JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1456870 Active (id: 2342930)
突き落とす [news2,nf38] ；突き落す [sK] ；つき落とす [sK] ；突きおとす [sK] ；突落す [sK] ；突落とす [sK]
【つきおとす [news2,nf38] 】

1.

[v5s,vt]
▶ to thrust down
▶ to push off

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2025-06-27 03:50:36 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 突き落とす │ 37,791 │ 96.7% │ │ 突き落す　 │ 402 │ 1.0% │ │ つき落とす │ 394 │ 1.0% │ - add │ 突きおとす │ 51 │ 0.1% │ - add │ 突落す　　 │ 48 │ 0.1% │ │ 突落とす　 │ 33 │ 0.1% │ │ つき落す　 │ 25 │ 0.1% │ │ つきおとす │ 335 │ 0.9% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>つき落とす</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>突きおとす</keb>
3.	A* 2025-06-26 05:17:48 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	突き落とす 37,791 97.9% 突き落す　 402 1.0% - sK 突落す　　 48 0.1% - sK 突落とす　 33 0.1% - sK つきおとす 335 0.9%
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -13,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16,0 +19 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2014-09-21 18:33:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ngrams, daijs
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>突落す</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>突落とす</keb>
1.	A* 2014-09-21 09:41:09
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>突き落す</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -10,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>突き落す</keb>

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jmdict 2029060 Rejected (id: 2342920)

たり [spec1] ；だり

1.

[prt]
《as …たり…たり, after the -masu stem of verbs》
▶ -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going")

2.

[prt]
《used adverbially》
▶ doing such things as ...

3.

[prt]
《as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the -masu stem of a repeated verb》
▶ expresses a command

4.

(たり only) [cop,aux-v,vr] [arch]
《from とあり, after a noun》
▶ to be

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2092660 たる 1. (those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of

5.

(たり only) [aux-v,vr] [arch]
《from 〜てあり, after the -masu stem of verbs》
▶ indicates completion or continuation of an action

Conjugations

History:

13.	R 2025-06-26 07:19:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Dropping fork.
12.	A* 2025-06-25 18:06:33 Sombrero1
	Comments:	Fork See id 2342886
11.	A* 2025-06-25 17:21:33 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The usual formatting for notes is “-masu stem”.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the -masu stem of verbs</s_inf> @@ -23 +23 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the 連用形 forms of a repeated verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the -masu stem of a repeated verb</s_inf> @@ -41 +41 @@ -<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf> +<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the -masu stem of verbs</s_inf>
10.	A 2025-06-25 05:55:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks. Not a big problem but they should be fixed at some stage. I've made a note about it.
9.	A* 2025-06-24 18:05:49
	Comments:	lots of spacing inconsistencies in the entries
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>doing such things as...</gloss> +<gloss>doing such things as ...</gloss>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)
8.	A 2024-06-08 06:45:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2024-06-07 01:56:16 Non
	Comments:	Eh, this will likely give someone without prior knowledge the impression that they are the same item. With たら and the derivations from といったら, that is not much of a problem since they are actually related and the meanings all branch off from the original conditional, they share an etymology and the meanings are related; this is not the case here, [4] has nothing in common with the other senses other than the reading, having it here might be misleading at best and confusing at worst. Now, I looked through the notes and changed them a bit in order to slightly shorten them, but I am not sure about the notes in [1] and [3] as their content is not the entire story in the majority of cases (音便形).
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf> @@ -23 +23 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the 連用形 forms of a repeated verb</s_inf> @@ -41 +41 @@ -<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf>
6.	A 2024-06-07 00:31:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding [cop] to sense 4. Both senses 4 and 5 could be split, but as with たら it's convenient to keep these たり forms in the one entry.
	Diff:	@@ -27,0 +28 @@ +<pos>&cop;</pos>
5.	A* 2024-06-04 16:39:50 Non
	Comments:	4. Ought to be split, different meaning and etymology, it is also missing the copula tag.
4.	A 2020-09-04 22:46:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2020-09-04 07:31:51 dine <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	per 2092660
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +29 @@ +<pos>&vr;</pos> @@ -38,0 +40 @@ +<pos>&vr;</pos>
2.	A 2017-06-01 15:21:01 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	tidying
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>(used adverbially) doing such things as...</gloss> +<s_inf>used adverbially</s_inf> +<gloss>doing such things as...</gloss> @@ -30,2 +31,2 @@ -<s_inf>from とあり</s_inf> -<gloss>(after a noun) to be</gloss> +<s_inf>from とあり, after a noun</s_inf> +<gloss>to be</gloss>
1.	A 2005-03-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2029060 Active (id: 2342921)

たり [spec1] ；だり

1.

[prt]
《as …たり…たり, after the -masu stem of verbs》
▶ -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going")

2.

[prt]
《used adverbially》
▶ doing such things as ...

3.

[prt]
《as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the -masu stem of a repeated verb》
▶ expresses a command

4.

(たり only) [cop,aux-v,vr] [arch]
《from とあり, after a noun》
▶ to be

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2092660 たる 1. (those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of

5.

(たり only) [aux-v,vr] [arch]
《from 〜てあり, after the -masu stem of verbs》
▶ indicates completion or continuation of an action

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2025-06-26 07:19:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2025-06-25 14:34:07 Sombrero1
	Comments:	This is the only entry that uses 連用形 instead of -masu stem in its sense note, aligning. I personally think it'd be better to not simplify it down to "-masu stem", but it isn't that bad. Having "masu stem" in the 連用形 entry helps
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the -masu stem of verbs</s_inf> @@ -23 +23 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the 連用形 forms of a repeated verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the -masu stem of a repeated verb</s_inf> @@ -41 +41 @@ -<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf> +<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the -masu stem of verbs</s_inf>
10.	A 2025-06-25 05:55:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks. Not a big problem but they should be fixed at some stage. I've made a note about it.
9.	A* 2025-06-24 18:05:49
	Comments:	lots of spacing inconsistencies in the entries
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>doing such things as...</gloss> +<gloss>doing such things as ...</gloss>
8.	A 2024-06-08 06:45:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2024-06-07 01:56:16 Non
	Comments:	Eh, this will likely give someone without prior knowledge the impression that they are the same item. With たら and the derivations from といったら, that is not much of a problem since they are actually related and the meanings all branch off from the original conditional, they share an etymology and the meanings are related; this is not the case here, [4] has nothing in common with the other senses other than the reading, having it here might be misleading at best and confusing at worst. Now, I looked through the notes and changed them a bit in order to slightly shorten them, but I am not sure about the notes in [1] and [3] as their content is not the entire story in the majority of cases (音便形).
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf> @@ -23 +23 @@ -<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the 連用形 forms of a repeated verb</s_inf> @@ -41 +41 @@ -<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>from 〜てあり, after the 連用形 form of verbs</s_inf>
6.	A 2024-06-07 00:31:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Adding [cop] to sense 4. Both senses 4 and 5 could be split, but as with たら it's convenient to keep these たり forms in the one entry.
	Diff:	@@ -27,0 +28 @@ +<pos>&cop;</pos>
5.	A* 2024-06-04 16:39:50 Non
	Comments:	4. Ought to be split, different meaning and etymology, it is also missing the copula tag.
4.	A 2020-09-04 22:46:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2020-09-04 07:31:51 dine <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	per 2092660
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +29 @@ +<pos>&vr;</pos> @@ -38,0 +40 @@ +<pos>&vr;</pos>
2.	A 2017-06-01 15:21:01 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	tidying
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>(used adverbially) doing such things as...</gloss> +<s_inf>used adverbially</s_inf> +<gloss>doing such things as...</gloss> @@ -30,2 +31,2 @@ -<s_inf>from とあり</s_inf> -<gloss>(after a noun) to be</gloss> +<s_inf>from とあり, after a noun</s_inf> +<gloss>to be</gloss>
1.	A 2005-03-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2866277 Active (id: 2342915)
避退
【ひたい】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ taking refuge
▶ evacuation

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1411450 退避 1. taking refuge; evacuation

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2025-06-26 02:52:51 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	smk; daijr/s 避退 1,034 退避 193,230 退却 168,211
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1411450">退避・1</xref>
1.	A* 2025-06-25 15:55:24 Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	found used in the game Ace Combat 7: https://i.imgur.com/xz0Kyl4.jpeg
	Comments:	I've copied the entry for 退避

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jmdict 2866279 Active (id: 2342916)
略意
【りゃくい】

1.

[n] [rare]
▶ gist
▶ drift
▶ key points
▶ abstract

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1546770 要旨 1. (main) point; gist; key points; essentials; substance; summary; outline; abstract

History:

2.	A 2025-06-26 03:18:21 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-06-25 17:38:20 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 要旨 │ 833.420 │100.0% │Xref to here │ 略意 │ 49 │ 0.0% │Certainly not common ╰─ーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ Saito, Nikk, Koj, Daij
	Comments:	Saw this used in the jawiki article for the just submitted proximity fuze entry

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jmdict 2866280 Active (id: 2342931)
海人草 [rK] ；海仁草 [rK] ；鷓鴣菜 [sK]
【マクリ (nokanji)；まくり [gikun] ；かいにんそう；かいじんそう (海人草) 】

1.	[n] [uk] ▶ red seabroom (Digenea simplex)
2.	[n] [uk] ▶ dewormer made from red seabroom, licorice and rhubarb

History:

5.	A 2025-06-27 04:46:51 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks.
4.	A* 2025-06-26 08:50:19 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 海人草　　　 │ 806 │ 2.4% │[rK] │ 鷓鴣菜　　　 │ 50 │ 0.2% │ │ 海仁草　　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ まくり　　　 │ 5.508.225 │ N/A │ │ マクリ　　　 │ 32.402 │ 97.2% │ │ かいにんそう │ 44 │ 0.1% │ │ かいじんそう │ 22 │ 0.1% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯ Smk doesn't even have a kanj headword The two non-gikun readings could probably get [rk], but I have no solid reference for that
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
3.	A* 2025-06-26 08:39:51 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 海人草 │ 806 │ 94.2% │ │ 鷓鴣菜 │ 50 │ 5.8% │GendaiRK, 角川古語大辞典; add; [sK] │ 海仁草 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーー─┴─────┴───────╯ Meikyo, Iwakoku
	Comments:	No reference actually has 海仁草 for かいじんそう, though it can obviously be read that way. Applying restriction for now Keeping 鷓鴣菜 hidden since it doesn't have the last two readings. Just the 熟字訓 one, would make things very complicated
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>鷓鴣菜</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -16,0 +21 @@ +<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf> @@ -22,0 +28 @@ +<re_restr>海人草</re_restr>
2.	A 2025-06-26 06:23:50 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	second sense: iwakoku; shinsen
	Comments:	gg5 has "Corsican weed" as a common name, but it doesn't come up much on Google.
	Diff:	@@ -28,0 +29,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>dewormer made from red seabroom, licorice and rhubarb</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A* 2025-06-25 20:10:30 Joe Murray <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/海人草-457680 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/マクリ https://www.sealifebase.se/summary/Digenea-simplex.html - English common name マクリ 32402 97.4% カイニンソウ 67 0.2% 海人草 806 2.4% 海仁草 0 0.0%

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jmdict 2866281 Active (id: 2342914)
教義学
【きょうぎがく】

1.

[n]
▶ dogmatics
▶ dogmatic theology

History:

2.	A 2025-06-26 02:33:52 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
1.	A* 2025-06-26 01:35:00 Joe Murray <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/教義学-52539#w-52539 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/教義学教義学 3220

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jmdict 2866282 Active (id: 2342913)
測器
【そっき】

1.

[n]
▶ measuring device
▶ measuring instrument

History:

2.	A 2025-06-26 02:31:42 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s
1.	A* 2025-06-26 01:45:50 Joe Murray
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/測器-554596 測器 11814

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jmdict 2866283 Active (id: 2342922)
繁体
【はんたい】

1.

[n] [abbr]
▶ traditional Chinese character
▶ unsimplified Chinese character

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1481720 繁体字 1. traditional Chinese character; unsimplified Chinese character

History:

2.	A 2025-06-26 07:26:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-06-26 06:15:33
	Refs:	https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/models/imagen/4-0-ultra-generate-preview-06-06?hl=ja 中国語（繁体）繁体 60809 57.6% 繁体字 44765 42.4%　already an entry

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jmnedict 5747340 Active (id: 2342932)

みかか

1.

[company]
▶ NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) (slang)

History:

2.	A 2025-06-27 05:02:18 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/みかか
	Comments:	Interesting.
	Diff:	@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@ -<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp> -<ent_seq>2866284</ent_seq> +<ent_corp type="jmnedict">jmnedict</ent_corp> @@ -8,2 +7,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone)</gloss> +<misc>&company;</misc> +<gloss>NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) (slang)</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-06-26 07:34:25
	Refs:	https://dic.pixiv.net/a/みかか

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11.	A 2025-07-04 04:36:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2025-06-26 18:08:58
	Comments:	I think these synonyms should be included, they sound a little better when speaking of people or scenery.
	Diff:	@@ -33,0 +34,2 @@ +<gloss>charming</gloss> +<gloss>enchanting</gloss> @@ -37 +39 @@ -<gloss>marvellous</gloss> +<gloss>marvellous (marvelous)</gloss>
9.	A 2024-09-29 05:29:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2024-09-29 01:09:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous 素敵 24,808,992 74.8% 素適 83,281 0.3% 素的 19,573 0.1% すてき 3,141,293 9.5% ステキ 5,096,906 15.4%
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -26 +28 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -33,0 +36,2 @@ +<gloss>splendid</gloss> +<gloss>marvellous</gloss> @@ -36 +39,0 @@ -<gloss>cool</gloss>
7.	A 2021-09-03 04:01:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj: 「素敵」は当て字。「素的」「素適」とも書く。テキは接尾語
	Comments:	Yes, the kokugos only have 素敵 as ateji. I'd leave it on 素適 too.
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2021-09-02 13:36:09 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/素敵
	Comments:	素的 doesn't seem to be ateji.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +16,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
5.	A 2019-08-20 23:34:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	素敵 24808992 素適 83281 素的 19573 すてき 3141293 ステキ 5096906
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ステキ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele>
4.	A 2018-03-23 23:12:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-03-23 18:48:57 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 G n-grams: 素敵 24808992 すてき 3141293 素適 83281 素的 19573
	Comments:	improving the glosses ("dreamy" seems a bit off) reordering
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<keb>素的</keb> +<keb>素適</keb> @@ -16 +16 @@ -<keb>素適</keb> +<keb>素的</keb> @@ -28,2 +28,2 @@ -<gloss>dreamy</gloss> -<gloss>beautiful</gloss> +<gloss>wonderful</gloss> +<gloss>nice</gloss> @@ -34 +33,0 @@ -<gloss>capital</gloss>
2.	A 2011-03-09 22:22:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijirin, Koj
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -12,0 +13,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +17,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
1.	A* 2011-03-09 14:33:21
	Comments:	Suggested enhancement. Where the connection between the kanji and the meaning is very non-obvious (and the kanji are not purely phonetic), it would be a nice enhancement to explain the etymology. For example, in this case, how does 素 + 敵 come to mean "lovely"? (I'm assuming it's not just phonetic, otherwise it would be marked "ateji", right?)

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary Database

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