<entry id="2271321" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>1199390</ent_seq>
<k_ele>
<keb>回忌</keb>
<ke_pri>news1</ke_pri>
<ke_pri>nf20</ke_pri>
</k_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>かいき</reb>
<re_pri>news1</re_pri>
<re_pri>nf20</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<xref type="see" seq="1814080">三回忌</xref>
<field>&Buddh;</field>
<misc>&abbr;</misc>
<s_inf>abbr. of 年回忌</s_inf>
<gloss>death anniversary</gloss>
<gloss>anniversary of a person's death</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2015-01-05 21:55:18" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>koj, daij</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -15,0 +16,2 @@
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;abbr. of 年回忌&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-01-05 22:04:01" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>primarily a suffix/counter</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>prog, shinmeikai, etc.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;n-suf;&lt;/pos&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-01-13 12:00:18" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-05-31 09:27:00" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Brian Krznarich</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Sorry for all the ngrams, I thought it important to show the pattern of how 回忌 and 周忌 are applied in practice to different years (in particular, 周忌 is really only for year 1). 

Specifying 3rd,7th,..., while verbose, is particularly useful because one should not try to translate arbitrary years into Japanese this way. (Technically it keeps going, 50, 100, 150...)

Other than providing information, I wouldn't consider this jmdictdb's problem, but it seems to me that translating 三回忌 as "second anniversary of death" might, in some cases, be an act of cultural insensitivity.  The numbers themselves (3,7,13...) have spiritual meaning, so just transforming them to (2,6,12...) is probably not always the correct thing to do. (Fine if communicating a calendar date, not fine if announcing a spiritual leader's "49th anniversary memorial"). 

I'm not sure I've ever accused daijs of being flat-out wrong, but that would appear to be the case here, as they appear to treat 回忌 and 周忌 as synonyms. It's evident already in the current jmdictdb definitions (except for the probably-erroneous 三周忌 and 一回忌).
三回忌	さんかいき	second anniversary of a death
七回忌	しちかいき	sixth anniversary of a death
十三回忌	じゅうさんかいき	12th anniversary of one's death
十七回忌	じゅうしちかいき	16th anniversary of one's death
三十三回忌	さんじゅうさんかいき	32nd anniversary of death
一周忌	いっしゅうき	first anniversary of a person's death
Problematic entries:
一回忌	いっかいき	first death anniversary         &lt;- this would have to be the funeral itself, if used "correctly"
三周忌	さんしゅうき	second anniversary of a death　　&lt;- this mirrors daijs, but seems wrong.  This should *actually* be the third anniversary, mirroring 一周忌. 

「年回忌」の略　 comes straight out of daijs.  I'm not sure it's true in the first place, but in any case it seems unnecessary. 年回忌 is quite rare by comparison, and the note provides minimal information in understanding the term(and adds confusion with the off-by-one eastern/western year-counting issue)
年回忌	1789	0.7%

====

For the additional English gloss, it's a favor for J-&gt;E translators.
comp: "his third death anniversary", "the third anniversary of his death" (I know which one I prefer...)</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://www.hanaimo.com/journal/%E4%BB%8A%E3%81%95%E3%82%89%E8%81%9E%E3%81%84%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%81%86%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%91%A8%E5%BF%8C%E3%82%84%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%9E%E5%BF%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%81%82%E3%81%AB%EF%BC%9F/
今さら聞いちゃう「一周忌や三回忌ってなあに？」
一周忌（一回忌）＝満1年目 
三回忌＝満2年目 
七回忌＝満6年目 
十三回忌＝満12年目 
十七回忌＝満16年目 
二十三回忌＝満22年目 
二十七回忌＝満27年目 
三十三回忌＝満32年目 

=========
https://www.eranda.jp/column/14283

Exactly the same info:
年忌法要は、1周忌の次は3回忌、3回忌の次は7回忌、7回忌の次は13回忌、その後は17回忌、23回忌、27回忌、33回忌、50回忌があります。
=======
Commentary on Japanese natives being confused by these related-but-distinct terms:
間違いやすい「周忌」と「回忌」
http://www.izuminomori.co.jp/blog/zhou-zhao-and-zhao-zhao
よく「二年目の命日なのに、なぜ三回忌っていうの？」という質問を受けます。「周忌」は亡くなってからの年を示しますので、もし二年目のご命日を表すのに周忌は使うなら、「二周忌」が正解です。対して、「回忌」は忌日の回数を表し、ご命日その日が「一回忌」となります。なので、一周忌＝二回忌　二周忌＝三回忌　となるわけです。

===

一回忌	5109	2.1% &lt;-- rare/incorrect, native Japanese confusion with 一周忌.  一回忌 *should* be the day the person actually died(or perhaps the funeral celebration).
二回忌	351	0.1% 
三回忌	60463	25.3% &lt;-- The first big event
四回忌	342	0.1%
五回忌	1116	0.5%
六回忌	125	0.1%
七回忌	30024	12.5%. &lt;--The second big event (year 7)
十回忌	4580	1.9%. &lt;-- Then year 10
十二回忌	57	0.0%  &lt;--nonexistent example, year 12
十三回忌	18658	7.8%. &lt;-- Then year 13
三十二回忌	0	0.0%　&lt;-- nonexistent
三十三回忌	6031	2.5% &lt;-- Then year 33
五十回忌	3925	1.6%
一周忌	103059	43.1%. &lt;--- 周忌 used principally for year one
二周忌	425	0.2%
三周忌	2280	1.0% &lt;--- used out of confusion by natives who don't understand the difference between 回忌 and 周忌
四周忌	50	0.0% &lt;--- here down, never used again
五周忌	194	0.1%
六周忌	0	0.0%
七周忌	303	0.1%
十周忌	318	0.1%
十三周忌	68	0.0%
三十三周忌	36	0.0%
五十周忌	51	

https://mbtchicago.org/aar-memorial-numbers/
As for the way of counting, most Eastern cultures start counting 1 when the event occurs. That is, a baby is 1 year old at birth (so no one is 0 years old) and goes from there.
For the memorial counting, the date of death is 1, and the years count up from there. Therefore, one year after the death marks the 1st anniversary of the death—or by Eastern counting, the 2nd year. Two years after the death is when the 3rd-year service is held; it represents the “third time.”

=====
Another note on Japanese confusion
一周忌とは？一回忌との違い
https://www.yoriso.com/sogi/article/isshuki/
従って一回忌とは命日の事を指し、一周忌は二回忌であるとも言えるのです。
その為三回忌は満2年後の3回目の忌日に行われる法要なので、忌日を知ればと言葉の意味を理解しやすくなります。

========
Example sentences (at bottom) contain lots of n-1 examples of anniversaries (7回= sixth, etc.)
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%9E%E5%BF%8C</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1163200"&gt;一周忌&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;field&gt;&amp;Buddh;&lt;/field&gt;
@@ -18 +20 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;abbr. of 年回忌&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;三回忌 is observed two years after death, 七回忌 six years after, etc. The 3rd, 7th, 13th, 17th, 23rd, 27th and 33rd are traditionally observed. For the first year after death, see instead 一周忌&lt;/s_inf&gt;
@@ -19,0 +22 @@
+&lt;gloss&gt;anniversary of a person's death&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-06-06 06:17:16" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>Koj and Daijirin also say it's from 年回忌. I think that can stay.
I don't think this entry is the place for a long usage explanation. I'm suggesting an xref to show how it is used.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -17 +17 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="1163200"&gt;一周忌&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1814080"&gt;三回忌&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -20 +20 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;三回忌 is observed two years after death, 七回忌 six years after, etc. The 3rd, 7th, 13th, 17th, 23rd, 27th and 33rd are traditionally observed. For the first year after death, see instead 一周忌&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;abbr. of 年回忌&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-06-09 07:20:55" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Closing</upd_detl>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>