jmdict
1015580
Active
(id:
2176232)
<entry id="2176232" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>1015580</ent_seq>
<r_ele>
<reb>アゲンスト</reb>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>アゲインスト</reb>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>アゲィンスト</reb>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
<xref type="see" seq="1015590">アゲンストウインド</xref>
<misc>&abbr;</misc>
<gloss>head wind</gloss>
<gloss>adverse wind</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2014-05-15 22:09:59" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>richwarm</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Richard Warmington</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Add a note that it's derived from English word "against".</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>gg5
.
Often used in golf. Here's an example from the paragliding context:
それを利用して、通常航空機はアゲンストにて離発着が行われる。
http://para.sakyu.info/index.php?%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -11,2 +11,3 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
-<gloss>against</gloss>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>head wind</gloss>
+<gloss>adverse wind</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-15 23:06:06" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>Koj: "アゲンスト‐ウィンドの略" & "「…に反対の」「…に逆らった」の意"
Daijr: "反対して。逆らって。" as sense 1.
GG5, etc. only have the wind meaning
Ngrams: アゲインスト about 50% of アゲンスト.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<reb>アゲインスト</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -11,0 +15,4 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1015590">アゲンストウインド</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1015590">アゲンストウインド</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
@@ -14,0 +22,4 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<gloss>against</gloss>
+</sense></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-15 23:26:38" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>richwarm</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Richard Warmington</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>My reading of the Kojien definition is that "「…に反対の」「…に逆らった」の意" is there by way of explaining how アゲンスト came to mean "head wind".
.
I can find examples like
アゲンスト・ザ・デーモン・クイーン
ライズ アゲンスト(Rise Against)
ユース・アゲンスト・ファシズム
where アゲンスト is used in titles etc., but in these examples, it is really a transliterated English preposition, rather than a Japanese "adv" as proposed.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-15 23:36:02" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I agree about the 広辞苑 comment; it was the 大辞林 sense that tipped me towards adding it as a gloss. I have an old edition of 大辞林 which lacks that sense, but it appears in the online 3rd edition. 大辞泉 is virtually identical to 広辞苑 on this.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-15 23:50:04" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>richwarm</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Richard Warmington</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I think "against" is ok as a second sense, but it should be labelled as a "preposition", don't you think?</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-16 08:01:07" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>prepositions don't really exist in japanese, so that won't work. but i don't really see it modifying any verbs or adjectives, so perhaps adj-f?</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>gakken katakana
アゲンスト [against]
❶～に反対の．
❷ アゲンスト・ウインド．
アゲインストとも．</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -22 +22 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-16 12:08:12" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-16 12:30:26" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>richwarm</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Richard Warmington</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>アゲンスト is used in transliterated English, as in my examples above, and in other phrases like レイス・アゲンスト・ザ・マシーン etc.
Consider ザ in that last title. It's used to transliterate the definite article "the".
ルミナス和英辞典 says
ザ(英語の定冠詞から) the, za.
EDICT says
ザ [1][n] the
But it's *not* a noun, and I haven't seen examples of アゲンスト where it isn't either
- a noun (head wind), or
- the transliteration of the English preposition "against".
.
If EDICT is to document words like ザ and アゲンスト (in its prepositional usage), I don't think they should be labelled with Japanese parts of speech. I mean, ザ simply isn't a noun, and I'm not sure that アゲンスト is an adj-f.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-16 13:09:01" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>richwarm</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Richard Warmington</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>If アゲンスト is to be labelled as an adj-f, meaning ～に反対の, wouldn't it make more sense for the gloss to be a word that can be used adjectivally (such as "opposing"), rather than a preposition like "against"? You could still have a note to say that アゲンスト is *derived* from "against". But it can't actually *mean* "against" if it's an adj-i, right?
.
But again, I'd like to see examples where アゲンスト has that meaning (～に反対の).</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-16 13:11:20" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>richwarm</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Richard Warmington</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I meant "adj-f", not "adj-i", of course.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-16 23:36:58" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Once we get away from the cases where it's neither an opposing wind nor a simple transliteration, it appears to be a synonym for 反対.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>http://www.47news.jp/47topics/daitenkan/12-3.html (「この議案にはアゲンスト（反対）」。)
http://www.forexwatcher.com/techterm.htm (「アゲンストを食らってしまった」)
http://www.daiwair.co.jp/topics-old.cgi?filename=20050121&num=257
http://jp.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idJPL3N0NY6NO20140512 (外部環境がアゲンストな状況で売りが先行。)
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/yuugi1955/20131113/1384304539 (アゲンストなコンセプト)</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -22,2 +22,6 @@
-<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
-<gloss>against</gloss>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<lsource xml:lang="eng">against</lsource>
+<gloss>opposition</gloss>
+<gloss>objection</gloss>
+<gloss>dissension</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-17 12:26:11" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>richwarm</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Richard Warmington</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>Thanks for that, Jim. That's very interesting.
I looked for some more, and found some examples like
- 終電だったこともあるしね、たまたま使わない路線での出来事だったという貴方にとってはアゲンストな条件が揃ってしまったよね。
- ですので私は、特定秘密保護法案というものに対しては、現在の形のままなら、アゲンストな立場です。
So wouldn't some adjectival glosses be in order" Perhaps
adverse
unfavorable
opposed
?</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-05-31 19:22:03" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>adj senses can probably be figured out from the nouns, no?</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-01-24 07:26:31" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Splitting for lsrc reasons.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -20,8 +19,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
-<lsource xml:lang="eng">against</lsource>
-<gloss>opposition</gloss>
-<gloss>objection</gloss>
-<gloss>dissension</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-01-25 11:41:25" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Why split? They both come from "against".</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-01-25 20:48:08" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I felt this was a bit different as it's from the アゲンストウインド wasei rather than just "against".</upd_detl>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>