<entry id="2100845" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>2835284</ent_seq>
<r_ele>
<reb>アル</reb>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&exp;</pos>
<misc>&joc;</misc>
<misc>&col;</misc>
<s_inf>used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person; poss. from Manchukuo pidgin</s_inf>
<gloss>be</gloss>
<gloss>is</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2018-04-09 05:26:33" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_detl>https://s.vndb.org/sf/58/97958.jpg</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アル
　かつて（数十年ほど前）中国人が日本語を正式に学校で学ばず簡易的に話そうとした時に特徴的だった語尾。「彼、中国人アル」のような文の語尾。「です」というべきところの誤用。
Web search for 中国人 アル</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-04-21 04:39:04" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Aligning with the ニダ entry. Is cop-da fine here too?</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%A5%BD_(%E9%8A
%80%E9%AD%82)
"また、銀時の着物と同じデザインの布をチャイナ服風にアレンジし
たものを着用していたが、後に5年前（銀時視点での現在）と同じ赤
いチャイナ服も着用している。なお既に江戸へ滞在してかなりの期間
が過ぎており、いわゆる「～アル」といったエセ中国人風な語尾が使
えなくなったという外国人タレントのような愚痴までこぼしてい
る。"
https://ddnavi.com/news/212168/a/
"中国人美少女キャラは、なぜ「○○○アル」と話すのか？"</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -8,2 +8,7 @@
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;aux;&lt;/pos&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;stereotypical sentence ending marking a Chinese speaker, roughly equivalent to desu&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;cop-da;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;joc;&lt;/misc&gt;
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;col;&lt;/misc&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used in place of the plain copula だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;lsource xml:lang="kor"/&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;be&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;is&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-04-21 21:36:49" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Looks OK.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-09-20 19:20:50" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>i assume this is supposed to be chinese, not korean, and that this was simply a copy-paste error?  should this really be marked as cop-da?</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -12 +12 @@
-&lt;lsource xml:lang="kor"/&gt;
+&lt;lsource xml:lang="chi"/&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-09-25 14:58:25" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Yes, copy and paste mistake. But I can't find any evidence it's actually from Chinese. Some sources say it's from 協和語, 
a Manchurian-Japanese pidgin.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-&lt;lsource xml:lang="chi"/&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-09-30 02:06:28" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>there needs to be some sort of lsrc in there or a note.  i'm temporarily changing to chinese, because it is currently marked as kor which is clearly not right.  also changing the pos to exp as in the other similar korean entry

temp approve</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -8 +8 @@
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;cop-da;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;exp;&lt;/pos&gt;
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+&lt;lsource xml:lang="chi"/&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-09-30 02:06:45" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>reopen.  see comment below regarding lsrc</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-09-30 05:00:26" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Aligning. Seems OK.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -11 +11 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;used in place of the plain copula だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-09-30 06:02:47" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Why does there "need" to be a lsrc? We don't have evidence it's actually from Chinese.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-09-30 15:26:04" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>there should be an lsrc or a note because without one the style of entry we use immediately suggests that it is either from english or japanese.

however, it seems entirely possible that this is from japanese.  a quick google search suggests it appears to be just some stereotype of chinese people trying to speak japanese and ending all of their sentences in aru because they don't know how to speak japanese properly?

it's not clear to me that its stereotypical usage in manga, etc. is really related to the pidgin (info here: https://www.icge.co.uk/languagesciencesblog/?p=315).  if it is, then it should be mentioned in a note; if not and it's actually just indicating improper usage of japanese, then we don't need an lsrc.

that's my take</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-&lt;lsource xml:lang="chi"/&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-10-01 01:56:36" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Not sure we'll ever pin it down - this might be a good place to leave it.
I'm reminded of stereotypical gaijin, who always start sentences with "ワタシハ...".</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -11 +11 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person, poss. from Manchukuo dialect&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-10-01 11:17:26" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-04-23 00:03:07" stat="A">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>"poss. from Manchukuo dialect"
I don't think any source was saying it was from a Manchukuo dialect (of either Jap/Chinese) but poss. from a Japanese-Manchurian pidgin 
(協和語)
There's some hits for 協和語 アル in Google Books, it seems to not be just a wikipedia thing.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -11 +11 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person, poss. from Manchukuo dialect&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used in place of だ when attributing an utterance to a Chinese person; poss. from Manchukuo pidgin&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>