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jmdict 1495960 Active (id: 2229191)
付け焼刃付け焼き刃付焼刃 [sK] 付焼き刃 [sK]
つけやきば
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ affectation
▶ pretension
▶ thin veneer
▶ hasty preparation
▶ stopgap (measure)
▶ superficial (polish, knowledge)
2. [n]
《orig. meaning》
▶ blunt sword with a tempered steel edge



History:
10. A 2023-04-21 23:47:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, 中辞典, etc.
  Comments:
I think the glosses Paul dropped in 2012 were actually OK.
The Kokugos are a bit all over the place for sense 2. I'm going with the short historical one in Koj and Nikk.
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24,2 @@
+<gloss>affectation</gloss>
+<gloss>pretension</gloss>
@@ -27,2 +29 @@
-<gloss>superficial (e.g. knowledge)</gloss>
-<gloss>knowledge or skill learned as a stopgap (e.g. from cramming)</gloss>
+<gloss>superficial (polish, knowledge)</gloss>
@@ -33 +34 @@
-<gloss>a tempered steel blade affixed to a dull or chipped sword ( which may serve in an emergency, but will quickly fail )</gloss>
+<gloss>blunt sword with a tempered steel edge</gloss>
9. A* 2023-04-16 19:49:13  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
On the video game replacement... 
https://twitter.com/24yan_poid/status/1626779898714136576

I misinterpreted.  Only the *joysticks* on the sides of the gaming devices were broken. as a 付け焼刃, he affixed new joysticks(the actual console in both images is the same). perfect.
8. A* 2023-04-16 19:44:40  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Note the two synonyms in particular: 「その場しのぎ」「一夜漬け
付け焼刃(つけやきば)の意味と使い方|類語・対義語・英訳・由来
https://i-k-i.jp/19441
【類語】	「にわか仕込み」「その場しのぎ」「一夜漬け」「生かじり」「生半可」「素人知恵」
【英訳】	「veneer」「surface」「stopgap」「pretention」

https://kotobank.jp/jaesword/付け焼き刃
小学館 和西辞典の解説
付け焼き刃
付け焼き刃の
superficial
付け焼き刃の知識|conocimiento m. superficial, barniz m. de conocimiento (superficial knowledge)

ngrams (superficial knowledge)
付け焼き刃の知識	1007
付け焼き刃の勉強	309	  
付け焼き刃の環境知識	284	  
付け焼き刃の練習	118	  
付け焼き刃の人材不足対策	100	  
付け焼き刃のトレーニング	70	  

daijs:
1 切れない刀にはがねの焼き刃をつけ足したもの。見た目は切れそうに見えるが、実際はもろくて切れない。
^^^ It's not the dull sword.  It *is* the attached blade. (which is why it can peel off)

https://imidas.jp/proverb/detail/X-02-C-18-2-0013.html
(なまくらの刀にほんとうの鋼の刃を継ぎ足したのが、付け焼き刃であり、にわか仕込みの知識などのたとえ) その場しのぎに身につけた知識や学問は、一時は切り抜けられるが、すぐにぼろを出すことをいう。
〔類〕付け焼き刃は剥(は)げ易(やす)い/メッキは剥げる
〔会〕「さてさて、にわか勉強でなんとかこの場はしのげたけれど。ほんとうのことを言うと、おれは機械には弱いんだ」「困ったやつだ。付け焼き刃はなまり易(やす)いっていうぜ。ぼろの出ないうちに白状することだな」

Another writeup noting the temporary effectiveness (of cramming, for example)...
https://www.fleapedia.com/五十音インデックス/つ/付け焼き刃は剥げやすいとは何か/

http://www.jlogos.com/d005/5551734.html
原料も鍛えも粗末な鈍刀に鋼の焼き刃をつけたしても、すぐに切れ味が悪くなる。にわか仕込みの知識や技術など、一時のごまかしはぼろが出るというたとえ。
【同義語】付け焼き刃は剥げ易い。


https://jp.quora.com/付け焼き刃は剥げやすい-落語のまくらによく使われ
鈍刀に焼き刃を付け足したのが付け焼き刃です。当然付け足しただけなので剥が
れやすい。本来なら鍛え直して研ぎ直して修復しなくてはならないところをその時間がないので応急措置として刃を付加しただけですませたものです。
転じて一時の間に合わせとか間に合わせの知識のことを指すようになりました。
  Comments:
I'm sure the glosses will need more massaging.

I don't know a lot about swords, but I don't think that tempering makes them look any sharper... (so I looked into this)

daijs: 切れない刀にはがねの焼き刃をつけ足したもの

kokugos explain that a *separate* sharpened steel blade is attached to a dull and/or chipped sword as an emergency measure (and not, as I had surmised from the old gloss, as some sort of sneaky fraud).  The 付け焼刃 is the accessory blade (はがねの焼け刃), not the sword at all. The cheap steel does not have the ruggedness of the original blade, and while it may work for a short bit in battle, it will dull and/or fail(peel off entirely) in short order.

Not so much that the stop-gap is completely ineffective, more-so that its limited effect is short-lived. See the very good imidas description, for example:
一時は切り抜けられるが、すぐにぼろを出すことをいう。

See these related kotowaza (might be worth adding the first one):
A tukeyakiba is easily pealed (off)  (this expression confirms the kokukos that explain that an additional steel blade has been attached)
付け焼き刃は剥げやすい plenty on twitter (付け焼き刃は剥げ易い) (a few on twitter with 易い)
A tukeyakiba is easily dulled
付け焼き刃はなまり易い つけやきばはなまりやすい (on twitter, less common than the other expression)

Internet suggests some overlap between this term and 一夜漬け. (I would say that 付け焼刃 is the result of 一夜漬け )。In fact, check out this grouped gloss:
https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/9567/meaning/m0u/
付け焼き刃/一夜漬け の解説 - 小学館 類語例解辞典
一時の間に合わせに、急いで覚えたり身につけたりすること。
英語表現 overnight knowledge

Good, recent twitter example on TOEIC prep (english exam) "付け焼刃の対策では全然ダメでした"
先日のTOEIC 結果発表
やはり試験前日の付け焼刃の対策では全然ダメでした。急いで解く試験苦手。
学生時代から点数伸びとらん😅
https://twitter.com/st_ry10/status/1625362013970116609

With pictures.  Owner of a dead video game console buys a garrish neon replacement as a stopgap, but comes to like it:
3年ほど連れ添ったjoyconくんが死亡したので付け焼刃的にネオンカラー買ったけど、案外悪ない組み合わせじゃん🙌
https://twitter.com/24yan_poid/status/1626779898714136576
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -25 +26,3 @@
-<gloss>knowledge or skill learned as a stopgap</gloss>
+<gloss>stopgap (measure)</gloss>
+<gloss>superficial (e.g. knowledge)</gloss>
+<gloss>knowledge or skill learned as a stopgap (e.g. from cramming)</gloss>
@@ -30 +33 @@
-<gloss>re-tempering a dull sword (so that it looks as if it's sharp, but is actually unusable)</gloss>
+<gloss>a tempered steel blade affixed to a dull or chipped sword ( which may serve in an emergency, but will quickly fail )</gloss>
7. A 2022-08-21 08:00:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2022-08-20 20:07:24  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 付け焼刃  │ 39,677 │ 60.9% │ 🡠    (oukoku, jitsuyou)
│ 付け焼き刃 │ 23,354 │ 35.9% │ 🡠    (daijr/s, shinmeikai, meikyo, oukoku, iwakoku, gg5)
│ 付焼刃   │    958 │  1.5% │ 🡠 sK (koj)
│ 付焼き刃  │    244 │  0.4% │ 🡠 sK
│ つけやきば │    901 │  1.4% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<keb>付焼き刃</keb>
+<keb>付焼刃</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14 +15,2 @@
-<keb>付焼刃</keb>
+<keb>付焼き刃</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
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