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| 1. |
[prt,conj]
《oft. as ...とか...とか》 ▶ and the like ▶ such as ▶ among other things ▶ and so on |
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| 2. |
[exp,prt]
《used to convey hearsay or uncertain information; oft. with 言う, 聞く, etc.》 ▶ or something ▶ something like ▶ a (certain) |
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| 3. |
[exp,prt]
《at sentence end》 ▶ I hear that ... ▶ people say that... ▶ rumour has it that ... |
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| 4. |
[exp,prt]
[col]
《used to make a statement vague or less absolute; usu. after a noun》 ▶ or something ▶ something like ▶ or whatever |
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| 8. | A 2019-12-11 03:23:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | OK, let's go with that. |
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| 7. | A* 2019-12-10 22:49:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5: "尾形とかいう人 a person called Ogata, or something (like that); a person called, I believe, Ogata; a certain Mr. Ogata; one [a] Mr. Ogata." |
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| Comments: | How about "uncertain information"? Even in that context, とか is being used to express some degree of uncertainly about the person's name. |
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| Diff: | @@ -20 +20 @@ -<s_inf>used to convey hearsay or unconfirmed information; oft. with 言う, 聞く, etc.</s_inf> +<s_inf>used to convey hearsay or uncertain information; oft. with 言う, 聞く, etc.</s_inf> |
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| 6. | A* 2019-12-10 01:22:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Tanaka: きのうウィリアムズさんとかいう人が訪ねてきました。A Mr. Williams came to see you yesterday. |
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| Comments: | Looks good. My only concern is the rather common use of it to announce people. 7 of the 67 indexed Tanaka sentences have this pattern and while it sort-of fits into sense 2 with its "a (certain)", it's not really "hearsay or unconfirmed information"; it's more a formula used in such situations. I wonder if the sense can be tweaked a little to reflect that usage? |
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| 5. | A* 2019-12-09 15:47:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daij, meikyo, gg5, prog |
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| Comments: | These are all the senses in the kokugos. Sense 2 and 3 are really the same sense, but "I hear that/rumor has it", etc. only work when the sentence *ends* with とか (as in the examples in Nicolas's link) which is why I've kept them separate. Sense 4 looks similar to sense 2 except that it's not used for hearsay. Only daijs and meikyo have it as a separate sense. Daijr has a note about it. |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11,3 @@ +<s_inf>oft. as ...とか...とか</s_inf> +<gloss>and the like</gloss> +<gloss>such as</gloss> @@ -12,2 +14,0 @@ -<gloss>such things as</gloss> -<gloss>or something like that</gloss> @@ -18,5 +19,22 @@ -<s_inf>often with 言う</s_inf> -<gloss>people say that</gloss> -<gloss>it is said that</gloss> -<gloss>I hear that</gloss> -<gloss>rumor has it that</gloss> +<pos>&prt;</pos> +<s_inf>used to convey hearsay or unconfirmed information; oft. with 言う, 聞く, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>or something</gloss> +<gloss>something like</gloss> +<gloss>a (certain)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&prt;</pos> +<s_inf>at sentence end</s_inf> +<gloss>I hear that ...</gloss> +<gloss>people say that...</gloss> +<gloss>rumour has it that ...</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&prt;</pos> +<misc>&col;</misc> +<s_inf>used to make a statement vague or less absolute; usu. after a noun</s_inf> +<gloss>or something</gloss> +<gloss>something like</gloss> +<gloss>or whatever</gloss> |
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| 4. | A* 2019-12-09 10:07:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5: (1) …or something; a (certain)… (2) …and the like; …and so on 中辞典; (1) example: 尾形とか(なんとか)いう人 a (certain) Mr. Ogata; somebody named Ogata 《wants to see you》 彼女は今病気療養中とかいう話だ. ┏I hear [They say] she's recovering from an illness. 中辞典; (2) 鍋とか釜とかその他いろいろな炊事道具 various kitchen utensils such as pots and pans and so on Makino & Tsutsui (DBJG) and Chino (All About Particles) take differing analyses of this one. |
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| Comments: | I agree it nees to be (at least) two senses and I think Nicolas' suggestion is pretty good. Any other suggestions? |
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| Diff: | @@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>and so on</gloss> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<s_inf>often with 言う</s_inf> |
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| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ (Japanese) Meteorological Agency ▶ JMA
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 21:51:31 Hendrik | |
| Refs: | http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/Background/goal.html |
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| Diff: | @@ -16,1 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>Meteorological Agency</gloss> +<gloss>(Japanese) Meteorological Agency</gloss> +<gloss>JMA</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[v5u,vi]
▶ to obey (an order, law, etc.) ▶ to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.) ▶ to follow ▶ to observe ▶ to conform to ▶ to yield to |
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| 2. |
[v5u,vi]
▶ to follow (a person) ▶ to accompany ▶ to go with |
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| 3. |
[v5u,vi]
▶ to go alongside (e.g. a river) ▶ to follow (e.g. a sign) |
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| 4. |
[v5u,vi]
▶ to serve (as) ▶ to engage in (work) |
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| 8. | A 2023-03-01 05:09:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 7. | A* 2023-03-01 03:23:10 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 従う │ 747,219 │ 95.2% │ │ 随う │ 6,111 │ 0.8% │ - rK (daijr/s, koj, meikyo) │ 順う │ 3,510 │ 0.4% │ - rK (daijs, koj, meikyo) │ 遵う │ 514 │ 0.1% │ - rK (daijs, meikyo) │ 從う │ 811 │ 0.1% │ - sK (itaiji for 従) │ 隨う │ 102 │ 0.0% │ - sK (itaiji for 随) │ したがう │ 26,496 │ 3.4% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -17,0 +20 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -21 +24 @@ -<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -25 +28 @@ -<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| 6. | A 2018-05-13 18:51:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | meikyo, kanjigen |
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| Diff: | @@ -14,0 +15,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>遵う</keb> |
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| 5. | A* 2018-04-25 14:50:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daij, gg5, prog |
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| Comments: | Added senses. Some refs split even more finely but I think this is sufficient. 從う is [oK], not [iK]. |
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| Diff: | @@ -17 +17 @@ -<keb>隨う</keb> +<keb>從う</keb> @@ -21,2 +21,2 @@ -<keb>從う</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<keb>隨う</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> @@ -33,2 +33,2 @@ -<gloss>to abide (by the rules)</gloss> -<gloss>to obey</gloss> +<gloss>to obey (an order, law, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.)</gloss> @@ -35,0 +36,8 @@ +<gloss>to observe</gloss> +<gloss>to conform to</gloss> +<gloss>to yield to</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to follow (a person)</gloss> @@ -36,0 +45,13 @@ +<gloss>to go with</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to go alongside (e.g. a river)</gloss> +<gloss>to follow (e.g. a sign)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to serve (as)</gloss> +<gloss>to engage in (work)</gloss> |
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| 4. | A 2011-07-14 00:50:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | 旧字 |
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| Diff: | @@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<keb>隨う</keb> +<keb>順う</keb> @@ -17,1 +17,2 @@ -<keb>順う</keb> +<keb>隨う</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> |
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| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ common area (of a condominium or other multi-unit building) ▶ common element |
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| 11. | A 2021-12-25 08:27:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 10. | A* 2021-12-24 08:36:20 | |
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>common area (of a condominimum or other multi-unit building)</gloss> +<gloss>common area (of a condominium or other multi-unit building)</gloss> |
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| 9. | A 2021-12-18 20:13:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | The word "dormitory" has meanings that differ between countries. I think it's an unnecessary distraction here. |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>common area (of a condominimum, dormitory or other multi-unit building)</gloss> +<gloss>common area (of a condominimum or other multi-unit building)</gloss> |
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| 8. | A* 2021-12-18 00:21:11 | |
| Refs: | https://www.kawai-juku.ac.jp/daiju/dormitory/kinki/osaka-eikanryo/ 寮の新型コロナウイルス対策 寮生には毎朝登校前の検温を義務づけ、体調が優れなければ寮長・寮母に報告し登校を控えるよう指導しています。また、館内でも共用部分におけるマスクの着用を推奨し、食事の際の会話は最低限にするなどの細かいルールを設けています。 |
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| Comments: | Strictly speaking a dormitory is a type of "multi-unit building" but my first instinct was that it isn't (for some reason). So I thought making it explicit might be good. |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>common area (of a condominimum or other multi-unit building)</gloss> +<gloss>common area (of a condominimum, dormitory or other multi-unit building)</gloss> |
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| 7. | A 2018-12-03 05:09:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | OK as a second gloss. Some of those official translations are odd. |
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| (show/hide 6 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Eviota masudai (species of pygmy goby found in Japanese waters) |
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| 2. | A 2010-05-28 01:24:05 James Rose | |
| Comments: | Although the Internet is replete with the gobie spelling, a dictionary check shows that the singular form should be goby. |
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| Diff: | @@ -9,1 +9,1 @@ -<gloss>Eviota masudai (species of pygmy gobie found in Japanese waters)</gloss> +<gloss>Eviota masudai (species of pygmy goby found in Japanese waters)</gloss> |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-24 23:03:43 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Eviota japonica (species of pygmy goby found in Japanese waters) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:24:20 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ divine dwarf goby (Eviota epiphanes) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:24:32 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ pepperfin pygmy goby (Eviota punctulata) ▶ green bubble goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:24:45 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Herre's pygmy goby (Eviota herrei) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:24:57 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Queensland pygmy goby (Eviota queenslandica) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:25:10 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Lachdebrere's pygmy goby (Eviota lachdeberei) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:25:24 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ green bubble goby (Eviota prasina) ▶ pepperfin pygmy goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:25:35 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ barred pygmy goby (Eviota fasciola) ▶ grubby pygmy-goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:25:54 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ comet pygmy goby (Eviota cometa) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:26:12 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ blackbelly goby (Eviota nigriventris) ▶ blackbelly pygmy goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:26:23 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ infulata pygmy goby (Eviota infulata) ▶ shoulder-mark pygmy goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:26:35 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ spotted fringefin goby (Eviota albolineata) ▶ white-barred pygmy-goby ▶ whiteline pygmy goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:27:11 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Afele's fringefin goby (Eviota afelei) ▶ Afele's pygmy goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:27:24 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Eviota korechika (species of pygmy goby found in Japan and Indonesia) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:27:37 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Eviota sp.3 (species of pygmy goby) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:27:57 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ Trimma grammistes (species of small goby found in Japan and Taiwan) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:29:02 James Rose | |
| Comments: | formally known as "Eviota grammistes". Has been sighted in the Philippines. JB: formerly? |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ flame goby (Trimma macrophthalmum) ▶ large-eyed dwarfgoby ▶ red-spotted pygmy-goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:29:16 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ spotted pygmy goby (Eviota guttata) ▶ green pygmy-goby |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:29:31 James Rose | |
| 1. |
[n]
▶ (human) voice |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 01:29:48 Jim Breen | |
| Refs: | Texts |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ hypersonic speed |
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| 4. | A 2023-08-12 06:45:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2023-08-12 06:13:39 Opencooper | |
| Refs: | luminous |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>きょくちょうおんそく</reb> |
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| 2. | A 2021-11-28 18:19:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>hypersonic (speed)</gloss> +<gloss>hypersonic speed</gloss> |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 21:50:11 | |
| Refs: | http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=int_30&k=2010052700673 Reading confirmed with daijirin and GG5. I see an entry starting with kyoku- in WI1, but cannot find any support for that reading in Japanese dictionaries. |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ margay (Leopardus wiedii) |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 21:50:27 Kaj Syrjänen | |
| Refs: | http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/マーゲイ |
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| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) |
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| 2. | A 2010-06-23 02:09:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 21:50:55 Kaj Syrjänen | |
| Refs: | http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ウンピョウ |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) ▶ little spotted cat ▶ tigrillo ▶ cunaguaro ▶ tiger cat |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 21:51:10 Kaj Syrjänen | |
| Refs: | http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ジャガーネコ |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ wisent (Bison bonasus) ▶ European bison |
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| 1. | A 2010-05-28 21:51:45 Kaj Syrjänen | |
| Refs: | http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヨーロッパバイソン |
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