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jmdict 1011600 Active (id: 1961847)

ほくほく； ホクホク
1. [adv,vs,adj-no] [on-mim]
▶ soft and flaky (pie, potatoes, squash, etc.)
▶ fluffy
▶ crumbly
▶ fresh-baked
▶ fresh from the oven
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2721160 ぽくぽく 3. crumbly
2. [adv,vs] [on-mim]
▶ being pleased with oneself
▶ beaming happily
▶ chuckling to oneself

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2017-10-10 02:20:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2017-09-23 22:40:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daij, gg5
  Comments: 
Not a noun.
Don't think we need "not soggy".
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ホクホク</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
@@ -10,2 +13,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
@@ -13 +15,3 @@
-<gloss>soft and flaky (e.g. pie, potatoes, squash)</gloss>
+<gloss>soft and flaky (pie, potatoes, squash, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>fluffy</gloss>
+<gloss>crumbly</gloss>
@@ -16 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>not soggy</gloss>
@@ -20 +22,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -22 +24,3 @@
-<gloss>pleased with oneself</gloss>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>being pleased with oneself</gloss>
+<gloss>beaming happily</gloss>
2. A 2012-06-14 23:04:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 15:00:05  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5 daijr
  Comments: 
improve “not soggy” (more glosses, adj-no)
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@
+<gloss>soft and flaky (e.g. pie, potatoes, squash)</gloss>
+<gloss>fresh-baked</gloss>
+<gloss>fresh from the oven</gloss>

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jmdict 1039840 Active (id: 1143162)

ガールハント； ガール・ハント
1. [n,vs]
▶ girl hunt
▶ trying to pick up a girl
▶ looking for a girlfriend
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1123270 ボーイハント 1. boy hunt

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2013-07-05 20:51:15  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2013-07-03 04:54:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, 新和英中辞典, Daijr
  Comments: 
Daijr says it's wasei, but I'm sure I've heard it in English.
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+<gloss>trying to pick up a girl</gloss>
+<gloss>looking for a girlfriend</gloss>
2. A 2013-05-11 07:11:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ガール・ハント</reb>
1. A 2012-06-14 00:22:05  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1123270">ボーイハント</xref>

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jmdict 1047130 Active (id: 1960078)

ぐりぐり； グリグリ
1. [n]
▶ hard lump under the skin (e.g. adipous tumor, lymph node tumor, etc.)
2. [adv,adv-to,vs] [on-mim]
▶ grinding against
▶ pressing or rubbing with turning movements (e.g. someone's shoulders with one's elbow)
3. [adv,adv-to,vs]
▶ rolling one's eyes
▶ goggling one's eyes
▶ googly eyes
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2520710 グリグリ目玉【グリグリめだま】 1. big and round eyes; googly eyes
4. [adv,adv-to,vs]
▶ rattling sound

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2017-09-15 07:37:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2017-09-15 05:37:10  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5 koj daijs
  Comments: 
senses 2-4 are not nouns
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
@@ -17 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
@@ -24 +24,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -32 +32 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
2. A 2012-06-15 22:55:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Moving the lump sense to the top. It's the more common one.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +11,4 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>hard lump under the skin (e.g. adipous tumor, lymph node tumor, etc.)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -19,4 +23,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>hard lump under the skin (e.g. an adipous tumor, lymph node tumor, knot in a muscle, lump in fat)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
@@ -27,1 +27,1 @@
-<gloss>goggle one's eyes</gloss>
+<gloss>goggling one's eyes</gloss>
1. A* 2012-06-14 14:41:00  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr koj
  Comments: 
Add hiragana ぐりぐり (saw on TV as such)
Cleanup and elab defns
  Diff: 
@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ぐりぐり</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -8,1 +11,13 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>grinding against</gloss>
+<gloss>pressing or rubbing with turning movements (e.g. someone's shoulders with one's elbow)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>hard lump under the skin (e.g. an adipous tumor, lymph node tumor, knot in a muscle, lump in fat)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
@@ -11,15 +26,2 @@
-<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
-<gloss>grinding against</gloss>
-<gloss>rubbing with turning movements (e.g. shoulders)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
-<gloss>hard lump under the skin (e.g. an adipous tumor or lymph node tumor)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
-<gloss>big and round eyes</gloss>
+<gloss>rolling one's eyes</gloss>
+<gloss>goggle one's eyes</gloss>

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jmdict 1123270 Active (id: 1138371)

ボーイハント； ボーイ・ハント
1. [n]
▶ boy hunt
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1039840 ガールハント 1. girl hunt; trying to pick up a girl; looking for a girlfriend



History:
2. A 2013-05-11 11:03:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ボーイ・ハント</reb>
1. A 2012-06-14 00:21:52  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1039840">ガールハント</xref>

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jmdict 1165790 Active (id: 2282200)
一般 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
【 いっぱん [ichi1,news1,nf01] 】
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ general
▶ universal
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1165800 一般に【いっぱんに】 1. generally; in general; widely; commonly; universally
2. [adj-no,n]
▶ ordinary
▶ average
▶ common
▶ non-celebrity
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1454970 特殊 1. special; particular; peculiar; unique
3. [adj-no,n] [arch]
▶ the same
▶ no different
▶ (just) as if



History:
12. A 2023-11-05 10:57:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I'd drop the "n" too but the kokugos have "名・形動".
11. A* 2023-11-05 05:50:20  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
一般の	3960528	99.8%
一般な	7258	0.2%
一般など	4888	  <-- false positive  
一般なら	1711	  <-- false positive
一般なの	1344	  <-- false positive
一般なんて 704 <-- false positive

一般の人	594781	98.4%
一般的な人	8716	
一般な人	651	0.1%  
一般的の人	121	0.0%
  Comments: 
I'd be tempted to strip [n] off as well.
  Diff: 
@@ -18 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -25 +23,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -34 +32 @@
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
10. A 2019-06-26 21:20:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Works OK.
  Diff: 
@@ -30,0 +31 @@
+<gloss>non-celebrity</gloss>
9. A* 2019-06-26 13:08:09  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Could we reconsider adding in "non-celebrity" in sense 2? I saw it in a TV show, a headline in a weekly about a celebrity dating 
an "一般OL"
The intended meaning here is not "an ordinary office lady" but specifically somebody who is not famous
8. A 2017-10-31 11:21:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 1191160 Active (id: 2069821)
可変 [news2,nf32]
【 かへん [news2,nf32] 】
1. [adj-na,adj-no,n]
▶ variable
▶ changeable
▶ convertible
▶ controllable
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1494840 不変 1. eternal; everlasting; unchangeable; immutable; immovable; constant; permanent; indestructible



History:
2. A 2020-05-23 06:05:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Bulk update: Adjusting POS details
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -17 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1. A 2012-06-14 22:52:13  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1494840">不変</xref>

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jmdict 1291740 Active (id: 2188640)
鎖国 [ichi1,news1,nf20]
【 さこく [ichi1,news1,nf20] 】
1. [n,vs]
▶ national isolation
▶ closing the country (to foreigners)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1613930 開国 2. opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
2. [n] [hist]
▶ sakoku
▶ [expl] policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2022-06-02 03:44:21  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
sense 1 is also largely hist
  Diff: 
@@ -24,0 +25 @@
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
4. A 2017-03-23 05:28:59  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -25 +25,2 @@
-<gloss>sakoku (policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate)</gloss>
+<gloss>sakoku</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate</gloss>
3. A* 2017-03-11 22:36:21  Robin Scott
  Refs: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakoku
  Comments: 
Far more often than not, 鎖国 refers to the Japanese period of isolation.
  Diff: 
@@ -21 +21,5 @@
-<gloss>exclusion of foreigners</gloss>
+<gloss>closing the country (to foreigners)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>sakoku (policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate)</gloss>
2. A 2012-06-14 22:23:15  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -19,2 +19,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1613930">開国・1</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1613930">開国・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1613930">開国・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1613930">開国・2</xref>
1. A 2012-06-14 22:21:50  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1613930">開国</xref>

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jmdict 1393510 Active (id: 2288956)
前線 [news1,nf08]
【 ぜんせん [news1,nf08] 】
1. [n] {meteorology}
▶ (weather) front
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1740250 不連続線【ふれんぞくせん】 1. line of discontinuity; (weather) front
2. [n] {military}
▶ front line
▶ the front
▶ battlefront
▶ forward area



History:
5. A 2024-01-17 04:25:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2024-01-17 00:17:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, wisdom
  Comments: 
Can't find much support for "action zone".
  Diff: 
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<field>&met;</field>
@@ -20 +20,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -22,0 +23,2 @@
+<gloss>the front</gloss>
+<gloss>battlefront</gloss>
@@ -24 +25,0 @@
-<gloss>action zone</gloss>
3. A 2014-12-21 00:16:17  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -21 +21,2 @@
-<gloss>(military) front line</gloss>
+<field>&mil;</field>
+<gloss>front line</gloss>
2. A 2012-06-15 02:03:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -22,0 +22,2 @@
+<gloss>forward area</gloss>
+<gloss>action zone</gloss>
1. A* 2012-06-14 15:03:32  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5 daijr koj
  Comments: 
* Split off weather and military
* Put weather first – ubiquitous on news
  Diff: 
@@ -16,1 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>front line</gloss>
@@ -19,0 +18,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>(military) front line</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1419210 Active (id: 2298344)
どんぐりの背比べ； ドングリの背比べ； 団栗の背比べ； どんぐりの背くらべ [sK]
【 どんぐりのせいくらべ 】
1. [exp,n] [id]
▶ having very little difference between one another
▶ being much of a muchness
▶ being more or less the same
▶ [lit] height comparison among acorns
2. [exp,n] [id]
▶ pointless competition (between two equally unimpressive parties)
▶ pissing contest



History:
18. A 2024-04-17 18:21:07  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
M-W: "compare apples and/to/with oranges; idiom: to compare things that are very different"
  Diff: 
@@ -24 +23,0 @@
-<gloss>comparing apples to oranges</gloss>
17. A* 2024-04-17 07:37:11  Hicham T <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/compare apples and/to/with oranges#:~:text=: to compare things that are,to compare apples with oranges.
  Comments: 
comparing apples to oranges would be a perfect translation. Thanks.
  Diff: 
@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<gloss>comparing apples to oranges</gloss>
16. A 2023-01-22 01:41:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
15. A* 2023-01-22 00:33:43  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ どんぐりの背比べ　　 │ 21,011 │ 64.5% │
│ ドングリの背比べ　　 │  7,131 │ 21.9% │
│ どんぐりの背くらべ　 │  1,834 │  5.6% │ - sK
│ 団栗の背比べ　　　　 │  1,312 │  4.0% │ - (daijr/s, meikyo)
│ どんぐりのせいくらべ │  1,171 │  3.6% │
│ ドングリのせいくらべ │     94 │  0.3% │ - dropping restrictions
╰─ーーーーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<keb>どんぐりの背くらべ</keb>
+<keb>団栗の背比べ</keb>
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<keb>団栗の背比べ</keb>
+<keb>どんぐりの背くらべ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18,6 +18,0 @@
-<re_restr>どんぐりの背比べ</re_restr>
-<re_restr>団栗の背比べ</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ドングリのせいくらべ</reb>
-<re_restr>ドングリの背比べ</re_restr>
14. A 2020-12-02 14:07:36  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 13 older log entries)

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jmdict 1454970 Active (id: 2069946)
特殊 [ichi1,news1,nf04]
【 とくしゅ [ichi1,news1,nf04] 】
1. [adj-na,adj-no,n]
▶ special
▶ particular
▶ peculiar
▶ unique
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1165790 一般 2. ordinary; average; common; non-celebrity
  ⇔ ant: 1602820 普遍 1. universal; general; ubiquitous; omnipresent



History:
3. A 2020-05-23 06:10:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Bulk update: Adjusting POS details
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -19 +19,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2. A 2012-06-14 23:05:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 22:46:59  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, nc
  Diff: 
@@ -20,0 +20,3 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1165790">一般・2</xref>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1165790">一般・2</xref>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1602820">普遍</xref>
@@ -21,0 +24,2 @@
+<gloss>particular</gloss>
+<gloss>peculiar</gloss>

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jmdict 1455810 Active (id: 1943789)
独自 [ichi1,news1,nf02]
【 どくじ [ichi1,news1,nf02] 】
1. [adj-no,adj-na,n]
▶ original
▶ unique
▶ distinctive
▶ characteristic
▶ peculiar
2. [adj-no,adj-na,n]
▶ independent
▶ one's own
▶ personal



History:
6. A 2017-01-28 00:05:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5 (splits senses)
5. A* 2017-01-27 14:04:40  Robin Scott
  Refs: 
daijr, daijs
KM n-grams:
独自な	3181
独自の	220056
  Comments: 
I think it helps to separate out the senses.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -18 +18,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +21,3 @@
+<gloss>unique</gloss>
+<gloss>distinctive</gloss>
+<gloss>characteristic</gloss>
@@ -22,4 +25,5 @@
-<gloss>unique</gloss>
-<gloss>characteristic</gloss>
-<gloss>proprietary</gloss>
-<gloss>individual</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -27,0 +32 @@
+<gloss>personal</gloss>
4. A 2013-08-05 10:00:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2013-08-05 02:24:53  Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
I think "on one's own" and "by oneself" are adverbial, and could match 独自に, but not 独自.
.
None of the current glosses matches the usage here:
どの民族も独自の神話を持っている。	
Every nation has its own myths.
独自の書体を作り出す
develop one's own kind of writing
.
independent:
独自の地方税
independent local taxes
独自の再検討のきっかけとなる
trigger an independent review
独自の未来を切り開く
stake out an independent future
独自の核戦力開発
development of an independent nuclear capability
独自の核攻撃機
an independent nuclear strike force（ある国の）
独自の検証
independent validation
  Comments: 
Kojien, for example, separates the two senses:
#1 original; peculiar; unique etc
#2 independent; one's own
.
Same with this def:
１ 他とは関係なく自分ひとりであること。また、そのさま。「―に開発した技術」
２ 他と違って、そのものだけにあること。また、そのさま。独特。特有。「―な（の）文体」
http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/157978/m1u/独自/
  Diff: 
@@ -22,0 +22,1 @@
+<gloss>unique</gloss>
@@ -25,2 +26,2 @@
-<gloss>on one's own</gloss>
-<gloss>by oneself</gloss>
+<gloss>independent</gloss>
+<gloss>one's own</gloss>
2. A 2012-06-15 09:04:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
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jmdict 1457710 Active (id: 2150693)
奈良時代； 平城時代； 寧楽時代
【 ならじだい 】
1. [n] [hist]
▶ Nara period (710-794 CE)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2828206 奈良朝【ならちょう】 1. Nara period (710-794)
  ⇐ see: 2837415 奈良仏教【ならぶっきょう】 1. Nara Buddhism; Nara-period Buddhism



History:
3. A 2021-10-09 11:59:32  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
2. A 2012-06-14 21:54:12  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
perhaps [oK] for those
1. A* 2012-06-14 08:22:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr (alternative kanji versions)
  Comments: 
About 4k and 1k hits respectively. See rejected 2722740.
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,6 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>平城時代</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>寧楽時代</keb>

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jmdict 1478430 Active (id: 1100955)
伴侶 [spec2,news2,nf47]
【 はんりょ [spec2,news2,nf47] ； ばんりょ 】
1. [n]
▶ companion
▶ partner
▶ spouse
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1553090 侶伴【りょはん】 1. companion



History:
4. A 2012-06-14 07:58:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2012-06-14 00:12:56  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
"〜こともある" does not warrant an 'esp.'
'spouse' is perhaps better treated as a separate sense
  Diff: 
@@ -21,1 +21,0 @@
-<gloss>partner (esp. spouse)</gloss>
@@ -23,0 +22,2 @@
+<gloss>partner</gloss>
+<gloss>spouse</gloss>
2. A* 2012-06-13 06:24:25  Marcus
  Refs: 
nikk ("特に配偶者をさしていうこともある"), wiki (redir to 配偶者)
  Diff: 
@@ -21,1 +21,1 @@
-<gloss>partner</gloss>
+<gloss>partner (esp. spouse)</gloss>
1. A* 2012-06-13 06:16:53  Marcus
  Refs: 
nikk
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +16,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ばんりょ</reb>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1494840 Active (id: 2069975)
不変 [ichi1,news1,nf19]
【 ふへん [ichi1,news1,nf19] 】
1. [adj-na,adj-no,n]
▶ eternal
▶ everlasting
▶ unchangeable
▶ immutable
▶ immovable
▶ constant
▶ permanent
▶ indestructible
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1191160 可変 1. variable; changeable; convertible; controllable
2. [n] {mathematics}
▶ invariant



History:
4. A 2020-05-23 06:11:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Bulk update: Adjusting POS details
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -19 +19,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
3. A 2019-02-27 04:08:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2019-02-26 22:36:05  Nicolas Maia <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/群作用#軌道と等方部分群
  Diff: 
@@ -29,0 +30,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&math;</field>
+<gloss>invariant</gloss>
+</sense>
1. A 2012-06-14 22:51:58  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -20,0 +20,1 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1191160">可変</xref>

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jmdict 1602820 Active (id: 2275683)
普遍 [ichi1,news1,nf14] ； 普偏 [sK] ； 普辺 [sK]
【 ふへん [ichi1,news1,nf14] 】
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ universal
▶ general
▶ ubiquitous
▶ omnipresent
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1454970 特殊 1. special; particular; peculiar; unique



History:
6. A 2023-08-27 21:08:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-08-27 16:49:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
普遍	824,981		
普遍し	476		
普遍する	277
  Comments: 
Not vs in the JEs or smaller kokugos.
  Diff: 
@@ -27 +26,0 @@
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
4. A 2023-03-15 08:20:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-03-15 05:02:31  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 普遍　 │ 824,981 │ 99.3% │
│ 普偏　 │   1,475 │  0.2% │ - sK
│ 普辺　 │      36 │  0.0% │ - sK
│ ふへん │   4,373 │  0.5% │
╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2012-06-14 23:05:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1610030 Active (id: 1100958)
ずる賢い； 狡賢い [ichi2]
【 ずるがしこい [ichi2] 】
1. [adj-i]
▶ devious
▶ cunning
▶ sly
▶ crafty

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2012-06-14 08:35:19  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
prog, 新和英中辞典, Luminous
  Diff: 
@@ -20,0 +20,1 @@
+<gloss>crafty</gloss>
1. A* 2012-06-13 15:21:45  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5
  Comments: 
add more glosses – this is a bit different from 狡い due to the 賢い – “devious, cunning” expresses this.
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +17,2 @@
+<gloss>devious</gloss>
+<gloss>cunning</gloss>

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jmdict 1613930 Active (id: 2167534)
開国 [news1,nf22]
【 かいこく [news1,nf22] 】
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ founding a country
2. [n,vs,vi]
▶ opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world
▶ ending (a policy of) national seclusion
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1291740 鎖国 1. national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners)

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2021-12-03 10:15:05  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
mk
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -21,0 +23 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
5. A 2021-10-10 10:48:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2021-10-10 06:27:27  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK?
  Diff: 
@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<gloss>ending (a policy of) national seclusion</gloss>
3. A 2012-06-14 23:03:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-14 22:23:04  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
reopening
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1658960 Active (id: 1101038)
取り壊し [news1,nf24] ； 取壊し； 取り毀し； 取毀し
【 とりこわし [news1,nf24] 】
1. [n]
▶ demolition
▶ pulling down
▶ destruction
▶ dismantling



History:
2. A 2012-06-15 07:03:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 13:10:58  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr koj
  Comments: 
Alt kanji 毀し (just as in とりこわす)
(admittedly much rarer)
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +11,6 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>取り毀し</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>取毀し</keb>

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jmdict 1823340 Active (id: 1101028)
聞き役 [news2,nf40] ； 聞役
【 ききやく [news2,nf40] 】
1. [n]
▶ listener's role



History:
2. A 2012-06-15 06:15:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 14:48:59  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr shinkaisan
  Comments: 
alt spell w/o okurigana (rather rarer)
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>聞役</keb>

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jmdict 1888990 Active (id: 1100960)
先着順
【 せんちゃくじゅん 】
1. [n]
▶ order of arrival
▶ first-come-first-served basis



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 12:13:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 03:54:26  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Cross, ALC
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<gloss>first-come-first-served basis</gloss>

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jmdict 1964970 Active (id: 1100952)
スクランブル交差点
【 スクランブルこうさてん 】
1. [n]
▶ scramble intersection
▶ pedestrian scramble
▶ X-crossing
▶ diagonal crossing
▶ [expl] intersection allowing pedestrians to cross simultaneously in any direction



History:
5. A 2012-06-14 07:56:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2012-06-14 00:06:07  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
redundant
  Diff: 
@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">intersection allowing pedestrians to cross an intersection simultaneously in any direction</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">intersection allowing pedestrians to cross simultaneously in any direction</gloss>
3. A* 2012-06-14 00:05:31  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian_scramble
gg5, eij
  Comments: 
'scramble intersection' is the better translation of the two
  Diff: 
@@ -12,1 +12,5 @@
-<gloss>multiple intersection</gloss>
+<gloss>scramble intersection</gloss>
+<gloss>pedestrian scramble</gloss>
+<gloss>X-crossing</gloss>
+<gloss>diagonal crossing</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">intersection allowing pedestrians to cross an intersection simultaneously in any direction</gloss>
2. A* 2012-06-13 08:46:28 
  Comments: 
(I meant the lit, not the entry itself)
1. A* 2012-06-13 04:24:21  Marcus
  Comments: 
perhaps not necessary?
  Diff: 
@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@
-<gloss>multiple intersection (lit: scramble instersection)</gloss>
+<gloss>multiple intersection</gloss>

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jmdict 2082460 Active (id: 1100954)
で御座る； でご座る
【 でござる 】
1. [exp,v4r] [uk,pol]
《polite copula》
▶ be
▶ is
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1270350 ご座る 1. to be



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 07:58:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-13 23:45:12  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
matching glosses for copula given in だ.  ござる is given by us as v4r, not v5aru; matching PoS.
  Diff: 
@@ -14,1 +14,2 @@
-<pos>&v5aru;</pos>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&v4r;</pos>
@@ -18,1 +19,3 @@
-<gloss>to be</gloss>
+<s_inf>polite copula</s_inf>
+<gloss>be</gloss>
+<gloss>is</gloss>
1. A 2006-04-28 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2095680 Active (id: 1100961)
トルコ嬢
【 トルコじょう 】
1. [n] [sens]
▶ prostitute working at a soapland
▶ [lit] Turkish girl
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2095690 ソープレディ 1. prostitute working at a soapland
  ⇒ see: 1075350 ソープランド 1. soapland; brothel where one can bathe with prostitutes



History:
5. A 2012-06-14 12:14:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2012-06-14 04:23:30 
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1075350">ソープランド</xref>
3. A 2012-06-14 00:07:31  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-13 04:24:38  Marcus
  Diff: 
@@ -14,1 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>prostitute working at a soapland (lit: Turkish girl)</gloss>
+<gloss>prostitute working at a soapland</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="lit">Turkish girl</gloss>
1. A 2006-08-08 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2139560 Active (id: 1100962)
塵手水
【 ちりちょうず 】
1. [n] {sumo}
▶ ritual gestures (squatting, clapping, etc.) indicating that a fight will be clean
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1369910 塵【ちり】 5. ritual gestures indicating that a fight will be clean



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 12:19:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5
  Comments: 
I don't know about baring empty hands.
  Diff: 
@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>ritual squatting, clapping, and bearing of empty hands performed before each sumo match</gloss>
+<field>&sumo;</field>
+<gloss>ritual gestures (squatting, clapping, etc.) indicating that a fight will be clean</gloss>
2. A* 2012-06-14 02:41:16  Stan <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
"bearing of empty hands" seems that it should be "baring".
1. A 2007-03-28 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2194060 Active (id: 1100986)
ジャガタラ芋； ジャガタラ薯
【 ジャガタラいも； ジャガタライモ (nokanji) 】
1. [n] [uk]
▶ potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1005930 ジャガ芋 1. potato (Solanum tuberosum)
  ⇐ see: 2723070 咬𠺕吧【ジャガタラ】 3. potato (Solanum tuberosum)



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 22:29:08  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
the lit gloss was the point of having ジャガタラいも (in order to explain what the ジャガ in ジャガいも means.)  but i have now added an entry for ジャガタラ that covers this
2. A* 2012-06-13 04:18:59  Marcus
  Comments: 
seems unnecessary?
  Diff: 
@@ -21,1 +21,1 @@
-<gloss>potato (Solanum tuberosum) (lit: Jakarta potato)</gloss>
+<gloss>potato (Solanum tuberosum)</gloss>
1. A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2223430 Active (id: 1156962)
ピンク映画
【 ピンクえいが 】
1. [n]
▶ pink film
▶ [expl] Japanese genre of softcore porn movies
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1107140 ピンク 2. erotic; blue; pornographic



History:
5. A 2014-05-01 07:41:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
"Blue films" was used here in my younger days. I think it was in the UK too. Rather dated now.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1107140">ピンク・2</xref>
4. A* 2014-05-01 07:28:12  Marcus Richert
  Refs: 
wiki "A blue film, blue picture, or bf is a euphemistic term 
used in India, Sri Lanka, Israel and Nepal for an adult film"
daijs
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ピンク�
%A0%E7%94%BB
  Comments: 
"pink film" seems to have gained some traction abroad
  Diff: 
@@ -12,3 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>blue film</gloss>
-<gloss>blue movie</gloss>
-<gloss g_type="lit">pink film</gloss>
+<gloss>pink film</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese genre of softcore porn movies</gloss>
3. A 2012-06-14 22:33:30  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-13 04:23:20  Marcus
  Diff: 
@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@
-<gloss>blue film (lit: pink film)</gloss>
+<gloss>blue film</gloss>
@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@
+<gloss g_type="lit">pink film</gloss>
1. A 2007-10-06 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2253070 Active (id: 1100996)

でごんす
1. [exp] [arch,pol]
《polite copula》
▶ be
▶ is
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2253080 【でございます】 1. be; is



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 23:02:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-13 23:41:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
matching copula style given in revised entry for だ
  Diff: 
@@ -12,1 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>to be (copula)</gloss>
+<s_inf>polite copula</s_inf>
+<gloss>be</gloss>
+<gloss>is</gloss>
1. A 2008-02-05 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2253080 Active (id: 2153051)
で御座います [spec1]
【 でございます [spec1] 】
1. [cop] [uk,pol]
▶ be
▶ is
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1008340 である 1. be; is
  ⇐ see: 2722880 でげす 1. be; is
  ⇐ see: 2253070 でごんす 1. be; is
  ⇐ see: 2253090 で御座ります【でござります】 1. be; is
  ⇐ see: 2847917 でござんす 1. be; is

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2021-10-21 19:46:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2021-10-20 13:31:21  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
@@ -8,0 +10 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
@@ -11 +13 @@
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&cop;</pos>
@@ -15 +16,0 @@
-<s_inf>polite copula</s_inf>
3. A 2012-06-14 07:57:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-13 23:46:20  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
matching style for copula given in だ
  Diff: 
@@ -15,1 +15,3 @@
-<gloss>to be (copula)</gloss>
+<s_inf>polite copula</s_inf>
+<gloss>be</gloss>
+<gloss>is</gloss>
1. A 2008-02-05 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2253090 Active (id: 1100951)
で御座ります
【 でござります 】
1. [exp] [arch,pol]
《polite copula》
▶ be
▶ is
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2253080 で御座います 1. be; is



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 07:55:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-13 23:45:49  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
matching style for copula given in だ
  Diff: 
@@ -15,1 +15,3 @@
-<gloss>to be (copula)</gloss>
+<s_inf>polite copula</s_inf>
+<gloss>be</gloss>
+<gloss>is</gloss>
1. A 2008-02-05 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2412910 Active (id: 1101658)
無かる
【 なかる 】
1. [aux-v] [arch]
《from classical 無かり》
▶ to not be
▶ to be absent
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1529520 無い 1. nonexistent; not being (there)
  ⇐ see: 2724540 では無かろうか【ではなかろうか】 1. is it not so?



History:
4. A 2012-06-21 10:32:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I think I'll let it stay and add "ではなかろう".
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@
+<s_inf>from classical 無かり</s_inf>
3. A* 2012-06-14 23:36:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/dicsubs/PreviousYears/2008-10/subs2008-10-01.html   (2nd from top)
  Comments: 
Possibly useful to keep. I'm wondering about the "ではなかろう" mentioned in the above quote. GG5 has:
それについて一言述べておくのも無駄ではなかろう． A few words may not be amiss in this connection.
いまどき私心のない政治家なんて, 鉦や太鼓で探しても見つからないのではなかろうか． Nowadays I don't think you could find a selfless politician however 「hard you looked ［desperately you hunted for one］.
We probably should have an entry for "ではなかろう", at least in the glossing kana dictionary.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@
-<pos>&v5aru;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い</xref>
+<pos>&aux-v;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1529520">無い・1</xref>
2. D* 2012-06-13 23:52:25  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
AFAIK, this is standard かり活用, no dic has an entry for it.  かりかつよう does not correspond to what we're calling v5aru in any case (e.g. does not use い as an imperative form as in くださるー＞ください or なさるー＞なさい)
1. A 2008-11-21 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2510260 Active (id: 1100925)
ホコ天
【 ホコてん 】
1. [n] [abbr]
《from 歩行天》
▶ pedestrian mall
▶ car-free pedestrian mall
▶ [lit] pedestrian paradise
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1611540 歩行者天国 1. pedestrian mall; car-free mall; pedestrian paradise



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 00:08:55  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
i see no reason to remove the note
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@
+<s_inf>from 歩行天</s_inf>
2. A* 2012-06-13 04:23:05  Marcus
  Diff: 
@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@
-<s_inf>from 歩行天</s_inf>
-<gloss>pedestrian mall (lit: pedestrian paradise)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1611540">歩行者天国</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>pedestrian mall</gloss>
@@ -15,0 +16,1 @@
+<gloss g_type="lit">pedestrian paradise</gloss>
1. A 2009-08-24 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2526340 Active (id: 2144622)

アナル
1. [adj-f]
▶ anal
2. [n,vs] [abbr]
▶ anal sex
▶ anal intercourse
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2433410 アナルセックス 1. anal sex; anal intercourse
3. [n]
▶ anus
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1570780 肛門 1. anus

Conjugations


History:
10. A 2021-08-19 20:57:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Curious.
9. A* 2021-08-19 18:14:17 
  Refs: 
デジタル大辞泉
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1570780">肛門</xref>
+<gloss>anus</gloss>
8. A 2021-05-25 20:52:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Resubmit.
  Diff: 
@@ -18,6 +17,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&col;</misc>
-<gloss>butt-hole</gloss>
-<gloss>anus</gloss>
7. A* 2021-05-20 22:57:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Reference, please!
6. A* 2021-05-20 19:36:37  Julius <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
+<gloss>butt-hole</gloss>
+<gloss>anus</gloss>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 2553980 Active (id: 1101007)
斡旋販売
【 あっせんはんばい 】
1. [n]
▶ mediated marketing
▶ mediated sales



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 23:39:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Nice catch.
2. A* 2012-06-13 23:34:16 
  Diff: 
@@ -8,1 +8,1 @@
-<reb>おっせんはんばい</reb>
+<reb>あっせんはんばい</reb>
1. A 2010-06-22 22:29:27  ravi kumar
  Refs: 
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007018433/

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jmdict 2579060 Active (id: 1100965)
オリンピック冬季競技大会
【 オリンピックとうききょうぎたいかい 】
1. [n]
▶ Winter Olympic Games
▶ Winter Olympics



History:
4. A 2012-06-14 12:28:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2012-06-14 02:37:59  Marcus
  Refs: 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games
  Diff: 
@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>Olympic Winter Games</gloss>
+<gloss>Winter Olympic Games</gloss>
+<gloss>Winter Olympics</gloss>
2. A 2010-09-13 03:02:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-09-11 18:12:56  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daij

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jmdict 2624680 Active (id: 1100966)
初事
【 ういごと 】
1. [n] [arch]
▶ for the first time
▶ first thing
▶ doing something for the first time
2. [n] [arch]
▶ first menstruation



History:
4. A 2012-06-14 12:28:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2012-06-14 02:46:22  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs, nikk
  Comments: 
assuming arch based on example sentences
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +12,2 @@
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>for the first time</gloss>
@@ -15,0 +17,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>first menstruation</gloss>
+</sense>
2. A 2011-04-14 01:29:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-04-11 17:56:39  Scott
  Refs: 
daij

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jmdict 2722280 Active (id: 1100978)
和机
【 わづくえ 】
1. [n]
▶ Japanese-style desk (short, used while sitting on the floor)



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 21:54:35  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-10 09:30:03  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr, Luminous

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jmdict 2722670 Active (id: 1101008)
威力業務妨害
【 いりょくぎょうむぼうがい 】
1. [n]
▶ forcible obstruction of business
▶ obstructing business by force



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:41:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, 新和英中辞典, Eijiro, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +11,1 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
1. A* 2012-06-13 05:45:32  Tom Zerlau <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
http://eow.alc.co.jp/���϶�̳˸��/EUC-JP/

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jmdict 2722720 Active (id: 1101009)
抑止効果
【 よくしこうか 】
1. [n]
▶ deterrent effect
▶ chilling effect
▶ restraining effect



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:42:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5
1. A* 2012-06-13 06:21:13  Marcus
  Refs: 
英和独禁法用語辞典, jst, cross, eij
 375,000 results

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jmdict 2722730 Active (id: 1101010)
伴侶動物
【 はんりょどうぶつ 】
1. [n]
▶ companion animal
▶ pet
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2587970 コンパニオンアニマル 1. companion animal; pet



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:44:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ＫＯＤ追加語彙, Daijr
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2587970">コンパニオンアニマル</xref>
1. A* 2012-06-13 06:25:53  Marcus
  Refs: 
知恵蔵2011
77,000 results

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jmdict 2722740 Rejected (id: 1100956)
寧楽時代
【 ならじだい 】
1. [n]
▶ Nara period (710-794 CE)

History:
3. R 2012-06-14 08:03:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Adding this to 1457710 (奈良時代).
2. A* 2012-06-13 10:21:30 
  Refs: 
other references;

http://www.google.com/search?q="ǫ�ڻ���"&hl=en&lr=lang_ja&ie=euc-jp
1. A* 2012-06-13 10:19:56  Vincent UImer <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
http://www.worldcat.org/title/nihon-bijutsushi/oclc/22803725
This magazine uses 寧楽 instead of 奈良 on the covers

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jmdict 2722750 Active (id: 1101011)
銭失い
【 ぜにうしない 】
1. [n]
▶ waste of money
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2152900 安物買いの銭失い【やすものがいのぜにうしない】 1. you get what you pay for; wasting money on a cheap item



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:46:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
新和英中辞典
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2152900">安物買いの銭失い・やすものがいのぜにうしない</xref>
1. A* 2012-06-13 11:29:39  Marcus
  Refs: 
nikk
安物買いの銭失い in daijs daijr etc.

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jmdict 2722760 Active (id: 2296240)
商屋； 商い屋
【 あきないや 】
1. [n] [dated]
▶ shop
▶ store
▶ merchant
▶ shopkeeper



History:
4. A 2024-03-27 12:51:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Presumably dated.
Not in the JEs or smaller kokugos.
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@
+<misc>&dated;</misc>
+<gloss>shop</gloss>
+<gloss>store</gloss>
@@ -16,2 +18,0 @@
-<gloss>merchandiser</gloss>
-<gloss>shop</gloss>
@@ -19 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>trader</gloss>
3. A* 2024-03-26 06:59:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
商い屋	101	5.9% <- Daijr, Koj
商屋	1605	94.1%
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>商い屋</keb>
2. A 2012-06-14 23:48:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
JWN
1. A* 2012-06-13 13:58:39  Marcus
  Refs: 
日本語WordNet(英和), EDR日英対訳辞書, nikkoku
  Comments: 
sounds old-ish, but maybe not really arch? (nikk example from 
１８９６)

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jmdict 2722820 Active (id: 1100969)
外国籍
【 がいこくせき 】
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ foreign citizenship
▶ foreign nationality



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 12:44:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Eijiro
1. A* 2012-06-13 15:07:56  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
2,690,000 hits
  Comments: 
Seen repeatedly, common official term

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jmdict 2722830 Active (id: 1100967)
判決理由
【 はんけつりゆう 】
1. [n] {law}
▶ ratio decidendi
▶ reason for a verdict



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 12:43:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, etc.
  Comments: 
No reason why a legal term can't be in a newspaper.
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<field>&law;</field>
2. A* 2012-06-13 16:10:43  Marcus
  Comments: 
(didn't mark it as legal because I saw it in a newspaper 
article)
1. A* 2012-06-13 15:17:38  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijr, 研究社 新和英中辞典, 英和生命保険用語辞典, 英和独禁法用語辞典, 日
本語WordNet(英和), 日英・英日専門用語辞書, cross
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio_decidendi

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jmdict 2722860 Active (id: 1101013)

イソブタン
1. [n]
▶ isobutane



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:48:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-13 23:02:30  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijs

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jmdict 2722870 Active (id: 1100995)

げす； げえす； げんす
1. [aux] [arch,pol]
《often as でげす》
▶ to be
▶ to exist
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1612690 【ございます】 1. to be; to exist



History:
3. A 2012-06-14 23:02:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-06-13 23:54:35  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
entry for でげす, etc.
  Comments: 
potentially abbreviated, but still pol, i think
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +17,1 @@
+<misc>&pol;</misc>
1. A* 2012-06-13 23:36:43  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daij, meikyo

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jmdict 2722880 Active (id: 1100997)

でげす
1. [aux] [arch,pol]
《polite copula》
▶ be
▶ is
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2253080 【でございます】 1. be; is



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:02:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-13 23:40:12  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daij
  Comments: 
note and glosses match those in revised entry for だ

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jmdict 2722890 Active (id: 1101663)
道議会議員
【 どうぎかいぎいん 】
1. [n]
▶ member of the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2722920 道会議員【どうかいぎいん】 1. member of the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly
  ⇐ see: 2722900 道議【どうぎ】 1. member of the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly



History:
2. A 2012-06-21 10:41:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:31:16  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs

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jmdict 2722900 Active (id: 1101661)
道議
【 どうぎ 】
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ member of the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2722890 道議会議員 1. member of the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly



History:
2. A 2012-06-21 10:40:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:31:23  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs
"鳩山元首相に対抗馬、五輪「銅」の堀井学道議"
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/election/shugiin/news/20120614-
OYT1T00008.htm?from=top

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jmdict 2722910 Active (id: 1101130)
道会
【 どうかい 】
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1898220 道議会 1. Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly



History:
2. A 2012-06-16 00:57:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK as is.
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:32:34  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs
  Comments: 
2 senses, one is an abbreviation, the other is the (official?) 
old name for it

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jmdict 2722920 Active (id: 1101662)
道会議員
【 どうかいぎいん 】
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ member of the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2722890 道議会議員 1. member of the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly



History:
2. A 2012-06-21 10:41:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:33:59  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs
  Comments: 
abbreviation of one of 5 characters... maybe [col]? "通称。"

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jmdict 2722930 Active (id: 1101087)
冬季五輪
【 とうきごりん 】
1. [n]
▶ Winter Olympic Games
▶ Winter Olympics
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1999020 冬季オリンピック【とうきオリンピック】 1. Winter Olympics



History:
2. A 2012-06-15 22:58:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ＫＯＤ追加語彙
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1999020">冬季オリンピック・とうきオリンピック</xref>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:36:08  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs, cross

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jmdict 2722940 Active (id: 1101664)
道議選
【 どうぎせん 】
1. [n]
▶ Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly elections



History:
2. A 2012-06-21 10:41:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:39:37  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs
"２００７年に道議選に立候補し、初当選して現在２期目。"
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/election/shugiin/news/20120614-
OYT1T00008.htm

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jmdict 2722950 Active (id: 1101099)
多選
【 たせん 】
1. [n,vs]
▶ being re-elected (multiple times)

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2012-06-15 23:23:09  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:43:14  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs, wiki
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/多選
"多選批判の岡山知事が引退へ、秋の選挙に不出馬"
"民主、自民、公明党などから多選批判が出ていた。"
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/election/local/news/20120614-
OYT1T00432.htm?from=main1
"多選して" 7,310 results
"多選した"　35,600 results

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jmdict 2722960 Active (id: 2104799)
初表
【 しょおもて； はつおもて 】
1. [n]
▶ first page of a renga or renku
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1559370 連歌 1. renga (early Japanese poetry form); linked verse; poetic dialogue
  ⇒ see: 1781670 連句 1. linked verse; couplet



History:
4. A 2021-06-09 06:25:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2021-06-09 06:05:28  Opencooper
  Comments: 
Typo for reading of 「連歌」.
  Diff: 
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<gloss>first page of a renka or renku</gloss>
+<gloss>first page of a renga or renku</gloss>
2. A 2012-06-17 05:48:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:48:40  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs, nikk

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jmdict 2722970 Active (id: 1101215)
初参
【 しょさん 】
1. [n,vs]
▶ being in someone's service for the first time
▶ participating for the first time
2. [n,vs]
▶ visiting a shrine (or temple) for the first time

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2012-06-17 05:12:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2012-06-16 05:43:53  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daij, nikk
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<gloss>being in someone's service for the first time</gloss>
@@ -14,1 +15,5 @@
-<gloss>visiting a shrine for the first time</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<gloss>visiting a shrine (or temple) for the first time</gloss>
3. A* 2012-06-16 05:23:11  Marcus
  Comments: 
split them out.
  Diff: 
@@ -7,3 +7,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>初参り</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -12,8 +9,0 @@
-<re_restr>初参</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ういざん</reb>
-<re_restr>初参</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>はつまいり</reb>
@@ -22,1 +11,0 @@
-<stagr>しょさん</stagr>
@@ -28,14 +16,0 @@
-<sense>
-<stagr>はつまいり</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1342720">初詣</xref>
-<gloss>first shrine visit of the New Year</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>ういざん</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>ceremony where a new retainer has hist first audience with his new master</gloss>
-</sense>
2. A* 2012-06-16 01:08:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
They break the "two-out-of-three" rule, as the meanings are tied to reaadings. See: http://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/Editorial_policy#Merging_Entries.2FTwo-out-of-three_Rule
Can you turn this into three entries?
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:57:34  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs, nikk
  Comments: 
These 3 are separate entries in daijs/nikk, as the readings 
are distinct. I thought there was some overlap with はつまいり 
and しょさん so I put them together. And then I thought, what the 
hell, I'll add ういざん too. But maybe they'd be better apart.

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jmdict 2722980 Active (id: 1101127)
知事選
【 ちじせん 】
1. [n]
▶ gubernatorial election
▶ election of governor
▶ gubernatorial campaign
▶ gubernatorial race



History:
3. A 2012-06-16 00:52:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr, GG5, 新和英中辞典
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<gloss>election of governor</gloss>
2. A* 2012-06-14 02:59:47 
  Diff: 
@@ -13,1 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>gubernatorial campaign:gubernatorial race</gloss>
+<gloss>gubernatorial campaign</gloss>
+<gloss>gubernatorial race</gloss>
1. A* 2012-06-14 02:59:35  Marcus
  Refs: 
JST, 日本語WordNet(英和), 朝日新聞掲載「キーワード」, eij

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jmdict 2722990 Active (id: 1100968)
取引制限
【 とりひきせいげん 】
1. [n] {law}
▶ restraint of trade
▶ trade restriction



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 12:43:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5
1. A* 2012-06-14 03:05:05  Marcus
  Refs: 
法令用語日英標準対訳辞書, 英和独禁法用語辞典, 日本語WordNet(英和), 日
英・英日専門用語辞書, cross
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20120613-
OYT1T01074.htm?from=main8
"ベアリングの販売価格を巡るカルテル事件で、公正取引委員会は１４日午前、独占
禁止法違反（不当な取引制限）容疑で大手メーカー３社と３社の役員ら計７人を検事
総長に刑事告発した。"

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jmdict 2723000 Active (id: 1101133)
課徴金減免制度
【 かちょうきんげんめんせいど 】
1. [n] {law}
▶ leniency policy
▶ [expl] addition to Japan's antitrust law that allows lower fines for the first company involved in a cartel, etc. to admit their involvement
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1455890 独占禁止法 1. antitrust law; Antitrust Act



History:
2. A 2012-06-16 01:05:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
http://kotobank.jp/word/課徴金減免制度と指名停止
1. A* 2012-06-14 03:13:46  Marcus
  Refs: 
daijs, 新語探検, 情報・知識imidas, eij

http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20120614-OYT1T00324.htm
"ジェイテクト（愛知）も関与したが、課徴金減免制度（リーニエンシー）を最も早く自主申
告したため、告発対象から外れた。"

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jmdict 2723010 Active (id: 1101107)
編集局長
【 へんしゅうきょくちょう 】
1. [n]
▶ managing editor
▶ chief editor



History:
2. A 2012-06-15 23:34:38  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<gloss>chief editor</gloss>
1. A* 2012-06-14 03:17:25  Marcus
  Refs: 
日本語WordNet(英和), Weblio英和対訳辞書 (dunno where it got it 
from)
243,000 results

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jmdict 2723020 Active (id: 1100975)

プロファイリング
1. [n,vs]
▶ profiling

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2012-06-14 21:34:31  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 06:09:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Eijiro,LSD,etc.

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jmdict 2723030 Active (id: 1101135)
機能美
【 きのうび 】
1. [n]
▶ functional beauty
▶ beauty of function
▶ simplicity and elegance of design



History:
2. A 2012-06-16 01:10:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr, GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<gloss>functional beauty</gloss>
1. A* 2012-06-14 09:11:28 
  Refs: 
http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/245697/m0u/

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jmdict 2723040 Active (id: 1100976)
菊座
【 きくざ 】
1. [n]
▶ chrysanthemum-shaped metal fixture
2. [n]
▶ chrysanthemum-shaped hemstitch
3. [n] [sl]
▶ anus
▶ anal intercourse



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 21:36:07  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 12:25:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr, GG5, ＫＯＤ追加語彙

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jmdict 2723050 Active (id: 1101004)
ジャガタラ縞
【 ジャガタラじま 】
1. [n] [arch]
▶ striped fabric imported from Java (often cotton, sometimes mixed with silk)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2723070 咬𠺕吧【ジャガタラ】 4. striped fabric imported from Java (often cotton, sometimes mixed with silk)



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:09:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 22:19:35  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daij

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jmdict 2723060 Active (id: 1101005)
ジャガタラ文
【 ジャガタラぶみ 】
1. [n]
▶ letters from exiled Europeans in Jakarta to their Japanese wives and half-Japanese children (during the Edo period)



History:
2. A 2012-06-14 23:09:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-14 22:24:31  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daij, gg5

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jmdict 2723070 Active (id: 2155944)
咬𠺕吧 [ateji,rK]
【 ジャガタラ 】
1. [n] [uk] Source lang: dut "Jacatra"
《former name》
▶ Jakarta
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1065120 ジャカルタ 1. Jakarta (Indonesia)
2. [n,n-pref] [uk]
《used for Javanese items imported by Dutch traders during the Edo period》
▶ Java
3. [n] [abbr,uk]
▶ potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2194060 ジャガタラ芋 1. potato (Solanum tuberosum)
4. [n] [abbr,uk]
▶ striped fabric imported from Java (often cotton, sometimes mixed with silk)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2723050 ジャガタラ縞 1. striped fabric imported from Java (often cotton, sometimes mixed with silk)



History:
8. A 2021-11-06 03:23:46  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
咬�	No matches
ジャガタラ	2573
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +7 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
7. A 2019-07-02 18:42:50  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ジャガタラ	2573
咬𠺕吧 throws an error (so likely rare?)
  Comments: 
arguably sense 1 should be obs-tagged but the policy on that is still in the air
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,0 +14,2 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<s_inf>former name</s_inf>
@@ -14 +17 @@
-<gloss>Jakarta (former name)</gloss>
+<gloss>Jakarta</gloss>
@@ -18,0 +22 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -25,0 +30 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -31,0 +37 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
6. A* 2019-07-01 12:02:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr, GG5
  Comments: 
I think this is clearer.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12,6 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1065120">ジャカルタ</xref>
+<lsource xml:lang="dut">Jacatra</lsource>
+<gloss>Jakarta (former name)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -13,3 +19 @@
-<s_inf>applied to Javan items imported by Dutch traders during the Edo period</s_inf>
-<lsource xml:lang="dut">Jacatra</lsource>
-<gloss>Jakarta</gloss>
+<s_inf>used for Javanese items imported by Dutch traders during the Edo period</s_inf>
@@ -25,0 +30 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2723050">ジャガタラ縞</xref>
5. A* 2019-07-01 08:09:34 
  Comments: 
What does "applied to" mean,
exacrly, in the note?
4. A* 2019-07-01 07:14:26  tjdtg
  Refs: 
三省堂、広辞苑、大辞泉
  Diff: 
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>咬𠺕吧</keb>
+</k_ele>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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