JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 2083990 Active (id: 2216748)
<entry id="2216748" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>2083990</ent_seq>
<r_ele>
<reb>ならない</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>ならぬ</reb>
<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>ならん</reb>
<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>なりません</reb>
<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&exp;</pos>
<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
<s_inf>as ...てならない</s_inf>
<gloss>cannot help (feeling)</gloss>
<gloss>unbearably</gloss>
<gloss>awfully</gloss>
<gloss>irresistibly</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&exp;</pos>
<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
<s_inf>as ...てはならない</s_inf>
<gloss>must not ...</gloss>
<gloss>should not ...</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&exp;</pos>
<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
<s_inf>as ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, ...ねばならない, etc.</s_inf>
<gloss>must ...</gloss>
<gloss>have to ...</gloss>
<gloss>ought to ...</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&exp;</pos>
<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
<gloss>cannot</gloss>
<gloss>unable to</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&exp;</pos>
<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
<misc>&dated;</misc>
<s_inf>as ...ではならない</s_inf>
<gloss>not</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2006-06-04 00:00:00" stat="A">
<upd_detl>Entry created</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2011-01-27 02:27:42" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Hendrik</upd_name>
<upd_detl>No change to this ED entry, just to let you know that "Text Glossing" offers a 
different (incomplete) definition, which is in most cases unhelpful:
ならない (exp) cannot help ..ing; irresistibly; unbearably; KD
Can the ED entry be given preference before the KD entry?</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2011-01-27 11:30:25" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I have aligned the KD entry.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2011-10-20 06:30:33" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>opening for consideration</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>"amendment" to this entry submitted as new entry 2664020:

"I don't know all the details, but the old meaning of "cannot help (doing, etc.)" couldn't be verified by a native speaker.
I think the definition of "でならない" may also need to be looked at."</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2011-10-20 10:03:18" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Quite difficult to summarize succinctly.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>GG5, 新和英中辞典, ルミナス, Daijr</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. ...てならない or ...でならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
@@ -19,4 +20,10 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;must not do&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;bad&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;wrong&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;not good&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. ...てはならない or ...ではならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;must not ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;should not ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;exp;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;often neg. て-form + ならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;must ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;have to ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;ought to ....&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2011-10-31 03:17:34" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>also ならん and なりません.  additional forms for sense 3.  i'm not sure i like the adverb glosses in sense 1</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>meikyo</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -10,0 +10,6 @@
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;ならん&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なりません&lt;/reb&gt;
@@ -26,1 +32,1 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;often neg. て-form + ならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, or ...ねばならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2011-11-01 10:04:07" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Fair enough</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -21,2 +21,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;irresistibly&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;unbearably&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;cannot resist&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;cannot bear not to&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-11-14 15:32:55" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Johan Råde</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>reordered
added ならざる
removed なりません (seems unnecessary)</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>From a short story by 和重阿部:
就寝が遅くならざるを得ぬ暮らしをずっと続けている
Here I think ならざる is a literary form of ならない.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+&lt;reb&gt;ならん&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
@@ -12,4 +15 @@
-&lt;reb&gt;ならん&lt;/reb&gt;
-&lt;/r_ele&gt;
-&lt;r_ele&gt;
-&lt;reb&gt;なりません&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;ならざる&lt;/reb&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-11-16 07:48:28" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Johan Råde</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Maybe this is not needed.
When I suggested this, I had not yet realized that
ざるを得ない / ざるを得ぬ
is a standard phrase.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-12-01 05:42:13" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>kept the reordering and restored なりません for now.  i agree that the ZARU form is unnecessary</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -15 +15 @@
-&lt;reb&gt;ならざる&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なりません&lt;/reb&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-12-01 05:44:23" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>the ~ない inflects as an i-adjective.  the others clearly do not. should be split?</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-12-09 00:02:13" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Re the POS, I think the point can be stretched here and the "adj-i" omitted. Splitting seems overkill.
As for なりません, I have problems with it being here as it's often just なる negated, but in text glossing it gets matched with this entry. Here it is mainly associated with sense 3, but なければなりません, etc. is already an entry.
Perhaps an "also なりません" somewhere?</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>G n-grams:
ならない	41782162
ならん	2486657
ならぬ	2711492
なりません	10102502</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -9 +9 @@
-&lt;reb&gt;ならん&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;ならぬ&lt;/reb&gt;
@@ -12 +12 @@
-&lt;reb&gt;ならぬ&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;ならん&lt;/reb&gt;
@@ -31,0 +32,2 @@
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1632350"&gt;なければならない&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1632350"&gt;なければならない&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2016-04-20 05:14:02" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I keep looking at this entry and wondering why it is here at all. Apart from (possibly) ならん, all the headwords are just inflections of なる, and it's rather misleading to have them in an entry or entries where they are something else.
I suspect the best thing is to create entries for てはならない and ではならない (the rest of the "usu. ..." are entries already) and drop this one entirely.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>Google n-grams:
てならない	519923  *
でならない	161387  *
てはならない	4713321
ではならない	53306
なくてはならない	2305618   *
なければならない	15755700   *
ねばならない	1511774   *
* = already an entry.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -34 +33,0 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="1632350"&gt;なければならない&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2016-09-12 01:21:31" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>This entry has been open for over 10 months, and the last comment was 5 months ago, so I'll close it for now.
I was wondering why we have it - I guess its main use is for beginners to look up something like ならん or ならぬ and see they are equivalent to ならない/なりません. Harmless, really.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-02-25 04:19:04" stat="A">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_diff>@@ -36 +36 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;ought to ....&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;ought to ...&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-12-20 08:25:26" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Kyle Ong</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>added definition</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/#je-56678</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -36,0 +37,6 @@
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;exp;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;can't&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;cannot&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;to be unable to&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-12-20 10:52:33" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Not a verb.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -42 +42 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;to be unable to&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;unable to&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-12-20 13:36:50" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I don't think なりません belongs here.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-12-21 23:15:21" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I agree. I sort-of suggested dropping it in 2015.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -13,3 +12,0 @@
-&lt;/r_ele&gt;
-&lt;r_ele&gt;
-&lt;reb&gt;なりません&lt;/reb&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-12-23 00:01:07" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Added sense.
I suggest making ならぬ and ならん (and なりません) search-only so that we can add adj-i tags. ならなかった should be searchable.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>daij, meikyo, DIJG</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+&lt;re_inf&gt;&amp;sk;&lt;/re_inf&gt;
@@ -12,0 +14,5 @@
+&lt;re_inf&gt;&amp;sk;&lt;/re_inf&gt;
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なりません&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;re_inf&gt;&amp;sk;&lt;/re_inf&gt;
@@ -16,4 +22,6 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. ...てならない or ...でならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;cannot help (doing, etc.)&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;cannot resist&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;cannot bear not to&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;adj-i;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;as ...てならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;cannot help (feeling)&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;unbearably&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;awfully&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;irresistibly&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -23 +31,2 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. ...てはならない or ...ではならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;adj-i;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;as ...てはならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
@@ -29,2 +38,2 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="1632350"&gt;なければならない&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, or ...ねばならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;adj-i;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;as ...なくてはならない, ...なければならない, ...ねばならない, etc.&lt;/s_inf&gt;
@@ -37 +46 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;can't&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;adj-i;&lt;/pos&gt;
@@ -39,0 +49,7 @@
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;exp;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;adj-i;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;dated;&lt;/misc&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;as ...ではならない&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;not&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-12-23 06:03:03" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Probably safe. The count for なりません will include false positives.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>ならない	41782162	73.2%
ならぬ	2711492	4.8%
ならん	2486657	4.4%
なりません	10102502	17.7%</upd_refs>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>
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