<entry id="2167230" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>2029110</ent_seq>
<r_ele>
<reb>な</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>なあ</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>なー</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>なぁ</reb>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<stagr>な</stagr>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb</s_inf>
<gloss>don't</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<stagr>な</stagr>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb</s_inf>
<gloss>do</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&int;</pos>
<s_inf>used to get someone's attention or press one's point</s_inf>
<gloss>hey</gloss>
<gloss>listen</gloss>
<gloss>look</gloss>
<gloss>say</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end</s_inf>
<gloss>now, ...</gloss>
<gloss>well, ...</gloss>
<gloss>I tell you!</gloss>
<gloss>you know</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end</s_inf>
<gloss>wow</gloss>
<gloss>ooh</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>used as a request for confirmation or agreement; used at sentence end</s_inf>
<dial>&ksb;</dial>
<gloss>right?</gloss>
<gloss>isn't it?</gloss>
<gloss>doesn't it?</gloss>
<gloss>don't you?</gloss>
<gloss>don't you think?</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2005-03-05 00:00:00" stat="A">
<upd_detl>Entry created</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-01-19 21:17:16" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>A first attempt to improve this entry. It probably needs 
some work, still, not least to add the various meanings it 
can have in ksb...</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>chujiten</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -10 +10,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;(sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;don't&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -14,3 +15,2 @@
-&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;
-&lt;s_inf&gt;from なさい&lt;/s_inf&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;(used with masu stem verb) command&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative; used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;do&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -20 +20,18 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;(used with dictionary form verb) prohibition&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;hey&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;listen&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;you&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;now&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;wow&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;o&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-01 02:52:18" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>What's happened to the former sense 1? It has an example sentence and there's an xref pointing to it.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -21 +21 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -34 +34 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-01 17:33:51" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Senses 4 and 5.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -20,2 +20,2 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -33,2 +33,2 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 09:19:24" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Having trouble seeing it. There are 200+ sentences for the former sense 1, e.g. 
「相変わらず短気だな」麗華の拳をいなしながら言う。"Short tempered as ever." He said while dodging Reika's fist. 
「金なら貸さないからな」、俺はにべもなく言った。"If it's money then I'm not lending any" I said point blank. 
I can't see then fitting senses 4 or 5, but they're fine for the old sense 1.
(Something odd going on with xrefs.)</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -20,2 +20 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -33,2 +31,0 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 17:08:19" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>But sense 1 was previously literally just 
"emotionality/emphasis". "emphasis" is in 
sense 4 and "emotionality" is in sense 5.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 18:30:51" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I just don't think it's helpful to translate a particle like this (perhaps with the exception of sense 1).
I don't associate "do" with imperative sentences and I think it's impossible to come up with translations for senses 4 and 5. I can't see how "now", "wow" and "o" would aid with translation or understanding.
Since we can't just have notes, I'd make [expl] glosses out of the notes.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -19 +19 @@
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;int;&lt;/pos&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 22:31:40" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK. I'll approve to lock in this order and fix examples, and then reopen. I've suggested some extra glosses for 4 which match what I'm seeing.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -28 +28,4 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;now&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;now, ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;well, ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;I tell you!&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;you know&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -34 +37 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;o&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;ooh&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 22:32:44" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Reopening.
In a forked edit Marcus commented:
I don't see how the [expl] glosses would be different from
the notes, though...? I mean, if they are notes on usage,
they should be in the notes. I've said it before on the
mailing list though; I think we should let through senses
which have notes but no gloss into the database.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-29 02:16:24" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>So to clarify my stance, I don't disagree with Robin that 
it's kind of dubious how helpful these glosses really are, 
but I prefer having them to moving what I think should 
obviously be usage notes to expl. I think we should try and 
be as consistent with our expl/note usage as possible.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-30 02:58:47" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK, let's close it for now.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-21 23:24:50" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Nicolas Maia</upd_name>
<upd_refs>https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2707/using-%E3%81%AA-in-positive-instead-of-negative-imperative-e-g-%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AA</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2192950"&gt;なさい&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-22 08:23:21" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Until 2018 there was a "from なさい" note,</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-22 14:05:50" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I don't think it should be tagged as abbr (and I don't think the xref to なさい is helpful).
daijr for example says 〔補助動詞「なさる」の命令の言い方「なさい」を省略したものから
なさい is the etymology, it's not right to say it's an actual abbreviation of it today.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-22 21:10:34" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I'd missed the addition of "abbr"; I agree it's not. I'd prefer a note about なさい, as there 
was earlier. Reinstate and remove xref?</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-19 23:09:55" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Well, I've implemented my suggestion from last month. OK?</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -15,2 +15 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2192950"&gt;なさい&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative; used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative (from なさい); used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-20 00:25:57" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Nicolas (forked comment): "I'm ok with Marcus's suggestion."
Please note that comments and amendments MUST be attached to the most recent addition. Attaching a comment to an earlier one creates a "fork" in the flow of amendments, which can only be resolved by rejecting a branch.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-20 11:24:08" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Nicolas Maia</upd_name>
<upd_detl>Just to be clear, I don't do it on purpose.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-20 16:12:58" stat="A">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Nicolas: No worries.
Jim: looks better.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-08-25 07:06:56" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_diff>@@ -15 +15 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative (from なさい); used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-10-30 08:03:24" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>suggest merging in なあ as it can be used for 3 out of 5 senses here.

adding one ksb sense also (though there's more), copied it from ね</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/44f25ca79e3a0c1195675b0c24c26bbb943f4fc1
なんかあっという間に終わったなあっていう、何も感じなかったっていうのが正直な感想。</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -7,0 +8,8 @@
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なあ&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;re_pri&gt;spec1&lt;/re_pri&gt;
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なー&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;re_pri&gt;spec1&lt;/re_pri&gt;
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
@@ -8,0 +17 @@
+&lt;stagr&gt;な&lt;/stagr&gt;
@@ -13,0 +23 @@
+&lt;stagr&gt;な&lt;/stagr&gt;
@@ -20,2 +29,0 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -38,0 +47,10 @@
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;at sentence end; used as a request for confirmation or agreement&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;dial&gt;&amp;ksb;&lt;/dial&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;right?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;isn't it?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;doesn't it?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;don't you?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;don't you think?&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-01 00:42:10" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/663842052fda2bba03b7dc8a247d5afad9653f97
"真面目だったなぁ。"</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なぁ&lt;/reb&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-01 09:39:44" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-01 10:50:59" stat="A">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>aligning w other senses
(but not sure which is best)</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -53 +53 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;at sentence end; used as a request for confirmation or agreement&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used as a request for confirmation or agreement; used at sentence end&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-12-02 01:14:36" stat="A">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>From deleted entry.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -32,0 +33 @@
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used to get someone's attention or press one's point&lt;/s_inf&gt;
@@ -35 +36,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;you&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;look&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;say&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>