JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1510890 Active (id: 2355696)
変化 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
【へんか [ichi1,news1,nf01] 】

1.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ change ▶ variation ▶ alteration ▶ mutation ▶ transition ▶ transformation
2.	[n] ▶ variety ▶ diversity
3.	[n,vs,vi] {grammar} ▶ inflection ▶ declension ▶ conjugation
4.	[n,vs,vi] {sumo} ▶ henka ▶ [expl] evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout

Conjugations

History:

10.	A 2025-12-30 00:44:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2025-12-30 00:04:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We use "bout" in most of our sumo entries. I don't think we need these glosses on sense 1.
	Diff:	@@ -26,2 +25,0 @@ -<gloss>transfiguration</gloss> -<gloss>metamorphosis</gloss> @@ -49 +47 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">evasive sidestep at the start of a match</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout</gloss>
8.	A 2025-09-28 04:54:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2025-09-27 13:54:47
	Refs:	https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15205970 Consider, for example, the playoff at the Autumn Grand Sumo Tournament last year when ozeki Takakeisho defeated lower ranking Atamifuji by using the henka technique, an evasive side step generally used at the start of a match. on the sumo subreddit all users are calling it "henka"
	Diff:	@@ -48 +48,2 @@ -<gloss>sidestepping</gloss> +<gloss>henka</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">evasive sidestep at the start of a match</gloss>
6.	A 2022-01-15 12:34:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -45,0 +46 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A 2022-01-14 03:22:43 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -35,0 +37 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
4.	A 2021-12-14 01:51:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk convert ling to gramm -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -36 +36 @@ -<field>&ling;</field> +<field>&gramm;</field>
3.	A 2019-05-20 11:29:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -30 +29,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -36,0 +36 @@ +<field>&ling;</field>
2.	A 2012-06-28 00:16:24 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-06-27 17:42:09 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -44,1 +44,2 @@ -<gloss>sidestepping (sumo)</gloss> +<field>&sumo;</field> +<gloss>sidestepping</gloss>

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jmdict 1581680 Active (id: 2348442)
中くらい；中ぐらい；中位
【ちゅうくらい (中くらい, 中位)；ちゅうぐらい (中ぐらい, 中位) 】

[adj-no,adj-na,n]
▶ (about) medium
▶ middle
▶ average

History:

5.	A 2025-09-27 15:04:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2025-09-27 14:17:41 Sombrero1
	Refs:	BCCWJ: ｛中位［チュウグライ］｝＝ 0 ｛中位［チュウクライ］｝＝ 0 ｛中位［チュウイ］｝＝ 102
	Comments:	Yes, mainly ちゅうい for 中位
3.	A* 2025-09-27 12:03:07 dom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	中くらい 131631 46.0% 中位 114806 40.1% - mainly ちゅうい? [1423350] 中ぐらい 39656 13.9% wisdom https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30579/is-there-a-difference-between-中位-ちゅうい-and-中位-ちゅうくらい
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>中位</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -12,0 +10,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>中位</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<re_restr>中くらい</re_restr> @@ -16 +16,0 @@ -<re_restr>中くらい</re_restr> @@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<re_restr>中ぐらい</re_restr> @@ -21 +21,0 @@ -<re_restr>中ぐらい</re_restr> @@ -27 +27,3 @@ -<gloss>about medium</gloss> +<gloss>(about) medium</gloss> +<gloss>middle</gloss> +<gloss>average</gloss>
2.	A 2015-06-08 09:26:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1.	A* 2015-06-05 05:00:34 luce
	Comments:	A+B?
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>中くらい</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>中ぐらい</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +15,2 @@ +<re_restr>中位</re_restr> +<re_restr>中くらい</re_restr> @@ -11,0 +20,2 @@ +<re_restr>中位</re_restr> +<re_restr>中ぐらい</re_restr>

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jmdict 1894470 Active (id: 2348445)
月を眺める；月をながめる [sK]
【つきをながめる】

[exp,v1]
▶ to gaze at the Moon

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2025-09-27 18:03:28 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 月を眺め　　 │ 26,879 │ 94.0% │ │ 月をながめ　 │ 1,576 │ 5.5% │ │ つきを眺め　 │ 96 │ 0.3% │ │ つきをながめ │ 40 │ 0.1% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>月をながめる</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2019-06-26 11:34:28 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>to gaze at the moon</gloss> +<gloss>to gaze at the Moon</gloss>
1.	A 2011-02-14 23:46:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v1;</pos>

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jmdict 1953580 Active (id: 2348532)
叩き込み；はたき込み [sK]
【はたきこみ】

[n] {sumo}
▶ hatakikomi
▶ slapdown

History:

7.	A 2025-09-30 07:28:56 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 叩き込み　 │ 58,243 │ 88.6% │ │ はたき込み │ 5,637 │ 8.6% │ - sK │ はたきこみ │ 1,839 │ 2.8% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6.	A 2025-09-27 15:07:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>hatakikomi</gloss> @@ -17 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>hatakikomi</gloss>
5.	A* 2025-09-27 13:57:13
	Refs:	https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15205970 In the first place, there is no rule against henka or hatakikomi (or slap down, a similar but more common technique), so there is no reason to complain.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss>hatakikomi</gloss>
4.	A 2016-11-11 10:28:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: 叩き込み 58243 はたき込み 5637
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5,4 @@ -<keb>叩き込み,はたき込み</keb> +<keb>叩き込み</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>はたき込み</keb>
3.	A* 2016-11-11 08:52:44
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>叩き込み</keb> +<keb>叩き込み,はたき込み</keb> @@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>slap down</gloss> +<gloss>slapdown</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-06-28 00:06:01 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-06-27 18:05:59 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>slap down (sumo)</gloss> +<field>&sumo;</field> +<gloss>slap down</gloss>

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jmdict 2087300 Active (id: 2348441)
か如何か [sK]
【かどうか [spec1] 】

[exp]
▶ whether (or not)
▶ if

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1632200 如何か【どうか】 3. whether (or not); if

History:

5.	A 2025-09-27 15:02:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2025-09-26 11:12:02 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────────┬───────╮ │ か如何か │ 4,452 │ 0.0% │Jitsuyou; add; [sK] (very surprised this has more than a handful of hits) │ かどうか │ 17,654,702 │100.0% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	Aligning glosses with どうか sense I also don't think the note is needed, we typically have those for auxiliary verbs and the likes.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>か如何か</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -10 +14,2 @@ -<gloss>whether or not</gloss> +<gloss>whether (or not)</gloss> +<gloss>if</gloss>
3.	A 2025-09-25 20:19:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's best omitted.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +9,0 @@ -<s_inf>after a verb, noun, or adjective; in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come"</s_inf>
2.	A* 2025-09-24 19:29:19 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not sure if a grammatical sense note is needed, but that explanation could probably be moved to a note.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10,2 @@ -<gloss>whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")</gloss> +<s_inf>after a verb, noun, or adjective; in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come"</s_inf> +<gloss>whether or not</gloss>
1.	A 2006-07-09 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2136870 Active (id: 2348451)
冬芽
【とうが；ふゆめ】

[n] {botany}
▶ winter bud

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2867340 夏芽 1. summer bud

History:

6.	A 2025-09-28 04:47:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 has it too.
5.	A* 2025-09-27 01:34:10 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijirin has an entry for ふゆめ which states "とうが（冬芽）に同じ。" Many of kokugos contrast this word with 夏芽.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ふゆめ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -11,0 +15 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2867340">夏芽</xref>
4.	A 2024-07-26 23:43:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	GG5 and luminous only have "winter bud".
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13 @@ -<gloss>winter buds</gloss> -<gloss>winter sprouts</gloss> +<gloss>winter bud</gloss>
3.	A 2024-07-25 07:36:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
2.	A* 2024-07-25 05:46:23
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&bot;</field>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2210250 Active (id: 2348446)
見かけによらず；見掛けによらず [sK] ；見掛けに依らず [sK]
【みかけによらず】

[exp]
▶ in contrast to (one's, its) appearance

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2252580 見かけによらない【みかけによらない】 1. does not match (one's, its) appearance

History:

3.	A 2025-09-27 18:36:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-09-24 19:24:47 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	見かけによらず 51,536 91.2% 見掛けによらず 2,248 4.0% -sK 見掛けに依らず 60 0.1% -sK みかけによらず 2,676 4.7%
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +13 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2467570 Active (id: 2348447)

カフドパンツ；カフド・パンツ

[n]
▶ cuffed pants

History:

3.	A 2025-09-27 18:36:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-09-24 03:46:02
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>カフド・パンツ</reb>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2594130 Active (id: 2348440)
Ｐ；ｐ
【ピー】

[n]
▶ P
▶ p

(Ｐ only) [n] [abbr]
▶ producer

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1117630 プロデューサー 1. producer (film, TV, etc.)

(Ｐ only) [n]
▶ parking

(Ｐ only) [n] [abbr] {baseball}
▶ pitcher

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1106780 ピッチャー 1. pitcher

(Ｐ only) [n] {chemistry}
▶ phosphorus (element symbol)

(ｐ only) [n] [abbr] {music}
▶ piano (dynamic)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1106400 ピアノ 2. piano (dynamic)

(ｐ only) [n] [abbr]
▶ page (number)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1120410 【ページ】 1. page

History:

8.	A 2025-09-27 15:01:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2025-09-26 12:37:05 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Sankoku: ［Ｐ・ｐ］アルファベットの十六番目の字。［Ｐ］ ①〘野球〙〔俗〕⇨ピッチャー・ピッチング②。「━ゴロ・ナイス━！」 ②〘放送など〙プロデューサー。「山田━」 ③〔←phosphorus〕〘理〙りん（燐）の元素記号。 ④〔←parking〕〔視覚語〕駐車(ちゅうしゃ)（場）。 ⑤〔←piece〕〔視覚語〕ピース。「フライドチキン２━・くつ下３━千円」 Smk: 【P・p】英語アルファベットの第十六字。【P】㊀〔←parking〕駐車場や駐車可を表わす記号。㊁〔←pitcher〕野球で、投手。「━〔=ピッチャー〕ゴロ⓪」㊂〔←producer〕プロデューサー。「吉川━」㊃〔←phosphorus〕リンの元素記号。【p】㊀〔楽譜で〕「ピアノ㊁」の略記号。㊁〔←page〕ノンブル〔=ページ番号〕を示す文字。〔p.と書く〕「p.17」 .
	Comments:	Might as well have them all
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<stagk>Ｐ</stagk> @@ -24,0 +26 @@ +<stagk>Ｐ</stagk> @@ -26,0 +29,29 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<stagk>Ｐ</stagk> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1106780">ピッチャー・1</xref> +<field>&baseb;</field> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>pitcher</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<stagk>Ｐ</stagk> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&chem;</field> +<gloss>phosphorus (element symbol)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<stagk>ｐ</stagk> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1106400">ピアノ・2</xref> +<field>&music;</field> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>piano (dynamic)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<stagk>ｐ</stagk> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1120410">ページ・1</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>page (number)</gloss>
6.	A 2019-04-13 05:42:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2019-04-13 03:51:56 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>parking</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2013-05-29 01:58:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1117630">プロデューサー</xref>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2013-05-28 23:55:35 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/P "テレビ・ラジオの放送業界や音楽業界などで、プロデューサー (Producer) の意味。" http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/プロデューサー http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/p "プロデューサーの略。"
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>producer</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2010-11-14 05:48:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-11-13 17:33:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>

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jmdict 2867340 Active (id: 2348432)
夏芽
【かが；なつめ】

[n] {botany}
▶ summer bud

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2136870 冬芽 1. winter bud

History:

2.	A 2025-09-27 01:31:42 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Meikyo, daijirin
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2136870">冬芽</xref>
1.	A* 2025-09-26 23:24:26 Joe Murray
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/夏芽-459163 daijs 夏芽 47124
	Comments:	冬芽 already an entry, could use this one

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jmdict 2867341 Active (id: 2350081)
空気調節器
【くうきちょうせつき】

1.	[n] ▶ pneumatic controller
2.	[n] ▶ air flow regulator

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 10:40:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	空気調節器 155 Eijiro, Kagaku glossary
	Comments:	Odd, as 空気調節 usually means "air conditioning". But then 調節器 means regulator/controller.
1.	A* 2025-09-27 08:20:22 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://nafco-online.com/products/detail.php?product_id=21872150 https://www.blpneumatic.com/ja/air-source-treatment-unit/air-regulator/
	Comments:	Promoting this entry from WI2 空気調節器 seems to be rarely used and appears to be a short form of 空気量調節器 or 空気流量調節器 = air flow (volume) regulator (a control device that one can find in various forms with gas stoves, production and cleaning machinery, medical devices, etc.) - not to be confused with 空気調節機, which is the same as 空気調和機 = air conditioning unit/device.

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2.	A 2025-09-29 15:50:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-09-27 21:39:21 Nicolas Maia
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>水﨑</keb>

2.	A 2025-09-27 15:07:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-09-27 14:25:56 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makuhari_Messe
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> -<gloss>Makuharimesse</gloss> +<misc>&place;</misc> +<gloss>Makuhari Messe (convention center)</gloss>

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