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jmdict 1245370 Active (id: 1939585)
虚しい [spec1] 空しい [ichi1]
むなしい [spec1,ichi1]
1. [adj-i]
▶ empty
▶ void
▶ vacant
2. [adj-i]
▶ vain
▶ fruitless
▶ futile
▶ ineffective
3. [adj-i]
▶ lifeless
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1642360 空しくなる 1. to die; to expire

Conjugations


History:
15. A 2016-11-21 22:06:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Interesting frequencies. All my refs put 空しい in front of 虚しい, apart from GG5 which only has 空しい. Tanaka has two examples with 空しい and the other 6 use kana. I think the word is common enough to keep the "P", so I'll tag 虚しい.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
@@ -13,0 +15 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
14. A* 2016-11-21 13:26:45  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
G n-grams:
 虚しい	194875
 むなしい	141237
 空しい	 99437
KM n-grams:
 虚しい	7159
 むなしい	5927
 空しい	5561
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<keb>虚しい</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -7,3 +9,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>虚しい</keb>
13. A 2014-11-17 00:40:58  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Probably okay to close, I'd say.
12. A* 2014-11-14 21:56:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Reopening.
11. A 2014-11-14 21:56:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijrin, Koj
  Comments:
I can't see any good evidence that sense 3 is restricted to 虚しい, indeed if it is, then it has to be a separate entry as it would break the 2/3 rule to have it here. Neither of the refs above show that that meaning is restricted to the 虚しい surface form, in fact 1642360 has 空しくなる first.
What I propose to do is drop the restriction and notes (effectively putting it back to where Rene proposed it a few days ago), approve it, then reopen to see if any hard evidence emerges to justify a further change.
  Diff:
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<s_inf>usually 空しい</s_inf>
@@ -24 +22,0 @@
-<s_inf>usually 空しい</s_inf>
@@ -31 +28,0 @@
-<stagk>虚しい</stagk>
@@ -33 +30 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1642360">虚しくなる</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1642360">空しくなる</xref>
(show/hide 10 older log entries)

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jmdict 1245370 Rejected (id: 1906029)
空しい [ichi1] 虚しい曠空い
むなしい [ichi1]
1. [adj-i]
▶ empty
▶ void
▶ vacant
2. [adj-i]
▶ vain
▶ fruitless
▶ futile
▶ ineffective
3. [adj-i]
▶ lifeless
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1642360 虚しくなる 1. to die; to expire

Conjugations

History:
6. R 2014-11-14 21:50:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
This appears to be an overlooked fork, and I need to reject it to get the entry back on track.
5. A* 2014-11-11 08:21:43  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, kanjigen, nikkoku, 25 hits (曠), 15 hits (昿)
=====
nikkoku:
表記

【空】色葉・名義・和玉・文明・天正・饅頭・黒本・易林・書言・ヘボン・言海
【虚】色葉・名義・和玉・文明・易林・書言・言海
【曠】色葉・名義・和玉・文明・書言
【徒】色葉・名義・和玉・文明
【耗・沖・〓・竇】色葉・名義・和玉
【唐】色葉・名義・文明
【捐】色葉・名義・書言
【死・康・竅・素・〓・〓・断・〓】色葉・名義
【〓】名義・和玉
【〓】和玉・易林
【無・亡・喪・穹・泯・唐指】色葉
【廓・〓・〓・廂・仲・〓・〓・暗・〓・冲・息・綾・積・粃・寥・〓・荒・〓・〓】名義
【〓・婁・〓・〓・孔・〓・〓・〓・〓・〓・〓・〓・〓】和玉
【闃】書言
=====
  Comments:
in place of 曠空い, i recommend possibly adding: 曠しい[oK];昿しい[oK]

however, there are many more headwords for むなしい that could be added.  nikkoku lists 60 headwords that have been recorded in major historic dictionaries, though 曠空 is not among them
  Diff:
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<s_inf>むなしい is gikun reading for 曠空い found in Meiji period literature</s_inf>
4. A* 2014-11-11 08:03:15  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
i am still not convinced that 曠空い is necessary or helpful. as i said, it gets one google hit (http://dqm.s198.xrea.com/patio-s-huri-/read.cgi?no=3379&l=2), which appears to be a recently written story.  aozora bunko and project gutenberg and the like have a large number of old texts available online, but 曠空い apparently does not appear in any of them.

if--as far as we can document--it is only found in a single meiji-era reference (=文語訳(明治訳)舊約聖書), i don't think it can rightly be said to be "found in Meiji period literature", and i don't think it needs to be an entry, as it appears to be just an idiosyncratic headword used by a single translator.
3. A* 2014-11-11 07:47:45  Matt Bloedel <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Good suggestion to split the senses. As for how 広 and 曠 
are related, in modern Japanese writing 広 is often 
substituted for 曠 since it shares the same onyomi, meaning 
and form (simplified form without 日.  昿 is the true 
simplified form, but 昿 is not a jouyou kanji so 広 is 
substituted instead). However, since the gikun reading むな
しい for 曠空 is what is found in the literature cited (文語訳
(明治訳)舊約聖書), modern equivalents maybe don't need to be 
included. Personally, I like seeing gikun readings in the 
literature as poetry for the eyes, so I propose at least 
including 曠空い with explanation "むなしい is gikun reading 
for 曠空い found in Meiji period literature".
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>曠空い</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -16,0 +20 @@
+<s_inf>むなしい is gikun reading for 曠空い found in Meiji period literature</s_inf>
2. A* 2014-11-11 05:08:23  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
"曠空い" gets one google hit; "昿空い" gets zero.  i think these variants are too obscure to be worth recording. also, i'm not sure what makes the 広空い version a modern equivalent, as 広 is not related to those characters as far as i can tell
  Comments:
splitting senses
  Diff:
@@ -11,9 +10,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>曠空</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>昿空</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>広空</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -26 +17,2 @@
-<s_inf>むなしい is gikun reading for 曠空い ; 昿空い ; 広空い</s_inf>
+<gloss>empty</gloss>
+<gloss>void</gloss>
@@ -27,0 +20,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
+<gloss>vain</gloss>
+<gloss>fruitless</gloss>
@@ -29,3 +25,0 @@
-<gloss>vain</gloss>
-<gloss>void</gloss>
-<gloss>empty</gloss>
@@ -32,0 +27,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1642360">虚しくなる</xref>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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