JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1251110 Active (id: 2348320)
経る [ichi1,news1,nf14] ；歴る [rK]
【へる [ichi1,news1,nf14] 】

[v1,vi]
▶ to pass
▶ to elapse
▶ to go by

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2783730 経【ふ】 1. to pass; to elapse; to go by

[v1,vi]
▶ to pass through
▶ to go through

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2648360 経て【へて】 1. through; by way of; after; via
	⇐ see: 2783730 経【ふ】 2. to pass through; to go through

[v1,vi]
▶ to experience
▶ to go through
▶ to undergo

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2783730 経【ふ】 3. to experience; to go through

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2025-09-23 05:19:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree.
7.	A* 2025-09-22 09:18:10 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 経る │ 163,831 │ 99.9% │ │ 歴る │ 197 │ 0.1% │Meikyo, Iwakoku, etc. ; [rK] ╰─ーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ Sankoku for を sense 4: 経由する場所をあらわす。 Relevant DOJG entry: https://core6000.neocities.org/dojg/entries/120 E.g. oukoku: （自下一） [...] ３：過程をたどる。「手続きを経る」「いくつもの職をへて教師になる」
	Comments:	References are unanimous on 自動詞 for all senses, whether the english translation of 手続きを経る is transitive or not is not a criterion. I would understand it as an extension of the second sense into the abstract
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -34 +35 @@ -<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
6.	A* 2025-09-21 22:49:53 Jo Liss <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This change marks meaning [3] as vt. The history for this entry suggests that all of them are intentionally marked intransitive. Reading https://jisho.org/forum/633c8ccb12a5375f9e000000-transitive-slash-intransitive, I'm gleaning that this is because "を can mark an indirect object that the movement occurs through". I'm not a linguist, but I wonder if this reasoning should only apply to [2] (as in 東京を経て) but not [3] (as in 手続きを経る). The English translations do suggest transitivity to me -- though on the other hand, Kotobank marks it as intransitive: https://kotobank.jp/word/経る-625737
	Diff:	@@ -34 +34 @@ -<pos>&vi;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos>
5.	A 2013-05-30 23:16:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-05-30 13:45:15 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -37,0 +37,1 @@ +<gloss>to undergo</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2013-04-23 05:58:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-04-23 04:06:07 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, shinmeikai, meikyo, nikk
	Comments:	sometimes takes を, but famously so does 歩く. doesn't necessarily mean it's vt. in this case, no dic says it is
	Diff:	@@ -21,1 +21,1 @@ -<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -28,1 +28,1 @@ -<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -34,1 +34,1 @@ -<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
1.	A* 2013-04-23 03:59:59 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	prog, nc, gg5
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +24,11 @@ +<gloss>to go by</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to pass through</gloss> +<gloss>to go through</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -25,0 +36,1 @@ +<gloss>to go through</gloss>

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jmdict 1467430 Active (id: 2348332)
忍び込む [news2,nf37] ；忍びこむ [sK] ；忍込む [sK]
【しのびこむ [news2,nf37] 】

[v5m,vi]
▶ to creep in
▶ to steal in
▶ to sneak in

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2025-09-23 19:50:41 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 忍び込む　 │ 39,730 │ 92.3% │ │ 忍びこむ　 │ 1,902 │ 4.4% │ - sK │ 忍込む　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ - sK │ しのびこむ │ 1,428 │ 3.3% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -13,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2021-07-28 05:50:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	忍び込む 39730 忍込む < 20 忍びこむ 1902 GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>忍びこむ</keb>
1.	A* 2021-07-28 05:40:49 Opencooper
	Refs:	wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>to sneak in</gloss>

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jmdict 1748730 Active (id: 2348316)
浮貸し；浮き貸し
【うきがし】

[n,vs,vt]
▶ illegal loan

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2025-09-23 05:10:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-09-23 01:36:11 Joe Murray
	Refs:	浮貸し 867 71.2% 浮き貸し 351 28.8% https://kotobank.jp/word/浮貸し-34345#w-439131 daijs
	Comments:	Adding more common form
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>浮貸し</keb> +</k_ele>
1.	A 2022-07-27 02:59:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update of vs-vi-vt tags from meikyo -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos>

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jmdict 1769330 Active (id: 2348331)
闖入者；ちん入者 [sK]
【ちんにゅうしゃ】

[n]
▶ intruder
▶ trespasser

History:

3.	A 2025-09-23 19:41:56 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 闖入者　　　　 │ 12,385 │ 91.2% │ │ ちん入者　　　 │ 896 │ 6.6% │ - sK │ ちんにゅうしゃ │ 296 │ 2.2% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2020-04-04 03:52:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-04-03 13:17:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 闖入者 12385 ちん入者 896
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ちん入者</keb> @@ -12,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>trespasser</gloss>

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jmdict 1800940 Active (id: 2348321)
聖職
【せいしょく】

1.	[n] ▶ esteemed profession (e.g. priest, monk, teacher, doctor, etc.) ▶ venerable vocation
2.	[n] {Christianity} ▶ ministry ▶ priesthood ▶ holy orders

History:

9.	A 2025-09-23 07:09:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2025-09-20 15:28:50 Sombrero1
	Comments:	That's reasonable, I also prefer "esteemed" over "sacred" there, at least English.
7.	A* 2025-09-20 06:43:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A 2025-09-20 06:43:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"sacred profession" is not really used in English, and I think is a inappropriate as a gloss. I'll pin this version and reopen.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>sacred profession (e.g. priest, monk, (school)teacher, doctor, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>esteemed profession (e.g. priest, monk, teacher, doctor, etc.)</gloss> @@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>holy orders</gloss>
5.	A* 2025-09-18 16:43:06 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 聖職　 │ 176,838 │ 98.3% │ │ 聖職の │ 2,999 │ 1.7% │drop [adj-no] ╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ Dajijsen: 1 神聖な職業・職務。 2 宗教集団において、信徒の上に立ち、儀式の執行、信徒指導のほか、神殿や寺院または教会の運営・管理に当たる専門職。 Sankoku: ①神聖な職務。 ②〔キリスト教で〕僧職(そうしょく)。「━者」ルミナス: 1 《牧師の職》: the ministry [U]. 聖職につく take holy orders / go into [enter; join] the 「church [ministry] 2 《神聖な職業》: sacred 「vocation [calling; profession] [C]　★vocation, calling は天職, profession は専門的職業教職は聖職であると見なされていた Teaching was regarded as a sacred profession. GendaiShinkoku: 1 聖なる職業・職務。特にキリスト教の神父や牧師など。 2 自己犠牲をともなう慈善活動家や、社会的責任の大きい医師、学校教師などの仕事。　［美化した言い方］ .
	Comments:	I agree with anon that the entry is unclear in its current state. I do think that "ministry" and "priesthood" are appropriate for the Christian church specific sense though Maybe this serves it better?
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>holy orders</gloss> -<gloss>vocation</gloss> +<gloss>sacred profession (e.g. priest, monk, (school)teacher, doctor, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>venerable vocation</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&Christn;</field> @@ -16 +19 @@ -<gloss>sacred profession</gloss> +<gloss>priesthood</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2025-09-18 15:56:14
	Comments:	1. why did you effectively revert the edit? the point of the edit was to say that the word encompasses more than just clergy (schoolteachers too!) and I supplied two references that stated just that. 2. you moved the only correct translation to the very bottom. 3. gg5's sense 1 is nonsense, it is trying to translate 聖職につく but it does not actually tell the user it is trying to do so. its translations are completely at odds with any kokugo. 聖職 refers to a profession. 'the ministry' is not a profession. 'holy order' is not a profession.
3.	A 2025-09-17 06:11:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc. "日本では医師と教師は聖職とみなされ, 人々の信頼を集めてきた. In Japan, medicine and teaching have been seen as sacred professions and people have trusted the people who practice them."
	Comments:	GG5 splits sacred profession into a separate sense.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>sacred profession (e.g. priest, monk, schoolteacher)</gloss> @@ -16,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>sacred profession</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-09-16 21:29:15
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>sacred profession (e.g. priest, monk, teacher)</gloss> +<gloss>sacred profession (e.g. priest, monk, schoolteacher)</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-09-16 19:29:19
	Refs:	nikkoku: また、教師。 https://www.jlogos.com/d001/705145780.html
	Comments:	"holy orders; vocation; ministry" could be dropped
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>sacred profession</gloss> +<gloss>sacred profession (e.g. priest, monk, teacher)</gloss>

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jmdict 1862500 Active (id: 2348334)
恐れ多くも；畏れ多くも；おそれ多くも [sK]
【おそれおおくも】

[exp]
▶ graciously
▶ respectfully

History:

5.	A 2025-09-23 20:05:56 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Text in the referenced image: >> 恐れ多くも >> 陛下の膝元に忍び込んだ輩がいてな⋯⋯ >> 今は検分をしている最中なのだ。
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A* 2025-09-23 19:55:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I wouldn't call that example a valid reference. Further suggestions welcome.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>respectfully</gloss>
3.	A* 2025-09-23 11:16:01 Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	reference img. from YS SEVEN: https://freeimage.host/i/KcKrpmg
	Comments:	this usage of 恐れ多くも in the ref. image doesn't seems to be covered by this entry
2.	A 2017-01-26 09:09:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-01-08 19:03:04 luce
	Refs:	n-grams 恐れ多くも 1097 畏れ多くも 338 おそれ多くも 179
	Comments:	resubmitted edit lost (?) in the crash
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>恐れ多くも</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -5,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>おそれ多くも</keb>

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jmdict 2004020 Active (id: 2348319)

ワルツ；ウォールツ [sk]

[n] {music}
▶ waltz

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1176160 円舞曲【えんぶきょく】 1. waltz (composition)

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 05:16:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-09-23 04:12:45 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	JA wiki has ウォールツ for the 英語発音. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────────╮ │ ワルツ　　 │ 1,059,201 │ │ ウォールツ │ 0 │ - sk ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -11,0 +13 @@ +<field>&music;</field>

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jmdict 2083610 Active (id: 2348348)

べた；ベタ

[adj-na,n]
《usu. adverbially as 〜に》
▶ all over
▶ filled in
▶ solid
▶ gapless

[n-pref]
《before a noun》
▶ complete
▶ total

[adj-na] [col]
▶ clichéd
▶ hackneyed
▶ corny
▶ predictable

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1011440 ベタベタ 5. clichéd; hackneyed

[adj-no] {computing}
▶ plaintext

[n] [abbr] {printing}
▶ solid printing
▶ solid typesetting

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2534890 ベタ組み 1. solid printing; solid typesetting

[n] [abbr] {photography}
▶ contact print

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2534900 ベタ焼き 1. contact print

History:

11.	A 2025-09-24 03:49:34 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -40 +40 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2534890">べた組み</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2534890">ベタ組み</xref>
10.	A 2025-09-23 17:31:33 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	ベタ焼き is more common
	Diff:	@@ -48 +48 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2534900">べた焼き・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2534900">ベタ焼き・1</xref>
9.	A 2024-11-25 23:38:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2024-11-25 01:13:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@ -<s_inf>usu. as べたに</s_inf> -<gloss>covering</gloss> +<s_inf>usu. adverbially as 〜に</s_inf> +<gloss>all over</gloss> @@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>solid</gloss> @@ -17 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>all over</gloss>
7.	A 2024-11-21 01:10:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -28 +27,0 @@ -<gloss>cliched</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A 2022-01-09 18:35:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -41,0 +42 @@ +<field>&print;</field> @@ -48,0 +50 @@ +<field>&photo;</field>
5.	A 2013-08-18 00:17:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm happy with "col".
	Diff:	@@ -27,1 +27,1 @@ -<misc>&sl;</misc> +<misc>&col;</misc>
4.	A* 2013-08-17 23:06:39 Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	<quote> ベタなテレビドラマ = Beta na terebi dorama = TV shows full of predictable behavior or lines. ... adjective : ベタな/べたな= betana Note : You can write them either in katakana or hiragana It means cliché, stereotypical, too typical, corny, old hat <unquote> http://maggiesensei.com/2011/07/22/べた-ベタ-beta-colloquial/
	Comments:	It's marked as "slang" but I wonder if it's more of a colloquial term.
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +29,1 @@ +<gloss>clichéd</gloss> @@ -30,0 +31,2 @@ +<gloss>corny</gloss> +<gloss>predictable</gloss>
3.	A 2013-07-15 23:02:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2013-07-15 19:54:45 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, meikyo, shinmeikai
	Comments:	very commonly written as ベタ, which perhaps means that it should be merged with 1119610 though they obviously have different etymologies
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ベタ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,3 +12,6 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2534890">べた組み</xref> -<gloss>things without gaps or spaces between them</gloss> -<gloss>something painted or printed solid</gloss> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>usu. as べたに</s_inf> +<gloss>covering</gloss> +<gloss>filled in</gloss> +<gloss>gapless</gloss> +<gloss>all over</gloss> @@ -14,3 +20,4 @@ -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<field>&comp;</field> -<gloss>plain (e.g. plain text)</gloss> +<pos>&n-pref;</pos> +<s_inf>before a noun</s_inf> +<gloss>complete</gloss> +<gloss>total</gloss> @@ -24,0 +31,18 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<field>&comp;</field> +<gloss>plaintext</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2534890">べた組み</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>solid printing</gloss> +<gloss>solid typesetting</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2534900">べた焼き・1</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>contact print</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2006-06-04 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2409200 Active (id: 2348318)
様です
【ようです】

[aux-v,cop] [uk,pol]
《at sentence end; after attrib. form of a verb or adjective, as の～ after nouns》
▶ it seems that ...
▶ it appears that ...

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2409190 【ようだ】 1. it seems that ...; it appears that ...

[aux-v,cop] [uk,pol]
《at sentence end; after attrib. form of a verb or adjective, as の～ after nouns》
▶ is like ...
▶ is similar to ...

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2409190 【ようだ】 2. is like ...; is similar to ...

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2025-09-23 05:14:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2025-09-22 09:38:33 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────────┬───────╮ │ 様です　 │ 3,201,565 │ 7.5% │ │ ようです │ 39,758,558 │ 92.5% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────────┴───────╯ Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ の様です　 │ 258,864 │ 4.0% │ │ のようです │ 6,257,536 │ 96.0% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯ BCCWJ (Corpus size: 104,911,460 words): ｛の；よう；です｝＝ 1780 ｛の；様［ヨウ］；です｝＝ 76 (4.27%) ｛よう；です｝＝ 13521 ｛様［ヨウ］；です｝＝ 318 (2.35%) .
	Comments:	Aligning with ようだ, changing xref targets due to now [rK] form. Bordering on [rK], letting it be for now. Also, there are 10 entries with notes where we use "attributive", versus the now three "attrib.". Perhaps subject to later alignment
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,3 @@ -<pos>&aux;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2409190">様だ・1</xref> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&cop;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2409190">ようだ・1</xref> @@ -15,2 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>seeming to be</gloss> -<gloss>appearing to be</gloss> +<s_inf>at sentence end; after attrib. form of a verb or adjective, as の～ after nouns</s_inf> +<gloss>it seems that ...</gloss> +<gloss>it appears that ...</gloss> @@ -19,4 +21,8 @@ -<pos>&aux;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2409190">様だ・2</xref> -<gloss>like</gloss> -<gloss>similar to</gloss> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&cop;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2409190">ようだ・2</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<misc>&pol;</misc> +<s_inf>at sentence end; after attrib. form of a verb or adjective, as の～ after nouns</s_inf> +<gloss>is like ...</gloss> +<gloss>is similar to ...</gloss>
3.	A 2012-05-16 23:29:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-05-16 05:13:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2409190">様だ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2409190">様だ・1</xref> @@ -20,0 +20,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2409190">様だ・2</xref>
1.	A 2008-09-23 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2772730 Active (id: 2349728)
難い [rK] ；悪い [sK]
【にくい [ichi1,news2,nf28] 】

[suf,adj-i] [uk]
《after the -masu stem of a verb》
▶ difficult to ...
▶ hard to ...

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867504 難い【がたい】 1. very difficult to ...; nearly impossible to ...

Conjugations

History:

13.	A 2025-10-20 02:57:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm happy to make 悪い [sK] here.
	Diff:	@@ -7,3 +6,0 @@ -<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri> -<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri> -<ke_pri>nf28</ke_pri> @@ -13 +10 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
12.	A* 2025-10-12 11:30:55 Sombrero1
	Refs:	https://pastebin.com/Mjzkw8Z3 .
	Comments:	Given the corpus data I think both kanji forms should be [rK]. The priority tags would need to be removed from 難い. Multiple references don't even list 悪い for suffix usage, with shinsen also using just a kana headword with 難い as a secondary form.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +13 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
11.	A* 2025-10-12 10:53:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A 2025-10-12 10:53:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting. I'll approve and reopen for a while.
	Diff:	@@ -19,4 +18,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>がたい</reb> -<re_restr>難い</re_restr> -</r_ele> @@ -30,9 +25,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<stagr>がたい</stagr> -<pos>&suf;</pos> -<pos>&adj-i;</pos> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<s_inf>after the -masu stem of a verb</s_inf> -<gloss>very difficult to ...</gloss> -<gloss>nearly impossible to ...</gloss>
9.	A* 2025-09-25 11:04:42 Sombrero1
	Diff:	@@ -37,2 +37,2 @@ -<gloss>very difficult to...</gloss> -<gloss>nearly impossible to</gloss> +<gloss>very difficult to ...</gloss> +<gloss>nearly impossible to ...</gloss>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)
8.	A* 2025-09-25 11:03:48 Sombrero1
	Refs:	～がたい：＊ https://www.nihongo-appliedlinguistics.net/wp/archives/3992 「「がたい」－実現することが難しくてめったにないという意味。書きことば」「「がたい」はある程度、その前に来る動詞が限定されていて、認識・発言にかかわる動詞や慣用的表現が多いです。」「「がたい」は使える範囲がかなり限定されているようですね。」 Article is based on "市川保子. 中級日本語文法と敎え方のポイント. スリーエーネットワーク, 2007." ＊ https://japanese-language-education.com/gatai/#:~:text=になります。-,「にくい」は、無意志動詞とともに用いることが,用いることができます。「「がたい」はほとんど不可能の意味で用いられます」～にくい＊ https://www.nihongo-appliedlinguistics.net/wp/archives/3992 「「にくい」－物理的・生理的に困難という意味、話しことば・書きことば両方で使う」 Article is based on "市川保子. 中級日本語文法と敎え方のポイント. スリーエーネットワーク, 2007." ＊ https://japanese-language-education.com/gatai/#:~:text=になります。-,「にくい」は、無意志動詞とともに用いることが,用いることができます。「「づらい」「にくい」は困難であるができなくもないという意味で用いられます」ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー＊ Ngram data (In pastebin because the requested URL exceeded the maximum length again) https://pastebin.com/Mjzkw8Z3 .
	Comments:	From what I've read, they are slightly different in meaning, but first and foremost in distribution. The ngram data shows that ～にくい is [uk], but ～がたい isn't. The current entry does not manage to show this. Furthermore, ～がたい has barely any hits in 話し言葉 corpora, compared to ～にくい. This was also mentioned in the first reference. I too don't think this entry is ideal, ～がたい should get its own entry. Proposing split
	Diff:	@@ -37 +37,2 @@ -<gloss>nearly impossible to ...</gloss> +<gloss>very difficult to...</gloss> +<gloss>nearly impossible to</gloss>
7.	A* 2025-09-23 21:36:07 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.easyjapanesee.com/～がたい、～づらい、～にくい/ https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3279/the-differences-between-～がたい-にくい-づらい
	Comments:	Many resources note that がたい has a much stronger sense of being nearly impossible even with full effort. The entry is already kinda messy with restrictions, maybe にくい and がたい should be split, even though they share the same kanji? I see 強い(つよい) and 強い(こわい) are split.
	Diff:	@@ -27 +27 @@ -<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>after the -masu stem of a verb</s_inf> @@ -29,0 +30,8 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<stagr>がたい</stagr> +<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>after the -masu stem of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>nearly impossible to ...</gloss>
6.	A 2022-05-30 10:27:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -26 +25,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1157200">為難い・しにくい</xref>
5.	A 2019-10-09 05:58:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning POS with やすい, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<pos>&aux-adj;</pos> +<pos>&suf;</pos>
4.	A 2016-12-12 15:07:19 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-12-12 14:33:18 Robin Scott
	Comments:	Consistency edit.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&aux-adj;</pos> @@ -26 +26 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1157200">為悪い・しにくい</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1157200">為難い・しにくい</xref> @@ -28 +28 @@ -<s_inf>after the -masu stem of a verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf>
2.	A 2013-02-21 05:47:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1157200">為悪い・しにくい</xref>
1.	A* 2013-02-21 01:07:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, etc.
	Comments:	split

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jmdict 2833711 Active (id: 2348328)
乳び；乳糜；乳ビ [sK]
【にゅうび】

[n] {physiology}
▶ chyle

History:

8.	A 2025-09-23 17:42:49 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2025-09-23 17:28:52 parfait8
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 乳び　　 │ 2,435 │ 70.3% │ move up │ 乳糜　　 │ 591 │ 17.1% │ │ 乳ビ　　 │ 307 │ 8.9% │ add sK │ にゅうび │ 129 │ 3.7% │ │ にゅうビ │ 0 │ 0.0% │ remove ╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────┬───────╮ │ 乳びが　　 │ 27 │100.0% │ │ 乳糜が　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ 乳ビが　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ にゅうびが │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ にゅうビが │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>乳び</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,3 +10,0 @@ -<keb>乳び</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,6 +15,0 @@ -<re_restr>乳糜</re_restr> -<re_restr>乳び</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>にゅうビ</reb> -<re_restr>乳ビ</re_restr>
6.	A 2020-11-07 18:04:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<field>&biol;</field> +<field>&physiol;</field>
5.	A 2017-10-31 23:54:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I'll change it. We should consider a "physiol" tag. I'll add "biol" to 引っ掻き反射 too.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<field>&med;</field> +<field>&biol;</field>
4.	A* 2017-10-27 19:23:00 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I was asking myself the same question when I submitted 引っ掻き反射 / scratch reflex. It is also labelled 生理 / physiology in gg5.
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2017-10-26 23:43:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's a physiology term according to GG5 and Oxford. Would [biol] be a more accurate tag?
2.	A* 2017-10-26 22:19:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	WWW pages, Honyaku discussion.
	Comments:	Seems it's often 乳ビ.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>乳ビ</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -11,0 +15,6 @@ +<re_restr>乳糜</re_restr> +<re_restr>乳び</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>にゅうビ</reb> +<re_restr>乳ビ</re_restr>
1.	A* 2017-10-26 22:09:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, Eijiro, LSD

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jmdict 2867304 Active (id: 2348309)
田芋
【たいも；タイモ (nokanji) 】

[n]
▶ taro variety cultivated in paddy fields

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 00:42:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-09-22 02:02:15 Joe Murray
	Refs:	田芋 10196 92.0% タイモ 887 8.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/タイモ https://kotobank.jp/word/田芋-675379 daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2867312 Active (id: 2348322)
麻薬国家
【まやくこっか】

[n]
▶ narco-state

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 07:14:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narco-state 麻薬国家 147
	Comments:	AB
1.	A* 2025-09-22 17:04:15
	Refs:	https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQODK109D30Q4A211C2000000/

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jmdict 2867313 Active (id: 2348308)
麻薬カルテル
【まやくカルテル】

[n]
▶ drug cartel

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 00:41:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	2605 ngrams
1.	A* 2025-09-22 17:06:21
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/麻薬カルテル https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_cartel

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jmdict 2867314 Active (id: 2348306)

ナルコテロリズム

[n]
▶ narcoterrorism

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867315 麻薬テロ【まやくテロ】 1. narcoterrorism

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 00:39:24 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-09-22 17:10:57
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ナルコテロリズム

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jmdict 2867315 Active (id: 2348307)
麻薬テロ
【まやくテロ】

[n] [rare]
▶ narcoterrorism

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2867314 ナルコテロリズム 1. narcoterrorism

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 00:40:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	98 ngrams
	Comments:	rare?
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2867314">ナルコテロリズム</xref> +<misc>&rare;</misc>
1.	A* 2025-09-22 17:12:50
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ナルコテロリズム

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jmdict 2867316 Active (id: 2348317)
生徒指導室
【せいとしどうしつ】

[n]
▶ student guidance office
▶ student counseling room

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 05:13:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	生徒指導室 4078 Eijiro
	Comments:	Rather AB.
1.	A* 2025-09-22 22:26:55

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jmdict 2867317 Active (id: 2348312)
抜け荷
【ぬけに】

[n] [hist]
▶ smuggling (during the Edo period)
▶ contraband

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 01:36:37 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, etc
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>contraband</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-09-23 01:23:38 Joe Murray
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/抜け荷 https://kotobank.jp/jeword/抜け荷#w-3215035 https://kotobank.jp/word/抜け荷-110952#w-594151 抜け荷 2582 daijs, prog, wiki

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jmdict 2867318 Active (id: 2348325)
ガチャ切り；がちゃ切り [sK]
【ガチャぎり】

[n] [col]
▶ abruptly hanging up the phone while the other person is still talking

History:

2.	A 2025-09-23 15:07:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-09-23 09:43:32 Joe Murray
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/がちや切り-463971#w-463971 daijs がちゃ切り 463 5.3% ガチャ切り 8201 94.7%

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jmdict 2867319 Active (id: 2349755)
薬物戦争
【やくぶつせんそう】

[n]
▶ war on drugs

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2867320 麻薬戦争 1. war on drugs

History:

4.	A 2025-10-20 22:00:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-20 14:25:24
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2867320">麻薬戦争</xref>
2.	A 2025-10-20 02:40:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	薬物戦争 82
	Comments:	Marginal.
1.	A* 2025-09-23 18:48:31
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/麻薬戦争

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jmdict 2867320 Active (id: 2348631)
麻薬戦争
【まやくせんそう】

[n]
▶ war on drugs

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867319 薬物戦争【やくぶつせんそう】 1. war on drugs

History:

2.	A 2025-10-02 07:21:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2025-09-23 18:51:28
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/麻薬戦争 https://cannabisinsight.jp/posts/the-war-on-drugs

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jmdict 2867321 Active (id: 2348630)
薬物密売
【やくぶつみつばい】

[n]
▶ drug trafficking

History:

2.	A 2025-10-02 07:20:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	薬物密造 648
1.	A* 2025-09-23 21:03:42
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/違法薬物取引

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jmdict 2867322 Deleted (id: 2348770)
違法薬物取引
【いほうやくぶつとりひき】

[n]
▶ illegal drug trade

History:

3.	D 2025-10-04 19:07:48 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
2.	D* 2025-10-04 18:49:47 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーーーーー─┬────┬───────╮ │ 違法薬物取引　　　　　 │ 53 │100.0% │ │ いほうやくぶつとりひき │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーーーーーーーー─┴────┴───────╯
	Comments:	I don't think this is needed, plain AB and not common. We already have 違法薬物
1.	A* 2025-09-23 21:06:12
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/違法薬物取引

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jmdict 2867323 Active (id: 2348616)
町弁；まち弁；街弁 [sK] ；マチ弁 [sK]
【まちべん】

[n] [col]
▶ town lawyer
▶ community lawyer
▶ local lawyer

History:

4.	A 2025-10-01 20:17:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-01 16:45:26 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijirin: （⋯）弁護士の俗称。街弁。マチ弁。〈街／町／まち／マチ〉〈弁／辯／べん／ベン〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 町弁　　 │ 4,451 │ 37.4% │ │ まち弁　 │ 3,545 │ 29.8% │ │ 街弁　　 │ 348 │ 2.9% │ │ マチ弁　 │ 174 │ 1.5% │ │ 町べん　 │ 96 │ 0.8% │ │ 町ベン　 │ 24 │ 0.2% │ │ マチベン │ 48,633 │ N/A │ - Name of a 2006 TV show │ まちべん │ 3,250 │ 27.3% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	Adding a [col] tag and a few extra forms.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,11 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>まち弁</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>街弁</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>マチ弁</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +23 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc>
2.	A 2025-10-01 08:12:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>attorneys who belong to small-scale law offices and primarily handle cases within their local communities</gloss> +<gloss>community lawyer</gloss> +<gloss>local lawyer</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-09-23 21:28:44 solo_han
	Refs:	https://agaroot-career.jp/lawyer/2889
	Comments:	町弁とは、町の弁護士を表す略称です。小規模な事務所に所属しており、おもに地域内の案件を扱う弁護士を意味します。

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2.	D 2025-09-23 05:10:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I bet someone actually called a girl that. No harm dropping it, I guess.
1.	D* 2025-09-23 04:13:01 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This is 円舞曲 with ワルツ as a gikun. Doesn't seem like it belongs in the name dictionary.

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