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1. |
[adj-i]
[uk]
▶ stern ▶ grim ▶ rough ▶ rugged ▶ forbidding ▶ overbearing ▶ square (shoulders) |
10. | A 2020-10-16 22:00:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
9. | A* 2020-10-16 15:53:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | daij, prog, wisdom |
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Comments: | 厳い is an unrelated archaic word, read いかい. |
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Diff: | @@ -6,3 +5,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>厳い</keb> @@ -15,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>stern</gloss> @@ -17 +14,0 @@ -<gloss>stern</gloss> @@ -18,0 +16,2 @@ +<gloss>rugged</gloss> +<gloss>forbidding</gloss> |
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8. | A 2019-10-10 10:30:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr: 武張った感じである。柔らかな感じがない。ごつい。 GG5: stern; grim; rough; overbearing. 中辞典: stern 《looks》; square 《shoulders》 ルミナス: (厳しい) stern; (怖い顔の) grim; (角張った) square. |
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Comments: | I think we've covered it. |
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Diff: | @@ -17,0 +18,3 @@ +<gloss>rough</gloss> +<gloss>overbearing</gloss> +<gloss>square (shoulders)</gloss> |
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7. | A* 2019-10-10 10:09:29 | |
Refs: | Daijisen |
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Comments: | I don't think this actually means stern or grim but battered or rough or jagged or rugged maybe? Like Danny Trejo. |
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6. | A 2014-10-29 23:55:28 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
(show/hide 5 older log entries) |
1. |
[adj-f]
▶ self-proclaimed ▶ self-professed ▶ self-styled ▶ would-be |
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2. |
[n,vs]
▶ professing oneself to be ▶ calling oneself ▶ describing oneself as |
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3. |
[n]
{grammar}
▶ first person
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13. | A 2021-12-14 01:51:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Bulk convert ling to gramm -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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Diff: | @@ -30 +30 @@ -<field>&ling;</field> +<field>&gramm;</field> |
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12. | A 2018-05-20 09:19:47 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | It's true we aren't very consistent with these. |
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Diff: | @@ -15 +15 @@ -<pos>&n-pref;</pos> +<pos>&adj-f;</pos> |
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11. | A* 2018-05-19 20:19:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | If it's not [n-pref] then I think it needs to be [adj-f]. I note that we use [n-pref] for a lot words where prefix usage isn't mentioned explicitly in the kokugos. |
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10. | A* 2018-05-19 07:35:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I think it suits some sort of pre-nominal POS pretty well. Maybe adj-f (noun or verb acting prenominally) would be better? |
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9. | A* 2018-05-14 14:49:06 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I don't think there's a strong case for using n-pref for sense 1. I think we usually reserve that for things that are explicitly defined in the kokugo's as "名詞の上について..." etc. |
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(show/hide 8 older log entries) |
1. |
[n]
▶ texture ▶ grain |
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2. |
[n]
▶ one's skin (lacking makeup, etc.) ▶ natural skin ▶ bare skin ▶ scalp |
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3. |
[n]
▶ surface of the earth ▶ bare ground |
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4. |
[n]
▶ surface of a sword blade |
5. | A 2013-12-21 06:36:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, Koj, Gg5, 新和英中辞典, ルミナス |
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Comments: | The JEs above give the scalp as examples of the "one's skin/natural skin" sense, e.g. GG5 has "父の髪が薄くなって地肌が透けて見える. My father's hair has thinned and you can see his scalp (through it)." I can't really see it as a separate sense. |
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Diff: | @@ -21,4 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>the scalp</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -33,0 +29,1 @@ +<gloss>scalp</gloss> |
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4. | A* 2013-12-21 05:07:11 Richard Warmington <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 1) scalp: a) http://www.kao.com/jp/haircare/mechanism_04.html b) Example: 年齢とともに髪の毛に元気がなくなってくるので地肌をまず元気にすることが大切だと思います! c) TREATMENT FOR HAIR AND SCALP Scalp treatment with Japanese deep head massage 地肌トリートメント/ヘッドスパ from £22 Why not try our scalp treatment also known as ‘head spa' in Japan? http://www.ashair.co.uk/pricelist.html d) Google Images and Google Translate . 2) surface of a sword blade 地肌 【ジハダ】: 1 大地の表面。土の面。「―をむき出しにした山」 2 生まれつきの皮膚。化粧などをしていない本来の肌。「―が黒い」「―のきれいな人」 3 刀剣の身の表面。「板目肌の―」 http://kotobank.jp/word/地肌 On this webpage, although the definition doesn't include "scalp", two ads appeared when I viewed the page -- both of them advertising scalp care products (sponsor links): > 地肌や髪のトラブル対処法とは? 頭皮・地肌のトラブル原因・解決法とは? 髪の専門家が、悩み別に正しいケア大公開 > 《話題》新スカルプDシャンプー シャンプーをお探しならアンファーへ! 宮迫愛用スカルプDシャンプー/送料無料 www.scalp-d.com/ |
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Diff: | @@ -21,0 +21,4 @@ +<gloss>the scalp</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -35,0 +39,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>surface of a sword blade</gloss> +</sense> |
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3. | A 2011-08-04 05:56:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
2. | A* 2011-08-04 03:46:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | notes can be expressed more succinctly as glosses |
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Diff: | @@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>地膚</keb> @@ -23,2 +26,3 @@ -<s_inf>Connotations of uncovered skin: without makeup, or scalp skin through hair. Especially used in cosmetics.</s_inf> -<gloss>(bare, uncovered, natural) skin</gloss> +<gloss>one's skin (lacking makeup, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>natural skin</gloss> +<gloss>bare skin</gloss> @@ -28,2 +32,0 @@ -<s_inf>Connotations of uncovered ground, such as spots not covered by snow or leafs</s_inf> -<gloss>(bare) ground</gloss> @@ -31,0 +33,1 @@ +<gloss>bare ground</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2011-08-03 04:52:36 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5, 大辞林、広辞苑 |
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Comments: | Add skin, ground senses, with nuance of “uncovered” – just saw in a cosmetics ad with connotations of “scalp skin” (shampoo/conditioner ad). |
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Diff: | @@ -21,0 +21,11 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>Connotations of uncovered skin: without makeup, or scalp skin through hair. Especially used in cosmetics.</s_inf> +<gloss>(bare, uncovered, natural) skin</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>Connotations of uncovered ground, such as spots not covered by snow or leafs</s_inf> +<gloss>(bare) ground</gloss> +<gloss>surface of the earth</gloss> +</sense> |
1. |
[prt]
▶ too ▶ also ▶ in addition ▶ as well ▶ (not) either (in a negative sentence) |
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2. |
[prt]
《as AもBも》 ▶ both A and B ▶ A as well as B ▶ neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) |
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3. |
[prt]
《used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.》 ▶ even ▶ as much as ▶ as many as ▶ as far as ▶ as long as ▶ no less than ▶ no fewer than |
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4. |
[prt]
《often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.》 ▶ even if ▶ even though ▶ although ▶ in spite of |
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5. |
[adv]
[col]
▶ further ▶ more ▶ again ▶ another ▶ the other
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12. | A 2022-10-30 23:35:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
11. | A* 2022-10-30 22:53:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | daijr: 「もう」のくだけた言い方。 |
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Comments: | I don't think we use abbr for contractions like this. |
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Diff: | @@ -46 +45,0 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc> |
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10. | A 2021-06-02 12:11:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Done. |
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9. | A* 2021-06-02 08:32:48 dine | |
Comments: | the second Tatoeba example sentence should be paired with sense 3 instead of 2 |
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8. | A 2014-01-21 02:46:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
(show/hide 7 older log entries) |
1. |
[adj-f]
Dialect: rkb
▶ beautiful ▶ pretty ▶ lovely |
9. | A 2022-04-04 12:04:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
8. | A* 2022-04-02 23:58:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I can't find a source for ちゅうら. Without an explanation, it isn't clear what relevance 清ら has to the entry. I don't think the x-ref is needed. 美ら and 美しい aren't etymologically related. I don't see a need for the 美しい x-ref. |
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Diff: | @@ -10,3 +9,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>ちゅうら</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -15,2 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1486360">美しい</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2220810">清ら</xref> @@ -18,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>pretty</gloss> |
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7. | A 2014-01-28 10:48:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Interesting. |
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6. | A* 2014-01-28 03:12:28 Hendrik | |
Refs: | Official usage of 美ら: http://oki-churaumi.jp/ Contemporary manifestations of 清ら: http://www.churashima.net/churabito/index.html 美ら島物語|美ら島・清ら人 http://www.okitour.net/Column/sightseeing/kannkousisetu/00213/ http://i-uchina.com/emotional/post881/ |
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Comments: | Added a second xref. Reason: Although 美ら is widely (and, as the first one of the cited websites shows, quite officially) used in Okinawa, i just heard from someone that etymologically the expression ちゅら (ちゅうら) derives from the same root as the old (obsolete?) Japanese 清ら 【きよら; けうら】, so i looked 清ら up on the web, and, yes, it is alive in Okinawa (the last cited reference gives a more detailed explanation) |
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Diff: | @@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2220810">清ら</xref> |
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5. | A 2013-12-21 06:28:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Well, you probably know the old line that a language is a dialect with an army. It's convenient to put 琉球語 and アイヌ語 in that category here. |
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(show/hide 4 older log entries) |
1. |
[n]
▶ chef (Western cuisine) |
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2. |
[n]
[arch]
▶ cook or waiter on a ship |
2. | A 2013-12-21 06:37:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | KOD追加語彙 (sense 1) |
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Diff: | @@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>chef (Western cuisine only)</gloss> +<gloss>chef (Western cuisine)</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2013-12-21 03:46:48 Graham Leonard <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | デジタル大辞泉 http://kotobank.jp/word/司厨 Daijisen only lists the 2nd definition, but the following article gives an overview of the other meaning: http://www7.ocn.ne.jp/~ajca-tym/newpage2.htm |
1. |
[n]
▶ head steward (e.g. on a ship) |
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2. |
[n]
[arch]
▶ palace chef |
2. | A 2013-12-21 06:39:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5, リーダーズ+プラス, Eijiro |
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Diff: | @@ -12,0 +12,4 @@ +<gloss>head steward (e.g. on a ship)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> |
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1. | A* 2013-12-21 03:53:02 Graham Leonard <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | http://www7.ocn.ne.jp/~ajca-tym/newpage2.htm mentions this as a position within the current imperial palace. I also have a 1934 newspaper article which includes the phrase "エチオピア皇室に 司厨長として奉仕している". |
1. |
[n]
▶ head palace chef |
2. | A 2013-12-21 06:41:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2013-12-21 04:00:03 Graham Leonard <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | No dictionary entries that I could find, but lots of google hits, including government documents like this: http://www.jinji.go.jp/kenkyukai/koureikikenkyukai/h19_01/shir you/h19_01_shiryou12.pdf |
1. |
[n,vs,vi]
▶ restoration (of an abdicated ruler) |
3. | A 2021-11-18 01:22:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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Diff: | @@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> |
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2. | A 2013-12-21 22:10:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, Koj, GG5 |
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Comments: | Not of the "monarchy" itself. |
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Diff: | @@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>restoration (monarchy)</gloss> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>restoration (of an abdicated ruler)</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2013-12-21 10:32:43 Graham Leonard <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | http://kotobank.jp/word/復辟 |
1. |
[n]
《e.g. 犬, 草, etc.》 ▶ kanji character with a concrete meaning |
2. | A 2013-12-23 06:50:58 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2013-12-21 22:21:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr, Koj, GG5 |
1. |
[n]
▶ thunderstorm |
2. | R 2013-12-21 22:37:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | More likely read でんきあらし, and it's the expression 電気 + 嵐. Not idiomatic at all, and not very common. I don't think an entry is needed. |
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1. | A* 2013-12-21 22:24:00 Francis | |
Refs: | See below. |
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Comments: | It was in the text which I was reading. Searching Google gives "thunderstorm" as the meaning, but the Google hits are pretty low at some 2k. The prominant entry on the site is "雷雨 【らいう】 (n) thunderstorm; (P)" with Google hits running into some 4 million. The text in the book basically stated "宇宙船は激しい電気嵐と思われる..." Maybe, it is a little obscure. |
1. |
[n]
▶ auxiliary character (in kanbun)
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6. | A 2019-02-13 22:29:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I agree. |
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Diff: | @@ -12,6 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1344640">助辞・じょじ・2</xref> -<field>&ling;</field> -<gloss>auxiliary</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> |
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5. | A* 2019-02-13 21:03:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | But there's no "助辞に同じ" on the 助字 entry. I think we can drop that sense. |
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4. | A 2019-02-12 23:47:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Possibly being mixed up with 助辞. The Daijirin entry for 助辞 has as sense 3: "「助字」に同じ。 ". |
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Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1344640">助辞・じょじ・2</xref> |
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3. | A* 2019-02-12 22:27:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | daij, koj |
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Comments: | The kokugos only have one sense for this. I don't know where GG5 gets sense 1 from. |
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2. | A 2013-12-23 06:45:01 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
(show/hide 1 older log entries) |
1. |
[n]
▶ endorser (esp. someone who endorses a brand)
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2. | A 2013-12-22 01:23:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Daijr |
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Diff: | @@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>エンドーサ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>endorser (as in someone who endorses a brand)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2804860">エンドース</xref> +<gloss>endorser (esp. someone who endorses a brand)</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2013-12-21 22:28:25 Francesca Funk <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | http://kotobank.jp/word/エンドーサー |