<entry id="2197381" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>1449280</ent_seq>
<k_ele>
<keb>当用漢字</keb>
</k_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>とうようかんじ</reb>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<xref type="see" seq="1356150">常用漢字</xref>
<gloss>tōyō kanji</gloss>
<gloss g_type="expl">list of 1,850 kanji approved for general use in 1946, superseded by the jōyō kanji in 1981</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2022-07-16 18:07:49" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_refs>Clarke, H. (2009). Language. In Y. Sugimoto (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Modern Japanese Culture (Cambridge Companions to Culture, pp. 56-75). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521880473.004</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -13 +13 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;daily-use kanji (superseded in 1981)&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;Chinese characters for interim use (superseded in 1981)&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-07-17 00:31:14" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Hugh Clarke may well have a good reason for describing the 当用漢字 that way in the book chapter, but it's not the usual description. We usually use "kanji" in the glosses of compounds containing 漢字.
(I know Yoshio Sugimoto and many of the contributors to that book.)</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -13 +13,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;Chinese characters for interim use (superseded in 1981)&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;daily-use kanji (superseded in 1981)&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;tōyō kanji&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-07-17 20:23:11" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I think we should give some more detail.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;daily-use kanji (superseded in 1981)&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -14,0 +14 @@
+&lt;gloss g_type="expl"&gt;list of 1,850 kanji approved for general use in 1946 (superseded by the jōyō kanji in 1981)&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-07-17 21:46:46" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-07-18 19:41:56" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_detl>Re: Chinese characters for interim use

Please reconsider whether the "usual description" is actually faithful to the historical intention of the term.

"Under the Allied Occupation, measures were introduced to limit to 1850 the number of Sino-Japanese characters (kanji) to be used in official documents and newspapers and to be taught in the nine years of compulsory education. These were called Tōyō kanji (Characters for Interim Use); the inference behind the term being that this was to be a first step towards further reduction in the number of kanji and possibly the eventual adoption of a phonetic script for Japanese. 20 

Footnote 20: Seeley translates the term as 'characters for current use', but endorses the interpretation given here (2000: 158)."</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>Ibid., 68.</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-07-18 23:09:51" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Certainly the script reformers who (briefly) held sway in Japan in the late 1940s intended that the 1,850 kanji should be eventually reduced, and this was probably behind their use of 当用 with its "necessary for the current time" nuance. In fact, that meaning of the term never took hold and by the 1950s it was being described as "general use", etc. (e.g. Sakade, 1959) I don't think it's appropriate, over half a century later, to try and retrofit historical and political perspectives into a simple dictionary gloss.
The history of script reform in Japan is an interesting one. For people following this thread I recommend:
Christopher Seeley: A History of Writing in Japan  (2000)
Nanette Gottlieb: Kanji Politics (1995)
Jim Unger: Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan (1996)</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-07-19 21:56:18" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_detl>Aligned format of tōyō- and jōyō kanji entries for better readability.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -14 +14 @@
-&lt;gloss g_type="expl"&gt;list of 1,850 kanji approved for general use in 1946 (superseded by the jōyō kanji in 1981)&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss g_type="expl"&gt;list of 1,850 kanji approved for general use in 1946, superseded by the jōyō kanji in 1981&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-07-20 01:15:09" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_diff>@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1356150"&gt;常用漢字&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>