JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1004130 Active (id: 2212885)

ぐる；グル

1.

[n] [col]
▶ accomplice
▶ conspirator
▶ cohort

History:

4.	A 2022-11-05 05:37:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>conspirator</gloss>
3.	A* 2022-11-05 05:20:53 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	shinmeikai and obunsha have 俗 tags
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc>
2.	A 2012-07-03 02:27:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-02 14:46:37 Marcus
	Refs:	http://gogen-allguide.com/ku/guru.html usage example: http://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/32878
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>グル</reb>

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jmdict 1154610 Active (id: 1104251)
暗証番号 [news2,nf29] ；暗唱番号 [iK]
【あんしょうばんごう [news2,nf29] 】

1.

[n]
▶ personal identification number
▶ PIN
▶ password number

History:

2.	A 2012-07-05 18:42:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 02:49:46 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	65k hits (versus 5.7M for "暗証番号") E.g.: "堅牢性の高い暗唱番号を考える" "キャッシュカード暗唱番号" "暗唱番号でロック" "暗唱番号やパスワード"
	Comments:	Not in any of my usual sources.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>暗唱番号</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1222700 Active (id: 1975426)
汽車 [ichi1,news1,nf19]
【きしゃ [ichi1,news1,nf19] 】

1.	[n] ▶ train (esp. long distance train)
2.	[n] 《orig. meaning》 ▶ steam train

History:

5.	A 2018-03-28 10:38:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2018-03-28 07:55:22 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18,6 @@ -<gloss>train (sometimes specifically a steam train)</gloss> +<gloss>train (esp. long distance train)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf> +<gloss>steam train</gloss>
3.	A 2012-07-17 03:45:19 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I could go either way, but this seems fine.
2.	A* 2012-07-03 02:06:36 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, meikyo
	Comments:	i hesitate to say "esp. a steam train". perhaps it should be two senses (with 'steam train' as sense 2 tagged with "orig. meaning")
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,1 @@ -<gloss>train (steam)</gloss> +<gloss>train (sometimes specifically a steam train)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-07-02 22:56:07
	Comments:	Hi, I understand from a native speaker that 汽車 can mean any kind of train (e.g. electric), not just steam train. I'm not sure this is terribly clear from this entry.

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jmdict 1244810 Active (id: 1105006)
駆け登る；駆け上る；駆けのぼる
【かけのぼる】

1.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to run (up hill, stairs, etc.)

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2012-07-20 23:44:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-07-03 02:26:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk
	Comments:	-駆登る looks to get fewer than 10 or so non-edict hits, not enough to be worth recording, IMO. (other forms get 10s of thousands) -potential merge with かけあがる. 駆け上る gets more hits than 駆け登る, but many are very likely for かけあがる, therefore putting 駆け登る first for this entry
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +4,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>駆け上る</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -11,1 +8,1 @@ -<keb>駆登る</keb> +<keb>駆け上る</keb> @@ -21,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
1.	A* 2012-07-02 13:13:57 Francis
	Comments:	Just to add the headword which appeared in the text which I was reading. Because of the matching kanji, maybe there could be a cross-reference with the following entry:- 駆け上る; 駆け上がる; 駆上る【かけあがる】 (v5r,vi) to run up As for meaning, I would prefer to see "to gallop up," but "to run up" also fits context of the text which I was reading.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>駆けのぼる</keb> +</k_ele>

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jmdict 1322990 Active (id: 1104158)
者 [ichi1]
【もの [ichi1] ；もん】

1.

[n]
《rarely used without a qualifier》
▶ person

History:

1.	A 2012-07-03 02:14:51 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	->note
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>person (rarely used w.o. a qualifier)</gloss> +<s_inf>rarely used without a qualifier</s_inf> +<gloss>person</gloss>

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jmdict 1415960 Active (id: 2197427)
濁る [ichi1,news2,nf28]
【にごる [ichi1,news2,nf28] 】

1.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to become muddy ▶ to become cloudy ▶ to become turbid ▶ to become impure (of a liquid or gas)
2.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to become dull (of a sound, color, etc.) ▶ to become indistinct ▶ to become fuzzy ▶ to become hoarse
3.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to become impure (of one's heart, a society, etc.) ▶ to be corrupted ▶ to be polluted
4.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to become voiced (of a consonant) ▶ to be pronounced as a voiced sound

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2022-07-20 04:26:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2022-07-19 23:36:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	I don't think sense 4 should be tagged as ling. It's not a technical term.
	Diff:	@@ -21 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>to get impure (of a liquid, gas, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to become turbid</gloss> +<gloss>to become impure (of a liquid or gas)</gloss> @@ -26,0 +28,2 @@ +<gloss>to become indistinct</gloss> +<gloss>to become fuzzy</gloss> @@ -32 +35 @@ -<gloss>to become impure (of a heart, society, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to become impure (of one's heart, a society, etc.)</gloss> @@ -39,4 +42,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1415940">濁り・にごり・3</xref> -<field>&ling;</field> -<gloss>to become voiced</gloss> -<gloss>to add voiced consonant marks</gloss> +<gloss>to become voiced (of a consonant)</gloss> +<gloss>to be pronounced as a voiced sound</gloss>
4.	A 2020-03-10 22:31:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2020-03-10 13:52:06 dine <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -39,0 +40 @@ +<field>&ling;</field>
2.	A 2012-07-22 05:19:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-07-03 20:39:02 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, prog, 新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,22 @@ -<gloss>to get impure</gloss> +<gloss>to become cloudy</gloss> +<gloss>to get impure (of a liquid, gas, etc.)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to become dull (of a sound, color, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to become hoarse</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to become impure (of a heart, society, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to be corrupted</gloss> +<gloss>to be polluted</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1415940">濁り・にごり・3</xref> +<gloss>to become voiced</gloss> +<gloss>to add voiced consonant marks</gloss>

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jmdict 1424690 Active (id: 2151261)
中世 [ichi1,news1,nf10]
【ちゅうせい [ichi1,news1,nf10] 】

1.

[n] [hist]
▶ Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods)
▶ medieval times
▶ mediaeval times

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2836767 近代語【きんだいご】 1. modern Japanese (as spoken since the Middle Ages)
	⇐ see: 1265780 古代語【こだいご】 1. ancient Japanese (as spoken in Japan until the Middle Ages)

History:

9.	A 2021-10-13 00:13:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes.
8.	A* 2021-10-11 05:36:24 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	prob better just as n?
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> +<misc>&hist;</misc>
7.	A 2021-03-31 04:42:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update n-adv to n,adv -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,2 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos>
6.	A 2021-03-10 00:34:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update: Removal of n-t POS -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&n-t;</pos>
5.	A 2019-03-25 10:41:17 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods )</gloss> +<gloss>Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods)</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2013-03-11 10:15:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	See how this looks.
	Diff:	@@ -19,1 +19,1 @@ -<gloss>Middle Ages</gloss> +<gloss>Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods )</gloss>
3.	A* 2013-03-11 05:32:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	both daijr and daijs says it's spec. used to refer to the Kamakura and Muromachi periods when referring to Japanese history. Might be worth pointing out? Separate meaning? Note?
2.	A 2012-07-03 01:56:40 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	no, it was spelled 'mediaeval', which is perfectly correct
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +21,1 @@ +<gloss>mediaeval times</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 01:37:16
	Comments:	medieval was spelled "mediavel"
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,1 @@ -<gloss>mediaeval times</gloss> +<gloss>medieval times</gloss>

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jmdict 1425590 Active (id: 2163232)
中略 [news1,nf23]
【ちゅうりゃく [news1,nf23] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ omission (of middle part of a text)
▶ ellipsis

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-18 01:13:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
2.	A 2012-07-05 18:38:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 15:46:06 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj
	Comments:	clarify a bit – omission of middle of text
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,1 @@ -<gloss>omission</gloss> +<gloss>omission (of middle part of a text)</gloss>

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jmdict 1502390 Active (id: 2182489)
物 [ichi1]
【もの [ichi1] ；もん；モノ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n]
▶ thing
▶ object
▶ article
▶ stuff
▶ substance

2.

[n]
《as 〜のもの, 〜のもん》
▶ one's things
▶ possessions
▶ property
▶ belongings

3.

[n]
▶ things
▶ something
▶ anything
▶ everything
▶ nothing

4.

[n]
▶ quality

5.

[n]
▶ reason
▶ the way of things

6.

[n] [uk]
《formal noun often used as 〜ものだ》
▶ used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.
▶ used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense)
▶ used to indicate a general tendency
▶ used to indicate something that should happen

7.

[n-suf] [uk]
▶ item classified as ...
▶ item related to ...
▶ work in the genre of ...

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2850284 恋愛もの【れんあいもの】 1. love story; romance

8.

[n-suf]
▶ cause of ...
▶ cause for ...

9.

(もの only) [pref]
▶ somehow
▶ somewhat
▶ for some reason

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1664310 物寂しい【ものさびしい】 1. lonely

10.

(もの only) [pref]
▶ really
▶ truly

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1502700 物珍しい【ものめずらしい】 1. curious; strange; unusual

History:

19.	A 2022-03-31 06:18:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<re_nokanji/>
18.	A* 2022-03-31 04:23:31
	Comments:	It's often used in katakana like other words traditionally in hiragana
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>モノ</reb>
17.	A 2019-07-09 21:32:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
16.	A* 2019-07-09 20:34:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	感動もの 160564 感動物 29746
	Diff:	@@ -58,0 +59 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -61 +62 @@ -<gloss>work of ...</gloss> +<gloss>work in the genre of ...</gloss>
15.	A 2019-03-28 02:44:47 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Give up for now.
(show/hide 14 older log entries)
14.	A* 2019-03-10 05:56:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Note to self to try and do something about sense 6 later (please leave open)
13.	A 2015-08-25 10:20:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12.	A* 2015-08-18 08:08:20 luce
	Refs:	n-grams 物 2378873 もの 14313354 もん 1170323
	Comments:	more senses than just this one (6) are [uk] but I can't quite tell which ones.
	Diff:	@@ -49,0 +50 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
11.	A 2013-03-31 00:41:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think the work that led to the "news" tags didn't cope too well with single kanji.
10.	A* 2013-03-30 23:38:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, prog
	Comments:	sense 6 becomes something of a poop heap for the formal noun uses, but i think it's still tidier than creating separate senses for each
	Diff:	@@ -33,4 +33,0 @@ -<gloss>quality</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -42,0 +38,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>quality</gloss> @@ -52,0 +52,3 @@ +<gloss>used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense)</gloss> +<gloss>used to indicate a general tendency</gloss> +<gloss>used to indicate something that should happen</gloss>
9.	A* 2013-03-30 23:21:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	also, out of curiosity, how on earth did this entry end up without news tags?
8.	A* 2013-03-30 22:51:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -55,2 +55,2 @@ -<gloss>item classified as …</gloss> -<gloss>item related to …</gloss> +<gloss>item classified as ...</gloss> +<gloss>item related to ...</gloss> @@ -61,1 +61,1 @@ -<gloss>cause of …</gloss> +<gloss>cause of ...</gloss>
7.	A* 2013-03-30 22:50:12 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mostly gg5, prog, nc, but all sources consulted
	Comments:	particle sense does not belong here. adding a new entry for もの as kana
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,0 @@ -<s_inf>usually not もん</s_inf> @@ -20,0 +19,3 @@ +<gloss>article</gloss> +<gloss>stuff</gloss> +<gloss>substance</gloss> @@ -23,3 +25,5 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<gloss>natural thing</gloss> -<gloss>frequently done thing</gloss> +<s_inf>as 〜のもの, 〜のもん</s_inf> +<gloss>one's things</gloss> +<gloss>possessions</gloss> +<gloss>property</gloss> +<gloss>belongings</gloss> @@ -29,3 +33,1 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<s_inf>often in the form …ものだ</s_inf> -<gloss>used to express emotional involvement</gloss> +<gloss>quality</gloss> @@ -35,2 +37,5 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<gloss>used in giving a reason</gloss> +<gloss>things</gloss> +<gloss>something</gloss> +<gloss>anything</gloss> +<gloss>everything</gloss> +<gloss>nothing</gloss> @@ -39,0 +44,22 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>reason</gloss> +<gloss>the way of things</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>formal noun often used as 〜ものだ</s_inf> +<gloss>used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<gloss>item classified as …</gloss> +<gloss>item related to …</gloss> +<gloss>work of ...</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<gloss>cause of …</gloss> +<gloss>cause for ...</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<stagr>もの</stagr> @@ -41,1 +68,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1615950">物静か・ものしずか</xref> @@ -47,0 +73,1 @@ +<stagr>もの</stagr>
6.	A* 2013-03-29 13:54:37 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_particles#mono.2Fmon　　 http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/genericnouns
	Comments:	One sense I don't see here is the use of もの/もん as a mostly feminine sentence-ending particle, adding some element of emphasis. I've included a couple reference links where it's mentioned. Perhaps it is an extension of sense 3.
5.	A 2012-07-20 23:36:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -24,2 +24,2 @@ -<gloss>the natural thing</gloss> -<gloss>a frequently done thing</gloss> +<gloss>natural thing</gloss> +<gloss>frequently done thing</gloss>
4.	A* 2012-07-03 21:39:36 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	Adding use as a prefix. I believe the emphasizing sense you're looking for is sense 3. Examples from daijr/s include 「二人とも大きくなったものだ」「あの難関をよくくぐり抜けたものだ」. I'm tempted to add "or admiration" or "or emphasis" to the end of sense 3, but I'll see what the other editors think.
	Diff:	@@ -30,0 +30,1 @@ +<s_inf>often in the form …ものだ</s_inf> @@ -37,0 +38,14 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&pref;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1664310">物寂しい・ものさびしい</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1615950">物静か・ものしずか</xref> +<gloss>somehow</gloss> +<gloss>somewhat</gloss> +<gloss>for some reason</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&pref;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1502700">物珍しい・ものめずらしい</xref> +<gloss>really</gloss> +<gloss>truly</gloss> +</sense>
3.	A* 2012-07-02 12:46:25 Francis
	Comments:	I have not amended the above, but following on from previous comments, I am thinking that this entry should include a note about its use as a prefix and a sentence ending. The site includes many examples of where "もの"　is used as a prefix, e.g., "somewhat" this or that [物哀れ【ものあわれ】 (adj-na) (See 哀れ・2) somewhat pitiful ], but if the main entry above had the intented meaning it would make clearer its use as a prefix. [As a matter of incidental interest, on the topic of prefixes, suffixes and words sandwiched between the main word and a suffix, e.g., "だれよりも" and　"何本か" I am pleased to see so many examples of expressions prefixed by "もの" because it is very helpful. I would be very disappointed to see them deleted on the basis that the meaning was obvious; in much the same tone as I would be happy to see the inclusion of as many as possible of those like "だれよりも" and　"何本か".] As for "もの" as a sentence ending, my understand is that it is simply an emphasizer. Should that be its main purpose, then that inclusion in the main headword above would again be helpful.
2.	A 2012-06-23 07:22:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it is just sense 1 with various other words in front of it being used prenominally. Many of them are just cases of a missing の, which often happens. There are good lists of single-kanji suffixes, e.g. Timothy Vance's book, and 物 is not on them. "レイプ物" - 279k "レイプの物" - 485k
	Diff:	@@ -37,6 +37,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<misc>&sl;</misc> -<gloss>thing</gloss> -</sense>
1.	A* 2012-06-22 13:57:53 Marcus
	Refs:	"ファン感涙もの!" http://alfalfalfa.com/archives/5615346.html "感動もの" 1,990,000 results "僕を感動させてください。※ 感動ものを集めたサイトの紹介だけはＮＧです。" http://q.hatena.ne.jp/1180687765 ”レイプもの"　262,000 results "レイプ物のＡＶは犯罪ではないのですか？" http://okwave.jp/qa/q4106639.html
	Comments:	maybe I should have just added "n-suf" to sense 1 instead?
	Diff:	@@ -37,0 +37,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<gloss>thing</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1523350 Active (id: 1104584)
翻る [spec2,news2,nf39] ；飜る
【ひるがえる [spec2,news2,nf39] 】

1.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to flutter (in the wind) ▶ to wave ▶ to flap ▶ to fly
2.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to turn over ▶ to flip over
3.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to suddenly change (attitude, opinion, etc.) ▶ to suddenly switch ▶ to alter ▶ to flip

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2012-07-10 04:52:15 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -22,1 +22,1 @@ -<gloss>to flutter (in the wind, e.g. leaves, flag)</gloss> +<gloss>to flutter (in the wind)</gloss> @@ -25,0 +25,1 @@ +<gloss>to fly</gloss> @@ -35,2 +36,3 @@ -<gloss>to suddenly switch (e.g. allegiance)</gloss> -<gloss>to suddenly change</gloss> +<gloss>to suddenly change (attitude, opinion, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to suddenly switch</gloss> +<gloss>to alter</gloss>
3.	A* 2012-07-03 15:10:24 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj
	Comments:	Split into separate senses & elaborate (in a class reading) (koj gives some more senses, which seem archaic)
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,7 @@ +<gloss>to flutter (in the wind, e.g. leaves, flag)</gloss> +<gloss>to wave</gloss> +<gloss>to flap</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -23,2 +30,8 @@ -<gloss>to wave</gloss> -<gloss>to flutter</gloss> +<gloss>to flip over</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to suddenly switch (e.g. allegiance)</gloss> +<gloss>to suddenly change</gloss> +<gloss>to flip</gloss>
2.	A 2010-07-21 19:40:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	itaiji
1.	A* 2010-07-21 15:08:51 Scott
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>飜る</keb>

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jmdict 1566590 Active (id: 2196012)
幇助；ほう助
【ほうじょ】

1.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ assistance ▶ backing ▶ support
2.	[n,vs,vt] {law} ▶ aiding and abetting (a crime) ▶ abetment

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2022-07-15 06:38:30 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk (single sense)
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -22,0 +24 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
5.	A 2017-09-08 10:50:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	prog, ウィズダム和英辞典
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>support</gloss>
4.	A 2012-07-05 18:39:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-07-03 09:14:37 Marcus
	Refs:	hits http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20120703-OYT1T00859.htm "ホテルを予約した母親に対しては、ほう助罪で懲役４年（求刑・懲役７年）を言い渡した。"
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ほう助</keb>
2.	A 2012-04-30 00:42:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	sense 2 should perhaps come first
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-04-28 07:39:24 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 Genius daijr koj
	Comments:	Add legal sense – read in this context (aiding and abetting suicide/murder).
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<field>&law;</field> +<gloss>aiding and abetting (a crime)</gloss> +<gloss>abetment</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1578630 Active (id: 2208717)
公
【こう】

1.

[n]
▶ public affair
▶ government matter
▶ the state
▶ the government
▶ the public

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2728300 私 1. private affairs; personal matter

2.

[n,n-suf]
▶ duke
▶ prince

3.

[suf]
《after the name of a high-ranking person》
▶ Sir
▶ Lord

4.

[suf]
《after a person, animal, etc.》
▶ familiar or derogatory suffix

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2623400 ズベ公【ズベこう】 1. female delinquent
	⇐ see: 2647640 猿公【えてこう】 1. monkey; ape

History:

4.	A 2022-09-16 09:53:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-09-16 09:40:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5
	Comments:	Tidying.
	Diff:	@@ -12,10 +12,6 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2728300">私・し</xref> -<gloss>public matter</gloss> -<gloss>governmental matter</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&suf;</pos> -<gloss>prince</gloss> -<gloss>duke</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2728300">私</xref> +<gloss>public affair</gloss> +<gloss>government matter</gloss> +<gloss>the state</gloss> +<gloss>the government</gloss> +<gloss>the public</gloss> @@ -26,2 +22,2 @@ -<gloss>lord</gloss> -<gloss>sir</gloss> +<gloss>duke</gloss> +<gloss>prince</gloss> @@ -30,2 +26,8 @@ -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> -<s_inf>after a name, etc.</s_inf> +<pos>&suf;</pos> +<s_inf>after the name of a high-ranking person</s_inf> +<gloss>Sir</gloss> +<gloss>Lord</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&suf;</pos> +<s_inf>after a person, animal, etc.</s_inf>
2.	A 2014-11-18 19:54:00 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -31 +31,2 @@ -<gloss>familiar or derogatory suffix (after a name, etc.)</gloss> +<s_inf>after a name, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>familiar or derogatory suffix</gloss>
1.	A 2012-07-03 02:08:37 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2728300">私・し</xref>

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jmdict 1580300 Active (id: 2158380)
手のひら [news1,nf16] ；掌 [ichi1] ；手の平
【てのひら [ichi1,news1,nf16] ；たなごころ (掌)；しょう (掌) 】

1.

[n]
▶ palm (of the hand)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2829660 パーム 1. palm (of the hand)
	⇐ see: 2728260 手の腹【てのはら】 1. palm (of the hand)

History:

5.	A 2021-11-13 20:20:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -32 +32 @@ -<gloss>palm (of one's hand)</gloss> +<gloss>palm (of the hand)</gloss>
4.	A 2020-02-04 11:23:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merging rejected 2843114.
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>しょう</reb> +<re_restr>掌</re_restr> +</r_ele>
3.	A 2017-12-20 09:08:19 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 手のひら 1472622 掌 594695 手の平 282518 てのひら 158658 たなごころ 8489
	Comments:	reordering
	Diff:	@@ -4,4 +3,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>掌</keb> -<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri> -</k_ele> @@ -11,0 +8,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>掌</keb> +<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
2.	A 2012-07-03 01:52:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-02 06:39:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -28,1 +28,1 @@ -<gloss>the palm (of one's hand)</gloss> +<gloss>palm (of one's hand)</gloss>

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jmdict 1678970 Active (id: 2156896)
後ろ髪 [news2,nf45] ；後髪 [io]
【うしろがみ [news2,nf45] 】

1.

[n]
▶ hair on the back of one's head

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2102250 後ろ髪を引かれる 1. to do something with painful reluctance; to have one's hair pulled from behind

History:

3.	A 2021-11-07 06:53:08 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	後ろ髪 205616 後髪 9324 https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/aa8270ae6137b16c89b80b9d495a3900a5f608aa 「女子の髪型に関する校則改定」を前提とした試行期間中だ。女子は後髪が肩に届いたら結ぶ」
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>後髪</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-07-05 19:00:38 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2102250">後ろ髪を引かれる</xref>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 23:26:22 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, prog
	Comments:	Clarifying
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@ -<gloss>hair in back</gloss> +<gloss>hair on the back of one's head</gloss>

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jmdict 1768460 Active (id: 1104255)
細腕 [news2,nf46]
【ほそうで [news2,nf46] 】

1.	[n] ▶ thin arm ▶ slender arm
2.	[n] ▶ slender means ▶ meager ability to earn a living

History:

2.	A 2012-07-05 18:52:40 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 19:14:59 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, 新和英中辞典, prog
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,4 @@ +<gloss>slender arm</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -18,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>meager ability to earn a living</gloss>

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jmdict 1771380 Active (id: 2282128)
皮算用 [news2,nf26]
【かわざんよう [news2,nf26] 】

1.

[n] [abbr]
▶ over-optimistic calculation
▶ counting one's chickens before they're hatched

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1514120 取らぬ狸の皮算用 1. counting one's chickens before they're hatched; counting raccoon dog skins before they have been caught

History:

4.	A 2023-11-04 20:17:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-11-04 06:48:31 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijirin, meikyo, iwakoku, etc. call this a 略
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<misc>&abbr;</misc>
2.	A 2012-07-05 18:54:09 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	gg5 has 'unreliable account'. i don't know that i care for it though
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 23:32:49 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, 新和英中辞典
	Comments:	I'm guessing "unreliable account" came from JST's "unreliable count".
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,1 @@ -<gloss>unreliable account</gloss> +<gloss>counting one's chickens before they're hatched</gloss>

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jmdict 1866140 Active (id: 1104150)
悲しげ [news2,nf40] ；哀しげ；悲し気；哀し気
【かなしげ [news2,nf40] 】

1.

[adj-na,n]
▶ seeming sad

History:

5.	A 2012-07-03 01:52:02 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2012-07-02 04:01:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I see we have about 15 XXしげ entries. Two (苛立たし気, 涼し気) include the XXし気 form but the rest don't. They all seem to get some hits, so it probably won't hurt to fill them in. I may be off the track, but it seems quite valid.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>哀し気</keb> +</k_ele>
3.	A* 2012-06-28 11:15:55 Francis
	Comments:	The addition to the above is less usual than the main entry, but it still picks up quite a few Google hits. My main reason for suggesting this addition is this: it helps the searcher understand the use of "げ" as used in this position. You do have a separate entry for "げ[気]" showing its use as a qualifier to create "seeming" and that is helpful, providing one knows what to search for. However, because you already have the above entry, it would not be a detriment to show that "げ" equals "気", moreover, it does exist as a used form. Sometimes, in other dictionaries it is the added on bit which causes the trouble for the novice because the dictionary composers seem to assume that the user knows either the reading of the added on kanji or the kanji when only a reading is given. Unlike many other dictionaries, your dictionary is very helpful in this respect. Your dictionary goes the little extra step to help the novice make sense of something which the expert takes for granted [no doubt forgetting where they themselves started from in the process of learning].
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>悲し気</keb>
2.	A 2011-09-20 05:29:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-09-20 04:57:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk, prog
	Comments:	->base form
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@ -<keb>悲しげに</keb> +<keb>悲しげ</keb> @@ -10,1 +10,1 @@ -<keb>哀しげに</keb> +<keb>哀しげ</keb> @@ -13,1 +13,1 @@ -<reb>かなしげに</reb> +<reb>かなしげ</reb> @@ -18,3 +18,3 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> -<gloss>with a sad look</gloss> -<gloss>sadly</gloss> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>seeming sad</gloss>

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jmdict 2059980 Active (id: 2192065)
稼ぎ時
【かせぎどき】

1.

[n]
▶ good time to make a profit
▶ most profitable season
▶ peak time

History:

7.	A 2022-06-21 11:39:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2022-06-21 05:38:56 Opencooper
	Refs:	* gg5: 今がわが社の稼ぎ時だ.　Now is a good time [The time is ripe] for us to make a 「profit [killing]. ｜ We are on a winning streak. * prog: 稼ぎ時｜the time [season] when a shop [business] makes the most money * https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210131-1657678/: 「稼ぎ時(かせぎどき)」は、大きな収益があるとき、またはその時期という意味の言葉です。書き入れ時同様、商売が繁盛している様子を伝えるときに用いられる表現でしょう。 * https://bzlog.net/meaning/a6716/#index_id4: こちらも「書き入れ時」と同じように、利益が最も期待できるときを指す言葉です。
	Comments:	gg5 has "winning streak", but not a good gloss out of its specific context.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<gloss>winning streak</gloss> @@ -13,0 +13,2 @@ +<gloss>most profitable season</gloss> +<gloss>peak time</gloss>
5.	A 2012-07-04 04:31:26 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikkoku
	Diff:	@@ -8,1 +8,1 @@ -<reb>かせぎとき</reb> +<reb>かせぎどき</reb>
4.	A* 2012-07-03 10:36:32
	Comments:	reading should be kasegidoki, see j2j dictionaries
3.	A 2011-08-02 18:03:18 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2011-08-02 02:17:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hoho.
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>winning steak</gloss> +<gloss>winning streak</gloss>
1.	A 2005-08-10 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2070770 Active (id: 2218941)
せり上がる；迫り上がる；迫り上る [sK] ；せり上る [sK] ；迫上がる [sK]
【せりあがる】

1.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to rise gradually ▶ to rise slowly
2.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to come up from below the stage (by being lifted up on the stage elevator)

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2023-01-13 21:28:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks.
6.	A* 2023-01-13 12:45:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, luminous, daij
	Comments:	It's a separate entry in sankoku. I'll draft one.
	Diff:	@@ -12,4 +12 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>競り上がる</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -25,4 +21,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>迫上る</keb> -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> @@ -35 +28,7 @@ -<gloss>to gradually rise</gloss> +<gloss>to rise gradually</gloss> +<gloss>to rise slowly</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to come up from below the stage (by being lifted up on the stage elevator)</gloss>
5.	A* 2023-01-11 20:53:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think 競り上がる should be in its own entry. It could be here as sK.
4.	A* 2023-01-11 05:20:54 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	According to shinmeikai 7e, 競り上がる is used with prices rising at an auction as a result of competitive bidding. Could be worth mentioning. 競争の結果、値段がつり上がる。「競売は百万リラで始まったが、八百万リラ、一千万リラとせりあがった」 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ せり上がる │ 7,051 │ 66.3% │ │ 競り上がる │ 827 │ 7.8% │ - adding as [iK] (only shinmeikai) │ 迫り上がる │ 413 │ 3.9% │ │ せり上る　 │ 41 │ 0.4% │ - sK │ 迫り上る　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ - (in daijr/s) │ 迫上がる　 │ 27 │ 0.3% │ - [io] to [sK] │ 迫上る　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ - [io] to [sK] │ 競り上る　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ 競上がる　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ 競上る　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ せりあがる │ 2,283 │ 21.5% │ ├─ーーーーー─┼────────┼───────┤ │ せり上がっ │ 18,185 │ 63.7% │ │ 競り上がっ │ 2,093 │ 7.3% │ │ 迫り上がっ │ 712 │ 2.5% │ │ せり上っ　 │ 177 │ 0.6% │ │ 迫り上っ　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ 迫上がっ　 │ 49 │ 0.2% │ │ 迫上っ　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ 競り上っ　 │ 22 │ 0.1% │ │ 競上がっ　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ 競上っ　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ せりあがっ │ 7,296 │ 25.6% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,3 +10,0 @@ -<keb>せり上る</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> @@ -16,0 +14,8 @@ +<keb>競り上がる</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>せり上る</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -18 +23 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -22 +27 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2012-07-05 18:37:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<keb>迫上がる</keb> +<keb>せり上る</keb> @@ -17,0 +17,4 @@ +<keb>迫上がる</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -18,0 +22,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> @@ -24,0 +29,1 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2012-07-03 15:00:24 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 shinkaisan
	Comments:	* More spelling variants * More common as せり上がる than as せりあがる (kana) (see GG5 example sentences), so put that first and remove [uk]
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>せり上がる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -6,0 +9,9 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>迫上がる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>迫り上る</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>迫上る</keb> @@ -12,1 +24,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
1.	A 2005-12-22 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2102250 Active (id: 2237120)
後ろ髪を引かれる；後ろ髪をひかれる [sK]
【うしろがみをひかれる】

1.

[exp,v1] [id]
▶ to do something with painful reluctance
▶ [lit] to have one's hair pulled from behind

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1678970 後ろ髪【うしろがみ】 1. hair on the back of one's head

Conjugations

History:

9.	A 2023-05-11 00:20:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2023-05-10 23:09:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 後ろ髪を引かれ　　 │ 30,330 │ 78.1% │ │ 後ろ髪をひかれ　　 │ 8,181 │ 21.1% │ - add, sK │ うしろ髪を引かれ　 │ 160 │ 0.4% │ │ うしろ髪をひかれ　 │ 154 │ 0.4% │ │ うしろがみをひかれ │ 24 │ 0.1% │ ╰─ーーーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>後ろ髪をひかれる</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
7.	A 2012-07-05 18:40:29 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2012-07-03 23:28:12 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, prog
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<gloss g_type="lit">to pull the hairs on one's back</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">to have one's hair pulled from behind</gloss>
5.	A 2010-08-04 07:02:32 Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just adding [id]
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2010-08-04 01:34:09 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2010-08-03 20:33:17 Jean-Luc Léger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&v1;</pos>
2.	A 2010-07-12 05:49:22 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos> @@ -13,1 +14,1 @@ -<gloss>(lit: to pull the hairs on one's back)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">to pull the hairs on one's back</gloss>
1.	A 2006-10-03 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2684910 Active (id: 2185528)
和了
【ホーラ】

1.

[n,vs] {mahjong} Source lang: chi "húle"
▶ winning (of a hand)
▶ declaring a win
▶ going mahjong
▶ going out

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1352190 上がり 5. finishing (in a board or card game, etc.)
	⇐ see: 2750010 和がる【あがる】 1. to win a hand
	⇐ see: 2750660 自摸和【ツモホー】 1. winning off a self-drawn tile
	⇐ see: 2854436 和了り【あがり】 1. winning (a hand)

Conjugations

History:

20.	A 2022-05-04 04:04:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I usually hear "going mahjong" (Aus. English).
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>going mahjong</gloss> @@ -19 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>going mahjong</gloss>
19.	A* 2022-05-03 13:25:30 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	"going out" is a rummy term that, due to the similarity of the games, I've often heard in the context of mahjong. For example, Daina Chiba uses the phrase often in his book. https://dainachiba.github.io/RiichiBooks/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rummy#Going_out "going mahjong" is attested by the wikipedia article. I think this phrase is more popular among "American Mah-Jongg" players. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong#Rules
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,4 @@ -<gloss>winning</gloss> +<gloss>winning (of a hand)</gloss> +<gloss>declaring a win</gloss> +<gloss>going out</gloss> +<gloss>going mahjong</gloss>
18.	A 2022-05-03 00:38:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, best split out. I'll do that.
	Diff:	@@ -7,6 +6,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>和了り</keb> -</k_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>あがり</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -15 +8,0 @@ -<re_restr>和了</re_restr>
17.	A* 2022-05-01 18:24:28 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	I just noticed (oops) that there is a long discussion concerning あがり in the edit history below, so I thought I'd add a few more references. * https://kinmaweb.jp/mahjong-yougo/haneman 「跳満とは和了(アガリ)の際に獲得できる点数のこと。」 * https://majandofu.com/mahjong-glossary-agaritop 【和了トップ（アガリトップ）】 * https://mahjong-joutatsu.com/archives/1616 『和了』は、『あがり』もしくは『ホーラ』と読む * https://www.jannyumon.jp/howto/completion/ 「和了（アガリ）とは（ロン・ツモ）」 * http://www.麻雀入門.jp/mahjong/agari.html 「和了（あがり）の形も14牌で作られます。」 Kindai Mahjong also frequently uses アガリ. * https://kinmaweb.jp/mahjong-yougo/kazoeyakuman 「和了の翻数が１３翻以上で役満と同等の点数のアガリ」 (in the image) As Jim mentioned below, あがり seems to be gikun. Perhaps it may be cleaner to split 和了(あがり・アガリ)+和了り into a separate entry.
	Comments:	I think I actually have heard ホーラ now that I think about it, but I always thought they were saying 「ほら！」😅
16.	A* 2022-05-01 17:33:12 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	The Wikipedia article says 和了 can be either あがり or ホーラ, but clearly 和了り is restricted to あがり Google N-gram Corpus Counts 44,923 79.3% 和了 8,336 14.7% 和了り 3,394 6.0% ホーラ (あがり 2,214,539)
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>和了り</keb> @@ -11,0 +15 @@ +<re_restr>和了</re_restr>
(show/hide 15 older log entries)
15.	A* 2022-05-01 17:24:02 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Personally, I've never seen this read as ホーラ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/和了『和了（ホーラ、あがり）とは…』あがり is used 10 times in this article, ホーラ is used once It is あがり as in 和了牌 (あがりはい) * jitsuyou's entry * https://majandofu.com/mahjong-glossary-agarihai-2 * https://www.weblio.jp/content/和了牌 as in 和了トップ (あがりトップ) * https://www.weblio.jp/content/和了りトップ as in 和了る (あがる -- we have an entry for this in JMdict) * https://majandofu.com/mahjong-glossary-agaru-2
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>あがり</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -15 +17,0 @@ -<s_inf>sometimes read あがり</s_inf>
14.	A 2020-10-23 20:00:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
13.	A* 2020-10-23 02:45:36 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1352190">上がり・5</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1352190">上がり・5</xref>
12.	A 2014-12-21 04:37:46 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<field>&mahj;</field> @@ -15 +16 @@ -<gloss>winning (in mahjong)</gloss> +<gloss>winning</gloss>
11.	A 2012-07-09 16:25:03 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110512050023AAETYUQ
10.	A* 2012-07-03 09:50:13 Marcus
	Refs:	http://bkrs.info/slovo.php?ch=和 run through google translate: "4) hú fit, fit (on the bone, for example. When playing matszyan) 和了húle fit!, The game is over!" I'm assuming "matszyan" is mahjong. http://www.reddit.com/r/Chinese/comments/vr5zf/和�% BA%86_h%C3%A9le_or_huol%C3%A9_mahjong_term/
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="chi"/> +<lsource xml:lang="chi">húle</lsource>
9.	A 2012-02-23 00:44:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. Note that not a lot can be drawn from the co-occurrence of words in WWW pages.
8.	A* 2012-02-22 10:10:19 Marcus
	Comments:	adding vs on basis of 114,000 google results for "和了する"
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos>
7.	A* 2012-02-22 03:48:24 Marcus
	Comments:	OK, you might be right, but I just want to add that "和了" & "ホーラ" on google only gets 5990 results, while "和了" & "アガリ" actually gets 70,100.
6.	A 2012-02-22 03:10:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, Daij, GG5, Kodansha GJD, etc.
	Comments:	There's a lot of sloppy writing out there, and some people will put explanations against words as though they were readings. I note that of my refs only GG5 mentions あがり and that's as an explanation; not a reading. Others say things like "上がること". あがり may possibly be on its way to becoming a 義訓/熟字訓 for 和了, but I don't think it is there yet. I don't really want to sanction it as a reading here, but we can always put a note about it.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<s_inf>sometimes read あがり</s_inf>
5.	A* 2012-02-22 02:49:57 Marcus
	Refs:	From the wiki: "和了（ホーラ）とは、麻雀において、手牌を一定の形に揃えて公開すること。他のゲームにおける「あがり」に相当する。このため、一般的にはあがりと呼ばれ、これを動詞化して「和了る」「和がる」「和る」のように表記されることもある。" if adding る to the reading makes it read あがる, then it seems reasonable that 和了 by itself can be read as あがり. this appears on the wiki also: "自摸和 (ツモあがり)" "栄和 (ロンあがり)" http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/聴牌聴牌（テンパイ）は、麻雀において、和了（アガリ）に必要な牌が残り1枚となった状態のこと。 http://www.jannyumon.jp/howto/completion/ "和了（アガリ）ちは（ロン・ツモ）" http://dora12.net/modules/kindergarten/hora/agarikei.html "アガるためには和了形(アガリケイ)を作る必要があると説明しました" http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q101 4735840 (1st answer says that the meaning, but not reading, is あがり, but 2 answers further down say "和了と書いて「アガリ」と読みます。" and "「あがり」と読みます") This 麻雀用語集 lists 和了り as アガリ but 和了 as ホーら http://www.sarujan.com/system/yogo.html
	Comments:	I think あがり as a reading should be there, based on the references I've cited. There's loads of additional hits for 和了 and アガリ. The fact that アガリ is written in katakana rather than kanji or hiragana is additional proof that it's supplied as the reading of a Chinese kanji, I think. Maybe 「和了り」 should be listed as a separate kanji as well?
4.	A 2012-02-21 21:33:38 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	-It is certainly Japanese. That's why it's in their dictionaries. Its Chinese origin has already been correctly indicated. I'm removing the reading as I am extremely unsure of it. -AFAICT, あがり is not being indicated as a reading in the Wiki article. It's just being given as a synonym.
	Diff:	@@ -10,3 +10,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>あがり</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -15,2 +12,2 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="chi">héle</lsource> -<gloss>to win (a hand) in mahjong</gloss> +<lsource xml:lang="chi"/> +<gloss>winning (in mahjong)</gloss>
3.	A* 2012-02-21 14:15:33 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/和了
	Comments:	Added あがり reading (based on wiki entry). Huixin, this word is definitely used in Japanese, just google it. Some usage examples from a quick google: "ミスター麻雀！小島武夫が役満『九連宝燈』を和了！！" "度肝を抜かれた麻雀漫画の和了り方 - ツンダオワタ情報。" (used as a verb (mentioned in the wiki article)) "アガリ（和了）なのにあがれない！？麻雀ルール入門" "赤入り麻雀戦術研究～最速の和了を目指して～/ウェブリブログ"
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>あがり</reb> +</r_ele>
2.	A* 2012-02-21 12:54:01 huixing
	Comments:	this is not a Japanese.
1.	A* 2012-02-21 10:24:04 Marcus
	Refs:	http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/203135/m0u/
	Comments:	héle is the reading google translate gave me.

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jmdict 2726240 Active (id: 1104625)
買弁；買辦
【ばいべん；まいべん】

1.	[n] ▶ comprador ▶ compradore
2.	[n] ▶ person working for a foreign company to the detriment of their own country

History:

6.	A 2012-07-11 13:56:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks.
5.	A* 2012-07-09 17:58:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	reopen
4.	A 2012-07-09 17:57:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	approve for now
3.	A* 2012-07-03 01:55:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	koj has it as hiragana まいべん. that seems more palatable to me. nikk adds マイパン, strictly from chinese
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<reb>マイべん</reb> +<reb>まいべん</reb>
2.	A* 2012-07-01 23:05:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Flagging for Rene's opinion. The マイべん seems odd, but then we've been letting through a heap of 中国音 because they've been in the kokugos.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-06-26 11:44:09 Marcus
	Refs:	eij, wiki, daijs, daijr, nikk, 斎藤和英大辞典, jst http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/買弁 2nd sense is in daijs, my gloss is maybe a little wonky daijr: マイべん【買弁】〔マイは中国音〕

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jmdict 2728250 Active (id: 1104149)
双曲放物面
【そうきょくほうぶつめん】

1.

[n]
▶ hyperbolic paraboloid

History:

2.	A 2012-07-03 01:51:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-01 23:51:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, Eijiro, Kagaku

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jmdict 2728300 Active (id: 2208645)
私
【し】

1.

[n]
▶ private affairs
▶ personal matter

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1578630 公 1. public affair; government matter; the state; the government; the public

History:

3.	A 2022-09-15 22:58:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1578630">公・こう・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1578630">公・1</xref>
2.	A 2012-07-03 02:07:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-02 10:57:15 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij

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jmdict 2728370 Active (id: 1104157)
談
【だん】

1.

[n,n-suf]
▶ talk
▶ story
▶ conversation

History:

2.	A 2012-07-03 02:09:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 00:46:15 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, 新和英中辞典, prog, Luminous

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jmdict 2728380 Active (id: 1104521)
路線価
【ろせんか】

1.

[n]
▶ roadside land prices
▶ [expl] price of land adjoining a major road, used to calculate inheritance and gift taxes

History:

2.	A 2012-07-09 22:34:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 01:46:10 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj
	Comments:	Read in this article: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nb20120703a1.html

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jmdict 2728390 Rejected (id: 1104187)
雑がみ
【ざつがみ】

1.

[n]
▶ See definition of 雑紙

History:

2.	R 2012-07-04 04:35:14 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Since this matches on 2 out of 3 (kanji, reading, meaning), it just goes in as an alternate kanji for the 雑紙 entry.
1.	A* 2012-07-03 04:00:45 Jeff Korpa <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.city.sapporo.jp/seiso/gomi/zatsugami.html
	Comments:	Variant of 雑紙

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jmdict 2728400 Active (id: 1104278)
御血
【おんち】

1.

[n] [hon]
▶ blood of Christ (Eucharist)

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2728410 御体 1. body of Christ (Eucharist)

History:

3.	A 2012-07-06 03:05:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2728410">御体</xref>
2.	A 2012-07-06 03:03:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/聖餐
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>the revered blood (of Christ in the sacrament of Communion/the Eucharist)</gloss> +<misc>&hon;</misc> +<gloss>blood of Christ (Eucharist)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 04:57:15 Sean Fogarty <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Various churches, http://www.google.co.jp/webhp? sourceid=chrome-instant&ie=UTF-8#hl=ja&safe=off&sclient=psy- ab&q=%22%E5%BE%A1%E4%BD%93%22%E3%80%80%22%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%80% 22&oq=%22%E5%BE%A1%E4%BD%93%22%E3%80%80%22%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%80 %22&gs_l=hp.3...65622.400867.1.401238.8.6.2.0.0.0.190.558.5j 1.6.0...0.0.b89kNLRtRqM&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf .osb&fp=fac0691e35fb3516&biw=1280&bih=895

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jmdict 2728410 Active (id: 1104277)
御体
【おんからだ】

1.

[n] [hon]
▶ body of Christ (Eucharist)

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2728400 御血 1. blood of Christ (Eucharist)

History:

2.	A 2012-07-06 03:05:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/聖餐
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>the revered body (of Christ in the sacrament of Communion/the Eucharist)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2728400">御血</xref> +<misc>&hon;</misc> +<gloss>body of Christ (Eucharist)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 04:57:48 Sean Fogarty <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Various churches, http://www.google.co.jp/webhp? sourceid=chrome-instant&ie=UTF-8#hl=ja&safe=off&sclient=psy- ab&q=%22%E5%BE%A1%E4%BD%93%22%E3%80%80%22%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%80% 22&oq=%22%E5%BE%A1%E4%BD%93%22%E3%80%80%22%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%80 %22&gs_l=hp.3...65622.400867.1.401238.8.6.2.0.0.0.190.558.5j 1.6.0...0.0.b89kNLRtRqM&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf .osb&fp=fac0691e35fb3516&biw=1280&bih=895

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jmdict 2728420 Rejected (id: 1104736)
迫る
【せる】

1.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to slowly move up or forward ▶ to gradually close a distance
2.	[v5r,vt] ▶ to urge on ▶ to hasten

Conjugations

History:

2.	R 2012-07-14 00:58:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i don't see a difference between this and せまる. merging
1.	A* 2012-07-03 14:54:29 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr koj
	Comments:	Saw in 迫り上がる (sense 1)

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jmdict 2728430 Active (id: 2278966)
お茶汲み；お茶くみ；御茶くみ [sK] ；御茶汲み [sK]
【おちゃくみ】

1.

[n] [pol]
▶ serving tea (esp. at a company)
▶ tea server
▶ tea lady

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2728650 茶汲み 1. serving tea; tea server

History:

5.	A 2023-10-02 08:51:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2023-10-02 00:53:43 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ お茶汲み　 │ 28,467 │ 58.0% │ │ お茶くみ　 │ 20,373 │ 41.5% │ │ 御茶くみ　 │ 31 │ 0.1% │ - sK │ 御茶汲み　 │ 44 │ 0.1% │ │ おちゃくみ │ 192 │ 0.4% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2023-10-01 22:39:06 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-07-06 03:11:34 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	please try to keep glosses brief
	Diff:	@@ -21,5 +21,4 @@ -<gloss>(the job of) serving tea (at an office or company)</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>tea server (either as part of another job, or as one's exclusive job)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2728650">茶汲み</xref> +<misc>&pol;</misc> +<gloss>serving tea (esp. at a company)</gloss> +<gloss>tea server</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 15:14:58 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 shinkaisan
	Comments:	In class

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jmdict 2728440 Active (id: 1105007)
具慈
【ぐじ；グジ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk] Dialect: kyb
▶ tilefish (Branchiostegus spp.)
▶ blanquillo
▶ horse-head fish

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1790160 甘鯛 1. tilefish (Branchiostegus spp.); blanquillo; horse-head fish

History:

3.	A 2012-07-20 23:46:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-07-03 15:42:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk
	Comments:	-don't apply [zool] to animal names, it's for terminology -i see no evidence this is limited to food
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>具慈</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -6,0 +9,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>グジ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> @@ -10,2 +17,1 @@ -<field>&food;</field> -<field>&zool;</field> +<misc>&uk;</misc>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 15:34:27 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr
	Comments:	Seen on menus repeatedly and heard in conversation; seem esp. used for dishes of this fish. (Link to standard form.)

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jmdict 2728450 Rejected (id: 1104262)
認定翻訳者

1.

[n]
▶ certified translator

History:

2.	R 2012-07-05 19:05:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	163 'real' google hits, no dictionary reference.
	Comments:	you can put 認定 in front of just about anything to mean 'certified'. i don't think this should be an entry
1.	A* 2012-07-03 21:00:04

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If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

2.	A 2012-07-05 18:21:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	not a noun
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos>
1.	A* 2012-07-03 19:45:55 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	700k hits (vs 958k for "ぎょっと")
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ギョッと</reb>

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