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jmdict 2621370 Active (id: 2237899)
虞犯ぐ犯
ぐはん
1. [n] {law}
▶ being likely to commit a crime
▶ pre-delinquency
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2621360 虞犯少年 1. juvenile deemed likely to commit a crime; pre-delinquent juvenile; status offender



History:
6. A 2023-05-18 08:59:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-05-16 20:23:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
smk: 罪を犯しやすい傾向にあること。
  Comments:
I agree with Brian that "likelihood" is misleading.
I don't think adj-f is needed unless we're glossing it as an adjective.
  Diff:
@@ -15 +14,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -18,2 +17,2 @@
-<gloss>likelihood of committing a crime</gloss>
-<gloss>pre-delinquent</gloss>
+<gloss>being likely to commit a crime</gloss>
+<gloss>pre-delinquency</gloss>
4. A 2023-05-15 22:32:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5: 【法】 likelihood of committing a crime.
None of the kokugos I checked had this term - they only have entries for 虞犯少年.
  Comments:
I think this amendment overcomplicates the entry. I frankly think it was better the way it was. One sense is enough.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -20,6 +21 @@
-<gloss>status offense</gloss>
-<gloss>(cases of) pre-delinquency (esp. juvenile pre-delinquency)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
-<field>&law;</field>
+<gloss>likelihood of committing a crime</gloss>
@@ -27 +22,0 @@
-<gloss>feared likely to commit a crime (esp. to suggest social intervention)</gloss>
3. A* 2023-05-15 15:17:10  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
虞犯	4880	58.7%
ぐ犯	2786	33.5%

虞犯少年	2383	66.7%
ぐ犯少年	1192	33.3%

====
https://hakusyo1.moj.go.jp/en/46/nfm/n_46_2_3_2_4_3.html
Fig. III-30 shows the trends in the percent distribution of persons newly admitted to juvenile training schools, by offense and by age since 1980. As for junior juveniles, larceny and status offense accounted for 3/4 in 1980. However, the percent distribution of status offenses has declined to a large extent, and robbery and extortion have increased since 1995

Same document, Japanese source:
https://hakusyo1.moj.go.jp/jp/42/nfm/n_42_2_3_2_4_3.html
... 窃盗及び虞犯が4分の3を占めていたが,平成7年以降,虞犯の比率が大幅に低下し ...

====

Reassessing Juvenile Justice in Japan: Net widening or diversion?
https://apjjf.org/2017/09/Ellis.html
Juvenile pre-delinquency violations referred to the police are recorded. Yoder therefore used 2008 statistics and noted that the 1,361,769 recorded youth pre-delinquency status offences far outnumbered the 134,415 penal code offences by young people (Yoder, 2011, p. 37; Hanzai Hakusho, 2009; Seishonen Hakusho3, 2009) and that pre-delinquency rates more than doubled between 1972 and 1983. The implication here is that all 1,361,769 pre-delinquency cases would result in a juvenile police record. 
...
Figure 1: Number of juveniles issued with police guidance for pre-delinquency status offences, 1975-2014


Lots of data, ぐ犯 orthography:
https://wellness-keijibengo.com/guhan/
  Comments:
I think that "虞犯" is perhaps more accurately "likely to commit a crime".  If we "noun" this as "likelihood", then I would expect to be able to say 虞犯は20%, or 虞犯が高い。Those do not work. 

The noun given in sankoku is おそれ.  Thus, something like
[expl] concern(or fear) that someone is likely to commit a crime

I added, but then removed this in the end as it seemed redundant with what I arrived at for sense [2].

For sense[2], note that obvious noun searches like:
虞犯がある and 虞犯がない return next-to-nothing in a google search. So while this has the meaning if the [expl] above, it doesn't seem to be used as a standalone noun this way. Hence [adj-f] only on [2]. I'm not sure if there are examples/rationales I have not considered here...

Contrary to my original argument against "status offense" on 虞犯少年, 虞犯 by itself is very often glossed on reverso as "status offense". In fact, "虞犯" in the sense of "reason for admitting a minor into a juvenile training school", along with things like "larceny", is translated as "status offense" by the Ministry of Justice. 

So, maybe "虞犯" could be considered a kind of "offense" (if not a criminal one), for which a juvenile can be forced into some kind of education/remediation system.  And "status offender" was indeed fine on 虞犯少年.  I suppose.  At least, the Ministry of Justice seemed to be OK with the gloss.

The [xref] has explanatory power for both sense.   I rather suspect that sense [1] was actually derived backwards from 虞犯少年. "status offense", as I noted in 虞犯少年, is not an exact equivalent, so the xref provides some clarity on what this actually means in Japanese.    On the other hand for [2], 虞犯少年 is the actual [adj-f] usage, and "pre-delinquent" is also a term meriting additional information.

In addition to the moj ref, lots of additional reverso matches for this simple "status offense" sense:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/虞犯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ぐ犯</keb>
@@ -11,0 +15,9 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2621360">虞犯少年</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2621360">虞犯少年</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2621360">虞犯少年</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2621360">虞犯少年</xref>
+<field>&law;</field>
+<gloss>status offense</gloss>
+<gloss>(cases of) pre-delinquency (esp. juvenile pre-delinquency)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -13 +25 @@
-<gloss>likelihood of committing a crime</gloss>
+<field>&law;</field>
@@ -14,0 +27 @@
+<gloss>feared likely to commit a crime (esp. to suggest social intervention)</gloss>
2. A 2011-03-28 23:24:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -13,0 +14,1 @@
+<gloss>pre-delinquent</gloss>
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