I basically agree with Marcus. I don't think it's really a different sense - just a broad use of the core meaning.

@@ -14,8 +13,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
-<misc>&derog;</misc>
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
-<gloss>senile old man</gloss>
-<gloss>senile old woman</gloss>

On balance I don't think we need a second sense. If Daijisen for instance had "また、その人" (instead of just ending with -状態) then sure, I'd assume they had a good case for it, but I'm not really convinced by the examples provided alone (esp. as most of them could be read as 状態 rather than 人) that this is more than just typical Japanese "noun fluidity".

Discovered here(link to timestamp):
https://youtu.be/dTA99NXJU04?t=111
"We don't really have a word for "Karens", because "Karen" is very specific..." [proceeds to enumerate some insults]
"Usually we call annoying elders 'rougai'. 'rou' means old, 'gai' means 'harm' or something..."
"But yeh, it's a really bad word so don't say that to another person. If you say that to elders, maybe you get hit with their cane"

Next two words were the common kusobaba and kusoji.

A non-derogatory "medical" article that directly equates 老害 with brain decay (ie. senility)
｢40代で老害｣当てはまると危険な｢2つの傾向｣
老人脳にならないための簡単で有効な対策
https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/668049

「老害」 を英語で何と言うのか
https://ameblo.jp/tedkuw717/entry-12652441155.html
 で 「老害」 を "senile old people" と和訳しています。

https://twitter.com/U2at86/status/1736254779796701551
老害クソ頑固ジジイを見るたびに

https://twitter.com/poge0121/status/1731875141095686478
老害社長の暴走で、今日もイライラしてます。

https://twitter.com/hiro_jojoveller/status/1759763206871114232
あの老害ガタガタうるせぇな

A very derogatory post about old people and car accidents
日本の老害達ってなんで免許返納しないのですか？
https://okwave.jp/qa/q9944761.html
2021/11/19 23:06
こいつら、何人、殺せば気が済むんだ？
毎日、毎日、アクセルとブレーキ踏み間違えたとか
...

These point at [derog] but all seem a bit soft to me...
老害 を英語で教えて!
https://nativecamp.net/heync/question/14571
・old geezer 
・Old fart
・Grumpy old man

That old geezer keeps meddling with the company's policies even after retiring.
あの老害が引退後もなお、会社の方針に口を出し続けるんだ。

For some examples, search "あの老害", or the combination... "老害" "免許"  (lots of "take their licenses away" commentaries).

Apparently, this can be used as an identifier for specific elders, and in this context is derogatory.  

Seems like it can be an intensifier for other insults, such as 老害クソババア. Even found a  "老害クソ頑固ジジイ".  I think this warrants a second sense for the [derog] application.  Marked [adj-f] as it seems to grammatically work like "fucking" in English. "老害社長"、老害部長, have plenty of matches, for example.

I don't necessarily mean "senile" in the literal sense, though it seems this nuance does apply to 老害.  But as [sl][derog], "senile" is a fairly effective term in English for insulting the elderly.  あの老害 = "that senile old man" seems about right from what I have seen... ("senile old person" would be a definition, not a gloss, as this is no longer an insult).

I see looking back that GG5 specifically gives  "(senile)". It seems the implication is probably there, even if impolite.

@@ -13,0 +14,8 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
+<misc>&derog;</misc>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<gloss>senile old man</gloss>
+<gloss>senile old woman</gloss>

GG5: 	problems caused by (senile) old people
ルミナス: (老人支配の害) problem [harm] of gerontocracy, problem [harm] caused by an elderly person's persistent control over younger people

Trying to broaden it a little.

@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>damage (to society, politics, etc.) caused by gerontocracy</gloss>
+<gloss>problems caused by old people</gloss>
+<gloss>harm to society by gerontocracy</gloss>