JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1015100 Active (id: 2271705)

アコースティック [gai1] ；アコーステック [sk] ；アコースティク [sk] ；アコスティック [sk] ；アクースティック [sk]

[adj-na,n]
▶ acoustic (instrument, music, etc.)

History:

7.	A 2023-06-13 08:34:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2023-06-13 02:30:50 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ア〈コ／ク〉（ー／ウ／ゥ）ステ（ィ）（ッ）ク Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ アコースティック │ 505,991 │ 98.1% │ │ アコーステック　 │ 3,403 │ 0.7% │ - add, sk │ アコースティク　 │ 2,971 │ 0.6% │ - add, sk │ アコスティック　 │ 1,441 │ 0.3% │ - add, sk │ アクースティック │ 1,168 │ 0.2% │ │ アコウスティック │ 275 │ 0.1% │ │ アクステック　　 │ 124 │ 0.0% │ │ アコステック　　 │ 80 │ 0.0% │ │ アクスティック　 │ 79 │ 0.0% │ │ アコウスティク　 │ 57 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,12 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>アコーステック</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>アコースティク</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>アコスティック</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
5.	A 2023-06-12 23:13:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, meikyo
	Comments:	I think we can drop アコウスティック.
	Diff:	@@ -12,4 +11,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>アコウスティック</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> @@ -16,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -18,2 +15 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<gloss>acoustic</gloss> +<gloss>acoustic (instrument, music, etc.)</gloss>
4.	A 2023-06-12 22:55:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	アコースティック 505991 99.7% アクースティック 1168 0.2% アコウスティック 275 0.1%
	Comments:	I think it's obvious.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<re_pri>gai2</re_pri> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -18 +18,0 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="eng">acoustic</lsource>
3.	A* 2023-06-12 16:33:35 Opencooper
	Refs:	kokugos
	Comments:	While 「アクースティック」 is clearly from the English "acoustic", it's not so obvious for 「アコースティック」?
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<lsource xml:lang="eng">acoustic</lsource>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-08-14 09:02:04 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 06:39:10 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs, 8k hits
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>アコウスティック</reb> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1048730 Active (id: 2155975)
日耳曼 [ateji,rK]
【ゲルマン [gai1] 】

[adj-f] [uk] Source lang: ger "Germane"
▶ Germanic (people, language, culture, etc.)

History:

9.	A 2021-11-06 03:35:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	日耳曼 296 ゲルマン 121263
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
8.	A 2017-12-15 08:11:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr (which is what Nils quoted when he added 白耳曼, so I'll just assumed it's a typo): "「日耳曼」とも当てた〕" I do get some Meiji and Taisho era hits on Google Books for the 白 version but I can't see the actual pages, and I know Google's OCR isn't always 100% on the mark when it comes to old Japanese documents.
7.	A* 2017-12-15 07:02:01
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
6.	A* 2017-12-15 02:37:09 Gao Ming
	Refs:	https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/日耳曼
	Comments:	「白耳曼」is a miswriting of 「日耳曼」. The latter is commonly used in China.
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>白耳曼</keb> +<keb>日耳曼</keb>
5.	A 2017-04-20 16:29:43 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	tidying
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>Germanic (e.g. people, language, culture)</gloss> +<gloss>Germanic (people, language, culture, etc.)</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2012-08-14 23:30:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's more adjectival than an affix. I don't think it's a noun at all. "白耳曼が..." gets 6 hits, and most are from one source.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,1 @@ -<pos>&pref;</pos> -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
3.	A* 2012-08-14 17:13:12 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Comments:	* pos [pref] – primarily prefix (“Germanic …” – people, language, tribes) * add kanji, as per daijr
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>白耳曼</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&pref;</pos> @@ -10,0 +14,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A* 2012-08-14 16:44:29 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr koj en:WP http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Germane
	Comments:	fix cap (“Germane” capitalized in German)
	Diff:	@@ -10,1 +10,1 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="ger">germane</lsource> +<lsource xml:lang="ger">Germane</lsource>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 16:42:36 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj
	Comments:	Fix defn: Germanic (of Germany), not germane (relevant) – “germane” is from German for “Germanic”.
	Diff:	@@ -10,2 +10,2 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="ger"/> -<gloss>germane</gloss> +<lsource xml:lang="ger">germane</lsource> +<gloss>Germanic (e.g. people, language, culture)</gloss>

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jmdict 1238780 Active (id: 1972929)
仰ぐ [ichi1,news2,nf30]
【あおぐ [ichi1,news2,nf30] 】

1.	[v5g,vt] ▶ to look up (at)
2.	[v5g,vt] ▶ to look up to ▶ to respect ▶ to revere
3.	[v5g,vt] ▶ to ask for (e.g. guidance) ▶ to seek ▶ to turn to (someone) for
4.	[v5g,vt] ▶ to depend on ▶ to rely on
5.	[v5g,vt] ▶ to gulp down ▶ to quaff ▶ to drink

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2018-02-23 04:17:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-02-22 23:04:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	Tidy-up.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<gloss>to look up (to)</gloss> +<gloss>to look up to</gloss> @@ -31 +31 @@ -<gloss>to ask for</gloss> +<gloss>to ask for (e.g. guidance)</gloss> @@ -32,0 +33 @@ +<gloss>to turn to (someone) for</gloss> @@ -37 +37,0 @@ -<gloss>to turn to someone</gloss> @@ -38,0 +39 @@ +<gloss>to rely on</gloss> @@ -45 +46 @@ -<gloss>to take (e.g. poison)</gloss> +<gloss>to drink</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-14 23:52:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	How can you "drink from above"?
	Diff:	@@ -43,1 +43,0 @@ -<gloss>to drink (from above, in one gulp)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 16:55:43 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj
	Comments:	elab “drink” sense (from above, one gulp, esp. poison)
	Diff:	@@ -43,2 +43,4 @@ -<gloss>to drink</gloss> -<gloss>to take</gloss> +<gloss>to drink (from above, in one gulp)</gloss> +<gloss>to gulp down</gloss> +<gloss>to quaff</gloss> +<gloss>to take (e.g. poison)</gloss>

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jmdict 1295320 Active (id: 1116451)
祭礼 [spec2,news2,nf35] ；祭禮 [oK]
【さいれい [spec2,news2,nf35] 】

[n]
▶ (religious) festival

History:

4.	A 2012-11-01 21:31:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-11-01 19:21:37 Hendrik
	Comments:	removed accidentally doubled kanji
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<keb>祭禮禮</keb> +<keb>祭禮</keb>
2.	A 2012-08-14 23:38:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Zero valid hits.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 15:40:34 Hendrik
	Refs:	Just saw a lantern like this one: http://item.rakuten.co.jp/meicho2/da-118-030012001/
	Comments:	Added alternative (older) kanji
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>祭禮禮</keb>

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jmdict 1354370 Active (id: 2171269)
上方贅六
【かみがたぜいろく；かみがたぜえろく】

[n] [derog,arch]
《used by people in Edo》
▶ people from Kansai

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2095460 贅六 1. person from Kansai
	⇒ see: 2095470 上方才六 1. people from Kansai

History:

6.	A 2021-12-27 09:37:14 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2021-12-27 08:16:11 Opencooper
	Refs:	daijr/koj
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>かみがたぜえろく</reb>
4.	A 2012-08-17 13:08:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll make it a note.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<s_inf>used by people in Edo</s_inf> @@ -17,1 +18,0 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">Edo term used to debase people from Kansai</gloss>
3.	A* 2012-08-14 00:50:25 Scott
	Comments:	I think it's important to explain that it's a term used by people from Edo.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,1 @@ +<gloss g_type="expl">Edo term used to debase people from Kansai</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-13 23:47:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, Koj
	Comments:	Aligning glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>people of the Kansai area</gloss> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>people from Kansai</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-08-13 01:30:22 Scott
	Refs:	daij koj
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>people of the Kyoto area</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2095460">贅六</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2095470">上方才六</xref> +<misc>&derog;</misc> +<gloss>people of the Kansai area</gloss>

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jmdict 1629290 Active (id: 2153273)
１４日 [spec1] ；十四日 [spec1] ；一四日
【じゅうよっか [spec1] 】

1.	[n] ▶ 14th day of the month
2.	[n] ▶ 14 days

History:

6.	A 2021-10-23 03:35:46 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>１４日</keb> +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> +</k_ele> @@ -9,2 +13 @@ -<keb>１４日</keb> -<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> +<keb>一四日</keb> @@ -18 +21 @@ -<gloss>fourteenth day of the month</gloss> +<gloss>14th day of the month</gloss> @@ -22 +25 @@ -<gloss>fourteen days</gloss> +<gloss>14 days</gloss>
5.	A 2020-05-09 20:29:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -11,0 +14 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4.	A 2012-08-29 07:37:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/日#Japanese http://www.denisowski.org/Japanese/MNN_1/Minna_no_nihongo_1.05.txt
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>fourteen days</gloss> +</sense>
3.	A* 2012-08-26 11:19:19 Francis
	Comments:	I have not changed the above, but I think that you will need the addition of "fourteen days" to the above. Or may be a separate entry to show that the reading does not act as a counter; as in the case of other day entries.
2.	A 2012-08-14 11:10:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	No, not policy - more a matter that no-one has entered them. Feel free to do so.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-08-14 10:35:14 Francis
	Comments:	Up to 11th day you include the "１１日" [relevant numbers, of course]. After this the various other dates which I have checked either do not exist, or like the above, do not include the "rest of the world [almost]digits, e.g., also below:- 二十四日【にじゅうよっか】 (n) twenty-fourth day of the month Further, if there is a policy for not including days of the month which do not have odd readings, then how is the 11th included, i.e., 十一日; １１日【じゅういちにち】 (n) (1) eleventh day of the month; (2) eleven days Because the novice user who needs to use your dictionary does not know in advance whether or not a particlar day is an oddity and has to turn elsewhere to discover what are oddities and what are not, then in that case they might just as well turn elsewhere for the total 31 days. May I suggest, that having done at least one third already that the remainder are included. The days of the month are at least limited in mass; unlike say a counter for birds, etc., where one could not possible do more than give a help by a sensible range of typical usage.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>１４日</keb>

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jmdict 1629300 Active (id: 2153362)
２４日 [spec1] ；二十四日 [spec1] ；二四日
【にじゅうよっか [spec1] ；にじゅうよんにち [ik] ；にじゅうよにち [ik] 】

1.	[n] ▶ 24th day of the month
2.	[n] ▶ 24 days

History:

8.	A 2021-10-23 10:54:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2021-10-23 05:30:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	My comments on the ２０日 entry apply here too.
6.	A* 2021-10-23 04:16:51 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jpwiki https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1187012321 正しいですよ。会話の場合、４日は「よっか」、１４日は「じゅうよっか」、２４日は「にじゅうよっか」と読むのが普通です。改まった場では「にじゅうよんにち」と読むこともあります。どちらも間違いではありません。 https://asm.co.jp/2015/06/25/どうでもいいけど、ちょ %E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%B0%97%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8/ にじゅうよんにち”ですか？“にじゅうよっか”ですか？最近、この“にじゅうよっか”にすごく違和感を感じたのです。 “じゅうよっか”もそうですけど。正しい日本語なの？ 5日(いつか)や6日(むいか)もあるけど、“じゅういつか”とは言わないでしょ？というわけで調べてみました。 ... “にじゅうよっか”は正しい日本語だそうです。 4日系だけは特別扱いみたいに感じるなぁ。
	Comments:	might be safest to tag as ik, idk
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,8 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>にじゅうよんにち</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>にじゅうよにち</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
5.	A 2021-10-23 03:23:31 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>２４日</keb> +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> +</k_ele> @@ -9,2 +13 @@ -<keb>２４日</keb> -<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> +<keb>二四日</keb> @@ -18 +21 @@ -<gloss>twenty-fourth day of the month</gloss> +<gloss>24th day of the month</gloss> @@ -22 +25 @@ -<gloss>twenty-four days</gloss> +<gloss>24 days</gloss>
4.	A 2020-05-09 12:04:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -11,0 +14 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2012-08-29 23:03:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>twenty-four days</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A* 2012-08-26 11:22:20 Francis
	Refs:	Again, I have not changed the above, but I think you need the inclusion of "twenty-four days" to complete the picture; either in the above or as a separate entry.
1.	A 2012-08-14 11:13:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>２４日</keb>

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jmdict 1741110 Active (id: 1151970)
在来線
【ざいらいせん】

[n]
▶ conventional train line (esp. non-Shinkansen)

History:

8.	A 2014-02-06 11:08:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, drop the "old". All the JEs say "old" in the gloss, but I think that's code for "conventional".
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>old railway line</gloss>
7.	A* 2014-02-05 02:35:09 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It doesn't really have to do with age either, a new non- Shinkansen line would also count as 在来線.
6.	A* 2014-02-04 03:40:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj ざいらい‐せん【在来線】同一区間の、新しくできた鉄道線に対して、それまであった線。特に、新幹線に対して昔からの線。 shinmeikai 〔新しく開通した新幹線などに対して〕（ほぼ）同一の区間にあるそれまでの鉄道路線の称。 gg5 在来線　the old (railway [railroad]) line. eij conventional （railway ［train］） lines existing railways old line
	Comments:	i think the current entry is mostly fine, though 'slower' should be removed as it has nothing to do with speed (i.e., a maglev track wouldn't be called 在来線).
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>railroad lines for slower trains (esp. non-Shinkansen)</gloss> -<gloss>old railway line (pre-Shinkansen)</gloss> +<gloss>conventional train line (esp. non-Shinkansen)</gloss> +<gloss>old railway line</gloss>
5.	A* 2014-02-04 03:17:43 Marcus Richert
	Comments:	I still think "non-Shinkansen railroad line" is the best and most accurate gloss. All non-Shinkansen JR express trains for example are also fall under "在来線". See http://www.jr-odekake.net/railroad/ticket/guide/03.html "特急料金には、新幹線の特急料金と在来線の特急料金があります。" http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q124 6779007 "Q: R/私鉄で、在来線の区別の仕方を教えて下さい。 ... BA: 新幹線と言われる路線すなわち以下の路線以外は、すべて｢在来線」です。また、JR以外に新幹線は存在しないので、JR以外の鉄道には在来線しかありません。 ..."
4.	A 2014-01-27 02:20:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Moving the qualifications to the end of the text.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>railroad lines for slower (esp. non-Shinkansen) trains</gloss> -<gloss>old (pre-Shinkansen) railway line</gloss> +<gloss>railroad lines for slower trains (esp. non-Shinkansen)</gloss> +<gloss>old railway line (pre-Shinkansen)</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2014-01-27 02:13:02 David Stormer <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The "traditional" in "traditional railroad line (esp. non-Shinkansen)" doesn't sound right. If anything "conventional" would be better, but since zairaisen can still come into being after the advent of the Shinkansen, I propose this edit.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>traditional railroad line (esp. non-Shinkansen)</gloss> -<gloss>old railway line</gloss> +<gloss>railroad lines for slower (esp. non-Shinkansen) trains</gloss> +<gloss>old (pre-Shinkansen) railway line</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-14 11:05:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	I think it's more a case of "esp. non-Shinkansen".
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>non-Shinkansen railroad line</gloss> +<gloss>traditional railroad line (esp. non-Shinkansen)</gloss> +<gloss>old railway line</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 02:29:34 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs, nikk, wiki (daijs says "esp. Shinkansen," wiki says "non-Shinkansen")
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>an older railroad line</gloss> +<gloss>non-Shinkansen railroad line</gloss>

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jmdict 2726350 Active (id: 1112861)
慢慢的；漫々的
【マンマンデ；マンマンデー】

[adj-na] Source lang: chi "màn màn de"
▶ slow
▶ at ease

History:

7.	A 2012-10-02 04:07:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>漫々的</keb>
6.	A 2012-08-20 12:03:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2012-08-19 12:02:50 Marcus
	Refs:	3k hits for "màn man de" 60,500 results for "màn màn de" (and they seem to check out)
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="chi">màn man de</lsource> +<lsource xml:lang="chi">màn màn de</lsource>
4.	A 2012-08-14 11:20:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	大辞林, 大辞泉.
	Comments:	It's Chinese, indeed. But it's used in Japanese. 260k hits on Japanese WWW pages. That's why the 国語辞典 above have it.
3.	D* 2012-08-14 07:41:24 Virginia <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's Japanese. It seems/sounds like Chinese to me. The pronunciation マンマンデ is absolutely Chinese.
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-07-01 11:02:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-06-26 12:13:22 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs, nikk
	Comments:	got "màn man de" from google translate, seems to check out, many hits for "màn man de"+slowly, among them http://quizlet.com/10989793/chinese-2-lesson-19-flash-cards/ (though the last kanji is different)

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jmdict 2735330 Active (id: 1107109)
軽羹；軽羮
【かるかん】

[n]
▶ steamed sweet bun made from grated yam and rice flour

History:

2.	A 2012-08-14 10:21:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 01:39:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, ルミナス, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karukan
	Comments:	Prominent in the new Koreeda film: 奇跡 (I Wish).

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jmdict 2735340 Active (id: 2282145)
各科
【かくか；かっか】

[n]
▶ each (school) subject

History:

4.	A 2023-11-04 20:47:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Leave them as n.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos>
3.	A* 2023-11-04 09:45:02 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Similar terms: https://www.edrdg.org/jmwsgi/srchres.py?svc=jmdict&s1=1&y1=2&t1=各&s2=3&y2=2&t2=かく&s3=1&y3=1&t3=&idtyp=seq&idval=&search=Search&src=1&stat=2&appr=appr&appr=unappr&nfcmp=&nfval=&snote=&snotem=0&smtr=&smtrm=0&ts0=&ts1=&refs=&refsm=0&cmts=&cmtsm=0&mt=0&grp= We don't have this, sankoku does (I still don't think we should add it, though there is at least a case for identifying the reading as かくねん or かくとし, I guess...): 各年 72245
	Comments:	Voted to delete three of these 各 terms(各藩、各団体、各室, probably more should go) already. This is one that I think should stay (for non-obviousness). I'll use this to pitch my idea that these are all [exp], not [n]. sankoku calls 各 itself a 副詞, so this is not a [n]+[n] or [adj-f]+[n]. I'll be upfront that sankoku has a medium collection of 各 terms (including 各年, which we don't have, but not including 各科). Even for the ones glossed それぞれの... they are all just identified by sankoku as 名. (when in doubt, everything in Japanese is 名...) A more interesting term is 各所, which has two definitions: 1. それぞれの箇所 2. あちこち Not sure which of those is more or less [n] or [exp], just one more point to consider. Just a suggestion/thought. For my western brain, 各 is a grammatical operation, and these remain distinct words (hence [exp]). Perhaps this is the wrong analysis.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&exp;</pos>
2.	A 2012-08-14 04:32:23 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<gloss>each subject</gloss> +<gloss>each (school) subject</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 02:35:15 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs, nikk

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jmdict 2735350 Active (id: 1107119)

ヴァンガード；バンガード

[n,vs]
▶ vanguard

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2012-08-14 11:21:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-08-14 10:42:48
	Refs:	oops, missed the reading that daijs actually lsited
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>バンガード</reb>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 10:28:10 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs "ヴァンガードして" 282,000 results

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jmdict 2735360 Active (id: 2060707)
フラ語
【フラご】

[n] [sl]
▶ French language (esp. as a college class)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1111590 フランス語 1. French (language)

History:

5.	A 2020-03-09 00:25:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2020-03-08 22:26:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jitsuyou: "フランス語の略称。大学生などが用いる通称。"
	Comments:	Given that French isn't typically taught at Japanese high schools, maybe this is better.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>French language (esp. as a school subject)</gloss> +<gloss>French language (esp. as a college class)</gloss>
3.	A* 2020-03-08 22:04:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc> @@ -15 +14 @@ -<gloss>French language</gloss> +<gloss>French language (esp. as a school subject)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-14 11:13:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 10:41:22 Marcus
	Refs:	http://www.amazon.co.jp/フラ語入%E 9%96%80%E3%80%81%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8A%E3%82%84%E3%81%99% E3%81%84%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E3%83%9B%E3%83%89%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82 %E3%82%8B-%E6%B8%85%E5%B2%A1- %E6%99%BA%E6%AF%94%E5%8F%A4/dp/4560002835 287,000 results

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jmdict 2735370 Active (id: 1107144)
龗
【おかみ】

[n] [rare]
▶ water god
▶ rain and snow god
▶ dragon god
▶ dragon king

History:

2.	A 2012-08-15 00:47:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Very safe. It's a JIS212 kanji - even UniHan doesn't venture a meaning.
1.	A* 2012-08-14 12:08:39 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr daijs koj ja:WP 淤加美神 http://www.weblio.jp/content/おかみ http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/淤加美神 http://www.weblio.jp/content/龗 http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/龗
	Comments:	I’m pretty sure this can safely be marked [obsc]. Saw on a sign today, referring to 高龗神（たかおかみのかみ） (The kanji is 霝+龍 and it’s 33 strokes: 龍+17)

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jmdict 2735380 Active (id: 1107251)

ぽきり；ぽきん；ぼきり；ぼきん

[adv-to,adv] [on-mim]
▶ snappingly
▶ with a snap

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2055880 ポキッと 1. snappingly; with a snap

History:

3.	A 2012-08-17 01:19:17 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&adv;</pos>
2.	A* 2012-08-15 00:42:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5 (points to ぽきっと)
	Comments:	ぼきりと - 9k hits ぼきんと - 10k hits ぽきりと - 34k hits ぽきんと - 34k hits Merging 2735390 submission.
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,10 @@ -<reb>ぼきり,ぼきん</reb> +<reb>ぽきり</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ぽきん</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ぼきり</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ぼきん</reb> @@ -8,2 +17,6 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>Cracking sound of something hard and heavy that gets broken.</gloss> +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2055880">ポキッと</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2055880">ぽきっと</xref> +<misc>&on-mim;</misc> +<gloss>snappingly</gloss> +<gloss>with a snap</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 14:13:07 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/203319/m0u/ ［副］かたくて太いものが折れる音や、そのさまを表す語。ぼきん。「骨が―と折れる」ー＞骨がぼきり折れる　/骨がぼきんと折れる＝　The bones broke with a crack
	Comments:	I tired to translate how I could best what it said on goo.ne.jp I'm not sure about ぼきん 's meaning.

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jmdict 2735390 Rejected (id: 1107143)

ぽきり,ぽきん

[n]
▶ Cracking sound of something hard and thin that gets broken

History:

2.	R 2012-08-15 00:43:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merging with 2735380.
1.	A* 2012-08-14 14:23:36
	Refs:	http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/203320/m0u/ 堅くて細い物が折れる音や、そのさまを表す語。ぽきん。「枯れ枝を―と折る」枯れ枝をぽきりと折る　＝　I broke the dead branches with a crack
	Comments:	I was reading a chapter of Harry Potter and found this　 sentence: ロンの古い杖がぽきりと折れた。

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jmdict 2735400 Active (id: 1107348)
ゆず茶；柚子茶；柚茶
【ゆずちゃ】

[n]
▶ citron tea

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1605750 柚子 1. yuzu (Citrus ichangensis x C. reticulata)

[n]
▶ jelly-like concentrate of sweetened citron peel used to make citron tea

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1605750 柚子 1. yuzu (Citrus ichangensis x C. reticulata)

History:

2.	A 2012-08-17 09:48:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, ＫＯＤ追加語彙
	Comments:	Ordered on hits.
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>ゆず茶</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,1 +11,1 @@ -<keb>ゆず茶</keb> +<keb>柚茶</keb>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 16:18:49 Stuart McGraw <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/柚子茶 http://www.verygoodtea.com/shop/yuzu1.html

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jmdict 2735410 Active (id: 1157771)
菁莪
【せいが】

[n]
《from the 詩経》
▶ (enjoying) raising prodigies
▶ nurturing talented people

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1816730 詩経 1. The Classic of Poetry; The Book of Songs; The Book of Odes; Shijing; Shih Ching

History:

3.	A 2014-05-18 06:34:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1816730">詩経</xref>
2.	A 2012-08-15 00:53:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr
	Comments:	43k hits, so not that obscure.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>(enjoying) raising progidies</gloss> +<s_inf>from the 詩経</s_inf> +<gloss>(enjoying) raising prodigies</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 16:38:50 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr koj
	Comments:	Saw at museum (in a somewhat old poem, I think).

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jmdict 2735420 Active (id: 1960359)

すぽん；スポン；ずぼん

[adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ snugly (into hole, container, etc.)
▶ tightly (fitting, covering)
▶ firmly

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2653550 すぽっと 1. snugly (into hole, container, etc.); tightly (fitting, covering); firmly

[adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ (with a) pop (i.e. sound of a cork, etc. being pulled out of a hole in one movement)
▶ with a plop
▶ (fall) straight

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2653550 すぽっと 2. (with a) pop (i.e. sound of a cork, etc. being pulled out of a hole in one movement); with a plop; (fall) straight

History:

4.	A 2017-09-18 13:10:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	From 2833198.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ずぼん</reb>
3.	A* 2017-08-15 11:52:06 Scott
	Comments:	Attempting to align.
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +27,2 @@ +<gloss>with a plop</gloss> +<gloss>(fall) straight</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-15 00:55:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典
1.	A* 2012-08-14 22:33:19 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij

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jmdict 2735430 Active (id: 2279227)
年俸制
【ねんぽうせい】

[n]
▶ annual salary system

History:

4.	A 2023-10-03 22:34:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-10-03 17:17:03 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Annual Salary System: 11 Annual Salary Scheme: 0 https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/年俸制 https://www.kaonavi.jp/dictionary/annual-salary-system/ 年俸制とは？年俸制とは、ひとりの労働者に支払う給与金額を1年単位で決める給与形態のこと。英語で、「annual salary system」「annual salary scheme」と表記されるのです。 Every reference (4 or 5) here but us just gives "system": https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/年俸制 eijiro: 年俸制 annual salary system annual wage plan yearly contract system
	Comments:	We have 257 entries where 制 is glossed as "system", and 2 as "scheme". I think this usage is British. eijiro and all the weblio refs just use "system". ("scheme" has been used by Japanese translators in the past, but I still wouldn't recommend it just for that)
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>annual salary scheme</gloss> +<gloss>annual salary system</gloss>
2.	A 2012-08-14 23:40:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	I guess so.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ねんぽうせい</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>???</gloss> +<gloss>annual salary scheme</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 22:42:50
	Comments:	Hi, I'm not sure whether the exact meaning of 年俸制 is completely obvious from its components. Does it merit its own entry?

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jmdict 2735440 Rejected (id: 1107317)

ダメリカ

[n] [derog,sl]
▶ the United States of America

History:

3.	R 2012-08-17 03:41:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This is a fork.
2.	A* 2012-08-17 03:29:16 Marcus
	Refs:	441,000 results mentioned in nikkei: http://business.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/life/20081106/176403/
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +4,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>ダメリカ</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -8,1 +5,1 @@ -<reb>だめりか</reb> +<reb>ダメリカ</reb> @@ -12,1 +9,3 @@ -<gloss>(col) derogatory term used against Americans interested in anime and manga (combining dasai and America)</gloss> +<misc>&derog;</misc> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<gloss>the United States of America</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 22:43:36 Josephine <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/ダメリカ

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jmdict 2735440 Active (id: 1107325)

ダメリカ

[n] [sl,derog]
▶ America

History:

6.	A 2012-08-17 05:57:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fair enough. I wouldn't take that nicovideo one as gospel. I like the other jokey names on that site, e.g. 逝ギリス, 腐ランス. For a gloss, probably just "America".
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,1 @@ -<s_inf>from ださい and アメリカ</s_inf> -<gloss>Americans interested in anime and manga</gloss> +<gloss>America</gloss>
5.	A* 2012-08-17 04:56:06 Marcus
	Refs:	http://business.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/life/20081106/176403/ http://donicchi.jp.msn.com/column/money.aspx?post=fb40c477- 9eef-40ae-9b2d-60d85d69479a
	Comments:	the nikkei article: "たとえば、2ちゃんねる株式板に常駐する人々は、二言目には「ダメリカ」ないしは「ダメ理科」という言葉を使う。意味するところは、モロに「ダメなアメリカ」、さらに踏み込んだ語感としては「酸素と二酸化炭素の区別もつかない、理科音痴のアメリカ人」ぐらい。" going through 2ch posts on logsoku (ダメリカ site:logsoku.com/), all the usage seems to refer to the country, couldn't find a single post that seems to talk about Americans interested in anime/manga
4.	A* 2012-08-17 03:43:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopening.
3.	A 2012-08-17 03:43:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I left this hanging, and 3 days later Marcus did another edit of the original, suggesting "the United States of America" as the gloss. I'll approve this (to prevent further forks), then reopen.
2.	A* 2012-08-14 23:34:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Edits. No hint of ダメ in there too?
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +4,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>ダメリカ</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -8,1 +5,1 @@ -<reb>だめりか</reb> +<reb>ダメリカ</reb> @@ -12,1 +9,4 @@ -<gloss>(col) derogatory term used against Americans interested in anime and manga (combining dasai and America)</gloss> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<misc>&derog;</misc> +<s_inf>from ださい and アメリカ</s_inf> +<gloss>Americans interested in anime and manga</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-08-14 22:43:36 Josephine <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/ダメリカ

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jmdict 2735450 Active (id: 1107139)
常夜鍋
【じょうやなべ；じょうよなべ；とこやなべ】

[n]
▶ shabu-shabu-like hotpot dish with pork, spinach, etc.

History:

2.	A 2012-08-14 23:50:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/常夜鍋
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,6 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>じょうよなべ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>とこやなべ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -12,1 +18,1 @@ -<gloss>shabu-shabu (a hot pot dish)</gloss> +<gloss>shabu-shabu-like hotpot dish with pork, spinach, etc.</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 23:25:53 Rick Papo <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/常夜鍋

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jmdict 2735460 Active (id: 2079228)
豚しゃぶ
【ぶたしゃぶ】

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ pork shabu-shabu

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1005660 しゃぶしゃぶ 1. shabu-shabu; hot pot dish where thinly sliced meat is boiled quickly and then dipped in sauce

History:

5.	A 2020-08-22 20:51:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2020-08-22 07:33:47 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>shabu-shabu made with pork (instead of beef)</gloss> +<gloss>pork shabu-shabu</gloss>
3.	A 2016-10-23 02:07:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<field>&food;</field>
2.	A 2012-08-15 08:40:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-08-14 23:44:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr

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