<entry id="2222232" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>1213190</ent_seq>
<k_ele>
<keb>漢字文化圏</keb>
</k_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>かんじぶんかけん</reb>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<gloss>Chinese-character cultural sphere</gloss>
<gloss>Sinosphere</gloss>
<gloss>countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2020-05-26 23:24:35" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Nicolas Maia</upd_name>
<upd_detl>Sinosphere is a broader term but sometimes can be conflated to this sense.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sinosphere#Translations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosphere</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+&lt;gloss&gt;Sinosphere&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-27 02:43:21" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>The scope of 漢字文化圏 and "Sinosphere" may coincide, but the terms do not mean the same thing. If we had an entry that actually means "Sinosphere" we could xref to it.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>Wiki (Sinosphere): "The East Asian cultural sphere, or the Sinosphere, consists of nations in East and Southeast Asia that were historically influenced by the Chinese culture, including literary traditions and religions."</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;Sinosphere&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-27 13:37:54" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I think we can improve the gloss.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>gg5
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;countries which use Chinese characters&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;kanji cultural sphere&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;countries where kanji are used or were historically used&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-27 21:15:08" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-27 21:54:47" stat="A">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>On second thought, we shouldn't use "kanji" when referring to languages other than Japanese.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -13 +13 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;countries where kanji are used or were historically used&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-02-18 20:58:44" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>GG5 has "kanji cultural sphere" but I think the point I made about the word "kanji" applies to this gloss as well.
I think "Sinosphere" is OK as a secondary gloss.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere
"The East Asian cultural sphere, also known as the Sinosphere [...] or the Chinese character sphere"
"The East Asian cultural sphere is made up of several countries and territories: China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Vietnam."
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F
"漢字文化圏とは、「文化圏」概念の一つ。漢字に代表される漢文化（中国文化）を使用しているか、過去に使用していた地域のことであり、漢字の他に漢文や儒教、大乗仏教などに由来する文化を共有している。"</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;kanji cultural sphere&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;Chinese-character cultural sphere&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;Sinosphere&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-02-18 22:52:03" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_diff>@@ -14 +14 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;countries where Chinese characters are or were historically used&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-02-19 01:09:56" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-02-19 01:48:31" stat="A">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I don't think that's an improvement. It's harder to read.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -14 +14 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;countries where Chinese characters are or were historically used&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-02-19 22:16:15" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_detl>Is it really?
"are x or were x" looks a bit inelegant to me. See also the ngrams referenced.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=are+or+were+used,+are+used+or+were+used&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2019&amp;corpus=en-2019&amp;smoothing=3</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-02-19 22:43:29" stat="A">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>It's not "are X or were X" but rather "are X or were [adverb] X". If you insert an adverb into an "are or were X" construction, the adverb is not bound to "were".
The difference is more obvious if you substitute "historically" with "commonly": "countries where Chinese characters are or were commonly used". In this sentence, "commonly" clearly applies to both "are" and "were".</upd_detl>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>