10 examples where だったらしい has been mistagged だったら{だった} らしい
1.	A 2013-02-17 23:05:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	=>note
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>(after a noun, adverb or adjective stem) -ish</gloss> +<s_inf>after a noun, adverb or adjective stem</s_inf> +<gloss>-ish</gloss>

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jmdict 1047260 Active (id: 2238232)

グルーヴィー；グルービー；グルーヴィ

1.

[adj-na]
▶ groovy

History:

5.	A 2023-05-23 10:57:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think グルービ can be dropped.
	Diff:	@@ -12,4 +11,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>グルービ</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A* 2023-05-22 03:41:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	グルービー 20684 28.6% グルービ 89 0.1% グルーヴィー 34396 47.6% グルーヴィ 17149 23.7% グルーヴィー 34396 グルーヴィーな 18569 グルーヴィーの 113
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>グルーヴィー</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,0 +13,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>グルービ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> @@ -11 +18 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
3.	A 2013-02-18 22:46:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-17 23:58:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gakken katakana dictionary
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>グルーヴィ</reb>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 23:39:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	リーダーズ+プラス
	Diff:	@@ -8,1 +8,1 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>

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jmdict 1094530 Active (id: 2184595)

ハードコア；ハード・コア

1.	[adj-na] ▶ hardcore
2.	[n] ▶ hardcore (music)
3.	[n] ▶ hardcore pornography
4.	[n] ▶ hard core (of a group, movement, etc.)

History:

4.	A 2022-04-28 23:21:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-04-28 22:58:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s
	Comments:	I think this is clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@ +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<gloss>hardcore</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -12,5 +16,9 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>hard-core (music, porn, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>hardcore</gloss> -<gloss>hard core (fruit, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>hardcore (music)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>hardcore pornography</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>hard core (of a group, movement, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-18 00:39:51 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 23:39:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 (has 4 senses).
	Comments:	See rejected 2772010. Both "ハードコアな" and "ハードコアの" get a lot of hits.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ハード・コア</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,1 +12,5 @@ -<gloss>hard-core</gloss> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>hard-core (music, porn, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>hardcore</gloss> +<gloss>hard core (fruit, etc.)</gloss>

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jmdict 1185920 Active (id: 1961802)
下地 [news1,nf17]
【したじ [news1,nf17] 】

1.

[n]
▶ groundwork
▶ foundation

2.

[n]
▶ inclination
▶ aptitude
▶ elementary knowledge (of)
▶ grounding (in)

3.

[n]
▶ undercoat
▶ first coat

4.

[n]
▶ soy sauce

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2771780 お下地 1. soy sauce; shoyu

History:

3.	A 2017-10-09 18:37:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23,2 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>elementary knowledge of</gloss> -<gloss>grounding in</gloss> +<gloss>elementary knowledge (of)</gloss> +<gloss>grounding (in)</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 02:45:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -33,1 +33,1 @@ -<xref type="see">お下地</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2771780">お下地</xref>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 09:22:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, prog, nc
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -22,6 +25,10 @@ -<gloss>prearrangement</gloss> -<gloss>spadework</gloss> -<gloss>signs</gloss> -<gloss>symptoms</gloss> -<gloss>first coat of plastering</gloss> -<gloss>soy</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>undercoat</gloss> +<gloss>first coat</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see">お下地</xref> +<gloss>soy sauce</gloss>

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jmdict 1193630 Active (id: 1124418)
火の玉 [news2,nf31]
【ひのたま [news2,nf31] 】

1.	[n] ▶ fireball ▶ ball of fire
2.	[n] ▶ will-o'-the-wisp ▶ jack-o'-lantern

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:57:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc.
1.	A* 2013-02-15 10:08:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	"falling star" is not in kenkyusha daijs １球状の火のかたまり。特に、夜、墓地などで空中を飛ぶという火のかたまり。鬼火。人魂(ひとだま)。 daij have an additional, figurative sense: daijr: "［2］勢いの激しいものやそのさまにたとえていう語" daijs: "激しく闘志を燃やすようすなどをたとえていう語。「―となって戦う」"
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,0 @@ -<gloss>falling star</gloss> @@ -18,0 +17,6 @@ +<gloss>ball of fire</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>will-o'-the-wisp</gloss> +<gloss>jack-o'-lantern</gloss>

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jmdict 1203380 Active (id: 2224602)
外科 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
【げか [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.

[n]
▶ surgery (branch of medicine)

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1457830 内科 1. internal medicine

2.

[n]
▶ department of surgery

History:

5.	A 2023-03-14 00:24:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>surgery (medical field)</gloss> +<gloss>surgery (branch of medicine)</gloss>
4.	A* 2023-03-13 21:18:21 Anonymous
	Refs:	新明解国語辞典　第五板　：　けがや病気を手術などによって治す、臨床医学の一部門。 goo : 手術的な方法によって病気やけがなどを治療する医学の分野。 wiktionary's "surgery": 1. A procedure... ; 2. The medical specialty...
	Comments:	In common speech the word "surgery" more commonly refers to the act itself than to the field (it can mean either). The word "外科" refers to the field (分野,部門), but not to the act. The single word "surgery" is ambiguous for beginners who don't yet thoroughly understand the kanji "科"; they may see the first and second definitions as being contrasted and think the first definition refers to the act. Thus it is better to explicitly specify so as to clearly differentiate the word from 手術 (the act / "operation"). ("Surgery" is built from Greek roots meaning "hand" + "work" just like 手術.)
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>surgery</gloss> +<gloss>surgery (medical field)</gloss>
3.	A 2022-02-02 12:27:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -24,2 +23 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>department of surgery (hospital, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>department of surgery</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 23:56:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 23:36:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	prog, nc, gg5, eij, nipponica, wiki
	Comments:	splitting senses as in the entry for 内科
	Diff:	@@ -19,1 +19,7 @@ -<gloss>surgical department</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1457830">内科・1</xref> +<gloss>surgery</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>department of surgery (hospital, etc.)</gloss>

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jmdict 1204240 Active (id: 1124415)
外来 [news1,nf11]
【がいらい [news1,nf11] 】

1.

[adj-no,n]
▶ foreign
▶ imported

2.

[n,adj-no] [abbr]
▶ outpatient
▶ outpatient care
▶ outpatient clinic
▶ outpatient ward

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1204250 外来患者 1. outpatients

History:

4.	A 2013-02-17 23:54:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-17 23:50:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: 「外来患者」の略。あるいは、外来患者に対する診療（室）のこと。
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -16,3 +17,1 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<gloss>external origin</gloss> +<gloss>foreign</gloss> @@ -24,0 +23,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1204250">外来患者</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> @@ -25,5 +26,3 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2771970">外来科</xref> -<gloss>(col) outpatient department</gloss> +<gloss>outpatient care</gloss> +<gloss>outpatient clinic</gloss> +<gloss>outpatient ward</gloss>
2.	A* 2013-02-17 15:56:58 Hendrik
	Comments:	Regarding sense 2, it should be noted that this meaning only comes to bear in a compound, i.e., always in an adjectival manner (the adj-no points at that), so i wonder whether it is correct to use "n" in this case. "Outpatient [n]" (= a person) is something along the lines of 外来の患者.
	Diff:	@@ -28,1 +28,1 @@ -<xref type="see">外来科</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2771970">外来科</xref>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 15:35:55 Hendrik
	Comments:	I have no reference at hand, but know frm experience that hospital departments are often referred to in abbreviated form, i.e., without the 科 - this practice is not at all special to Japan.
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see">外来科</xref> +<gloss>(col) outpatient department</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1212800 Active (id: 2167730)
換金 [news1,nf20]
【かんきん [news1,nf20] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ realization (of goods into money)
▶ conversion (into money)
▶ liquidation

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-12-05 00:02:52 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk (2 s)
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:21:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 03:33:18 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	-> noun
	Diff:	@@ -17,3 +17,3 @@ -<gloss>realize</gloss> -<gloss>realise</gloss> -<gloss>turn into money</gloss> +<gloss>realization (of goods into money)</gloss> +<gloss>conversion (into money)</gloss> +<gloss>liquidation</gloss>

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jmdict 1215170 Active (id: 1982472)
鑑みる；鑒みる
【かんがみる】

1.

[v1,vt]
▶ to take into account
▶ to bear in mind
▶ to consider
▶ to learn from
▶ to take warning from

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2018-06-15 11:50:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	Don't think we need "heed".
	Diff:	@@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<gloss>to heed</gloss> @@ -18,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>to consider</gloss>
3.	A* 2018-06-15 01:18:45 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Removed non-verb glosses
	Diff:	@@ -21,2 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>in view of</gloss> -<gloss>in the light of</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 23:25:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 10:27:52 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	Add gloss “to bear in mind”
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>to bear in mind</gloss>

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jmdict 1246690 Active (id: 1124265)
掘る [ichi1,news2,nf27]
【ほる [ichi1,news2,nf27] 】

1.	[v5r,vt] ▶ to dig ▶ to excavate ▶ to hollow
2.	[v5r,vt] ▶ to delve into
3.	[v5r,vt] ▶ to dig up (e.g. vegetables)
4.	[v5r,vt] [sl,vulg] ▶ (for two men) to have anal sex

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2013-02-17 03:00:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2013-02-16 00:39:39 Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Seems like a figurative sense that is missing from the dictionary. I found "delve" as part of the definition of 掘る in an older paper edition of GG. And here is an example I came across the other day: アート、プロダクト、広告など、いろんなクリエイティブ文脈がありますが、今のクリエイティブにおいて“デジタルのインプットを、どうアナログのアウトプットにするのか” そこは面白い領域であり、掘りがいのあるテーマだと感じています。 http://www.fabcafe.com/blog/2012/06/01/fab-talks-02/
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,5 @@ +<gloss>to delve into</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos>
6.	A 2012-10-20 07:05:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2012-10-19 11:11:05 Marcus
	Refs:	came across this usage here: http://news.2chblog.jp/archives/51716517.html (article of a sexual criminal being raped in prison in Taiwan) comment: "日本でもあるのかな？レイプ犯はマジで掘られとけよｗ" explanation: http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q106 1962845 more usage: "ゲイの方は掘るか掘られるかの役割を固定しているのですか。もしくは時と場合によりどっちもこなすのでしょうか。" http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q134 9195543 ”ホモセックスで掘るがわやってみたいけど相手がいない" http://logsoku.com/thread/yuzuru.2ch.net/news4vip/1283835515 /
	Comments:	I think it should be explicitly stated that it's an act carried out between two men, not sure whether (for two men) is the best way to do it though.
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +28,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<misc>&vulg;</misc> +<gloss>(for two men) to have anal sex</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2012-06-19 04:41:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2012-06-19 03:09:15 Damon Oldham <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -24,0 +25,1 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A 2012-02-21 07:58:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	I think "excavate" goes in the first sense (as in GG5).
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,2 @@ +<gloss>to excavate</gloss> +<gloss>to hollow</gloss> @@ -22,2 +24,1 @@ -<gloss>to excavate</gloss> -<gloss>to dig up</gloss> +<gloss>to dig up (e.g. vegetables)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-02-21 02:19:36 Marcus
	Refs:	http://kotobank.jp/word/掘る http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch/3/2na/04075700/
	Comments:	changed into two meanings (per both dic entries referenced) and added "to dig up," as 芋を掘る couldn't be translated as "to excavate potatoes"
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> @@ -20,0 +23,1 @@ +<gloss>to dig up</gloss>

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jmdict 1250360 Active (id: 2196965)
形成 [ichi1,news1,nf05]
【けいせい [ichi1,news1,nf05] 】

1.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ formation ▶ molding ▶ making (up) ▶ taking form ▶ giving form to
2.	[n,vs,vt] {medicine} ▶ repair (e.g. with plastic surgery) ▶ replacement ▶ -plasty

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2022-07-16 19:57:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	chujiten
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>making up</gloss> +<gloss>making (up)</gloss> @@ -28 +28,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2583910">形成手術・けいせいしゅじゅつ</xref> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -30 +31 @@ -<gloss>repair (e.g. plastic surgery)</gloss> +<gloss>repair (e.g. with plastic surgery)</gloss>
7.	A 2022-07-15 06:39:33 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
6.	A 2018-01-14 06:08:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-01-10 14:45:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	No [adj-no] examples.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -21,0 +21 @@ +<gloss>making up</gloss> @@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>giving form to</gloss>
4.	A 2013-02-19 07:29:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2013-02-19 03:24:23 Hendrik
	Comments:	Indeed...
2.	A 2013-02-19 01:16:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	I think it works better this way.
	Diff:	@@ -26,2 +26,5 @@ -<xref type="see">形成術</xref> -<gloss>(col) plastic surgery</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2583910">形成手術・けいせいしゅじゅつ</xref> +<field>&med;</field> +<gloss>repair (e.g. plastic surgery)</gloss> +<gloss>replacement</gloss> +<gloss>-plasty</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 15:44:45 Hendrik
	Comments:	See my related entries...
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +24,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see">形成術</xref> +<gloss>(col) plastic surgery</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1263430 Active (id: 1998653)
玄人 [ichi1,news2,nf29] ；黒人
【くろうと [ichi1,news2,nf29] ；くろと】

1.

[n]
▶ expert
▶ professional
▶ master
▶ connoisseur

Cross references:
	⇔ ant: 1397270 素人【しろうと】 1. amateur; layman; ordinary person; novice

2.

[n]
▶ woman in the nightlife business
▶ demimondaine
▶ geisha and prostitutes

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1397270 素人 2. respectable woman (i.e. not a prostitute, hostess, geisha)
	⇐ see: 1287830 黒人【こくじん】 2. woman in the nightlife business; demimondaine; geisha and prostitutes

History:

13.	A 2019-03-01 00:28:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12.	A* 2019-02-28 21:17:04
	Diff:	@@ -24 +23,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -34 +32,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
11.	A 2018-02-20 03:51:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2018-02-15 20:38:17 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	saito (2002) only lists "黒人", not "玄人", and uses it in its examples too: "名詞1A professional; a connoisseur; an adept; an expert: （その道に明るい黒人｛くろうと｝）"
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> @@ -29,0 +29 @@ +<gloss>connoisseur</gloss>
9.	A 2013-02-17 03:24:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)
8.	A* 2013-02-16 03:43:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -35,0 +35,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1397270">素人・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1397270">素人・2</xref>
7.	A 2013-02-16 02:18:47 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2013-02-16 01:41:50 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk only
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
5.	A 2012-11-19 11:40:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典, Daijr
	Comments:	The original glosses were exactly what the JEs have. Daijr has 芸者や娼妓など，水商売の女。 so it's more general.
	Diff:	@@ -33,0 +33,2 @@ +<gloss>woman in the nightlife business</gloss> +<gloss>demimondaine</gloss>
4.	A* 2012-11-13 06:36:59 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, nikk
	Comments:	copied gloss from 芸娼妓
	Diff:	@@ -33,2 +33,1 @@ -<gloss>woman in the nightlife business</gloss> -<gloss>demimondaine</gloss> +<gloss>geisha and prostitutes</gloss>
3.	A 2012-11-13 06:31:18 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk "くろ‐と【玄人・黒人】〔名〕「くろうと（玄人）」に同じ"
	Diff:	@@ -21,1 +21,0 @@ -<re_restr>玄人</re_restr>
2.	A 2012-11-13 03:15:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr (「くろと」とも)
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>くろと</reb> +<re_restr>玄人</re_restr> +</r_ele> @@ -22,1 +26,4 @@ -<gloss>expert (professional) in a given trade or profession</gloss> +<xref type="ant" seq="1397270">素人・しろうと・1</xref> +<gloss>expert</gloss> +<gloss>professional</gloss> +<gloss>master</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-11-13 02:13:44 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	nikk, 斎藤和英大辞典
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>黒人</keb>

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jmdict 1270990 Active (id: 1124393)
語る [ichi1,news1,nf09]
【かたる [ichi1,news1,nf09] 】

1.	[v5r,vt] ▶ to talk about ▶ to speak of ▶ to tell ▶ to narrate
2.	[v5r,vt] ▶ to recite ▶ to chant
3.	[v5r,vt] ▶ to indicate ▶ to show

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2013-02-17 23:26:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-17 22:40:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	i think their strict sense splitting of telling vs. reciting makes more sense
	Diff:	@@ -19,1 +19,2 @@ -<gloss>to talk</gloss> +<gloss>to talk about</gloss> +<gloss>to speak of</gloss> @@ -21,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>to narrate</gloss> @@ -26,4 +28,1 @@ -<gloss>to narrate</gloss> -<gloss>to read aloud</gloss> -<gloss>to tell (a story)</gloss> -<gloss>to set (to music)</gloss> +<gloss>to chant</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-13 01:55:04 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	to indicate: daijs "３ある事実がある意味・真実・事情などをおのずから示す。物語る。「この惨状が台風のすさまじさを―・っている」" to set to music: daijr: "［2］特定の物語などを話す。また、節(ふし)をつけて話す。" daijs: ２語り物を節をつけて朗読する。「浪曲を―・る」
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +21,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -22,0 +26,10 @@ +<gloss>to narrate</gloss> +<gloss>to read aloud</gloss> +<gloss>to tell (a story)</gloss> +<gloss>to set (to music)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to indicate</gloss> +<gloss>to show</gloss>

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jmdict 1278710 Active (id: 2228368)
康煕字典；康熙字典
【こうきじてん】

1.

[n]
▶ Kangxi dictionary
▶ [expl] Chinese dictionary of 1716, which popularized the system of 214 radicals

History:

4.	A 2023-04-11 06:55:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD, Koj and Nikk all use 康煕字典. Daijs uses 康熙字典.
	Comments:	Reorder and drop the iK.
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>康熙字典</keb> +<keb>康煕字典</keb> @@ -8,2 +8 @@ -<keb>康煕字典</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<keb>康熙字典</keb>
3.	A* 2023-04-11 02:16:57 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Is 煕 irregular? The wikipedia article mentions it, and it's displayed this way in the Meikyo 3rd edition app. Bottom right corner: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/21412/230857358-8f028fc5-618f-48ac-9204-67474372695d.png https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/康熙字典 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 康熙字典　　 │ 3,275 │ 41.6% │ │ 康煕字典　　 │ 4,365 │ 55.4% │ │ こうきじてん │ 239 │ 3.0% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
2.	A 2013-02-17 04:19:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 15:53:59 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ja:WP en:WP http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/康熙字典 http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/康熙帝 http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/康煕 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_Dictionary
	Comments:	* Rewrite defn (equiv, expl) – note that the 214 radical system was invented a century earlier in the Zihui (1615), but popularized by the Kangxi dictionary * reorder kanji: correct 康熙字典 first, mark 康煕字典 as [iK]
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@ -<keb>康煕字典</keb> +<keb>康熙字典</keb> @@ -8,1 +8,2 @@ -<keb>康熙字典</keb> +<keb>康煕字典</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,1 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>The Chinese kangxi zidian dictionary of 1716, which established the 214 radicals</gloss> +<gloss>Kangxi dictionary</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">Chinese dictionary of 1716, which popularized the system of 214 radicals</gloss>

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jmdict 1303670 Active (id: 2207078)
桟敷 [news2,nf28] ；棧敷 [sK]
【さじき [news2,nf28] ；さんじき】

1.	[n] ▶ dress circle (of a theatre) ▶ (first) balcony ▶ box
2.	[n] ▶ stands (seating for spectators)

History:

6.	A 2022-08-30 01:22:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2022-08-30 01:05:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, chujiten, prog
	Comments:	Splitting into senses.
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>reviewing stand</gloss> +<gloss>dress circle (of a theatre)</gloss> +<gloss>(first) balcony</gloss> @@ -25 +26,4 @@ -<gloss>gallery</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>stands (seating for spectators)</gloss>
4.	A 2022-08-28 03:17:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Unidic
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A* 2022-08-28 01:00:01 Cuyler Otsuka <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	桟敷 110397 98.0% 棧敷 2234 2.0%
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>棧敷</keb>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:25:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:07:58 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>さんじき</reb> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1328190 Active (id: 1124285)
手伝う [ichi1,news2,nf46] ；手つだう
【てつだう [ichi1,news2,nf46] 】

1.	[v5u,vt] ▶ to help ▶ to assist ▶ to aid
2.	[v5u,vt] ▶ to contribute to ▶ to be a factor in

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2013-02-17 03:21:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-16 04:24:14 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -24,1 +24,7 @@ -<gloss>to take part in</gloss> +<gloss>to aid</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to contribute to</gloss> +<gloss>to be a factor in</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-14 05:22:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-10-13 15:52:56 Francis
	Comments:	Just adding the additional reading. It was in the text which I was reading. A reasonable number of Google hits. You have the following on the site:- 手つだう【てつだう】 (?) ???; RH 手つだう【てつだう】 (v) to assist; JWN-02414710-v 手つだう【てつだう】 (v) to serve; to attend to; to wait on; to attend; to assist; JWN-02540670-v 手つだう【てつだう】 (v) to help; to assist; to aid
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>手つだう</keb>

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jmdict 1365850 Active (id: 1912251)
辛い [ichi1,news1,nf24]
【からい [ichi1,news1,nf24] 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ spicy
▶ hot

2.

[adj-i]
▶ salty

3.

[adj-i]
▶ harsh (criticism)
▶ severe (punishment)
▶ strict

4.

[adj-i]
▶ painful
▶ bitter
▶ difficult
▶ tough

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1365860 辛い【つらい】 1. painful; bitter; heart-breaking; difficult (emotionally)

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2015-02-24 22:56:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2015-02-24 14:42:06
	Diff:	@@ -32,0 +33 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1365860">辛い・つらい</xref>
3.	A 2013-02-17 23:27:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-17 23:17:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	hard to justify keeping these headwords together when they only have one sense in common. added からい as a reading for 鹹い in the entry for 塩辛い；鹹い[しおからい]
	Diff:	@@ -10,3 +10,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>鹹い</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -20,1 +17,0 @@ -<stagk>辛い</stagk> @@ -30,1 +26,0 @@ -<stagk>辛い</stagk>
1.	A* 2013-02-13 00:49:35 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -32,3 +32,10 @@ -<gloss>tough (on someone)</gloss> -<gloss>adverse</gloss> -<gloss>harsh</gloss> +<gloss>harsh (criticism)</gloss> +<gloss>severe (punishment)</gloss> +<gloss>strict</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<gloss>painful</gloss> +<gloss>bitter</gloss> +<gloss>difficult</gloss> +<gloss>tough</gloss>

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jmdict 1365980 Rejected (id: 1124386)
進む [ichi1,news1,nf24]
【すすむ [ichi1,news1,nf24] 】

1.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to advance
▶ to go forward

2.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to precede
▶ to go ahead (of)

3.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to make progress
▶ to improve

4.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to deepen
▶ to heighten

5.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to do of one's own free will

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2399750 進んで 1. voluntarily; willingly; of one's own free will

6.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to overindulge
▶ to indulge to excess

Conjugations

History:

2.	R 2013-02-17 23:23:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	the ref provided is for すさむ, not すすむ. AFAICT, there's no similar sense in the entry for すすむ.
1.	A* 2013-02-13 06:33:22 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	overindulge: daijs: ４ふけりおぼれる。「酒色に―・む」
	Comments:	”ご飯が進む”　”箸が進む” I feel like these (or at least the 1st) should find their way in here somewhere, but what should the gloss be?
	Diff:	@@ -46,0 +46,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5m;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to overindulge</gloss> +<gloss>to indulge to excess</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1401360 Active (id: 2281185)
相撲 [ichi1,news1,nf03] ；角力 [rK]
【すもう [ichi1,news1,nf03] ；すまい [ok] 】

1.

[n]
▶ sumo (wrestling)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2067450 紙相撲【かみずもう】 1. paper sumo; children's game of sumo played with paper cutouts of wrestlers
	⇐ see: 2139830 角力【かくりょく】 2. sumo (wrestling)

2.

[n] [abbr]
▶ sumo wrestler
▶ rikishi

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1401380 相撲取り 1. sumo wrestler; rikishi

History:

9.	A 2023-10-24 23:50:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -26 +26 @@ -<gloss>sumo wrestling</gloss> +<gloss>sumo (wrestling)</gloss>
8.	A 2023-10-23 09:52:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2023-10-23 01:25:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We don't tag 数学 as [math]. All the JEs have "sumo wrestler" for 相撲取り.
	Diff:	@@ -26 +25,0 @@ -<field>&sumo;</field> @@ -32 +30,0 @@ -<field>&sumo;</field> @@ -34 +32 @@ -<gloss>wrestler</gloss> +<gloss>sumo wrestler</gloss>
6.	A 2023-10-21 20:39:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-10-21 13:04:21 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	相撲を取る 14419 99.7% 角力を取る 41 0.3% 相撲 3902934 99.7% 角力 13678 0.3%
	Comments:	... but perhaps used on Okinawa; https://www.okinawastory.jp/feature/chimudondon/that-thing/okinawa-sumo/
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2013-02-17 03:23:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-16 03:49:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, nikk
	Diff:	@@ -21,1 +21,0 @@ -<re_restr>相撲</re_restr> @@ -31,1 +30,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1555000">力士・りきし・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1401380">相撲取り</xref> @@ -34,1 +33,1 @@ -<gloss>sumo wrestler</gloss> +<gloss>wrestler</gloss>
2.	A 2012-07-01 10:20:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -32,0 +32,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1555000">力士・りきし・1</xref>
1.	A* 2012-06-27 14:26:36 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,1 @@ +<field>&sumo;</field> @@ -31,0 +32,1 @@ +<field>&sumo;</field>

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jmdict 1402540 Active (id: 2215515)
走る [ichi1,news1,nf10] ；奔る [rK] ；疾る [rK] ；趨る [rK]
【はしる [ichi1,news1,nf10] 】

1.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to run
2.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to run (of a vehicle) ▶ to drive ▶ to travel ▶ to move ▶ to sail
3.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to rush (to) ▶ to dash ▶ to race
4.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to retreat ▶ to flee ▶ to defect (to)
5.	[v5r,vi] 《occ. 奔る》 ▶ to run away ▶ to abscond ▶ to elope
6.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to flash (of lightning) ▶ to streak ▶ to shoot (through; e.g. of pain) ▶ to run (through) ▶ to flare ▶ to flit (e.g. across one's face) ▶ to spread quickly (of news, shock, etc.)
7.	[v5r,vi] 《as 〜に走る; occ. 趨る》 ▶ to go (e.g. bad, to extremes) ▶ to become ▶ to turn ▶ to take to (e.g. crime) ▶ to get carried away by (e.g. one's emotions) ▶ to get involved in ▶ to get wrapped up in
8.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to run (through; of a road, street, etc.) ▶ to extend (e.g. of a mountain range) ▶ to stretch ▶ to lie

Conjugations

History:

21.	A 2022-12-12 10:53:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
20.	A* 2022-12-12 01:51:10 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬────────────┬───────╮ │ 走る　 │ 7,347,020 │ 98.2% │ │ 奔る　 │ 22,263 │ 0.3% │ │ 疾る　 │ 8,592 │ 0.1% │ 🡠 adding (meikyo 2e: 近年速く走る意（「疾走」をふまえる）) │ 趨る　 │ 281 │ 0.0% │ │ はしる │ 105,697 │ 1.4% │ ├─ーーー─┼────────────┼───────┤ │ 走っ　 │ 10,069,765 │ 97.7% │ │ 奔っ　 │ 3,089 │ 0.0% │ │ 疾っ　 │ 1,351 │ 0.0% │ │ 趨っ　 │ 39 │ 0.0% │ │ はしっ │ 228,587 │ 2.2% │ ╰─ーーー─┴────────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>疾る</keb>
19.	A 2021-11-13 04:46:14 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	走る 7347020 奔る 22263 趨る 281 まで走って 145623 まで奔って 20 まで趨って No matches
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
18.	A 2021-01-11 18:18:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I should've noticed that. Reindexed sentences.
17.	A* 2021-01-11 14:05:41
	Refs:	lightening, n.: the sensation, experienced by many women late in pregnancy when the head of the fetus enters the pelvis, of a reduction in pressure on the diaphragm, making it easier to breathe
	Diff:	@@ -61 +61 @@ -<gloss>to flash (of lightening)</gloss> +<gloss>to flash (of lightning)</gloss>
(show/hide 16 older log entries)
16.	A 2021-01-09 20:53:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Looks fine.
15.	A* 2021-01-09 18:01:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij, meikyo
	Comments:	Yes, I think it's sense 8 (although that sense could be split up). I've merged "elope" with the "run away" sense. The "to tend heavily (toward)" sense was a duplicate of sense 7. I decided to drop that gloss. 走る is still the most common form for senses 5 and 7 so I've changed "esp." to "occ." It might be worth splitting out 奔る and 趨る into separate entries given that they only apply to these two senses. I'll reindex the sentences if this is approved.
	Diff:	@@ -30 +30 @@ -<gloss>to travel (movement of vehicles)</gloss> +<gloss>to run (of a vehicle)</gloss> @@ -32 +32,3 @@ -<gloss>to flow (e.g. energy)</gloss> +<gloss>to travel</gloss> +<gloss>to move</gloss> +<gloss>to sail</gloss> @@ -37 +39,3 @@ -<gloss>to hurry to</gloss> +<gloss>to rush (to)</gloss> +<gloss>to dash</gloss> +<gloss>to race</gloss> @@ -42,2 +46,3 @@ -<gloss>to retreat (from battle)</gloss> -<gloss>to take flight</gloss> +<gloss>to retreat</gloss> +<gloss>to flee</gloss> +<gloss>to defect (to)</gloss> @@ -48,6 +53,3 @@ -<s_inf>esp. 奔る</s_inf> -<gloss>to run away from home</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&v5r;</pos> -<pos>&vi;</pos> +<s_inf>occ. 奔る</s_inf> +<gloss>to run away</gloss> +<gloss>to abscond</gloss> @@ -59,2 +61,7 @@ -<s_inf>esp. 趨る</s_inf> -<gloss>to tend heavily toward</gloss> +<gloss>to flash (of lightening)</gloss> +<gloss>to streak</gloss> +<gloss>to shoot (through; e.g. of pain)</gloss> +<gloss>to run (through)</gloss> +<gloss>to flare</gloss> +<gloss>to flit (e.g. across one's face)</gloss> +<gloss>to spread quickly (of news, shock, etc.)</gloss> @@ -65,9 +72,7 @@ -<gloss>to flash</gloss> -<gloss>to streak</gloss> -<gloss>to shoot through (e.g. pain)</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&v5r;</pos> -<pos>&vi;</pos> -<gloss>to get involved</gloss> -<gloss>to take (to something)</gloss> +<s_inf>as 〜に走る; occ. 趨る</s_inf> +<gloss>to go (e.g. bad, to extremes)</gloss> +<gloss>to become</gloss> +<gloss>to turn</gloss> +<gloss>to take to (e.g. crime)</gloss> +<gloss>to get carried away by (e.g. one's emotions)</gloss> +<gloss>to get involved in</gloss> @@ -79 +84 @@ -<gloss>to run (through) (of a road, street, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to run (through; of a road, street, etc.)</gloss>
14.	A* 2021-01-08 03:50:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Maybe extend sense 8 to include this?
13.	A* 2021-01-08 00:16:11 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	various examples from google: 一連の騒動は、テレビで放映されただけでなく、支持者らが撮影動画をインターネット交流サイト（SNS）で拡散、世界に衝撃が走った。 2018年11月、ゴーン逮捕の衝撃が世界中に走った。大きなショックが世界中に走ったことだろう。 2013年2月、ロシア南部に巨大な隕石が落下したというニュースが世界中に走った。昨日の昼のニュースで北朝鮮人民共和国の最高指導者、金正日（キム・ジョンイル）総書記急死のニュースが世界中に走った。衝撃と悲しみが世界中に走った安室奈美恵さんの引退発表。 ... 本土に社会主義革命の風が吹くという大いなる動揺が世界中に走ったのであった。
	Comments:	to quickly spread (of shock, etc.) ?
12.	A 2020-11-15 15:51:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -79,2 +79,4 @@ -<gloss>to run through (e.g. of a road, mountain range)</gloss> -<gloss>to extend</gloss> +<gloss>to run (through) (of a road, street, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to extend (e.g. of a mountain range)</gloss> +<gloss>to stretch</gloss> +<gloss>to lie</gloss>
11.	A 2020-11-14 20:54:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2020-11-14 16:40:48
	Refs:	大辞林 ⑩
	Diff:	@@ -75,0 +76,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to run through (e.g. of a road, mountain range)</gloss> +<gloss>to extend</gloss> +</sense>
9.	A 2020-02-18 19:03:47 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2020-02-14 02:48:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A 2020-02-14 02:48:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 - sense 6
	Comments:	Approving for an xref, then reopening.
	Diff:	@@ -68,0 +69,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to get involved</gloss> +<gloss>to take (to something)</gloss> +<gloss>to get wrapped up in</gloss> +</sense>
6.	A 2017-08-14 02:51:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've slipped it into sense 2.
	Diff:	@@ -31,0 +32 @@ +<gloss>to flow (e.g. energy)</gloss>
5.	A* 2017-08-09 14:32:11 Davide Della Via
	Refs:	http://hibi-club.com/archives/836.html http://www.ani-ge.net/article/445821865.html
	Comments:	About the first entry, run, I would suggest to add example like these (or add the verb "flow"), for the sake of clarity: "それは、背骨にエネルギーが走ってるからですね" "レイラインには太古の昔から魔法のエネルギーが走ってる"
4.	A 2016-08-31 11:55:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -64 +64,3 @@ -<gloss>to shoot through (pain)</gloss> +<gloss>to flash</gloss> +<gloss>to streak</gloss> +<gloss>to shoot through (e.g. pain)</gloss>
3.	A* 2016-08-26 15:15:43
	Comments:	「痛みが頭に走った」とか
	Diff:	@@ -60,0 +61,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to shoot through (pain)</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2013-02-17 22:41:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-14 06:52:56 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	「（違法改造は）制限速度60kmの所を65kmで走ったようなもの」 http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/東横イ� %B3%E4%B8%8D%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C
	Diff:	@@ -31,0 +31,1 @@ +<gloss>to drive</gloss>

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jmdict 1440560 Active (id: 1124421)
天誅
【てんちゅう】

1.	[n] ▶ heaven's punishment ▶ divine punishment
2.	[n] ▶ well-deserved punishment ▶ just punishment

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:59:50 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 11:07:09 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj
	Comments:	* Split into two senses (following dicts) * More glosses
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,7 @@ -<gloss>heaven's (well-deserved) punishment</gloss> +<gloss>heaven's punishment</gloss> +<gloss>divine punishment</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>well-deserved punishment</gloss> +<gloss>just punishment</gloss>

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jmdict 1441250 Active (id: 2205815)
転送 [spec1,news2,nf25] ；轉送 [sK]
【てんそう [spec1,news2,nf25] 】

1.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ transfer (of a call, patient, etc.) ▶ forwarding (a letter, email, etc.) ▶ redirection
2.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ transfer (of data) ▶ transmission

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2022-08-23 06:24:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	転送 4629944 100.0% 轉送 223 0.0%
6.	A* 2022-08-22 15:56:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Comments:	Splitting into senses.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -24 +24,2 @@ -<gloss>transfer</gloss> +<gloss>transfer (of a call, patient, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>forwarding (a letter, email, etc.)</gloss> @@ -25,0 +27,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>transfer (of data)</gloss> @@ -27 +33,0 @@ -<gloss>forwarding (telephone call, e-mail, etc.)</gloss>
5.	A* 2022-08-21 22:39:01 Cuyler Otsuka <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>轉送</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2021-11-18 01:16:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
3.	A 2018-04-05 09:33:21 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams 4629944
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2013-02-17 02:54:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Parenthesized amplifications are best after the main gloss.
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,1 @@ -<gloss>(telephone call, e- mail, etc.) forwarding</gloss> +<gloss>forwarding (telephone call, e-mail, etc.)</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 10:04:30 Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	"redirection" as in Wikipedia webpages e.g. ラーメン（中華そばから転送）
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>redirection</gloss> @@ -19,1 +20,1 @@ -<gloss>(telephone call, e-mail, etc.) forwarding</gloss> +<gloss>(telephone call, e- mail, etc.) forwarding</gloss>

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jmdict 1457830 Active (id: 2177049)
内科 [ichi1,news1,nf11]
【ないか [ichi1,news1,nf11] 】

1.

[n]
▶ internal medicine

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1203380 外科 1. surgery (branch of medicine)
	⇐ see: 1523080 本道【ほんどう】 2. internal medicine (in Chinese medical practice)

2.

[n]
▶ department of internal medicine

History:

3.	A 2022-02-01 03:32:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2022-01-30 22:23:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think the explanation is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -20 +19 @@ -<gloss>internal medicine, i.e. treatment by medical procedures rather than surgical procedures</gloss> +<gloss>internal medicine</gloss> @@ -24,2 +23 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>department of internal medicine (hospital, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>department of internal medicine</gloss>
1.	A 2013-02-17 23:36:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1203380">外科・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1203380">外科</xref>

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jmdict 1485230 Active (id: 2060320)
飛ばす [ichi1,news2,nf26]
【とばす [ichi1,news2,nf26] 】

1.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to let fly ▶ to make fly ▶ to send flying ▶ to blow off (e.g. in the wind) ▶ to launch ▶ to fire ▶ to hurl ▶ to shoot
2.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to skip over ▶ to leave out ▶ to omit ▶ to drop (e.g. a stitch)
3.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to run fast ▶ to drive fast ▶ to gallop
4.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to spray ▶ to splash ▶ to spatter
5.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to say without reservation ▶ to call out (e.g. a jeer) ▶ to rattle off (e.g. a joke)
6.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to spread (e.g. a rumour) ▶ to circulate ▶ to send out (a message) ▶ to issue (e.g. an appeal)
7.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to transfer (to a less important post) ▶ to send away (e.g. to a provincial branch) ▶ to demote
8.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to dispatch quickly (e.g. a reporter)
9.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to get rid of ▶ to burn off (alcohol)
10.	[v5s,vt] ▶ to attack (e.g. with a leg manoeuvre)
11.	[aux-v,v5s] ▶ to do vigorously ▶ to do roughly ▶ to do energetically

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2020-03-04 19:50:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2020-03-04 17:56:01
	Comments:	typo fix
	Diff:	@@ -55 +55 @@ -<gloss>to rattle of (e.g. a joke)</gloss> +<gloss>to rattle off (e.g. a joke)</gloss>
10.	A 2018-05-15 08:15:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Got it. It will go live next week.
9.	A* 2018-05-14 09:52:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	That sentence still needs updating (sense 6 -> sense 2).
8.	A 2018-05-13 19:09:09 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	the new senses 5 & 6 seem pretty close
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2018-05-05 22:11:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, meikyo, gg5, prog
	Comments:	Added senses and reorganised (old) senses 5 and 6, which were a combination of different senses. Doesn't affect the sentences but there's one sentence that's incorrectly tagged as sense 6.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19,5 @@ -<gloss>to fly</gloss> +<gloss>to let fly</gloss> +<gloss>to make fly</gloss> +<gloss>to send flying</gloss> +<gloss>to blow off (e.g. in the wind)</gloss> +<gloss>to launch</gloss> @@ -22,2 +26 @@ -<gloss>to launch</gloss> -<gloss>to make fly</gloss> +<gloss>to shoot</gloss> @@ -28,0 +32 @@ +<gloss>to leave out</gloss> @@ -30 +34 @@ -<gloss>to drop (e.g. stitch)</gloss> +<gloss>to drop (e.g. a stitch)</gloss> @@ -35 +39,2 @@ -<gloss>to run or drive fast</gloss> +<gloss>to run fast</gloss> +<gloss>to drive fast</gloss> @@ -41,3 +46,3 @@ -<gloss>to spread a rumour (rumor)</gloss> -<gloss>to tell a story</gloss> -<gloss>to tell a joke</gloss> +<gloss>to spray</gloss> +<gloss>to splash</gloss> +<gloss>to spatter</gloss> @@ -48,3 +53,3 @@ -<gloss>to remove</gloss> -<gloss>to get rid of</gloss> -<gloss>to transfer</gloss> +<gloss>to say without reservation</gloss> +<gloss>to call out (e.g. a jeer)</gloss> +<gloss>to rattle of (e.g. a joke)</gloss> @@ -55,2 +60,34 @@ -<gloss>to attack</gloss> -<gloss>to jeer at</gloss> +<gloss>to spread (e.g. a rumour)</gloss> +<gloss>to circulate</gloss> +<gloss>to send out (a message)</gloss> +<gloss>to issue (e.g. an appeal)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to transfer (to a less important post)</gloss> +<gloss>to send away (e.g. to a provincial branch)</gloss> +<gloss>to demote</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to dispatch quickly (e.g. a reporter)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to get rid of</gloss> +<gloss>to burn off (alcohol)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to attack (e.g. with a leg manoeuvre)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<gloss>to do vigorously</gloss> +<gloss>to do roughly</gloss> +<gloss>to do energetically</gloss>
6.	A 2013-02-17 04:05:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2013-02-17 02:22:24 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://quizlet.com/12868101/7th-flash-cards/ http://d.hatena.ne.jp/Syouka/20111110/1320941110 http://jtoetranslations.blogspot.com/2012/09/link-to-youtube-video-we-can-see-eye-to.html
	Comments:	I felt that "making something fly" is different enough from "flying something" to merit an extra meaning.
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +23,1 @@ +<gloss>to make fly</gloss>
4.	A 2013-01-10 01:52:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-01-10 00:47:48 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -42,0 +42,1 @@ +<gloss>to tell a joke</gloss>
2.	A 2011-03-24 22:59:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	I'll add it.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>to launch</gloss>
1.	A* 2011-03-24 12:17:00 Ned Reif <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	for definition [1], I suggest substituting "to launch"

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jmdict 1511980 Active (id: 2163773)
編纂 [news2,nf31] ；編さん
【へんさん [news2,nf31] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ compilation (esp. dictionary, history, law code)
▶ editing

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1603240 編集 1. editing; compilation

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2021-11-18 01:19:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
4.	A 2013-07-05 21:05:20 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-07-04 06:01:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Unidic
	Comments:	700k hits (not all valid.) 纂 is not 常用.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>編さん</keb>
2.	A 2013-02-17 04:19:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 14:46:45 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	shinkaisan
	Comments:	Examples
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,1 @@ -<gloss>compilation</gloss> +<gloss>compilation (esp. dictionary, history, law code)</gloss>

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jmdict 1512950 Active (id: 1124324)
弁財天；弁才天；辨財天 [oK] ；辯才天 [oK]
【べんざいてん；べざいてん (弁財天, 弁才天) 】

1.

[n] {Buddhism}
▶ Benzaiten
▶ Saraswati
▶ [expl] goddess of music, eloquence, also wealth and water

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:20:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 16:22:11 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj en:WP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten 1,320,000 弁財天 263,000 弁才天 62,100 辨財天 20,800 辯才天
	Comments:	Add Benzaiten as gloss, since reasonably distinct from original Indian goddess. Also split off [expl] and specify goddess, and sort/clarify associations (fundamentally music and eloquence, fortune later) Reorder by frequency – notably 辯才天 original but little-used
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<keb>辯才天</keb> +<keb>辨財天</keb> @@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<keb>辨財天</keb> +<keb>辯才天</keb> @@ -29,1 +29,3 @@ -<gloss>Saraswati (god of wealth, music, eloquence and water)</gloss> +<gloss>Benzaiten</gloss> +<gloss>Saraswati</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">goddess of music, eloquence, also wealth and water</gloss>

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jmdict 1513060 Rejected (id: 1150703)
弁当 [ichi1,news1,nf07] ；辨当 [oK] ；辨當 [oK]
【べんとう [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.

[n]
▶ bento
▶ [expl] Japanese lunch box

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1513065 お弁当 1. bento; Japanese box lunch

History:

7.	R 2014-01-04 19:04:07 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	prog, 研究社新和英中辞典, Luminous http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/box+lunch?r=75
	Comments:	弁当箱 is a lunch box, 弁当 is a box lunch.
6.	A* 2014-01-04 15:10:52
	Diff:	@@ -28 +28 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese box lunch</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese lunch box</gloss>
5.	A 2013-02-17 03:12:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-02-16 16:03:23 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ja:WP http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/弁当 BTW, shinkaisan also mentions 辨当
	Comments:	Add old kanji 辨當 (當 is old form of 当); saw on old-fashioned sign.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,4 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>辨當</keb>
3.	A 2010-12-06 01:40:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2010-12-05 19:22:02 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23,1 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>bento (Japanese box lunch)</gloss> +<gloss>bento</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese box lunch</gloss>
1.	A* 2010-12-05 19:17:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo
	Comments:	kyuji
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>辨当</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1513060 Active (id: 1946957)
弁当 [ichi1,news1,nf07] ；辨當 [oK] ；弁當 [oK] ；辨当 [oK]
【べんとう [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】

1.

[n]
▶ bento
▶ [expl] Japanese box lunch

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1513065 お弁当 1. bento; Japanese box lunch
	⇐ see: 1512710 弁【べん】 3. bento; Japanese box lunch

History:

7.	A 2017-03-02 00:21:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2017-02-28 09:39:06 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 弁当 11910762 辨當 1843 弁當 595 辨当 358
	Comments:	reordering adding 弁當
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<keb>辨当</keb> +<keb>辨當</keb> @@ -15 +15,5 @@ -<keb>辨當</keb> +<keb>弁當</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>辨当</keb>
5.	A 2013-02-17 03:12:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-02-16 16:03:23 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ja:WP http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/弁当 BTW, shinkaisan also mentions 辨当
	Comments:	Add old kanji 辨當 (當 is old form of 当); saw on old-fashioned sign.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,4 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>辨當</keb>
3.	A 2010-12-06 01:40:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2010-12-05 19:22:02 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23,1 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>bento (Japanese box lunch)</gloss> +<gloss>bento</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese box lunch</gloss>
1.	A* 2010-12-05 19:17:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo
	Comments:	kyuji
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>辨当</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1516730 Active (id: 2195312)
放水 [news1,nf19]
【ほうすい [news1,nf19] 】

1.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ discharge of water (from a river, dam, etc.) ▶ drainage
2.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ spraying water (on) ▶ hosing

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2022-07-10 21:32:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-07-10 15:45:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	Splitting into senses.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>hosing down</gloss> +<gloss>discharge of water (from a river, dam, etc.)</gloss> @@ -20,2 +20,7 @@ -<gloss>discharge of water</gloss> -<gloss>spraying with water</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>spraying water (on)</gloss> +<gloss>hosing</gloss>
3.	A 2022-07-09 13:05:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2013-02-17 21:41:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 03:51:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,1 @@ -<gloss>hose down</gloss> +<gloss>hosing down</gloss> @@ -19,0 +19,2 @@ +<gloss>discharge of water</gloss> +<gloss>spraying with water</gloss>

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jmdict 1518450 Active (id: 1124372)
亡い
【ない】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ dead

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1529520 無い 1. nonexistent; not being (there)

Conjugations

History:

1.	A 2013-02-17 22:50:32 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い・1</xref>

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jmdict 1527110 Active (id: 2088838)
未だ [ichi1]
【まだ [ichi1] ；いまだ】

1.

[adv] [uk]
▶ still
▶ as yet
▶ only

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1527150 未だ未だ【まだまだ】 1. still; much more; (not) yet

2.

[adv] [uk]
《with verb in the negative》
▶ (not) yet

3.

(まだ only) [adv] [uk]
▶ more
▶ (more) still

4.

(まだ only) [adv] [uk]
▶ at least
▶ comparatively
▶ relatively

5.

(まだ only) [adj-na] [uk]
▶ unfinished
▶ incomplete
▶ not yet done

History:

14.	A 2020-11-27 06:39:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
13.	A* 2020-11-27 01:57:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, chujiten, daij, koj
	Comments:	Added sense. I don't think we need "hitherto". いまだ only applies to the first two senses.
	Diff:	@@ -20 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>hitherto</gloss> @@ -27 +26 @@ -<gloss>not yet</gloss> +<gloss>(not) yet</gloss> @@ -29,0 +29 @@ +<stagr>まだ</stagr> @@ -33 +33 @@ -<gloss>besides</gloss> +<gloss>(more) still</gloss> @@ -35,0 +36,9 @@ +<stagr>まだ</stagr> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>at least</gloss> +<gloss>comparatively</gloss> +<gloss>relatively</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<stagr>まだ</stagr> @@ -40 +49 @@ -<gloss>not yet finished with</gloss> +<gloss>not yet done</gloss>
12.	A 2019-06-23 20:10:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2019-06-23 14:00:14 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	still is the most common translation and should come first
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>still</gloss> @@ -21 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>still</gloss>
10.	A 2018-06-01 23:13:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 9 older log entries)
9.	A* 2018-05-23 09:10:56 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -26 +26,2 @@ -<gloss>not yet (with negative verb)</gloss> +<s_inf>with verb in the negative</s_inf> +<gloss>not yet</gloss>
8.	A 2013-02-18 00:16:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks for the comments. Allocating meanings into senses is one of the challenges in lexicography, and esp. in bilingual lexicography. まだ is one of the hard cases.
7.	A* 2013-02-17 12:50:15 Francis
	Refs:	See below.
	Comments:	With regard to your interesting observation: I think this is part of sense 1. GG5 has "彼はまだ大学生だが,...", "He's only a university student..." You could equally well translate that as "as yet" or "still". As I would understand it, only the meanings of "as yet" or "still" would be fitting to "彼はまだ大学生だが,...", unless one was trying to be disrespectful in some way. For example, "He is only a teacher" would definitely sound very disrespectful, whereas "as yet" or "still" may be acceptable according to the remainder of the statement. On the other hand, if “only” is used in the context of time periods, in general, it has no implications beyond what it states. However, the location which you have determined falls under adverb and so any of the meanings can be used adverbially according to demand, but as with many adverbs the remainder of the sentence should determine context. In one of the English dictionaries, it gives a long explanation of the dangers of using “only” in a sentence, but as we all know it is a very useful word if used correctly. Thanks for including "only" because, at the time of my first reading of the text in question, the other meanings just did not quite fit.
6.	A* 2013-02-17 04:26:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this is part of sense 1. GG5 has "彼はまだ大学生だが,...", "He's only a university student..." You could equally well translate that as "as yet" or "still".
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,1 @@ +<gloss>only</gloss> @@ -40,4 +41,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&adv;</pos> -<gloss>only</gloss> -</sense>
5.	A* 2013-02-16 23:59:31 Francis
	Refs:	See below.
	Comments:	I was looking at a translation which stated that "まだ" in context meant "only". The context was: ぼくはまだ5年です。 Which was translated as: As for me, it’s only five years. I referred to the above entry for confirmation, but I did not find it. However, I looked up "まだ" in Kenkyusha and it gave one meaning as "[僅かに] only". I have therefore made the above amendment.
	Diff:	@@ -40,0 +40,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<gloss>only</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2012-12-10 02:13:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-12-04 05:33:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Comments:	daijs has three 形動 senses, but the other 2 seem to be archaic. I favored splitting out the 形動 rather than merging it with sense 2.
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -24,1 +23,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -26,0 +24,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -29,1 +28,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -31,0 +29,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -34,0 +33,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>unfinished</gloss> +<gloss>incomplete</gloss> +<gloss>not yet finished with</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A* 2012-12-04 05:23:42 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	新和英中辞典
	Comments:	I would have thought "still" covered it ("do you still have apples?") and daij don't split but 新和英中辞典 does. Not sure if this sense should also be tagged as adj-na or just adv.
	Diff:	@@ -29,1 +29,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -31,0 +32,1 @@ +<gloss>besides</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-12-04 02:50:14 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The current meanings are missing the sense of the word as used in a phrase like "まだある" ("there's more") or "りんごはまだありますか" ("do you have any more apples?"), so I added it as #3.
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +28,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>more</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1529520 Active (id: 2184254)
無い [ichi1,news2,nf45]
【ない [ichi1,news2,nf45] 】

1.

[adj-i] [uk]
▶ nonexistent
▶ not being (there)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1529560 無し【なし】 3. nonexistent
	⇐ see: 2756140 有らへん【あらへん】 1. not; nonexistent; not being (there)
	⇐ see: 2215310 なくても良い【なくてもいい】 2. need not have; need not exist
	⇐ see: 2841117 ねー 1. nonexistent; not being (there); not having
	⇐ see: 2098150 無くてはならない【なくてはならない】 1. cannot do without something; indispensable; absolutely necessary
	⇐ see: 1518450 亡い【ない】 1. dead
	⇐ see: 2138570 無き【なき】 1. -less; lacking; non-existing
	⇐ see: 2835361 無い内定【ないないてい】 1. having received no job offers; being without job offers
	⇐ see: 2835355 無い物は無い【ないものはない】 2. nonexistent; not in one's possession; we (I, he, she, etc.) don't have what we don't have

2.

[adj-i]
▶ unowned
▶ not had
▶ unpossessed

3.

[adj-i]
▶ unique

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1524960 【またとない】 1. unique; matchless; unparalleled; unparallelled; never again

4.

[adj-i]
《as ...ことがない, etc.; indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility》
▶ not
▶ impossible
▶ won't happen

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2835362 無い無い【ないない】 2. no way; no chance

5.

[adj-i,aux-adj]
《after the ren'yōkei form of an adjective》
▶ not

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2257550 ない 1. not

6.

[adj-i,aux-adj]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ to not be
▶ to have not

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2022-04-25 06:11:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2022-04-25 02:14:21 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning sense part-of-speech information for auxiliary adjectives
	Diff:	@@ -40,0 +41 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> @@ -43 +44 @@ -<s_inf>after the ren'youkei form of an adjective</s_inf> +<s_inf>after the ren'yōkei form of an adjective</s_inf> @@ -46,0 +48 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
6.	A 2018-11-25 20:08:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-11-25 06:44:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think the xref to [see=1518450・亡い[1]] in sense one is very helpful.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1518450">亡い</xref> @@ -25 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>unpossessed</gloss> @@ -27,0 +26 @@ +<gloss>unpossessed</gloss> @@ -45 +44 @@ -<gloss>not ...</gloss> +<gloss>not</gloss> @@ -50,2 +49,2 @@ -<gloss>to not be...</gloss> -<gloss>to have not ...</gloss> +<gloss>to not be</gloss> +<gloss>to have not</gloss>
4.	A 2018-04-21 21:47:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2018-04-20 12:07:52 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -36,2 +36,4 @@ -<s_inf>as ...ことがない, etc.</s_inf> -<gloss>indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility</gloss> +<s_inf>as ...ことがない, etc.; indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility</s_inf> +<gloss>not</gloss> +<gloss>impossible</gloss> +<gloss>won't happen</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 22:53:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -41,1 +41,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2257550">ない</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2257550">ない・1</xref>
1.	A 2013-02-17 22:50:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->notes
	Diff:	@@ -42,1 +42,2 @@ -<gloss>(after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ...</gloss> +<s_inf>after the ren'youkei form of an adjective</s_inf> +<gloss>not ...</gloss> @@ -46,1 +47,2 @@ -<gloss>(after the -te form of a verb) to not be...</gloss> +<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>to not be...</gloss>

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jmdict 1533180 Active (id: 2202964)
免罪符
【めんざいふ】

1.

[n] {Christianity}
▶ indulgence (esp. in the Catholic Church)
▶ pardon

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2513360 贖宥【しょくゆう】 1. indulgence (in the Catholic Church)

2.

[n]
▶ excuse
▶ justification
▶ rationalization

History:

4.	A 2022-08-13 01:09:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>pardon</gloss>
3.	A* 2022-08-13 00:26:46 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&Christn;</field>
2.	A 2013-02-17 23:49:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Can't see evidence of it being "papal", as opposed to any other kind in the Catholic Church.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>papal indulgence</gloss> +<gloss>indulgence (esp. in the Catholic Church)</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 07:55:58 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	daijs "罪や責めをまぬがれるためのもの。" eij: "～をする免罪符にはならない be no excuse to（主語の内容は）" "しかしながら、プログラマコミュニティのかなりの部分は彼の言葉を世間知らずである免罪符にしている。 A significant portion of the programmer community, however, take his words as license to be jerks."
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,7 @@ -<gloss>indulgence</gloss> +<gloss>papal indulgence</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>excuse</gloss> +<gloss>justification</gloss> +<gloss>rationalization</gloss>

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jmdict 1534030 Active (id: 1998431)
猛者
【もさ；もうざ [ok] 】

1.

[n]
▶ tough guy
▶ wild one
▶ fearless fighter

History:

6.	A 2019-02-27 01:14:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2019-02-26 19:12:38 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij　nikk chujiten
	Comments:	The three keywords seem to be "strong", "wild/rough", and "brave" and a strong connection to martial arts based on the example sentences
	Diff:	@@ -16,3 +15,0 @@ -<gloss>man of valour</gloss> -<gloss>man of valor</gloss> -<gloss>stalwart</gloss> @@ -20 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>warrior</gloss> +<gloss>wild one</gloss> +<gloss>fearless fighter</gloss>
4.	A 2013-07-29 23:35:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-07-29 23:23:26 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/猛者　　 http://www.wordreference.com/jaen/猛者 http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/all/猛者/m0u/
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,2 @@ +<gloss>tough guy</gloss> +<gloss>warrior</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:24:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:49:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>もうざ</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +</r_ele>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1542590 Active (id: 2175754)
融合 [news1,nf19]
【ゆうごう [news1,nf19] 】

1.

[n,vs,vi,adj-no]
▶ agglutination
▶ adhesion
▶ fusion
▶ combination
▶ blending
▶ uniting

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-01-22 01:33:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Correct POS order -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -18 +18,0 @@ -<pos>&vi;</pos>
3.	A 2021-11-18 01:03:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2013-02-17 02:54:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes.
	Diff:	@@ -23,1 +23,1 @@ -<gloss>unite</gloss> +<gloss>uniting</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 10:57:12 Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	"combination" seems to be a suitable gloss in many cases. e.g. "Tablet PCs combine the simplicity of paper with the full power of the PC experience." このTablet PCには、紙の持つ簡便性と全ての機能が装備されたPCエクスペリエンスが融合されています。 I got the idea for "blending" from Shogakukan Progressive.
	Comments:	"unite" seems a little odd as a verb at the end of a string of nouns. Should it be "uniting"?
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +21,2 @@ +<gloss>combination</gloss> +<gloss>blending</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1547330 Rejected (id: 2308129)
欲しい [ichi1,news1,nf18]
【ほしい [ichi1,news1,nf18] 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ wanting (to have)
▶ desiring
▶ wishing for

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1611550 欲しがる 1. to appear to want to have (something); to obviously want; to seem to want; to indicate a wish for

2.

[adj-i,aux-adj] [uk]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)

Conjugations

History:

21.	R 2024-08-06 05:20:48 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've only skimmed the discussion but personally I still think "wanting" is better and more helpful than the original "wanted". As Jim and Alan seem content with this version as well, I think it's time to let this rest.
20.	A* 2024-07-31 08:17:10 Non
	Comments:	Apologies but I must insist that, for the reasons previously listed, it is the worst set out of the three. I have thus far tried, without apparent success, to focus on the alternative glosses' merits. However, I think this point can also be made by trying to find the current gloss' merits instead. For example, I once again bring up this: Assume all three candidates(wanting, want, wanted ) are all equally valid in regards to semantics and syntax and then try to translate a few sentences with ほしい using each of them - I think you will agree that the translations with the current gloss sound significantly more awkward than either of the rest. This prompts the question: if they are all equally meritorious but 'wanting' has the singular demerit of being the most unnatural, what is it that makes it the most suitable choice over the others, which harbour no such fault?
19.	A 2024-07-30 23:55:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks for the discussion. Short of having extensive information about the use of the term in context (as in Makino and Tsutsui) we really have no alternative but to have a small set of succinct glosses. I'm comfortable with the current set.
18.	A* 2024-07-25 16:30:33 Non
	Comments:	I would like to provide some counterpoints. On case alternation other than 欲しい, etc. The translative を does not qualify, it is used specifically with intransitive motion verbs to mark a path traversed - it is semantically distinct from accusative を. Here we have a particle taking upon another function that is not present elsewhere; with 欲しい, what is being proposed is that a particle suddenly takes the function of another particle for seemingly no reason. Translative and accusative を have much better parallels in locative and dative に. What happens with the (ら)れる・できる potential forms is much more similar, but it can still be inferred from their historical usage and etymology that they were originally structured with が over that which is possible to be acted upon, and the actor with に - they do not originally take objects and I think it a mistake to call the が格 an object. On transitivity, semantics and syntax. "Fish is wanted" and "I want fish" are semantically equivalent. You seem to be conflating semantic/thematic roles and syntactic roles, they are related but not the same; across those two sentences the thematic roles remain the same, it is only the syntactic roles that change in regards to who is the subject. That 欲しい feels transitive, I suspect comes from it having two thematic roles that you would expect of a transitive verb: stimulus and experiencer. In the two sentences above, the fish is the stimulus and I/me is the experiencer; in European languages, we commonly have the experiencer as the subject and the stimulus as the object of a transitive verb, that is the case of the english 'want' - but Japanese does not do this, it has the stimulus as the nominative resulting in an intransitive word while the experiencer is either omitted, topicalised, or marked by the dative. As for the case alternation in 欲しい、嫌い and 好き. I advocate for disregarding this entirely. Though you can occasionally find someone who uses を欲しい most do not. Acceptability tests also consistently rank the use of accusatives with those adjectives lower than the standard nominative; and if you go asking about you will find someone who opposes those structures after not too long - particularly so for を欲しい - but I do not think you could find someone who considers the usual が as ungrammatical. Those uses are an anomaly and should be held to be an anomaly, the grammar of adjectives does not license their existence. Lastly, が as a grammatical object. It is unfalsifiable. Japanese lacks things such as number and gender agreement on predicates, which deprives us of any features we could use to determine what is and is not the subject. The only recourse we have is the が格. So, you could say that in that one case it does indeed represent the object - but you cannot prove it and neither can I disprove you. However, if we say that it becomes the object, then that becomes a peculiar exception to the grammar: we have essentially created a new rule. Similarly, we would need another one that says that に marks the subject whenever it is used every blue moon or so. I argue, that since neither can be proven nor disproven, we take it to always be the subject and choose the gloss accordingly as that reduces the number of rules and exceptions we have to work with, making the process more consistent and eliminating potential confusion by the reader: if all else is equal, the simpler alternative should be better.
17.	A* 2024-07-25 08:59:49 Alan Cheng <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Hasegawa, Y. (2014). Japanese: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge University Press. Schaanning, J. G. (2019). Case-alternation with Japanese adjectives: A cognitive transitive perspective (Master's thesis).
	Comments:	To throw in my two cents: From a syntax perspective, in most situations in Japanese, the case marker corresponds to the grammatical function (e.g., nominative が marks the subject, accusative を marks the direct object). But I agree with the view that 欲しい (along with 好き and others) is an exception where the nominative case marker が actually indicates the direct object (Hasegawa 2014). For what it's worth, other examples of such "case alternation" occur with potential verbs, where the direct object can be marked with either が or を, and with motion verbs, where the location of motion--not the direct object--is marked with を. From a cognitive perspective, I would argue that 欲しい feels transitive, so I agree with Marcus's 2021 comment that it should have an active gloss. This mainly a feeling from personal experience, as I don't feel that the glosses "wanted"/"want-able"/"desirable" accurately convey the semantics of 欲しい compared to the more transitive "want". If I say 肉がほしい, I mean "I want fish", and not "Fish is wanted" (which is semantically incorrect, as the want-er is definitely the speaker). In my interpretation, this is a sentence whose subject is not directly referenced and whose predicate ほしい acts on a direct object 肉 with the case marker が. One could argue for the interpretation "Fish is wanted (by me)", but this feels stilted to me. There are also plenty of examples in both literature and spontaneous speech where native speakers replace が with the "nonstandard" を when using 欲しい, which may suggest a similar stance that 欲しい is an transitive predicate. For instance, Murakami in his novel, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994): 「十分だけでいいから時間を欲しいの。」(see Schaanning 2019 for more examples). So I'm in favor of "want" or "wanting" rather than "wanted" for the glosses. I see the potential value in using "wanted" as a gloss since it's easier to explain to a learner why 欲しい takes the case marker が and makes POS alignment between Japanese and English easier, but I think it's less faithful to how 欲しい is used and perceived. All told, there is no definitive solution to this: Hasegawa admits, "At one time, I [...] equated nominative [が] with subject, but I am now convinced that accepting a nominative-marked direct object is more appropriate [...] The reader can likewise select either stance because both are equally persuasive and equally problematic."
(show/hide 16 older log entries)
16.	A* 2024-07-25 03:10:28 Non
	Comments:	Minimising this mismatch is precisely why I suggested the past participle; 'to want' is definitely off, I rambled about it in my first commentary - but so is this. 'Wanting' is the present participle, it preserves all the verbiness of 'want' and with it the same problems: 食べ物が欲しい to "Food is wanting (to, of, for)" yields us the same semantic discrepancy, and sounds awkward as it is not normally used with stative verbs of emotion like this. It somewhat works only if we take this to be its nominal use: "Food is (a) wanting (to, of, for)" but this is incumbent upon the reader to correctly select this interpretation, which I do not think is very likely, I do not see what suggests that they choose it over the former and needing to fill out the prepositional phrase afterwards makes it rather odd as a translation since 欲しい needs no further specification. Given all this, I do not see how it avoids any note, both possible interpretations are awkward and one is outright wrong. Meanwhile 'wanted' has only one possible interpretation in which it correctly assigns the thematic roles, has same number of arguments as 欲しい and would only need a note if we were to specify the one case where it behaves anomalously - which is not intrinsic to it and would need an additional note if explained with any other gloss.
15.	A* 2024-07-24 11:33:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
14.	A 2024-07-24 11:33:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've been mulling this over, and hoping that someone else will join in. What I plan to do it set the glosses for sense 1 back to the ones Marcus set in 2021. I think they work well. Yes, the JEs all have the verb-like "want; desire; wish", etc. but they really don't work well with an adjective. Making them "to want", etc. is going even further. The first gloss really avoids having a note. I'll reopen it for a while.
	Diff:	@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@ -<gloss>wanted</gloss> -<gloss>desired</gloss> -<gloss>wished</gloss> +<gloss>wanting (to have)</gloss> +<gloss>desiring</gloss> +<gloss>wishing for</gloss>
13.	A* 2024-07-15 17:15:27 Non
	Comments:	Agreed that it is not simple, adjectives of subjective emotion are tricky - but I propose this not to match the glosses to the part of speech but because I believe 'wanted' clarifies what property is being attributed to the ガ各(or modified noun) and facilitates a more accurate translation. I believe this is actually reinforced by the example translations that have it as 'want' in english: while translating 食べ物がほしい with a gloss of "wanted" would render "Food is wanted" which is semantically equivalent to a given example of "I want food", doing so with a gloss of "want" gives us "Food wants" which is not. In the latter case, one must account for the mismatch by either shifting the functions of the particles or the meaning of the gloss itself, at which point I think it has failed as a gloss. If this proposal is still to be rejected I would be in favour of at least changing it to 'to want' rather than 'wanting' - I struggle to see any benefit the latter has over the former and any translation with it sounds extremely unnatural compared to the alternatives; still, I would rather have only the participle or both. A note would be all around useful regardless of what is chosen, it is welcome clarification and also helps with the edge case of something like 私が欲しいもの in which the experiencer is actually marked by が.
12.	A* 2024-07-15 01:58:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	JE gloss summaries: GG5: want; desire; wish [care, long] for…; lust 「after [for]…. (Ex: 欲しいもの a want; a thing desired; an object of desire) 中辞典: want; desire ルミナス: want, would like. hope Makino and Tsutsui (B) pp144-5. - "expresses a person's desire for some object".
	Comments:	This one is not simple. Of the 550+ sentences we have linked to this entry, 120+ have "want" associated with it and 5 have "wanted". I think attempting to align the glosses with the POS is obscuring things. My preference is either to leave it as it is. We could change it to be more like the JEs but then a note such as M&T's might help.
11.	A* 2024-07-10 02:22:58 Non
	Refs:	JWN
	Comments:	Arguing for a reversion of 2021-11-16 gloss change; it seems to have been based upon GG5's translation, which is made with the goal of conveying the meaning with a natural translation, not the most accurate one. JWN's entry supports the previous glosses. Now, the current gloss of sense 1 has a verbal translation for an adjective - I think this by itself would be rather difficult and confusing for an inexperienced reader to reconcile as the english verb has its subject as the experiencer (the one who wants) while 欲しい has its subject as the stimulus (that which is wanted). In regards to voice in ほしい: I would not regard it as active nor passive; active and passive voices are features of verbs and the thematic roles of their participants in regards to which one takes the position of subject. Meanwhile ほしい is an adjective and its subject is fixed as the stimulus, with the experiencer being either omitted entirely or marked as a topic by は, or less commonly by に. In regards to the glosses themselves: they are participles, whether they are called passives in a particular instance depends partly on your choice of terminology. Nonetheless, be it stative passives or adjectival participles their semantic-to-syntax configuration matches that of ほしい (with the stimulus either as its subject or modified by it), which should make them more appropriate and clearer translations. Desired thing = Participle modifies stimulus That is desired = Stimulus as subject of participial predicate ほしいもの = Adjective modifies stimulus 食べ物がほしい　= Stimulus as subject of adjectival predicate
	Diff:	@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@ -<gloss>wanting (to have)</gloss> -<gloss>desiring</gloss> -<gloss>wishing for</gloss> +<gloss>wanted</gloss> +<gloss>desired</gloss> +<gloss>wished</gloss>
10.	A 2022-04-25 06:11:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2022-04-25 02:15:55 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning sense part-of-speech information for auxiliary adjectives
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
8.	A 2021-11-18 03:06:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Ah, that's true.
7.	A* 2021-11-18 01:52:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not sure about a note. The same rule applies to any adjective that describes a feeling.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>desiring</gloss> @@ -28 +29 @@ -<gloss>I want (you) to</gloss> +<gloss>I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)</gloss>
6.	A* 2021-11-16 06:05:02 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 "want; desire; wish (for)" etc. - all verbs
	Comments:	Like 好き/嫌い - essentially impossible to gloss as an adjective. "wanted;desired" etc. are passive voice, but this is really active, "_I_ want" we could have a note on this only being used in reference to oneself or in questions posed to others
	Diff:	@@ -21,4 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>wanted</gloss> -<gloss>wished for</gloss> -<gloss>in need of</gloss> -<gloss>desired</gloss> +<gloss>wanting (to have)</gloss> +<gloss>wishing for</gloss>
5.	A 2015-05-23 12:48:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google n-grams (2007 data) is similar.
	Comments:	Blame IMEs which dish out the kanji.
4.	A* 2015-05-22 10:42:46
	Refs:	n-grams がほしい 49724 が欲しい 177030 してほしい 168004 して欲しい 155575
	Comments:	the ratio seen in the n-grams is completely different from my experience. would have expected the kana form to handily outnumber the kanji variants.
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
3.	A 2013-02-17 22:49:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->note
	Diff:	@@ -26,1 +26,2 @@ -<gloss>(after the -te form of a verb) I want (you) to</gloss> +<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>I want (you) to</gloss>
2.	A 2011-05-08 08:31:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-05-07 14:57:47 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Link to verb
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1611550">欲しがる</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1611550">欲しがる</xref>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1547330 Active (id: 2308159)
欲しい [ichi1,news1,nf18]
【ほしい [ichi1,news1,nf18] 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ wanting (to have)
▶ desiring
▶ wishing for

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1611550 欲しがる 1. to appear to want to have (something); to obviously want; to seem to want; to indicate a wish for

2.

[adj-i,aux-adj] [uk]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)

Conjugations

History:

21.	A 2024-08-06 22:03:45 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Non, you have recently submitted some very good and thoughtful suggestions to several entries, and I hope that you will continue to contribute to jmdict. If our editors do not wish to spend more time considering this entry, then that's the end of the discussion. Please bear in mind that we're all volunteers, that engaging in arguments can be very taxing on the time and energy of others, and that the happiness of our long-time contributors is more important than any particular entry.
20.	A* 2024-08-06 12:15:49 Non
	Comments:	Once more, apologies, I am fully aware that this must be a nuisance but I cannot agree with the decision to close this as none of the points I made were rebuked nor the question I raised answered. As it stands, the decision to reject 2308129 seems to be one without any objective backing as the translation criteria I have brought up now and previously against the current glosses is the same one that the very editor who closed it has just used as support for minor alterations to the proposed での entry. So, I again ask: translate any sentence with 'want', then do the same with 'wanting'; disregard 'wanted' altogether if you wish to. 食べ物が欲しい = I want food 食べ物が欲しい = I (am) wanting food? I think that which is the most natural translation is evident. But if so, what is it that makes the latter a better choice over the former?
19.	A 2024-07-30 23:55:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks for the discussion. Short of having extensive information about the use of the term in context (as in Makino and Tsutsui) we really have no alternative but to have a small set of succinct glosses. I'm comfortable with the current set.
18.	A* 2024-07-25 16:30:33 Non
	Comments:	I would like to provide some counterpoints. On case alternation other than 欲しい, etc. The translative を does not qualify, it is used specifically with intransitive motion verbs to mark a path traversed - it is semantically distinct from accusative を. Here we have a particle taking upon another function that is not present elsewhere; with 欲しい, what is being proposed is that a particle suddenly takes the function of another particle for seemingly no reason. Translative and accusative を have much better parallels in locative and dative に. What happens with the (ら)れる・できる potential forms is much more similar, but it can still be inferred from their historical usage and etymology that they were originally structured with が over that which is possible to be acted upon, and the actor with に - they do not originally take objects and I think it a mistake to call the が格 an object. On transitivity, semantics and syntax. "Fish is wanted" and "I want fish" are semantically equivalent. You seem to be conflating semantic/thematic roles and syntactic roles, they are related but not the same; across those two sentences the thematic roles remain the same, it is only the syntactic roles that change in regards to who is the subject. That 欲しい feels transitive, I suspect comes from it having two thematic roles that you would expect of a transitive verb: stimulus and experiencer. In the two sentences above, the fish is the stimulus and I/me is the experiencer; in European languages, we commonly have the experiencer as the subject and the stimulus as the object of a transitive verb, that is the case of the english 'want' - but Japanese does not do this, it has the stimulus as the nominative resulting in an intransitive word while the experiencer is either omitted, topicalised, or marked by the dative. As for the case alternation in 欲しい、嫌い and 好き. I advocate for disregarding this entirely. Though you can occasionally find someone who uses を欲しい most do not. Acceptability tests also consistently rank the use of accusatives with those adjectives lower than the standard nominative; and if you go asking about you will find someone who opposes those structures after not too long - particularly so for を欲しい - but I do not think you could find someone who considers the usual が as ungrammatical. Those uses are an anomaly and should be held to be an anomaly, the grammar of adjectives does not license their existence. Lastly, が as a grammatical object. It is unfalsifiable. Japanese lacks things such as number and gender agreement on predicates, which deprives us of any features we could use to determine what is and is not the subject. The only recourse we have is the が格. So, you could say that in that one case it does indeed represent the object - but you cannot prove it and neither can I disprove you. However, if we say that it becomes the object, then that becomes a peculiar exception to the grammar: we have essentially created a new rule. Similarly, we would need another one that says that に marks the subject whenever it is used every blue moon or so. I argue, that since neither can be proven nor disproven, we take it to always be the subject and choose the gloss accordingly as that reduces the number of rules and exceptions we have to work with, making the process more consistent and eliminating potential confusion by the reader: if all else is equal, the simpler alternative should be better.
17.	A* 2024-07-25 08:59:49 Alan Cheng <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Hasegawa, Y. (2014). Japanese: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge University Press. Schaanning, J. G. (2019). Case-alternation with Japanese adjectives: A cognitive transitive perspective (Master's thesis).
	Comments:	To throw in my two cents: From a syntax perspective, in most situations in Japanese, the case marker corresponds to the grammatical function (e.g., nominative が marks the subject, accusative を marks the direct object). But I agree with the view that 欲しい (along with 好き and others) is an exception where the nominative case marker が actually indicates the direct object (Hasegawa 2014). For what it's worth, other examples of such "case alternation" occur with potential verbs, where the direct object can be marked with either が or を, and with motion verbs, where the location of motion--not the direct object--is marked with を. From a cognitive perspective, I would argue that 欲しい feels transitive, so I agree with Marcus's 2021 comment that it should have an active gloss. This mainly a feeling from personal experience, as I don't feel that the glosses "wanted"/"want-able"/"desirable" accurately convey the semantics of 欲しい compared to the more transitive "want". If I say 肉がほしい, I mean "I want fish", and not "Fish is wanted" (which is semantically incorrect, as the want-er is definitely the speaker). In my interpretation, this is a sentence whose subject is not directly referenced and whose predicate ほしい acts on a direct object 肉 with the case marker が. One could argue for the interpretation "Fish is wanted (by me)", but this feels stilted to me. There are also plenty of examples in both literature and spontaneous speech where native speakers replace が with the "nonstandard" を when using 欲しい, which may suggest a similar stance that 欲しい is an transitive predicate. For instance, Murakami in his novel, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994): 「十分だけでいいから時間を欲しいの。」(see Schaanning 2019 for more examples). So I'm in favor of "want" or "wanting" rather than "wanted" for the glosses. I see the potential value in using "wanted" as a gloss since it's easier to explain to a learner why 欲しい takes the case marker が and makes POS alignment between Japanese and English easier, but I think it's less faithful to how 欲しい is used and perceived. All told, there is no definitive solution to this: Hasegawa admits, "At one time, I [...] equated nominative [が] with subject, but I am now convinced that accepting a nominative-marked direct object is more appropriate [...] The reader can likewise select either stance because both are equally persuasive and equally problematic."
(show/hide 16 older log entries)
16.	A* 2024-07-25 03:10:28 Non
	Comments:	Minimising this mismatch is precisely why I suggested the past participle; 'to want' is definitely off, I rambled about it in my first commentary - but so is this. 'Wanting' is the present participle, it preserves all the verbiness of 'want' and with it the same problems: 食べ物が欲しい to "Food is wanting (to, of, for)" yields us the same semantic discrepancy, and sounds awkward as it is not normally used with stative verbs of emotion like this. It somewhat works only if we take this to be its nominal use: "Food is (a) wanting (to, of, for)" but this is incumbent upon the reader to correctly select this interpretation, which I do not think is very likely, I do not see what suggests that they choose it over the former and needing to fill out the prepositional phrase afterwards makes it rather odd as a translation since 欲しい needs no further specification. Given all this, I do not see how it avoids any note, both possible interpretations are awkward and one is outright wrong. Meanwhile 'wanted' has only one possible interpretation in which it correctly assigns the thematic roles, has same number of arguments as 欲しい and would only need a note if we were to specify the one case where it behaves anomalously - which is not intrinsic to it and would need an additional note if explained with any other gloss.
15.	A* 2024-07-24 11:33:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
14.	A 2024-07-24 11:33:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've been mulling this over, and hoping that someone else will join in. What I plan to do it set the glosses for sense 1 back to the ones Marcus set in 2021. I think they work well. Yes, the JEs all have the verb-like "want; desire; wish", etc. but they really don't work well with an adjective. Making them "to want", etc. is going even further. The first gloss really avoids having a note. I'll reopen it for a while.
	Diff:	@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@ -<gloss>wanted</gloss> -<gloss>desired</gloss> -<gloss>wished</gloss> +<gloss>wanting (to have)</gloss> +<gloss>desiring</gloss> +<gloss>wishing for</gloss>
13.	A* 2024-07-15 17:15:27 Non
	Comments:	Agreed that it is not simple, adjectives of subjective emotion are tricky - but I propose this not to match the glosses to the part of speech but because I believe 'wanted' clarifies what property is being attributed to the ガ各(or modified noun) and facilitates a more accurate translation. I believe this is actually reinforced by the example translations that have it as 'want' in english: while translating 食べ物がほしい with a gloss of "wanted" would render "Food is wanted" which is semantically equivalent to a given example of "I want food", doing so with a gloss of "want" gives us "Food wants" which is not. In the latter case, one must account for the mismatch by either shifting the functions of the particles or the meaning of the gloss itself, at which point I think it has failed as a gloss. If this proposal is still to be rejected I would be in favour of at least changing it to 'to want' rather than 'wanting' - I struggle to see any benefit the latter has over the former and any translation with it sounds extremely unnatural compared to the alternatives; still, I would rather have only the participle or both. A note would be all around useful regardless of what is chosen, it is welcome clarification and also helps with the edge case of something like 私が欲しいもの in which the experiencer is actually marked by が.
12.	A* 2024-07-15 01:58:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	JE gloss summaries: GG5: want; desire; wish [care, long] for…; lust 「after [for]…. (Ex: 欲しいもの a want; a thing desired; an object of desire) 中辞典: want; desire ルミナス: want, would like. hope Makino and Tsutsui (B) pp144-5. - "expresses a person's desire for some object".
	Comments:	This one is not simple. Of the 550+ sentences we have linked to this entry, 120+ have "want" associated with it and 5 have "wanted". I think attempting to align the glosses with the POS is obscuring things. My preference is either to leave it as it is. We could change it to be more like the JEs but then a note such as M&T's might help.
11.	A* 2024-07-10 02:22:58 Non
	Refs:	JWN
	Comments:	Arguing for a reversion of 2021-11-16 gloss change; it seems to have been based upon GG5's translation, which is made with the goal of conveying the meaning with a natural translation, not the most accurate one. JWN's entry supports the previous glosses. Now, the current gloss of sense 1 has a verbal translation for an adjective - I think this by itself would be rather difficult and confusing for an inexperienced reader to reconcile as the english verb has its subject as the experiencer (the one who wants) while 欲しい has its subject as the stimulus (that which is wanted). In regards to voice in ほしい: I would not regard it as active nor passive; active and passive voices are features of verbs and the thematic roles of their participants in regards to which one takes the position of subject. Meanwhile ほしい is an adjective and its subject is fixed as the stimulus, with the experiencer being either omitted entirely or marked as a topic by は, or less commonly by に. In regards to the glosses themselves: they are participles, whether they are called passives in a particular instance depends partly on your choice of terminology. Nonetheless, be it stative passives or adjectival participles their semantic-to-syntax configuration matches that of ほしい (with the stimulus either as its subject or modified by it), which should make them more appropriate and clearer translations. Desired thing = Participle modifies stimulus That is desired = Stimulus as subject of participial predicate ほしいもの = Adjective modifies stimulus 食べ物がほしい　= Stimulus as subject of adjectival predicate
	Diff:	@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@ -<gloss>wanting (to have)</gloss> -<gloss>desiring</gloss> -<gloss>wishing for</gloss> +<gloss>wanted</gloss> +<gloss>desired</gloss> +<gloss>wished</gloss>
10.	A 2022-04-25 06:11:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2022-04-25 02:15:55 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning sense part-of-speech information for auxiliary adjectives
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
8.	A 2021-11-18 03:06:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Ah, that's true.
7.	A* 2021-11-18 01:52:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not sure about a note. The same rule applies to any adjective that describes a feeling.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>desiring</gloss> @@ -28 +29 @@ -<gloss>I want (you) to</gloss> +<gloss>I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)</gloss>
6.	A* 2021-11-16 06:05:02 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 "want; desire; wish (for)" etc. - all verbs
	Comments:	Like 好き/嫌い - essentially impossible to gloss as an adjective. "wanted;desired" etc. are passive voice, but this is really active, "_I_ want" we could have a note on this only being used in reference to oneself or in questions posed to others
	Diff:	@@ -21,4 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>wanted</gloss> -<gloss>wished for</gloss> -<gloss>in need of</gloss> -<gloss>desired</gloss> +<gloss>wanting (to have)</gloss> +<gloss>wishing for</gloss>
5.	A 2015-05-23 12:48:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google n-grams (2007 data) is similar.
	Comments:	Blame IMEs which dish out the kanji.
4.	A* 2015-05-22 10:42:46
	Refs:	n-grams がほしい 49724 が欲しい 177030 してほしい 168004 して欲しい 155575
	Comments:	the ratio seen in the n-grams is completely different from my experience. would have expected the kana form to handily outnumber the kanji variants.
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
3.	A 2013-02-17 22:49:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->note
	Diff:	@@ -26,1 +26,2 @@ -<gloss>(after the -te form of a verb) I want (you) to</gloss> +<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>I want (you) to</gloss>
2.	A 2011-05-08 08:31:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-05-07 14:57:47 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Link to verb
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1611550">欲しがる</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1611550">欲しがる</xref>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1565440 Active (id: 2222711)
嗚呼 [ateji] ；噫 [ateji,rK] ；嗟 [sK] ；於乎 [sK] ；於戯 [sK] ；嗟乎 [sK] ；吁 [sK]
【ああ [spec1] ；あー (nokanji) [spec1] ；あぁ [sk] ；アー [sk] ；アア [sk] ；アァ [sk] 】

1.

[int] [uk]
▶ ah!
▶ oh!
▶ alas!

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2538870 嗚呼嗚呼【ああああ】 1. aaah!; oooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
	⇐ see: 2205270 あああ 1. aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!

2.

[int] [uk]
▶ yes
▶ indeed
▶ that is correct

3.

[int] [uk]
《in exasperation》
▶ aah
▶ gah
▶ argh

4.

[int] [uk]
▶ hey!
▶ yo!

5.

[int] [uk]
▶ uh huh
▶ yeah yeah
▶ right
▶ gotcha

History:

27.	A 2023-02-24 22:39:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I feel it's a pity to lose some etymological info, but no big deal.
26.	A* 2023-02-24 22:28:21 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We can remove ateji and nokanji tags from hidden forms
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -20 +18,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -25 +22,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -30 +26,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -35 +30,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -49 +43,0 @@ -<re_nokanji/> @@ -54 +48 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -58 +51,0 @@ -<re_nokanji/> @@ -63 +55,0 @@ -<re_nokanji/>
25.	A 2023-02-24 22:20:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
24.	A* 2023-02-24 20:25:35 dom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ああ 18788680 65.1% あー 9061462 31.4% アー 239306 0.8% アア 79681 0.3% アァ 27445 0.1% 嗚呼 665469 2.3% 噫 4726 0.0% 嗟 4403 0.0% 於乎 116 0.0% 於戯 53 0.0% 嗟乎 134 0.0% 吁 593 0.0% daijr: 嗚呼, 噫 twitter: 嗚呼, 噫 (嗟 appears mainly in names, 吁 in Chinese tweets)
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -21 +21 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -26 +26 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -31 +31 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -36 +36 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -49,0 +50 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -57,0 +59 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -61,0 +64 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
23.	A 2021-12-01 23:20:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 22 older log entries)
22.	A* 2021-11-30 14:17:32 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	嗚呼 665469 not quite rK ああ 18788680 あー 9061462 嗚呼 665469 噫 4726 嗟 4403 於乎 116 於戯 53 嗟乎 134 嗟夫 No matches removing 吁 593
	Diff:	@@ -7 +6,0 @@ -<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -11,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +16,21 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>於乎</keb> +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>於戯</keb> +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>嗟乎</keb> +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>吁</keb> +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -45 +65,0 @@ -<s_inf>also written as 於乎, 於戯, 嗟乎, 嗟夫, 吁, etc.</s_inf>
21.	A 2020-04-28 03:50:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
20.	A* 2020-04-27 06:11:26 dine <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://furigana.info/w/嗚呼#2b088b95 https://furigana.info/w/噫 https://furigana.info/w/嗟
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<re_nokanji/> @@ -26,0 +28 @@ +<re_nokanji/>
19.	A 2018-05-23 06:03:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've moved it to 3, to limit reindexing of sentences.
	Diff:	@@ -57,0 +58,8 @@ +<s_inf>in exasperation</s_inf> +<gloss>aah</gloss> +<gloss>gah</gloss> +<gloss>argh</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>∫</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -69,8 +76,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>∫</pos> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<s_inf>in exasperation</s_inf> -<gloss>aah</gloss> -<gloss>gah</gloss> -<gloss>argh</gloss> -</sense>
18.	A* 2018-05-23 02:47:59 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.daily.co.jp/gossip/2018/05/23/0011283626.shtml "「涙が出てきた。彼に対する不憫な想いなのか。それとも我が母校への腹立たしさなのか。あー。くそ」"
	Comments:	Should probably be higher up (possibly in 2nd place)?
	Diff:	@@ -68,0 +69,8 @@ +<sense> +<pos>∫</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>in exasperation</s_inf> +<gloss>aah</gloss> +<gloss>gah</gloss> +<gloss>argh</gloss> +</sense>
17.	A 2018-04-30 08:28:27 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	plenty of exampes on the web
	Comments:	covering all possibilites
	Diff:	@@ -35,0 +36,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>アァ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele>
16.	A 2018-04-28 23:51:06 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -40,3 +40,3 @@ -<gloss>Ah!</gloss> -<gloss>Oh!</gloss> -<gloss>Alas!</gloss> +<gloss>ah!</gloss> +<gloss>oh!</gloss> +<gloss>alas!</gloss> @@ -47,3 +47,3 @@ -<gloss>Yes</gloss> -<gloss>Indeed</gloss> -<gloss>That is correct</gloss> +<gloss>yes</gloss> +<gloss>indeed</gloss> +<gloss>that is correct</gloss> @@ -54,2 +54,2 @@ -<gloss>Hey!</gloss> -<gloss>Yo!</gloss> +<gloss>hey!</gloss> +<gloss>yo!</gloss> @@ -60,4 +60,4 @@ -<gloss>Uh huh</gloss> -<gloss>Yeah yeah</gloss> -<gloss>Right</gloss> -<gloss>Gotcha</gloss> +<gloss>uh huh</gloss> +<gloss>yeah yeah</gloss> +<gloss>right</gloss> +<gloss>gotcha</gloss>
15.	A* 2018-04-27 09:07:05 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	6 examples in Tatoeba
	Comments:	no G n-grams hits for あぁ; I suspect the n-grams cannot handle ぁ
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あぁ</reb>
14.	A 2016-09-14 23:07:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
13.	A* 2016-09-14 21:14:32 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -17,0 +19 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> @@ -20,0 +23 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
12.	A 2016-09-14 11:07:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2016-09-14 07:40:17 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ああ 18788680 あー 9061462 アー 239306 アア 79681
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,3 @@ +<reb>あー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -20,0 +24,4 @@ +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>アア</reb>
10.	A 2013-02-17 03:39:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. You win. I wish there was a way they could be searchable, though.
9.	A* 2013-02-16 04:56:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	as indicated by nikkoku and the kanwa dictionaries, there are a bazillion writings for this, none of which anyone is ever going to come across in real life. that's when we normally whip out the 'also written as'
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -9,0 +10,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -12,18 +14,1 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>於乎</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>於戯</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>嗟乎</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>嗟夫</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>吁</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>鳴呼</keb> +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -41,1 +26,1 @@ -<s_inf>all kanji forms are ateji</s_inf> +<s_inf>also written as 於乎, 於戯, 嗟乎, 嗟夫, 吁, etc.</s_inf>
8.	A 2013-02-16 04:53:24 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Meikyo: 「〈▼嗚呼〉」「▼嗟」「▼噫」などと当てる。 Nikkoku: 【嗚呼】文明・天正・饅頭・黒本・易林・書言・ヘボン・言海【咨】和玉・文明・易林【於戯】伊京・易林・書言【吁】和玉・書言【噫・嗚・戯】和玉【嗟呼】文明【呼】黒本【悪・都・烏〓・於皇・嗚〓】書言 Kanjigen: 〈於呼〉［於戯オギ・ああ］ああ、と感嘆したときの声をあらわすことば。【吁】...《訓読み》ああ ❶｛感動詞｝ああ。うわっという嘆声をあらわす擬声語。▽驚き・怪しみ・悲しみなど、文脈に応じてさまざまの感じを含む。［類義語］嗚呼（ああ）。「吁嗟クサ」 == 嗟夫 and 嗟乎 are confirmed in kojien's kanwa entry for 嗟
	Comments:	the only one i don't have a ref for is 鳴呼 temporarily approving
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>噫</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>嗟</keb> @@ -21,6 +27,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>嗟</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>噫</keb>
7.	A* 2013-02-16 01:43:29 Marcus Richert
	Comments:	What's the source for them though? "嗟夫" for example gets 0 hits on bing (set to Japanese,there's some Chinese hits though). there's some hits on google books but they seem to mean something else.
6.	A* 2013-02-15 23:20:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Marcus wrote: "can't we just remove a bunch of them? except for 嗚呼 and 噫, none of them are in daij/nikk. (吁 is, but as おの)", and proposed an amendment trimming it back to just 嗚呼 and 噫. I really don't agree - all the kanji forms are rare, but I think it's useful to have them recorded and searchable. I'm dropping Marcus' version and added a note about ateji, but I'll keep the thread open.
	Diff:	@@ -41,0 +41,1 @@ +<s_inf>all kanji forms are ateji</s_inf> @@ -47,0 +48,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -53,0 +55,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -58,0 +61,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
5.	A* 2013-02-13 22:01:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, and it would be a horrible clutter to mark them all. Perhaps a note.
4.	A* 2013-02-13 07:30:25 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	aren't all these kanji ateji?
3.	A 2010-09-22 04:20:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i don't think there's anything palatable that can be done with it. any entry for a species name that has another non-biological sense suffers from the same problem. a shortcoming of the swapping system
2.	A* 2010-09-17 09:07:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, and I can't see an easy fix. The heuristic for "uk" cases is to pull the katakana to the front if there is one, otherwise pull the hiragana to the front. A possible fix is to break アー out into its own extry.
1.	A* 2010-09-17 07:50:54 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this fails the 'nokanji' display fix. It displays like the following: アー《嗚呼; 於乎; 於戯; 嗟乎; 嗟夫; 吁; 嗟; 噫; 鳴呼》【ああ】 (int) (1) (uk) Ah!; Oh!; Alas!; (2) Yes; Indeed; That is correct; (3) Hey!; Yo!; (4) Uh huh; Yeah yeah; Right; Gotcha But ああ is actually the most commonly seen version.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmdict 1582430 Active (id: 1999943)
鈍い [ichi1,news2,nf30]
【にぶい [ichi1,news2,nf30] 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ dull (e.g. a knife)
▶ blunt

2.

[adj-i]
▶ thickheaded
▶ obtuse
▶ stupid

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2838553 鈍い【のろい】 1. thickheaded; obtuse; stupid
	⇐ see: 2134500 鈍ちん【にぶちん】 1. dullard (gen. from not picking up on other people's feelings)

3.

[adj-i]
▶ dull (sound, color, etc.)
▶ dim (light)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1900160 鈍い音【にぶいおと】 1. dull sound; muffled sound

4.

[adj-i]
▶ slow
▶ sluggish
▶ inert
▶ lethargic

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2838553 鈍い【のろい】 2. slow; sluggish; inert; lethargic

5.

[adj-i]
▶ insensitive
▶ dull (e.g. reflexes)
▶ unperceptive
▶ unfeeling

Conjugations

History:

11.	A 2019-03-08 21:53:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2019-03-08 20:17:24 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Let's try and split out のろい.
	Diff:	@@ -16,4 +15,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>のろい</reb> -<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri> -</r_ele> @@ -21 +16,0 @@ -<stagr>にぶい</stagr> @@ -28 +22,0 @@ -<s_inf>のろい is usu. in kana</s_inf> @@ -34 +27,0 @@ -<stagr>にぶい</stagr> @@ -47 +39,0 @@ -<stagr>にぶい</stagr> @@ -54,6 +45,0 @@ -<sense> -<stagr>のろい</stagr> -<pos>&adj-i;</pos> -<gloss>indulgent (esp. to the opposite sex)</gloss> -<gloss>doting</gloss> -</sense>
9.	A 2019-03-08 10:57:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I really wonder if this merge actually works.
8.	A* 2019-03-05 10:48:01
	Refs:	大辞林にぶい ③ 大辞泉にぶい ②㋑
	Comments:	痛みに鈍い = 痛みを感じない
	Diff:	@@ -46,0 +47,8 @@ +<stagr>にぶい</stagr> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<gloss>insensitive</gloss> +<gloss>dull (e.g. reflexes)</gloss> +<gloss>unperceptive</gloss> +<gloss>unfeeling</gloss> +</sense> +<sense>
7.	A 2013-02-17 23:25:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -36,1 +36,1 @@ -<gloss>dull (sound, color)</gloss> +<gloss>dull (sound, color, etc.)</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2013-02-17 21:32:10 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -36,1 +36,1 @@ -<gloss>dull (sound)</gloss> +<gloss>dull (sound, color)</gloss>
5.	A 2011-09-07 06:04:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	if these are to be merged, ordering of senses might be clearer if restricted groups were together
4.	A* 2011-09-06 23:58:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A 2011-09-06 23:57:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Approving to fix some xrefs, then re-opening.
2.	A* 2011-09-06 23:56:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daij, GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	I think these restrictions are correct.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +21,1 @@ +<stagr>にぶい</stagr> @@ -23,0 +24,1 @@ +<gloss>blunt</gloss> @@ -26,0 +28,1 @@ +<s_inf>のろい is usu. in kana</s_inf> @@ -28,1 +31,0 @@ -<gloss>slow</gloss> @@ -31,0 +33,19 @@ +<sense> +<stagr>にぶい</stagr> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<gloss>dull (sound)</gloss> +<gloss>dim (light)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<gloss>slow</gloss> +<gloss>sluggish</gloss> +<gloss>inert</gloss> +<gloss>lethargic</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<stagr>のろい</stagr> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<gloss>indulgent (esp. to the opposite sex)</gloss> +<gloss>doting</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A* 2011-09-06 18:31:50 Jeroen Hoek <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Sense split.
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +23,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos>

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jmdict 1585170 Active (id: 1124314)
両端 [ichi1,news1,nf23]
【りょうたん [ichi1,news1,nf23] ；りょうはし；りょうはじ】

1.	[n] ▶ both ends ▶ either end ▶ both edges
2.	(りょうたん only) [n] ▶ double-mindedness ▶ sitting on the fence

History:

3.	A 2013-02-17 04:06:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-17 04:04:18 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, etc.
	Comments:	りょうたん is the most common reading (only one in prog, nc and shinmeikai)
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<reb>りょうはし</reb> +<reb>りょうたん</reb> @@ -17,1 +17,1 @@ -<reb>りょうはじ</reb> +<reb>りょうはし</reb> @@ -20,1 +20,1 @@ -<reb>りょうたん</reb> +<reb>りょうはじ</reb> @@ -27,0 +27,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<stagr>りょうたん</stagr> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>double-mindedness</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 21:39:37 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.excite.co.jp/dictionary/english_japanese/?search=りょ&match=beginswith&dictionary=NEW_EJJE&block=67195&offset=90&title=りょうはじ+両端 http://kotobank.jp/word/両端
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,3 @@ +<reb>りょうはじ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele>

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jmdict 1590760 Rejected (id: 2050634)
河原 [ichi1,news1,nf12] ；川原 [ichi1] ；磧
【かわら [ichi1,news1,nf12] 】

1.

[n]
▶ dry riverbed
▶ river beach
▶ flood plain

History:

7.	R 2019-10-24 03:25:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fork.
6.	A* 2019-10-24 02:59:56 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	WordNet https://ejje.web lio.jp/content/% E6%B2%B3%E5%8E%9 F
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>flood plain</gloss>
5.	A 2018-09-23 05:00:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2018-09-22 16:08:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, oxford, merriam-webster
	Comments:	"Riverbed" is usually one word.
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25 @@ -<gloss>dry river bed</gloss> +<gloss>dry riverbed</gloss>
3.	A 2013-02-17 03:21:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2013-02-15 23:51:32 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, nikk
	Comments:	i think かわはら is only a name
	Diff:	@@ -23,5 +23,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>かわはら</reb> -<re_restr>河原</re_restr> -<re_restr>川原</re_restr> -</r_ele>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 23:49:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, my IME
	Comments:	perhaps oK
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>磧</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -22,0 +25,2 @@ +<re_restr>河原</re_restr> +<re_restr>川原</re_restr>

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jmdict 1590760 Active (id: 2185840)
河原 [ichi1,news1,nf12] ；川原 [ichi1] ；磧 [rK]
【かわら [ichi1,news1,nf12] 】

1.

[n]
▶ dry riverbed
▶ river beach

History:

9.	A 2022-05-06 07:07:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2022-05-05 22:06:04 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts 734,641 58.1% 河原 526,071 41.6% 川原 4,277 0.3% 磧 655,804 - かわら
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
7.	A 2019-10-24 03:25:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think Wordnet's translation is correct. 氾濫原 is the more usual term for flood plain.
	Diff:	@@ -27 +26,0 @@ -<gloss>flood plain</gloss>
6.	A* 2019-10-24 02:59:53 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	WordNet https://ejje.web lio.jp/content/% E6%B2%B3%E5%8E%9 F
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>flood plain</gloss>
5.	A 2018-09-23 05:00:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2018-09-22 16:08:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, oxford, merriam-webster
	Comments:	"Riverbed" is usually one word.
	Diff:	@@ -25 +25 @@ -<gloss>dry river bed</gloss> +<gloss>dry riverbed</gloss>
3.	A 2013-02-17 03:21:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-15 23:51:32 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, nikk
	Comments:	i think かわはら is only a name
	Diff:	@@ -23,5 +23,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>かわはら</reb> -<re_restr>河原</re_restr> -<re_restr>川原</re_restr> -</r_ele>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 23:49:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, my IME
	Comments:	perhaps oK
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>磧</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -22,0 +25,2 @@ +<re_restr>河原</re_restr> +<re_restr>川原</re_restr>

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jmdict 1604080 Active (id: 1940768)
真っ青 [ichi1,news2,nf28] ；まっ青；真青 [io]
【まっさお [ichi1,news2,nf28] 】

1.

[adj-na,n]
▶ deep blue
▶ bright blue

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2771600 真青【まさお】 1. deep blue; ghastly pale

2.

[adj-na,n]
▶ ghastly pale
▶ pallid
▶ white as a sheet

History:

6.	A 2016-12-09 16:55:40 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-12-09 11:49:05 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 真っ青 455534 真青 8938 まっ青 6786 まっさお 7981
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>まっ青</keb>
4.	A 2013-05-19 20:48:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-05-17 01:22:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Daijr splits the senses, but the JEs don't.
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +24,5 @@ +<gloss>bright blue</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -25,0 +30,2 @@ +<gloss>pallid</gloss> +<gloss>white as a sheet</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:22:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:53:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	splitting based on io
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> @@ -18,4 +19,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>まさお</reb> -<re_restr>真青</re_restr>

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jmdict 1609860 Active (id: 2211405)
塩辛い [ichi1,news2,nf47] ；鹹い [rK]
【しおからい [ichi1,news2,nf47] ；からい (鹹い) 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ salty (taste)
▶ briny

Conjugations

History:

11.	A 2022-10-14 05:58:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	辛い 7334341 鹹い 572 からい 431684
	Comments:	Indeed.
10.	A* 2022-10-13 22:22:20 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	辛い is also an acceptable kanji form for this meaning and reading. It's just split into a separate entry.
9.	A* 2022-10-13 21:57:20
	Comments:	it's not rare for からい because it's the only acceptable kanji for that reading...
8.	A 2022-10-13 02:28:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes. It doesn't fit in anywhere that well.
7.	A* 2022-10-13 00:33:50 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 塩辛い　　 │ 92,304 │ 97.9% │ │ 鹹い　　　 │ 572 │ 0.6% │ │ しおからい │ 1,360 │ 1.4% │ │ からい　　 │ 431,684 │ N/A │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	鹹い is surely rare for both しおからい and からい
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2013-02-17 23:25:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fair enough.
5.	A* 2013-02-17 23:15:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	removed from entry for からい as there were too many sense restrictions
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>からい</reb> +<re_restr>鹹い</re_restr> +</r_ele>
4.	A 2013-02-13 02:05:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-13 00:46:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	not listed as such in daij etc. - but in the daijs 五味 entry: "１ 5種の味覚。物の味の5種。甘さ・酸(す)っぱさ・辛(から)さ・苦(にが)さ・鹹(しおから)さ。２ " (daijr: "甘い・辛い・苦い・酸っぱい・塩辛いの五種の味。") _ wiki 鹹い redirs to 塩味 and has this in the text: "東日本では、一般的に「しょっぱい」と表現をするが、西日本では「塩辛い（鹹い：しおからい）」あるいは単に「辛い」と表している" http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/塩味 _ daijr also has an entry for 鹹いしおはゆ・い (given as 鹹映ゆい in daijs and 鹹映・塩映 in nikk): " 「しおばゆい」とも。中世・近世語しおからい。しょっぱい。"
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>鹹い</keb>
2.	A 2012-12-30 05:18:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-12-29 02:45:20 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@ +<gloss>briny</gloss>

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jmdict 1627530 Active (id: 1940555)
豊水
【ほうすい】

1.

[n]
▶ high water
▶ abundance of water

2.

[n]
▶ hosui (cultivar of nashi, Pyrus pyrifolia)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1549860 梨【なし】 1. nashi (esp. Pyrus pyrifolia); Japanese pear; Asian pear

History:

4.	A 2016-12-07 03:03:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-12-02 05:54:08 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki(nashi) jwiki(梨)
	Comments:	aligning with 幸水
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>nashi cultivar</gloss> +<gloss>hosui (cultivar of nashi, Pyrus pyrifolia)</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:54:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/豊水
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,1 @@ -<gloss>Cultivar of Japanese Pear</gloss> +<gloss>nashi cultivar</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 00:12:35 James Wheat
	Refs:	http://www.kudamononavi.com/zukan/jpnpear.htm
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1549860">梨・なし</xref> +<gloss>Cultivar of Japanese Pear</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1649100 Active (id: 1124405)

グリフォン

1.

[n]
▶ griffon
▶ gryphon

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2771990 グリッフィン 1. griffin

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:40:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 17:59:26 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,1 @@ +<gloss>gryphon</gloss>

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jmdict 1659120 Active (id: 2208055)
受け [news1,nf06] ；請け；承け
【うけ [news1,nf06] ；ウケ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n,n-suf]
▶ popularity
▶ favour
▶ favor
▶ reception

2.

[n]
▶ defense
▶ defence
▶ reputation

3.

[n]
▶ agreement

4.

[n]
▶ receiver of technique (e.g. in martial arts)

5.

[n] [uk,sl]
▶ bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1467640 【ねこ】 6. bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
	⇔ see: 1279120 攻め 2. top (dominant partner of a homosexual relationship)
	⇔ see: 2180730 タチ 1. top (dominant partner of a homosexual relationship)

History:

16.	A 2022-09-09 07:08:04 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -48 +48 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1467640">ねこ・6</xref> @@ -52,2 +52,2 @@ -<misc>&col;</misc> -<gloss>submissive partner of a homosexual relationship</gloss> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<gloss>bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)</gloss>
15.	A 2021-02-06 14:37:59 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
14.	A* 2021-02-06 01:38:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See the discussion on 2848104. 凹 seems to a pictorial tag rather than an abbreviation in sense 5. I think it's best dropped as it is not really relevant to this entry.
	Diff:	@@ -53 +52,0 @@ -<s_inf>often abbr. 凹 on gay SNS sites</s_inf>
13.	A 2021-01-30 11:26:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Obscure bug, I think.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<re_nokanji/>
12.	A* 2021-01-30 05:43:20 Alan Cheng <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding ウケ which is used for both senses 1 and 5. Not sure why the diff is saying I deleted the xref to 猫 though.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ウケ</reb> @@ -44 +46,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref>
(show/hide 11 older log entries)
11.	A 2013-02-17 23:52:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	had no idea what the hell SNS meant... must be getting old
	Diff:	@@ -47,1 +47,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2180730">凸・タチ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2180730">タチ</xref>
10.	A* 2013-02-17 23:24:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think 凹 should be a headword with a reading of うけ in this entry. It's too much of an outlier for a merge. Better to have an entry for it, if it is needed at all.
	Diff:	@@ -14,3 +14,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>凹</keb> @@ -49,1 +46,3 @@ -<xref type="see">タチ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2180730">タチ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2180730">凸・タチ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2180730">タチ</xref> @@ -52,1 +51,1 @@ -<s_inf>often abbreviated 凹 on gay SNS sites</s_inf> +<s_inf>often abbr. 凹 on gay SNS sites</s_inf>
9.	A* 2013-02-17 17:17:25
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>凹</keb> @@ -46,0 +49,1 @@ +<xref type="see">タチ</xref> @@ -48,0 +52,1 @@ +<s_inf>often abbreviated 凹 on gay SNS sites</s_inf>
8.	A 2012-09-30 11:33:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think they are sense 1, and it's probably OK now.
7.	A* 2012-09-26 07:47:37 Marcus
	Comments:	I agree, it's not different, but making it a separate sense seems a lot more helpful.
6.	A 2012-09-26 07:23:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	seems no different than sense 1 to me
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,1 @@ +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> @@ -26,6 +27,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<gloss>well-received by ...</gloss> -<gloss>well-liked by ...</gloss> @@ -51,2 +46,0 @@ -<xref type="see">猫</xref> -<xref type="see">攻め</xref>
5.	A* 2012-09-21 08:11:47 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs "女子受け" for example gets 255k "女子受けする" 380k (google isn't making sense, but it's not uncommon at least)
	Comments:	something's happening with the x-refs when I submit (which I can tell from the preview screen), I swear I'm not touching them...
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +28,6 @@ +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>well-received by ...</gloss> +<gloss>well-liked by ...</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -44,1 +50,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> @@ -46,1 +51,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1279120">攻め・2</xref> +<xref type="see">猫</xref> +<xref type="see">攻め</xref>
4.	A 2011-05-20 06:19:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2011-05-19 12:30:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fix xref.
	Diff:	@@ -44,1 +44,1 @@ -<xref type="ant" seq="1279120">攻め・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1279120">攻め・2</xref>
2.	A 2010-11-18 18:51:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-11-15 23:45:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	switching order of senses
	Diff:	@@ -39,2 +39,6 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫</xref> -<xref type="ant" seq="1279120">攻め</xref> +<gloss>receiver of technique (e.g. in martial arts)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> +<xref type="ant" seq="1279120">攻め・2</xref> @@ -45,4 +49,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>receiver of technique (e.g. in martial arts)</gloss> -</sense>

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jmdict 1805710 Active (id: 2197244)
快音 [news2,nf37]
【かいおん [news2,nf37] 】

1.

[n]
▶ pleasant sound
▶ pleasing sound
▶ crack (of a baseball bat)
▶ (pleasant) roar (of an engine)

History:

5.	A 2022-07-19 00:50:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-07-18 20:24:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	chujiten, shinmeikai
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss>pleasing sound</gloss> @@ -18 +19 @@ -<gloss>roar (of a motor)</gloss> +<gloss>(pleasant) roar (of an engine)</gloss>
3.	A 2013-02-17 03:22:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-16 05:16:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>clear sound</gloss> +<gloss>pleasant sound</gloss> +<gloss>crack (of a baseball bat)</gloss> +<gloss>roar (of a motor)</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 22:45:35
	Comments:	Hi, are you sure this means "clear sound" and not "pleasant sound"?

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jmdict 1820830 Active (id: 2069042)
形成外科 [news2,nf37]
【けいせいげか [news2,nf37] 】

1.

[n]
▶ plastic surgery
▶ reconstructive surgery
▶ cosmetic surgery

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1376160 整形外科【せいけいげか】 2. plastic surgery; cosmetic surgery

History:

7.	A 2020-05-15 20:53:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2020-05-15 18:03:15 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	fine by me
	Diff:	@@ -20,4 +19,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>plastic surgery department (hospital, etc.)</gloss> -</sense>
5.	A* 2020-05-15 10:27:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think we need the "... department" sense. We don't have it on other 〜外科 entries, and the sense 1 glosses can refer to the department anyway.
4.	A 2013-02-17 23:39:40 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, wiki, prog, eij, etc.
	Comments:	外科 also means 'surgery'. the existing entry was perfectly fine.
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,7 @@ -<gloss>plastic surgery department</gloss> +<gloss>plastic surgery</gloss> +<gloss>reconstructive surgery</gloss> +<gloss>cosmetic surgery</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>plastic surgery department (hospital, etc.)</gloss>
3.	A* 2013-02-17 15:48:40 Hendrik
	Comments:	The previously given first sense is not correct: plastic surgery is 形成術 (as can, for example, be confirmed via the many related compound entries in EIJIRO), colloquially abbreviated to 形成, while 外科 means surgery department
	Diff:	@@ -16,5 +16,0 @@ -<gloss>plastic surgery</gloss> -<gloss>reconstructive surgery</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2013-02-10 11:45:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, 医学英和辞典, 新和英中辞典, etc.
	Comments:	Most refs just have "plastic surgery". A couple add "department" as well. We better have both.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,5 @@ +<gloss>plastic surgery</gloss> +<gloss>reconstructive surgery</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>
1.	A* 2013-02-10 07:50:24 Hendrik
	Comments:	more exact meaning
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@ -<gloss>plastic surgery</gloss> +<gloss>plastic surgery department</gloss>

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jmdict 1867860 Deleted (id: 1124360)
完備した
【かんびした】

1.

[adj-f]
▶ perfect
▶ fully-equipped
▶ complete

History:

2.	D 2013-02-17 21:44:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	D* 2013-02-17 12:34:09 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just the attributive した form of 完備 1211560

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jmdict 1959910 Active (id: 2089475)

そら

1.

[int]
《used to get someone's attention or when giving instructions》
▶ look!
▶ there!
▶ here!

2.

[exp] [col]
▶ that is

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2134680 それは 2. that is

History:

6.	A 2020-12-04 22:24:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-12-04 13:25:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daijr
	Comments:	Sense 2 isn't really an abbreviation.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<s_inf>used to get someone's attention or when giving instructions</s_inf> @@ -10,2 +11 @@ -<gloss>look out!</gloss> -<gloss>look at me!</gloss> +<gloss>there!</gloss> @@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>there!</gloss> @@ -18 +16,0 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc>
4.	A 2013-02-17 23:27:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-17 22:32:37 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daijs
	Diff:	@@ -8,2 +8,1 @@ -<pos>&conj;</pos> -<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>∫</pos> @@ -16,0 +15,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2134680">それは・2</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<misc>&col;</misc> +<gloss>that is</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2012-12-19 06:18:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-12-18 22:17:43 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/そら
	Comments:	A couple more senses of the word.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,2 @@ +<gloss>here!</gloss> +<gloss>there!</gloss>

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jmdict 1984310 Active (id: 2100049)
荒む；進む；遊む
【すさむ】

1.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to grow wild
▶ to run to waste
▶ to become degenerate

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2476100 荒ぶ【すさぶ】 1. to grow wild; to run to waste; to become degenerate

2.

[v5m,vi]
▶ to become rough (of art, craft, etc.)
▶ to lose refinement
▶ to deteriorate (of skill)

3.

[v5m,aux-v]
《usu. after -masu stem》
▶ to intensify (of wind, rain, etc.)
▶ to become more severe

Conjugations

History:

10.	A 2021-04-13 10:56:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -33 +32,0 @@ -<pos>&vi;</pos>
9.	A 2021-04-13 07:08:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The original order was from Nelson. Every kanwa seems to be a bit different, and most seem to lead with あらい. I'm quite happy to go with your suggestions.
8.	A* 2021-04-11 16:59:32 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I meant KanjiDic kun-yomi.
7.	A* 2021-04-11 16:56:32 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The kanji 荒 has the JMDict kun-yomi あら.い, あら-, あ.れる, あ.らす, -あ.らし, すさ.む I propose あ.らす, あ.れる, あら.い, すさ.ぶ, すさ.む instead. Maybe あ.らし should be included. This is a noun in its own right rather than just the masu-stem of あ.らす. Comments?
6.	A 2018-09-11 23:17:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -35 +35 @@ -<gloss>to intensity (of wind, rain, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to intensify (of wind, rain, etc.)</gloss>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A 2018-09-10 22:56:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2018-09-10 15:40:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj
	Comments:	Added senses.
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21,16 @@ +<gloss>to become degenerate</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5m;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to become rough (of art, craft, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to lose refinement</gloss> +<gloss>to deteriorate (of skill)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5m;</pos> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<s_inf>usu. after -masu stem</s_inf> +<gloss>to intensity (of wind, rain, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to become more severe</gloss>
3.	A 2013-02-17 23:26:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2012-08-04 07:06:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-04 03:28:28 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>進む</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>遊む</keb>

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jmdict 2017560 Active (id: 1124367)

たい [spec1]

1.

[aux-adj]
《after the -masu stem of a verb》
▶ want to ... do something
▶ would like to ...

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2842501 たし 1. want to ... do something; would like to ...
	⇐ see: 2122940 たがる 1. to (seem) eager to; to want to; to be anxious to
	⇐ see: 2209800 したい 1. want to do

2.

[prt] Dialect: kyu
《at sentence-end》
▶ indicates emphasis

3.

[suf,adj-i]
《after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb; also ったい》
▶ very ...

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1608630 【めでたい】 1. happy; auspicious; propitious; joyous
	⇒ see: 1608630 【めでたい】 2. naive

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2013-02-17 22:47:13 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -24,1 +24,1 @@ -<s_inf>after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb/; also ったい</s_inf> +<s_inf>after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb; also ったい</s_inf>
2.	A 2013-02-17 22:46:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->notes
	Diff:	@@ -10,1 +10,2 @@ -<gloss>(after the -masu stem of a verb) want to ... do something</gloss> +<s_inf>after the -masu stem of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>want to ... do something</gloss> @@ -15,0 +16,1 @@ +<s_inf>at sentence-end</s_inf> @@ -16,1 +18,1 @@ -<gloss>(at sentence-end) indicates emphasis</gloss> +<gloss>indicates emphasis</gloss> @@ -22,2 +24,2 @@ -<s_inf>also ったい</s_inf> -<gloss>(after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb) very ...</gloss> +<s_inf>after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb/; also ったい</s_inf> +<gloss>very ...</gloss>
1.	A 2004-03-30 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2046740 Active (id: 1161623)
首鼠両端
【しゅそりょうたん】

1.

[n] [yoji]
▶ being unable to make up one's mind
▶ sitting on the fence

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2771910 首鼠 1. being unable to make up one's mind; sitting on the fence
	⇐ see: 2771920 首鼠両端を持す【しゅそりょうたんをじす】 1. to be unable to make up one's mind; to sit on the fence

History:

3.	A 2014-08-25 01:54:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Kanji Haitani list
	Comments:	Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>
2.	A 2013-02-17 23:10:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2771910">首鼠</xref>
1.	A 2005-06-10 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2080870 Active (id: 1124308)
功を奏する；効を奏する [iK]
【こうをそうする】

1.

[exp,vs-s]
▶ to succeed
▶ to bear fruit

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2410290 奏す【そうす】 3. to accomplish
	⇐ see: 1925750 奏する【そうする】 3. to accomplish
	⇐ see: 2836332 功を奏す【こうをそうす】 1. to succeed; to bear fruit

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2013-02-17 03:59:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-02-17 03:07:57 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs "「効を奏する」と書くのは誤り。" 190k hits
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>効を奏する</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2010-08-21 19:58:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	-> vs-s
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<pos>&vs-i;</pos> +<pos>&vs-s;</pos>
2.	A* 2010-08-20 16:14:12 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&vs-i;</pos>
1.	A 2006-04-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2084010 Deleted (id: 1996503)
に成る [spec1]
【になる [spec1] 】

1.	[exp,v5r] [uk] ▶ to become ▶ to turn out (to be)
2.	[exp,v5r] [hon,uk] 《as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc.》 ▶ to do

Conjugations

History:

16.	D 2019-02-05 06:24:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've added this to my to-do list for when the indices are back. I may do little or nothing.
15.	D* 2019-01-20 05:36:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I get 3087. I should have checked before deleting the entry. The options are: (a) do nothing. Those sentences won't be picked up by 成る/なる, but there are already another 1535 sentences indexed to it. (b) reindex those 3k sentences. Not a trivial task. (c) reinstate this entry. I'm not sure anyone really wants that.
14.	D* 2019-01-19 09:40:05 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	There are 3044 Tanaka sentences tagged になる
13.	D 2018-06-27 04:32:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess I can give way on this. I've put a kana version into the pool used for text glossing.
12.	A* 2018-06-16 03:35:59 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think I agree with Rene's 5 year old view that this entry isn't needed - this is already covered by the なる entry. I'm not really convinced it's helpful to beginners, either. If they need this type of guidance, I'd much prefer to have a note on sense 1 in the なる entry reading something like "usu. as ...になる". With all entries like this one, the risk is also we lead beginners into thinking the verb is "になる" rather than "なる" (sure, the entry is marked "exp", but if this entry is to help beginners who don't even know the meaning of に, do you expect them to be aware of the finer points of our PoS tagging system?). If we choose to keep it though, I can't really see why "becomes" etc. would be better than "to become"? They're essentially the same but the infinitive form is how we usually gloss senses with a verb PoS.
(show/hide 11 older log entries)
11.	A* 2018-06-16 01:40:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think sense 1 needs to have the English infinitive form as a translation. I felt the previous "becomes; will become; turns out" worked quite well. It's an expression; not a verb per se.
10.	A* 2018-06-15 02:24:48 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,3 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>becomes</gloss> -<gloss>will become</gloss> -<gloss>turns out</gloss> +<gloss>to become</gloss> +<gloss>to turn out (to be)</gloss>
9.	A 2016-11-07 05:33:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2016-11-06 17:21:04 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: になる 163528095 に成る 292705 4 examples of に成る in Tatoeba
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>に成る</keb> +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> +</k_ele> @@ -10,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -18,0 +24 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
7.	A 2015-09-23 04:11:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2015-09-20 12:20:58
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos> @@ -15,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>
5.	A 2013-02-17 04:11:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Agree with "exp". I think it's useful for beginners, although it rapidly becomes second nature to use it. I see リーダーズ+プラス uses it as the Japanese gloss for the English suffixes "-en" and "ify".
4.	A* 2013-02-17 03:55:40 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	1) i have no idea what sense one is about. should it be formatted as "to ..."? is it necessary/helpful at all? 2) this is not a suffix 3) i'm not sure this entry serves a purpose. as mentioned above, it seems to be covered perfectly by the entry for なる. i'd consider deleting it
	Diff:	@@ -9,1 +9,1 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&exp;</pos>
3.	A 2013-02-17 03:52:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	that note is far too long and convoluted. taking the one from なる as you recommended
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>(In the forms of お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる this becomes the grammatical form creating an honorific verbal expression for) to do</gloss> +<misc>&hon;</misc> +<s_inf>as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>to do</gloss>
2.	A* 2013-02-16 21:56:18 Francis
	Refs:	See below.
	Comments:	As a novice, I prefer the explanation under the "なる《成る(P); 為る》" entry for the meaning of [2], ie, as follows:- (8) (hon) (as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc.) to do ...; Either way, I think the novice would like the same explanation form for both entries.
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@ -<gloss>(with "o" and masu-stem of verb) grammatical form creating an honorific verbal expression</gloss> +<gloss>(In the forms of お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる this becomes the grammatical form creating an honorific verbal expression for) to do</gloss>
1.	A 2006-06-04 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2096480 Active (id: 2049485)
辛い
【づらい；ずらい [ik] 】

1.

[suf,adj-i] [uk]
《after -masu stem of verb》
▶ difficult to ...
▶ hard to ...

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1365860 辛い【つらい】 2. tough; difficult; hard (usu. of situations)
	⇐ see: 2255050 居づらい【いづらい】 1. difficult to be (in a place); not feeling like staying

Conjugations

History:

11.	A 2019-10-09 05:59:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning POS with やすい, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<pos>&aux-adj;</pos> +<pos>&suf;</pos>
10.	A 2016-12-12 14:46:36 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1365860">辛い・つらい・2</xref>
9.	A 2016-12-12 14:43:47 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2016-12-12 14:38:51 Robin Scott
	Comments:	Consistency edit.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> @@ -17,2 +18,3 @@ -<s_inf>after masu stem of verb</s_inf> -<gloss>difficult to (do something)</gloss> +<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf> +<gloss>difficult to ...</gloss> +<gloss>hard to ...</gloss>
7.	A 2015-03-12 22:11:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17 @@ -<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>after masu stem of verb</s_inf>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2015-03-12 11:58:49
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf>
5.	A 2015-02-24 23:07:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, the JEs usually have kana in examples.
4.	A* 2015-02-24 14:41:21
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
3.	A 2013-02-17 23:26:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-17 23:07:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ずらい</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> +</r_ele>
1.	A 2006-08-08 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2098150 Active (id: 1985524)
無くてはならない [spec1]
【なくてはならない [spec1] 】

1.

[exp,adj-i] [uk]
▶ cannot do without something
▶ indispensable
▶ absolutely necessary

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1529520 無い 1. nonexistent; not being (there)
	⇐ see: 2255980 無きゃならない【なきゃならない】 1. cannot do without something; indispensable; absolutely necessary

2.

[exp,adj-i] [uk]
《after negative base of verb》
▶ have to do

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1632350 なければならない 1. have to do; must; should; ought to
	⇐ see: 2576160 ざるべからず 1. must (do, be)
	⇐ see: 2255980 無きゃならない【なきゃならない】 2. have to do

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2018-08-03 05:27:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Duplicated xref.
	Diff:	@@ -24,2 +24 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref>
7.	A 2017-02-07 04:15:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -24,2 +24,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref> -<xref type="see">なければならない</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない・1</xref>
6.	A* 2017-02-06 12:37:38 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 無くてはならない 93433 なくてはならない 2305618
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> @@ -23 +25 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">なければならない</xref> +<xref type="see">なければならない</xref>
5.	A 2015-09-21 23:21:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2015-09-20 08:31:55 luce
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> @@ -19,0 +21 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> @@ -20,0 +23 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2015-05-14 21:13:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>(after negative base of verb) have to do</gloss> +<s_inf>after negative base of verb</s_inf> +<gloss>have to do</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 23:04:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い・1</xref>
1.	A 2006-09-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2100900 Active (id: 2183901)

となる [spec1]

1.

[exp,v5r] [form]
▶ to become
▶ to be

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2022-04-19 22:25:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://run-way.jp/lifestyle/term/tonarimasu/
	Comments:	Very common. A lot of it is バイト敬語, i.e. "incorrect" according to most keigo guides. Also applies to になる. I don't think it's a separate sense. It's only polite when in a polite form like となります. But I think we can tag it as formal. となる is rarely used in speech.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<misc>&form;</misc> @@ -12,6 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>to amount to</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&exp;</pos> -<pos>&v5r;</pos> -<misc>&pol;</misc>
7.	A* 2022-04-19 08:24:34 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://lostash.jp/sales/business-skill/1056946#toc26
	Comments:	I most often see this expression used as another keigo form of である, as in 当駅では禁煙となっております etc.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +10,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2084010">になる・1</xref> @@ -13,0 +13,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<misc>&pol;</misc> +<gloss>to be</gloss>
6.	A 2016-11-04 21:20:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2016-11-04 14:16:14 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 35697410
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4.	A 2015-09-22 03:37:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2015-09-20 12:19:11 luce
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:50:14 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,2 +9,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2084010">になる</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2084010">になる</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2084010">になる・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2084010">になる・1</xref>
1.	A 2006-09-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2138570 Active (id: 1973266)
無き
【なき】

1.

[adj-f,suf] [uk]
《often used after one word to modify another, e.g. soulless body》
▶ -less
▶ lacking
▶ non-existing

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1529520 無い 1. nonexistent; not being (there)

History:

3.	A 2018-02-25 05:09:32 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>-less (often used after one word to modify another, e.g. soulless body)</gloss> +<s_inf>often used after one word to modify another, e.g. soulless body</s_inf> +<gloss>-less</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 22:51:18 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い・1</xref>
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2149250 Active (id: 2184316)
止まない；已まない [rK]
【やまない】

1.

[exp,adj-i,aux-adj] [uk]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ always
▶ forever

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1310640 止む 1. to cease; to stop; to be over

2.

[exp,adj-i,aux-adj]
▶ very
▶ greatly (esp. of hopes and desires)

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2022-04-25 20:42:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-04-25 17:13:25 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts 328,100 68.9% てやまない 505 0.1% てやまなく 17,122 3.6% てやまなかった 120,672 25.3% て止まない 260 0.1% て止まなく 6,293 1.3% て止まなかった 3,194 0.7% て已まない None - て已まなく 277 0.1% て已まなかった
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> @@ -24,0 +27 @@ +<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
2.	A 2013-02-17 22:48:51 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->note
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>(after the -te form of a verb) always</gloss> +<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>always</gloss>
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2150240 Active (id: 1124282)
行き方；行方 [io]
【ゆきがた；いきがた】

1.

[n]
▶ (one's) whereabouts

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1282180 行方 1. (one's) whereabouts

History:

7.	A 2013-02-17 03:20:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	If Daijisen is the only 国語 with it, then it probably is "io"... 8-)}
6.	A* 2013-02-16 07:05:16 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	行（き）方 in daijs (though for ゆきかた) - is it really io then?
5.	A 2013-02-16 04:35:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-02-16 02:39:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	shinmeikai
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>行方</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2010-07-22 01:13:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2010-07-22 01:02:59 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just restricting the x-over. Noticed these two entries ... 行き方【いきかた; ゆきかた】 (n) way of doing; route; directions 行き方【ゆきがた; いきがた】 (n) (See 行方) (one's) whereabouts That's nice and confusing.
	Diff:	@@ -15,3 +15,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1282180">行方</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1282180">行方</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1282180">行方</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1282180">行方・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1282180">行方・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1282180">行方・1</xref>
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2176410 Active (id: 1124626)
例の
【れいの】

1.	[adj-pn] ▶ the usual ▶ as it always is
2.	[adj-pn] ▶ said ▶ that (previously-mentioned person or object) ▶ aforementioned ▶ you-know-(who, what, etc.)
3.	[adv] [arch] ▶ in the usual way

History:

8.	A 2013-02-19 18:35:01 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2013-02-17 03:09:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Rene probably thought he'd covered it with his amendment. I've added some more. Please add to if if more is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>that (previously-mentioned person or object)</gloss> @@ -19,0 +20,1 @@ +<gloss>you-know-(who, what, etc.)</gloss>
6.	A* 2013-02-16 16:47:36 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I notice there was no response to my earlier comment about this entry. I've now run across that usage in three different books, so I'll hope you'll reconsider including it. It's the meaning as in "例のあの人" (the translation of "you-know-who" in the Harry Potter Japanese versions), which is a meaning like "that X" (例のあの人 would be "that guy"), where X isn't necessarily "aforementioned" or "said". I also saw it as "例の包み" ("that package (which he had earlier retrieved)") and "例の子供達" ("those kids (who have been in the newspapers lately") and "例のコンピューター" ("that computer (that the vice-principal keeps using")). I might put the meaning as "that (person or thing)" or "those (persons or things)", although that doesn't fully capture it, but it might be too wordy to say "that (person or thing that is well-known or has previously been a topic of discussion)" (noting again that "aforementioned" doesn't really capture it, because the prior mention may have taken place "offscreen"). When I've seen it, there's also a nuance of the thing in question perhaps being somewhat notorious or mysterious.
5.	A 2012-12-17 11:04:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2012-12-17 07:22:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i think it should remain. all the usual sources have it, and it's not obvious that something that ends with の can be used as an adverb, though i think that usage is archaic
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,0 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -18,0 +17,4 @@ +<gloss>said</gloss> +<gloss>aforementioned</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -19,0 +22,1 @@ +<misc>&arch;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	D* 2012-12-16 05:14:47 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Is this entry necessary? We have "adj-no" on 1585230 (例), and that has the sense "said, aforementioned".
2.	A* 2012-12-16 00:17:14 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	There's another sense of this term which isn't captured in the current meanings, but I'm having trouble putting it into words. I found one description in Japanese: 話し手と聞き手とが，すでによく知っている話題について具体的な表現を用いずに述べる場合にいう。 It's the meaning in usage like: "例のあの人" -- "you-know-who/that guy" or "ネロは例のコンピューターをもっている" -- "Nero has that computer (that we're all familiar with)". Maybe the meaning could be "that (person); that (thing)" I'll let you decide if that passes muster to be added to the official meaning.
1.	A 2007-05-30 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2180730 Active (id: 2208057)

タチ

1.

[n] [sl]
▶ top (dominant partner of a homosexual relationship)

Cross references:
	⇔ ant: 1467640 【ねこ】 6. bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
	⇔ see: 1279120 攻め 2. top (dominant partner of a homosexual relationship)
	⇔ see: 1659120 【ウケ】 5. bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
	⇐ see: 2845930 バリタチ 1. top (dominant partner of a homosexual relationship)

History:

10.	A 2022-09-09 07:09:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<xref type="ant" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> +<xref type="ant" seq="1467640">ねこ・6</xref> @@ -11,3 +11,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1659120">受け・5</xref> -<misc>&col;</misc> -<gloss>dominant partner of a homosexual relationship</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1659120">ウケ・5</xref> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<gloss>top (dominant partner of a homosexual relationship)</gloss>
9.	A 2021-02-06 14:42:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2021-02-06 01:42:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See the discussion on 2848104. 凸 seems to a pictorial tag rather than an abbreviation. I think it's best dropped as it is not really relevant to this entry.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +13,0 @@ -<s_inf>often abbr. 凸 on gay SNS sites</s_inf>
7.	A 2016-11-26 09:01:33 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -10 +9,0 @@ -<xref type="ant" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> @@ -13 +11,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
6.	A 2013-02-17 23:53:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2013-02-17 23:24:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Why change "ant" to "see"? I don't think we can really say that タチ has become a reading of 凸.
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +4,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>凸</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -12,1 +9,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> +<xref type="ant" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> @@ -14,1 +11,2 @@ -<xref type="see">受け</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1659120">受け・5</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1659120">受け・5</xref> @@ -17,1 +15,1 @@ -<s_inf>often abbreviated 凸 on gay SNS sites</s_inf> +<s_inf>often abbr. 凸 on gay SNS sites</s_inf>
4.	A* 2013-02-17 17:17:54
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>凸</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +12,4 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1279120">攻め・2</xref> +<xref type="see">受け</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -10,0 +17,1 @@ +<s_inf>often abbreviated 凸 on gay SNS sites</s_inf>
3.	A 2011-02-15 00:05:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,1 +9,1 @@ -<xref type="ant" seq="1467640">猫</xref> +<xref type="ant" seq="1467640">猫・6</xref>
2.	A* 2011-02-14 23:54:14 Joseph Galbraith <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,1 +9,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1467640">猫</xref> +<xref type="ant" seq="1467640">猫</xref>
1.	A 2007-08-15 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2215310 Active (id: 1999909)
なくても良い；無くても良い
【なくてもいい；なくてもよい】

1.

[exp] [uk]
《after neg. stem of verb or adjective, expressing absence of obligation or necessity》
▶ need not
▶ (not) have to

2.

[exp] [uk]
▶ need not have
▶ need not exist

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1529520 無い 1. nonexistent; not being (there)
	⇐ see: 2569620 無くもがな【なくもがな】 1. can be dispensed with; be better without; useless

History:

7.	A 2019-03-08 18:13:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<s_inf>after neg. stem of verb, expressing absence of obligation or necessity</s_inf> +<s_inf>after neg. stem of verb or adjective, expressing absence of obligation or necessity</s_inf>
6.	A 2019-03-08 10:54:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, RP, 35 example sentences. なくても良い 554559 無くても良い 28346 なくてもよい 245130 なくてもいい 2339045
	Comments:	I think it can stay.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<reb>なくてもよい</reb> +<reb>なくてもいい</reb> @@ -14 +14 @@ -<reb>なくてもいい</reb> +<reb>なくてもよい</reb> @@ -19,2 +19,2 @@ -<s_inf>after neg. stem of verb</s_inf> -<gloss>need not (verb)</gloss> +<s_inf>after neg. stem of verb, expressing absence of obligation or necessity</s_inf> +<gloss>need not</gloss> @@ -22 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>expressing absence of obligation or necessity</gloss>
5.	A* 2019-03-05 23:24:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Do we need this? I'm not fond of entries that are essentially just grammar points. Also, this is used with adjectives as well as verbs.
4.	A 2015-05-29 22:22:03 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2015-05-29 21:52:50
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -25,0 +27 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2013-02-17 22:51:47 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>(after neg. stem of verb) need not (verb)</gloss> +<s_inf>after neg. stem of verb</s_inf> +<gloss>need not (verb)</gloss> @@ -24,1 +25,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い・1</xref>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2247970 Active (id: 2097464)
奎宿；斗掻き星；斗搔き星 [oK]
【とかきぼし；けいしゅく (奎宿) 】

1.

[n]
▶ Chinese "Legs" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2247960 奎 1. Chinese "Legs" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

History:

5.	A 2021-03-20 23:16:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I see Daijirin has another sense.
4.	A* 2021-03-20 12:51:23 Tyler Winn <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	大辞林３ Google N-gram Corpus Counts 奎宿 1130 斗掻き星 No matches 斗搔き星 No matches
	Comments:	Not sure if I did that right
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>奎宿</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8 +11,2 @@ -<keb>奎宿</keb> +<keb>斗搔き星</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2013-02-17 04:26:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-02-16 12:34:58 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ja:WP http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/奎宿
	Comments:	Add on'yomi
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>けいしゅく</reb> +<re_restr>奎宿</re_restr> +</r_ele>
1.	A 2007-12-20 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2255980 Active (id: 1124377)
無きゃならない
【なきゃならない】

1.

[exp] [uk]
▶ cannot do without something
▶ indispensable
▶ absolutely necessary

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2098150 無くてはならない 1. cannot do without something; indispensable; absolutely necessary

2.

[exp]
《after negative base of verb》
▶ have to do

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2098150 無くてはならない 2. have to do

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 22:55:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2098150">無くてはならない</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2098150">無くてはならない・1</xref> @@ -20,2 +20,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1632350">ねばならない</xref> -<gloss>(after negative base of verb) have to do</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2098150">無くてはならない・2</xref> +<s_inf>after negative base of verb</s_inf> +<gloss>have to do</gloss>
1.	A 2008-02-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2257550 Active (id: 2299196)

ない [spec1]

1.

[aux-adj,suf]
《verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation》
▶ not

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2222870 へん 1. suffix used to negate a verb in the non-past tense
	⇐ see: 2258690 ないで 1. without doing ...
	⇐ see: 2841117 ねー 2. not
	⇐ see: 1529520 無い【ない】 5. not
	⇐ see: 2441300 ぬ 1. not

History:

19.	A 2024-04-25 23:49:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I have split off sense 2.
18.	A* 2024-04-19 06:08:16 Non
	Refs:	daijs, daijr
	Comments:	2 Should be its own entry, it does not share an origin with the negative helper nor are the meanings similar. Added [aux-adj] to reflect inflection paradigm.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<pos>&aux-adj;</pos> @@ -12,7 +12,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&suf;</pos> -<pos>&adj-i;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2008630">忙しない</xref> -<s_inf>after the root of an adjective</s_inf> -<gloss>emphatic suffix</gloss>
17.	A 2019-10-14 04:22:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll just make it "suf" like sense 2. ません should be the same.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&suf;</pos>
16.	A* 2019-09-20 19:52:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	is sense 1 aux-v or aux-adj? do we really need separate tags for these? should we just simplify by calling them all "aux" and call it a day?
15.	A 2019-08-06 07:46:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	No further discussion.
(show/hide 14 older log entries)
14.	A* 2019-07-26 03:30:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not a question I can really answer, but I note that many references split ない into two entries in a similar way. 1529520 has been an entry from the beginning of this dictionary, and has been edited a lot. It was split into senses in early 2008 by Rene, shortly after he added this entry.
13.	A* 2019-07-24 22:44:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Is there a reason that these senses aren't part of the 1529520 ない entry?
12.	A 2019-07-17 10:34:11 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just meant to say my addition was actually already covered by a separate entry.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<s_inf>verb and adjective-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation</s_inf> +<s_inf>verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation</s_inf>
11.	A 2019-07-16 04:10:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quite possibly, but it's been there for years and I'm reluctant to chop it. Harmless.
10.	A* 2019-06-29 06:37:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Sorry, is the adjectival use maybe covered by the 無い entry's "not" sense?
9.	A 2019-06-29 04:11:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<s_inf>verb- and adjective-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation</s_inf> +<s_inf>verb and adjective-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation</s_inf>
8.	A* 2019-06-27 17:29:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i.e. かわいく_ない_
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<s_inf>verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation</s_inf> +<s_inf>verb- and adjective-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation</s_inf>
7.	A 2018-06-18 03:28:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	potentially this means a lot of changes to other entries that end in -nai
6.	A* 2018-06-12 12:26:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28944/should-i-use-なすぎる-or-なさすぎる
	Comments:	Rene has pointed out in the long-running adj-i/adj-ix debate that sense 1 should be "aux-v". I agree.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<pos>&aux-adj;</pos> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos>
5.	A 2013-06-04 08:11:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll close this and propose the change to the ねえ entry.
4.	A* 2013-05-31 11:53:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I suggest adding it as another sense of the ねえ/ね entry and having xrefs.
3.	A* 2013-05-31 06:27:24 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	As far as I can tell, we don't have anything anywhere indicating the use of ねえ/ねー/ねぇ in place of ない, and it's probably worth having. My first thought was adding it here, but maybe a separate entry with [col] and an xref here would be better?
2.	A 2013-02-17 22:48:14 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->notes
	Diff:	@@ -10,1 +10,2 @@ -<gloss>not (verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation)</gloss> +<s_inf>verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation</s_inf> +<gloss>not</gloss> @@ -16,1 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>emphatic suffix (used after the root of an adjective)</gloss> +<s_inf>after the root of an adjective</s_inf> +<gloss>emphatic suffix</gloss>
1.	A 2008-02-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2569620 Active (id: 1124376)
無くもがな
【なくもがな】

1.

[exp,adj-no]
▶ can be dispensed with
▶ be better without
▶ useless

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2215310 【なくてもよい】 2. need not have; need not exist

History:

3.	A 2013-02-17 22:54:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2215310">なくてもよい</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2215310">なくてもよい・2</xref>
2.	A 2010-08-13 23:36:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1.	A* 2010-08-10 22:01:41 Scott
	Refs:	daij gg5

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jmdict 2770770 Active (id: 1124410)
呪術的
【じゅじゅつてき】

1.

[adj-na]
▶ magical
▶ sorcerous
▶ supernatural

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:50:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-13 10:04:08 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	eij "呪術的要素 magical factor" used in several nikk entries related to 小正月 traditions (木呪, for example): "呪術的行事" etc. used in 10 daijs entries, 52 nipp entries, etc. 34k (b)
	Comments:	maybe worth having, for reverse look-up if nothing else.

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jmdict 2770950 Active (id: 1124311)
遭難死
【そうなんし】

1.

[n,vs]
▶ accidental death (esp. while climbing mountains or being shipwrecked)

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:04:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ＫＯＤ追加語彙
	Comments:	Not sure about the "esp".
1.	A* 2013-02-14 03:29:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	used in 4 daijs entries (and 13 nipp entries). "ウェーゲナー【Alfred Lothar Wegener】［1880～1930］ドイツの気象・地球物理学者。1912年に大陸移動説を提唱。3回にわたりグリーンランドを探検し、遭難死。著「大陸と海洋の起源」。ウェゲナー。" __ しんさい‐きねんび【震災記念日】大正12年（1923）9月1日に発生した関東大震災における遭難死者を追弔し、記念する日。 __ スコット【Robert Falcon Scott】［1868～1912］英国の探検家。二度目の南極探検で、1912年1月に南極点に達したがアムンゼンに遅れ、帰途遭難死。記録「探検航海」など。 __ etc. ___ newspaper usage: "「旅行業法違反ない」　万里の長城遭難死でアミューズ社" http://www.asahi.com/national/intro/TKY201212180648.html

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jmdict 2771050 Active (id: 1124294)
鼻塚
【はなづか】

1.

[n] [arch]
▶ burial mound for severed noses and ears

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2771040 耳塚 1. burial mound for severed ears

History:

6.	A 2013-02-17 03:37:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Looking at Marcus' refs I find it hard to be certain one way or the other. When in doubt I lean towards inclusion.
5.	A* 2013-02-15 01:35:00 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	http://crd.ndl.go.jp/reference/modules/d3ndlcrdentry/index.p hp?page=ref_view&id=1000086895 "岡山にある耳塚（鼻塚）について知りたい。" http://awabi.2ch.net/test/read.cgi/news4plus/1327418294/l50 ”朝鮮の耳、鼻塚は日本各地にもっとあると推定され" http://niigataheiwaundou.blogspot.jp/2012/05/blog-post.html ”日本には鼻塚もあるのですが、その名称は野蛮ということで、林羅山が鼻塚から耳塚にしました。なので一般的に耳塚という名称で通っています。"
	Comments:	the first google book ref I posted was actually about the one in Kyoto. (the 2nd one seems like it's not, though)
4.	A* 2013-02-15 00:05:29 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	"さて「耳塚」自身にっいてもう少し詳しくみてみよう。現在「耳塚」と呼ばれている塚は、先に述べたように戦勝品としての「鼻」を埋めた塚であり、供養を執行した承党の記した卒塔婆の銘文にも「鼻塚」と名付けるとあるごとく、「耳塚」ではなく「鼻塚」と呼ぶのが正しい" http://books.google.co.jp/books? id=n3ehX8PzgZwC&lpg=PA45&dq=%E9%BC%BB%E5%A1%9A&pg=PA45#v=one page&q=%E9%BC%BB%E5%A1%9A&f=false "しかし、これらすベての「耳塚」「鼻塚」伝承が史実を反映しては容易だが、さもない限り( 中略)まず第一に人間の耳がそう簡単に截り取って物品のように扱うことができるもの男は「耳塚の由来について」のなかで、これらを「かりにいたって惨酷なる風習が中世に" http://books.google.co.jp/books? id=MXdMAQAAIAAJ&q=%E9%BC%BB%E5%A1%9A&dq=%E9%BC%BB%E5%A1%9A&h l=en&sa=X&ei=f3odUeXaLYbIkAX81YCIAQ&redir_esc=y
	Comments:	I disagree, there are many google book hits which seem to use it in reference to 耳塚 in general, not the Kyoto one alone. also the nipp redir doesn't suggest it's only used to refer to the Kyoto mound.
3.	A* 2013-02-14 19:23:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i think this may be a proper noun (referring to a specific mound in Kyoto). i don't think it belongs in edict
2.	A 2013-02-14 11:57:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-02-14 10:08:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nipp (redir to みみづか) wiki

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jmdict 2771220 Active (id: 1124298)
既得権益
【きとくけんえき】

1.

[n]
▶ vested interests

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:41:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 07:51:38 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	eij, daijs

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jmdict 2771290 Active (id: 2276738)
円塚；丸塚
【まるづか；まるか】

1.

[n] [rare]
▶ round burial mound

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1176170 円墳 1. round burial mound

History:

6.	A 2023-09-11 02:17:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-09-11 01:32:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	えんちょう comes from the unabridged version of nikk. It's not in the other kokugos. I think we can drop it.
	Diff:	@@ -15,6 +14,0 @@ -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>えんちょう</reb> -<re_restr>円塚</re_restr> -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
4.	A 2023-09-10 01:41:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-09-09 09:51:46 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs https://kotobank.jp/word/円塚-636271 まる‐づか【円塚／丸塚】「円墳えんぷん」に同じ。円墳 29766 87.7% 丸塚 4084 12.0% 円塚 106 0.3%
	Comments:	丸塚 is a place name which inflates the ngrams. Google image search for "丸塚"returns high school sports teams.
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1176170">円墳</xref> +<misc>&rare;</misc>
2.	A 2013-02-17 03:40:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-02-15 08:44:14 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, nikk

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jmdict 2771300 Active (id: 1124412)
味噌炒め；みそ炒め
【みそいため】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ fried dish seasoned with miso

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1527040 味噌 1. miso; fermented condiment usu. made from soybeans

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:50:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 10:27:42 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	172k+54k
	Comments:	a bit self-apparent but maybe helpful.

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jmdict 2771310 Active (id: 2287666)
炒め
【いため】

1.

[n-suf,n-pref]
▶ stir-fry
▶ stir-frying

History:

4.	A 2024-01-07 00:54:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-01-07 00:51:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think this needs a food tag.
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@ -<field>&food;</field> -<gloss>fried dish</gloss> +<gloss>stir-fry</gloss> +<gloss>stir-frying</gloss>
2.	A 2013-02-17 11:11:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 10:37:24 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk 油で炒める材料や、油の種類を表わす語に付いて、炒め料理の名を示す。「油炒め」「野菜炒め」「バター炒め」 ... also "炒めご飯"

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jmdict 2771320 Active (id: 1124328)
バター炒め
【バターいため】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ food fried in butter

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:37:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 10:38:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	89k (b) nikk

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jmdict 2771330 Active (id: 1141139)
バター醤油
【バターじょうゆ；バターしょうゆ】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ butter and soy sauce

History:

4.	A 2013-05-31 11:58:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-05-31 03:32:19 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	hits product name: Calbee Jagabee "バターしょゆ味"
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>バターしょうゆ</reb> +</r_ele>
2.	A 2013-02-17 11:06:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 10:41:11 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	cross 169k (b) ”バターじょうゆ" 8k (b)

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jmdict 2771340 Active (id: 1124309)
醤油炒め；しょうゆ炒め
【しょうゆいため】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ fried dish seasoned with soy sauce

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1595020 醤油 1. soy sauce; soya sauce; shoyu

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:03:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://cookpad.com/recipe/1368772
	Comments:	For the sake of people coming later, a little more in the refs is a good idea. I see a lot of hits for ...バター醤油炒め and ...(の)にんにく醤油炒め too.
1.	A* 2013-02-15 10:43:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	63k+30k b

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jmdict 2771350 Active (id: 1124300)
炒めご飯；炒め御飯
【いためごはん】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ fried rice

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2748420 炒め飯【いためめし】 1. fried rice

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:44:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	炒め seems to go on the front of a lot of things.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2748420">炒め飯・いためめし</xref>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 10:45:50 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	35k+5k (b) eij used in one nipp entry, チャーハン

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jmdict 2771370 Active (id: 1124296)
中華炒め
【ちゅうかいため】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ Chinese-style fried dish

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:40:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 11:06:27 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	69k (b)

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jmdict 2771400 Active (id: 1124335)
烏賊フライ
【いかフライ；イカフライ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk] {food, cooking}
▶ fried squid
▶ calamari

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 11:10:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 11:25:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	58k, 3.8k for kanji http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/イカフ� %A9%E3%82%A4 google images confirm it's not exclusively calamari

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jmdict 2771520 Active (id: 1124336)
真海鞘
【まぼや；マボヤ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ sea pineapple (Halocynthia roretzi)

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 11:11:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-15 14:43:56 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	daij nipp nikk

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jmdict 2771550 Active (id: 1124273)
時雨の化
【じうのか】

1.

[exp,n]
▶ benevolent rule of a gracious sovereign

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:12:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:14:28 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5

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jmdict 2771560 Active (id: 1124281)
行く方
【ゆくかた】

1.

[n]
▶ (one's) destination

History:

4.	A 2013-02-17 03:17:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 has it a regular headword.
3.	A* 2013-02-16 07:06:35 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs example is 「我も―あれど」〈源・末摘花〉 arch?
2.	A 2013-02-16 04:35:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:33:47 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5

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jmdict 2771570 Active (id: 1124269)
内衣
【ないい】

1.

[n] [arch]
▶ single-layer absorbent bathrobe (worn during or after a bath)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2205220 湯帷子 1. single-layer absorbent bathrobe (worn during or after a bath)

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:11:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:42:17 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, nikk

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jmdict 2771580 Active (id: 1124270)
内衣
【ないえ】

1.

[n] {Buddhism}
▶ monk's waist robe

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:11:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:44:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, ddofbud

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jmdict 2771590 Active (id: 1124327)
息も絶え絶え
【いきもたえだえ】

1.

[adj-no,adv]
▶ gasping

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:37:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 (most examples are 息も絶え絶えの)
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@ -<keb>息も絶え絶えに</keb> +<keb>息も絶え絶え</keb> @@ -8,1 +8,1 @@ -<reb>いきもたえだえに</reb> +<reb>いきもたえだえ</reb> @@ -11,0 +11,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:52:04 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/息も絶え絶えに言う http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/息も絶え絶え http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/10271/m0u/　　 http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/masaki1625/27494595.html　　 http://www.excite.co.jp/dictionary/english_japanese/?search=たえ&match=beginswith&dictionary=NEW_EJJE&block=63065&offset=1140&title=たえだえ+絶え絶え

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jmdict 2771600 Active (id: 1124276)
真青
【まさお】

1.

[adj-na,n] [arch]
▶ deep blue
▶ ghastly pale

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1604080 真っ青 1. deep blue; bright blue

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:13:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:54:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	split based on io

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jmdict 2771610 Active (id: 1124275)
真赤
【まあか】

1.

[adj-na,n]
▶ bright red
▶ deep red

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:13:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 02:56:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij

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jmdict 2771630 Active (id: 1124277)
透綾；透き綾 [io]
【すきや；すきあや】

1.

[n]
▶ thin silk material

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:14:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 03:01:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5

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jmdict 2771640 Active (id: 1124359)
凝り屋
【こりや】

1.

[n]
▶ perfectionist
▶ enthusiast
▶ zealot

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1239050 凝り性【こりしょう】 1. tendency to become totally absorbed in something; monomania; perfectionism; fastidiousness; meticulousness

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 21:42:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 03:12:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, ルミナス, JWN, etc.

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jmdict 2771660 Active (id: 1124420)
炉火
【ろか；ろび】

1.

[n]
▶ hearthfire
▶ ingle
▶ open fire in a fireplace

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:58:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2013-02-16 03:39:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, nikk, eij, ハイパー英語辞書 ("fire") "いろりの火" "hearthfire" sounds better than "fireplace fire", I guess. maybe there's a better word though

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jmdict 2771670 Active (id: 1124280)
角觝；角抵
【かくてい】

1.

[n,vs] [arch]
▶ strength contest
▶ sumo wrestling

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:14:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 03:47:14 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij

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jmdict 2771690 Active (id: 1124274)
棚機つ女；棚機津女；織女
【たなばたつめ】

1.

[n]
▶ female weaver

2.

[n] {astronomy}
▶ Vega (star in the constellation Lyra)
▶ Alpha Lyrae

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1853770 織女星【しょくじょせい】 1. Vega (star in the constellation Lyra); Alpha Lyrae

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:13:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 04:04:38 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, nikk

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jmdict 2771710 Active (id: 1124278)
稚；児；稚児
【やや；ややこ (稚児) 】

1.

[n]
《やや is an abbr. of ややこ》
▶ baby
▶ child

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:14:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 04:20:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, meikyo, shinmeikai, nikk

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jmdict 2771750 Active (id: 1124268)
かん水；梘水；鹹水；乾水；漢水
【かんすい】

1.

[n]
▶ lye water (for making Chinese noodles)

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:11:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 09:01:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5
	Comments:	i suspect 鹹水;乾水;漢水 may be ateji. could be merged with 鹹水 though no source does (again; i suspect that's because 鹹水 is likely ateji here though i have no source)

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jmdict 2771760 Active (id: 1124283)
寒水
【かんすい】

1.	[n] ▶ cold water
2.	[n] ▶ water in midwinter

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:20:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 09:03:50 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5

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jmdict 2771770 Active (id: 1124279)
淦水
【かんすい】

1.

[n]
▶ bilge water

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:14:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 09:05:28 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5

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jmdict 2771790 Active (id: 1124271)
呪術的思考
【じゅじゅつてきしこう】

1.

[n]
▶ magical thinking

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 03:12:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 09:28:09 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki

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jmdict 2771810 Active (id: 2285817)
駆け戻る；駈け戻る；かけ戻る [sK] ；駆けもどる [sK] ；掛け戻る [sK]
【かけもどる】

1.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to rush back
▶ to run back

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2023-12-15 19:00:34 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	〈駆（け）／駈（け）／掛（け）／かけ／カケ〉〈戻／もど〉る Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 駆け戻る　 │ 2,164 │ 84.0% │ │ かけ戻る　 │ 144 │ 5.6% │ - add, sK │ 駈け戻る　 │ 86 │ 3.3% │ - add (smk: 「駈け戻る」とも書く。) │ 駆けもどる │ 66 │ 2.6% │ - add, sK │ 掛け戻る　 │ 43 │ 1.7% │ - sK │ 駈けもどる │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ かけもどる │ 72 │ 2.8% │ ├─ーーーーー─┼───────┼───────┤ │ 駆け戻っ　 │ 5,815 │ 83.6% │ │ かけ戻っ　 │ 422 │ 6.1% │ │ 駈け戻っ　 │ 267 │ 3.8% │ │ 駆けもどっ │ 137 │ 2.0% │ │ 掛け戻っ　 │ 110 │ 1.6% │ │ 駈けもどっ │ 30 │ 0.4% │ │ かけもどっ │ 175 │ 2.5% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,11 @@ +<keb>駈け戻る</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>かけ戻る</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>駆けもどる</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -9 +20 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A* 2023-12-15 18:47:17
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 駆け戻る │ 2,164 │ 98.1% │ │ 掛け戻る │ 43 │ 1.9% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>掛け戻る</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2013-02-17 23:29:18 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, nikk
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 21:29:00 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/駆け戻る

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jmdict 2771830 Active (id: 1124319)
中国民主化運動
【ちゅうごくみんしゅかうんどう】

1.

[n]
▶ pro-democracy movement in China

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:14:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-16 22:48:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/中国民主化運動
	Comments:	386k hits.

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jmdict 2771860 Active (id: 1124317)
正選手
【せいせんしゅ】

1.

[n] {sports}
▶ regular player
▶ first-team player
▶ first-string player

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:12:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典, Eijiro
1.	A* 2013-02-17 01:59:06 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/正選手 http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/選手
	Comments:	As opposed to 交代選手

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jmdict 2771870 Active (id: 1124318)
交代選手
【こうたいせんしゅ】

1.

[n] {sports}
▶ substitute player
▶ substitution

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:13:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Eij
1.	A* 2013-02-17 02:00:46 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.wordreference.com/enja/substitute http://www.jfa.or.jp/jfa/terminology/index.html
	Comments:	As opposed to 正選手

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jmdict 2771880 Active (id: 1124320)
何としてでも
【なんとしてでも】

1.

[exp]
▶ no matter what it takes
▶ by any means necessary
▶ at all costs
▶ by hook or by crook

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2070560 何としても 1. no matter what it takes; by any means necessary; at all costs; by hook or by crook

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:14:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Eijiro
1.	A* 2013-02-17 02:06:12 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/なんとしてでも
	Comments:	A variation on 何としても, so I copied the meanings from there.

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jmdict 2771890 Active (id: 1124358)
方錐
【ほうすい】

1.

[n]
▶ square drill

2.

[n] [abbr]
▶ regular pyramid

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1709970 方錐形【ほうすいけい】 1. regular pyramid

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 21:42:02 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 03:47:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5

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jmdict 2771900 Active (id: 1124355)
抱水
【ほうすい】

1.

[adj-no] {chemistry}
▶ hydrate

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2171880 抱水クロラール【ほうすいクロラール】 1. chloral hydrate

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 21:41:07 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<field>&chem;</field>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 03:51:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5

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jmdict 2771910 Active (id: 1124321)
首鼠
【しゅそ】

1.

[n]
▶ being unable to make up one's mind
▶ sitting on the fence

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2046740 首鼠両端【しゅそりょうたん】 1. being unable to make up one's mind; sitting on the fence

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 04:15:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 04:06:20 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, etc.
	Comments:	glosses copied from 首鼠両端

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jmdict 2771920 Active (id: 1124381)
首鼠両端を持す
【しゅそりょうたんをじす】

1.

[exp,vs-c]
▶ to be unable to make up one's mind
▶ to sit on the fence

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2046740 首鼠両端【しゅそりょうたん】 1. being unable to make up one's mind; sitting on the fence

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:09:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2046740">首鼠両端・しゅそりょうたん</xref>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 04:10:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk, gg5, meikyo

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jmdict 2771930 Rejected (id: 1124408)
裕心
【ひろみ；ゆうみ；ゆこ；ゆうしん】

1.	[n] ▶ Hiromi (f)
2.	[n] ▶ Yuumi (f)
3.	[n] ▶ Yuko (f)
4.	[n] ▶ Yuushin (m)

History:

3.	R 2013-02-17 23:47:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Done.
2.	A* 2013-02-17 05:10:40 Hendrik
	Comments:	... forgot to split the senses
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -23,0 +26,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -24,0 +30,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 05:08:30 Hendrik
	Refs:	http://coreblog.org/naming/boys/p_88d55fc3.html http://name.m3q.jp/name?id=1570 http://ameblo.jp/yushin-blog/ (name is in the URL) http://ameblo.jp/yuu-shin/ (name is in the URL) https://twitter.com/Yushin_ws (name is in the URL) - also appears on various websites with the reading "yuushin" (not surprising) as name of a company and a soba shop
	Comments:	For ENAMDIC

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jmdict 2771940 Active (id: 1124354)
花烏賊
【はないか；ハナイカ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ paintpot cuttlefish (Metasepia tullbergi)

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 21:39:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 11:10:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ＫＯＤ追加語彙

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jmdict 2771950 Active (id: 1124423)
在居
【ざいきょ】

1.

[n,vs]
▶ stay
▶ residence
▶ sojourn

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2771960 居在【きょざい】 1. stay; residence; sojourn

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2013-02-18 00:13:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, nikk
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<xref type="see">居在</xref> +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<gloss>soujourn</gloss> +<gloss>sojourn</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 15:13:37 Hendrik
	Refs:	http://www.weblio.jp/content/在居 http://kotobank.jp/word/在居 http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch/0/0ss/107422400000/ (and plenty of other webidence of the term being used in context, though withough generally reference to English)

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jmdict 2771960 Active (id: 1124577)
居在
【きょざい】

1.

[n]
▶ stay
▶ residence
▶ sojourn

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2771950 在居 1. stay; residence; sojourn

History:

4.	A 2013-02-19 07:03:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-19 03:22:57 Hendrik
	Comments:	My first xref was a typo m(_ _)m
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2771950">在居</xref>
2.	A 2013-02-18 00:12:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,0 @@ -<xref type="see">居在</xref>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 15:20:31 Hendrik
	Refs:	Entry in a job application form at hand (from JICA): 現在又は過去１年以内の外国居在名（注３） The related note reads as follows: 注３．「居在」には、２箇月以下の旅行・出張を含みません
	Comments:	Never mind the rather odd wording 外国居在名 (presumably on part of a NS) - i'd be inclined to write 在居した外国 instead

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jmdict 2771970 Active (id: 1124416)
外来科
【がいらいか】

1.

[n]
▶ outpatient department

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:55:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 15:36:18 Hendrik
	Refs:	http://www.maruyama-hp.or.jp/outpatient/outpatient.html http://hospital.city.tomi.nagano.jp/simin/department/kango-bu/gairai-ka.html and more sites...

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jmdict 2771980 Active (id: 1124407)
形成術
【けいせいじゅつ】

1.

[n-suf] {medicine}
▶ -plasty

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:41:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, eij
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,3 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>plastic surgery</gloss> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<field>&med;</field> +<gloss>-plasty</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 15:48:25 Hendrik
	Refs:	An example of its application http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/鼓室形成術 with related entry under http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympanoplasty EIJIRO
	Comments:	See my related entries

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jmdict 2771990 Active (id: 1124406)

グリッフィン；グリフィン

1.

[n]
▶ griffin

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1649100 グリフォン 1. griffon; gryphon

History:

2.	A 2013-02-17 23:41:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1649100">グリフォン</xref>
1.	A* 2013-02-17 18:01:53 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/グリフォン http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/64181/m0u/
	Comments:	Variant of グリフォン (griffon, gryphon)

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jmdict 2772000 Active (id: 2001332)
鼻をつく；鼻を突く；鼻を衝く
【はなをつく】

1.	[exp,v5k] ▶ to assail the nostrils (smell)
2.	[exp,v5k] ▶ to go nose-to-nose (with someone)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2019-03-21 06:43:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, dropping that.
	Diff:	@@ -20 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>to be hit with a stink</gloss>
5.	A* 2019-03-19 03:01:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	does the 'to be hit with a stink' gloss mess up the subject (which should be the stench)? (i.e., at least in my reading, it is the person who is hit with the stink and who would be the subject here)
4.	A* 2019-03-17 20:33:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr- sensé 2- 「鼻を突き合わせる」に同じ。ルミナス鼻を突くようなにおい an unpleasant [a nasty] smell ･悪臭が*鼻(⇒鼻の穴)をついた A bad smell assailed my nostrils.
	Diff:	@@ -19,2 +19,7 @@ -<gloss>to be smelly</gloss> -<gloss>to stink</gloss> +<gloss>to assail the nostrils (smell)</gloss> +<gloss>to be hit with a stink</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&v5k;</pos> +<gloss>to go nose-to-nose (with someone)</gloss>
3.	A* 2019-03-17 19:49:37
	Comments:	「匂いが私の鼻を衝いてくる」 I think the translations are off here. The subject is always 匂い or similar. It sounds weird to say that a smell is smelly. A correct translation would be about the smell reaching the nose. 見る to look <-> 見える to be visible 聞く to listen <-> 聞こえる to be audible 嗅ぐ to smell <-> 鼻をつく to tickle the nose?
2.	A 2013-02-17 23:28:17 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	shinmeikai
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>鼻を衝く</keb>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2013-02-17 21:06:27 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://kotobank.jp/word/鼻を突く http://www.weblio.jp/content/鼻を突く http://www.wordreference.com/jaen/鼻をつく
	Comments:	Similar to 鼻に付く.

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jmdict 2772010 Rejected (id: 1124401)

ハードコア

1.

[n]
▶ hardcore
▶ hard core

History:

2.	R 2013-02-17 23:37:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Already an entry (1094530). Merging.
1.	A* 2013-02-17 21:41:58 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/ハードコア http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/173061/m0u/ http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/�ϡ��ɥ�� http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ハードコア
	Comments:	This is both a noun (a music genre) and an adjective (e.g., "hardcore porn"), but I'm not sure what adjective tag is appropriate for the part of speech. I looked up グルービー, which I think of as an adjective, but its part of speech is only "n". So please add the correct adjective type if appropriate.

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jmdict 2772020 Active (id: 1124444)
悪臭を放つ
【あくしゅうをはなつ】

1.

[exp,v5t]
▶ to give off a stench
▶ to stink

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2013-02-18 00:44:59 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, eij
1.	A* 2013-02-17 21:50:38 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/悪臭を放つ物
	Comments:	Like 異臭を放つ

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13.	D 2022-09-18 21:53:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fine.
12.	D* 2022-09-18 10:48:00 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	今日わ 101049 今日われ 10624 今日わかっ 10126 今日われ生き 9682 今日われ生きて 9681 今日われ生きてあり 9676 今日わかった 9395 今日わたし 7486 今日わかったこと 3676 今日わかり 2945 今日われわれ 2905
	Comments:	I don't think this is ever actually written as 今日わ (outside of Nikk) and that the high ngrams number is just from misparsing. I suggest merging this with こんにちは (as nokanji). 今日わ could also be added to that entry as a sK.
11.	A 2019-05-04 09:22:59 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>good afternoon</gloss>
10.	A 2019-05-04 02:10:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I yield on those. People looking them up can sort it out for themselves.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>今日わ</keb> +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> +</k_ele> @@ -6 +9,0 @@ -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> @@ -8,8 +10,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>こにちわ</reb> -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>こにちは</reb> -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> @@ -20,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
9.	A* 2019-05-02 22:58:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I would guess that 99% of instances of こにちわ and こにちは are typos. I agree that they should be dropped.
(show/hide 8 older log entries)
8.	A* 2019-05-01 06:40:43 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	spec1 based on the ngrams. I suggest we remove the other two readings and the ik tag and just satisfy ourselves marking it col.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
7.	A* 2019-05-01 06:37:21 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I didn't really consider the kanji. こんにちわ should probably be kept separate from こんにちは then. I'm not at all convinced the other two readings are helpful even to "gaijin", though. With the removal of the ろにん,　ロマンジ, etc. entries, this one's now the odd one out. As a user, I wouldn't expect any Japanese headword to be a typo not actually common among native speakers themselves.
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20 @@ -<s_inf>misspelling of こんにちは</s_inf> +<s_inf>daytime greeting; phonetic spelling of こんにちは</s_inf> @@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>good day (daytime greeting)</gloss> +<gloss>good day</gloss>
6.	A* 2019-04-29 01:19:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	今日わ 101049 こんにちわ 2951760
	Comments:	Quite happy to move こんにちわ off to another entry, but give the n-gram count for 今日わ, it probably should be its own entry. I think こにちわ/こにちは should stay, if only to help gaijin.
5.	A* 2019-04-28 19:36:44 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	こにちわ 4858 こにちは 6111 こんにちわ 2951760
	Comments:	I still think this entry is a little problematic. こにちわ and こにちは are typos foreigners might be prone to make while こんにちわ is (most of the time) a stylistic choice used by native speakers all the time. I think this entry should be deleted and the こんにちわ reading alone added to the こんにちは entry with an [ik] tag, just like ほんと is currently in the 本当/ほんとう entry.
4.	A 2013-02-17 03:31:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Years ago, after some discussion, we isolated a few common misspellings into their own entries to highlight them as such. There is a bit of a trap in putting こんにちわ, etc. into the regular こんにちは entry, as it may obscure the fact that it's an error, and certainly makes for a messy entry. We have 5 of these specials: こんにちわ, こんばんわ, ありがと, ろにん and ロマンジ (perhaps 願わくわ counts too.) I think they are all best kept separate and cross-referenced.
3.	A* 2013-02-16 02:17:42 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	does this really need to be a separate entry? we have lots of entries where ik's are included. they could be [ik] and [nokanji]-marked.
2.	A 2010-12-21 23:00:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll try the "col".
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc>
1.	A* 2010-12-15 03:00:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	making it the same as the こんばんわ entry. that could probably be expressed more succinctly with a [col] tag if it's really needed
	Diff:	@@ -19,1 +19,1 @@ -<s_inf>misspelling of こんにちは. こんにちわ is often used colloquially</s_inf> +<s_inf>misspelling of こんにちは</s_inf>

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