<entry id="1999904" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>1632180</ent_seq>
<r_ele>
<reb>とも</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<gloss>certainly</gloss>
<gloss>of course</gloss>
<gloss>to be sure</gloss>
<gloss>surely</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>usu. with volitional verb or adj. stem</s_inf>
<gloss>even if</gloss>
<gloss>no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how)</gloss>
<gloss>though</gloss>
<gloss>although</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>with neg. verb</s_inf>
<gloss>without even</gloss>
<gloss>without so much as</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<xref type="see" seq="1421990">遅くとも</xref>
<s_inf>after an adverb</s_inf>
<gloss>at the (least, earliest, etc.)</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&exp;</pos>
<gloss>also (called)</gloss>
<gloss>also as</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と</s_inf>
<gloss>well</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2011-08-19 03:09:57" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>i think "suf" is leftover from the other main entry for とも</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>meikyo, gg5, etc.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -9,1 +9,0 @@
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;suf;&lt;/pos&gt;
@@ -14,1 +13,1 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;rather&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;surely&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -17,1 +16,0 @@
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;suf;&lt;/pos&gt;
@@ -21,0 +19,2 @@
+&lt;gloss&gt;though&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;although&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -23,1 +23,6 @@
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;suf;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;with neg. verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;without even&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;without so much as&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
@@ -29,0 +34,9 @@
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・1&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・2&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・3&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・4&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;emphatic particle&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2011-08-19 08:59:01" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-03-31 11:59:12" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>新和英中辞典 daij
for example
敵討 【かたきうち】 

仇討(あだうち)とも。 (百科事典マイペディア)</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -42,0 +43,4 @@
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;also&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-03-31 19:14:21" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>-i don't think this means "also" in the example you provided (=ともいう with the いう omitted).  the と is acting as the quoting particle here, not as the 'and' particle, so usage in your example is restricted to "also being called" something.  and i'm not convinced that it's a particle as opposed to an expression.  this is already covered in the existing sense 5, albeit ambiguously.  consider the case of daijr's example of「君－お別れだね」.  it is certainly not translated as 'also' here...
-not sure this is helpful, but it's in gg5, etc.
-sense 6 should probably also be changed from prt to exp, but a gloss change would also be needed</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -34,0 +35,4 @@
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;exp;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;also (called)&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
@@ -43,4 +46,0 @@
-&lt;sense&gt;
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;also&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;/sense&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-04-01 01:46:10" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>Makino &amp; Tsutsui DIJG. Their entry is all about sense 2. A good point about the volitional verbs. Looking in Tatoeba I see most sense 2 examples fit that pattern.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. with vol. verb or adj. stem&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2014-04-01 02:18:35" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-01 02:08:38" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>No longer working.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -41,4 +40,0 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・1&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・2&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・3&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="1008490"&gt;と・4&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-01 17:30:56" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>If there has to be a (real) gloss...</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -42 +42 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;emphatic particle&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;well&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 04:29:40" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-03-04 22:31:40" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Could this note be clarified? "usu. with vol. verb or adj. stem" 
I think "vol. verb" is a little cryptic. Volume verb? Voluminous verb? Verb describing volume?

And the note [note="sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と"] as well - isn't "sometimes esp." a little clumsy?</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>I think "also as" is a good translation for certain cases e.g.
daijs:
"エステティック
《「エステティク」「エステティーク」とも》"</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -37,0 +38 @@
+&lt;gloss&gt;also as&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-03-08 10:59:06" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_diff>@@ -17 +17 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. with vol. verb or adj. stem&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;usu. with volitional verb or adj. stem&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>