jmdict
1216560
Active
(id:
2168033)
<entry id="2168033" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>1216560</ent_seq>
<k_ele>
<keb>丸太</keb>
<ke_pri>news1</ke_pri>
<ke_pri>nf18</ke_pri>
</k_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>まるた</reb>
<re_pri>news1</re_pri>
<re_pri>nf18</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>マルタ</reb>
<re_nokanji/>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<gloss>log</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<gloss>dace (Tribolodon hakonensis)</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<xref type="see" seq="2849424">七三一部隊</xref>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<misc>&hist;</misc>
<misc>&sens;</misc>
<gloss>test subject (of human experiments performed by Unit 731 during WWII)</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<misc>&derog;</misc>
<misc>&arch;</misc>
<gloss>prostitute dressed as a Buddhist nun</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2021-06-07 05:43:05" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Is this too obscure/specific to a certain time/place to add here?</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>中学生の満州敗戦日記 p. 139 says the test subjects of Unit 731 were called by this word
mentioned here also:
"A special project code-named Maruta used human beings for experiments. Test subjects were gathered from the surrounding population and were
sometimes euphemistically referred to as "logs" (丸太, maruta), used in such contexts as "How many logs fell?". This term originated as a joke on
the part of the staff because the official cover story for the facility given to the local authorities was that it was a lumber mill. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731
apparently a character named "Maruta" in an anime became a controversy in China and Korea because of this connection:
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/shinoharashuji/20200204-00161706/
『僕のヒーローアカデミア』の丸太炎上事件は違法アップロードからって本当？→調べたら中国で大炎上してた
"『週刊少年ジャンプ』で連載中の漫画『僕のヒーローアカデミア』が、韓国や中国を中心に炎上しています。 ...
2月3日に発売された『週刊少年ジャンプ』10号の『僕のヒーローアカデミア』259話に登場した人物の名前「志賀丸太」が、旧日本軍の731部隊を連想させるとして韓国や中国で炎
上状態となりました。"
https://webronza.asahi.com/national/articles/2020021000006.html
「丸太」の何が問題なのか
...では、何が問題であるかというと、かつて旧日本軍の研究機関である731部隊は、捕虜などを人体実験に利用していたが、その人体実験の被検体を731部隊は「マルタ」という
隠語で呼んでおり、氏子達磨の本名である「志賀丸太」という名前は、このマルタとの関連を強く想起させるとして、批判されたのである。</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-06-07 07:19:42" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I think it's a bit too far here, but it could be an extra "character" sense in the 丸太 entry in the names dictionary.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>GG5</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -17,0 +18,4 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>dace (Tribolodon hakonensis)</gloss>
+</sense></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-10 01:44:09" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I think having it like this could work, maybe?</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -21,0 +22,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<misc>&sens;</misc>
+<gloss>test subject (of human experiments performed by Unit 731 during WWII)</gloss>
+</sense></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-10 03:02:38" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I don't think it's the sort of thing we'd usually include in jmdict. It was a code word used in one facility for a short period of time. It doesn't appear in writing (except in modern-day explanations of the term). It's also obscure - very few people have heard of it.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-11 02:29:57" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>It's one meaning of the word that has recently received media attention in China and Korea (and as a result of this coverage,
also in Japan). I think it'd be remiss to not mention it here. It's obscure in the sense that the average Japanese person won't
be aware of this meaning, yes, but it's obviously not at all obscure in a historical sense.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>sense 4: daijs and nikk. nikk's 語源 note is interesting and is quite similar to sense 3: (頭の丸いことから①を連想し、転びやすい
ことを掛けて) (which is similar to NHK's explanation for sense 3, that the prisoners were bald)
sense 3:
nipp: 七三一部隊
七三一部隊に送り込まれた捕虜は中国人、ロシア人をはじめモンゴル人、朝鮮人、少数のアングロ・サクソン系白人で、女性、子供も含まれていた。彼ら
はマルタ（丸太）とよばれ、1000種類以上の生体実験、あらゆる生体解剖に使用された。「マルタ」は2日に3体の割で「消費」され、1939～1945年だけ
で3000人以上が犠牲になったという。
https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/70626
731部隊は満洲北部の平房（現在の黒龍江省哈爾濱〈ハルビン〉市平房区）という寒村に、一大細菌・生物戦施設を設け、捕虜とした中国人やロシア人約
3000人を「マルタ」と称し、文字通り「丸太」のごとく非人道的な扱いをしながら、ペスト菌やコレラ菌など細菌の感染実験、生体解剖を重ねていた。
https://www.nhk.or.jp/special/plus/articles/20170915/index.html
囚人は頭を丸坊主に刈られ、「マルタ」と呼ばれていたという。
「杭を打ってね、ずーっと杭を打って、そこにマルタをつないどくんです。実験の計画に沿って憲兵が連れて行って、“何番の杭に誰を縛る”とかっ
て、“つなぐ”とかっていう、やるわけね」（三角さん）
https://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/class/vuniv99/exp-lec4.html
中心になる建物は「ロ」の字型をしており、その内側に「マルタ」と呼ばれた被験者を閉じこめておく特設の監獄が二つ設けられていました。
https://www.courts.go.jp/app/files/hanrei_jp/795/005795_hanrei.pdf
ロ号棟の中庭には，最大４００名を収容できる特殊
監獄が建設され，ここに，日本の支配に抵抗し，あるいは抵抗したとみなされて捕
えられた中国人，ロシア人，朝鮮人，モンゴル人などが収容された。これらの人々
は「マルタ」（丸太）と呼ばれ，１本，２本と数えられた。
http://war-medicine-ethics.com/Seniken/Journal_contents.htm
「731部隊」―遁走時のマルタ及び施設の抹殺―「療養中」の731部隊兵士、40人も同時に殺害か―
https://mainichi.jp/articles/20181215/ddl/k26/070/466000c
ハバロフスク裁判では同氏を中心とする“凍傷実験”（マルタを無理に凍傷にさせる実験）が暴露されました。
https://mainichi.jp/articles/20201217/ddl/k36/040/405000c
現地で捕らえられた人々を「マルタ」と呼んで人為的に細菌に感染させ、生きたまま解剖する ...</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>マルタ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
@@ -19,0 +24 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -23,0 +29,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2849424">七三一部隊</xref>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -26,0 +34,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&derog;</misc>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>prostitute dressed as a Buddhist nun</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-11 11:04:53" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-11 21:36:49" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>It almost always appears in a form like "「マルタ」と呼ばれた", "「マルタ」と称した", etc., which are mentions (not uses) of the word - an important distinction. I don't think a word that
hasn't at any point been widely used for its meaning meets the criteria for inclusion.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-12 07:04:14" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I don't think the fact that the word is usually
introduced with an explanation is a strong
argument against including it here. When we're
talking about katakana versions of words in
English then yes, it can constitute evidence
that the English word is just being discussed in
the context of English language, not actually
used in Japanese, but I don't think that's very
convincing when we're talking about a word (or
sense) that is exclusively Japanese. I'd
similarly expect any obscure to semi-obscure
historical term to be explained/described in the
first instance its' used in most texts.
That said I might agree with you that there
wouldn't be a need to record this if it were
_just_ a slightly obscure historical term that
hadn't received any attention outside of
scholarly circles, but again, the fact that it's
recently received attention both in and outside
of Japan, in national press, that led to an
actual apology and a name change, means it's
something dictionaries from now on really should
be including.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://s.japanese.joins.com/JArticle/210811?
sectcode=400&servcode=400
日帝７３１部隊の「マルタ」、韓国出身犠牲者が初めて確
認 (headline in Jp-language edition of Korean
newspaper)
https://bunshun.jp/articles/-/48218?page=4
中国人捕虜「マルタ」への人体実験をしていた731部隊
https://hodanren.doc-
net.or.jp/inorinri2015/pdf/tuchiya.pdf
(article in the Keio Journal of Economics)
explained once, then used an additional 13 times
in the document (within 「」 quotes every time,
from it being sens I imagine (using at without
quotes would probably be offensive))
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASN273VPFN27UCVL0
07.html
「ヒロアカ」作者と集英社がお詫び 海外から抗議続く
...集英社は「事前に編集部が表現について十全な検討を
行うべきでした。深くお詫び申し上げます」としている。
また堀越さんは「読者のみなさんを傷つける意図は全くあ
りませんでした。心からお詫びいたします」と記した。
「志賀丸太」の名前は単行本収録時に変更するという。
re: the incident previously mentioned. It
apparently ended with the publisher issuing an
apology and changing the name of the character</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-12-07 05:47:50" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I think it's OK to keep.</upd_detl>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>