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jmdict 2846950 Active (id: 2083579)
菓子札
【かしふだ】

[n] {hanafuda}
《菓子 is an ateji "pun" on 貸し》
▶ card (oft. featuring illustrations of sweets) used to represent money when gambling

History:

A 2020-10-07 08:30:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>

A* 2020-10-07 02:15:01 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>

Refs:

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/八八#用語
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rp9h-tkhs/hachihachi.htm "菓子札	支払いが所持金を上回ったときの借金の証文。菓子は貸しの洒落。"

mentioned in this 1918 book:
https://books.google.co.jp/books?
id=aqVFAQAAMAAJ&q=%22%E8%8F%93%E5%AD%90%E6%9C%AD%22+%E8%8A%B1%E6%9C%AD&dq=%22%E8%8F%93%E5%AD%90%E6%9C%AD%22+%E8%8A%B1%E6%9C%
AD&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifi6zSs6HsAhWU-mEKHRJRDvUQ6AEwAXoECAAQAg

nothing in the ngrams, but I've seen this written out on plenty of 菓子札 that came in old (Showa) 88 sets 
Here's some examples of what the cards could like like in (prob) the Meiji period: 
https://twitter.com/pieinthesky4/status/950972260545736704 
here's some Showa-ish ones: (the ones with　十菓子, 五十、百 written on them)
https://aucview.aucfan.com/yahoo/w81856914/

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