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jmdict 1058130 Active (id: 2335881)

サロゲートペア； サロゲート・ペア
1. [n] {computing}
▶ surrogate pair (of characters)



History:
4. A 2025-03-31 17:07:59  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijisen

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ サロゲートペア　 │ 2,094 │ 92.2% │
│ サロゲート・ペア │   176 │  7.8% │
╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -6 +5,0 @@
-<re_pri>gai1</re_pri>
3. A* 2025-03-31 16:23:33 
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<field>&comp;</field>
2. A 2025-02-15 07:01:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-15 05:48:13 
  Diff: 
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>サロゲート・ペア</reb>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1102150 Active (id: 2335889)

パパイヤ [spec1] ； パパイア； パパヤ [sk]
1. [n]
▶ papaya (Carica papaya)
▶ pawpaw



History:
3. A 2025-03-31 20:12:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-03-31 13:56:33 
  Refs: 
パパイヤ	356352	89.0%
パパイア	37113	9.3%
パパヤ	6939	1.7% daijs
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>パパヤ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
1. A 2019-08-08 23:09:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, etc.
パパイア	37113
パパイヤ	356352
  Diff: 
@@ -5,2 +5,2 @@
-<reb>パパイア</reb>
-<re_pri>gai1</re_pri>
+<reb>パパイヤ</reb>
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<reb>パパイヤ</reb>
+<reb>パパイア</reb>
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>papaya</gloss>
+<gloss>papaya (Carica papaya)</gloss>

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jmdict 1132710 Active (id: 2335892)

メインカルチャー； メイン・カルチャー； メーンカルチャー [sk]
1. [n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "main culture"
▶ mainstream culture



History:
6. A 2025-03-31 20:14:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-03-31 16:30:55 
  Diff: 
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<lsource ls_wasei="y">main culture</lsource>
@@ -17 +17,0 @@
-<gloss>main culture</gloss>
4. A 2025-02-15 10:33:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5
  Diff: 
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>mainstream culture</gloss>
3. A* 2025-02-15 06:00:46 
  Refs: 
メインカルチャー	3510	94.4%
メーンカルチャー	44	1.2%
メイン・カルチャー	165	4.4%
メーン・カルチャー	0	0.0%
  Diff: 
@@ -8,3 +7,0 @@
-<reb>メーンカルチャー</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -14 +11,2 @@
-<reb>メーン・カルチャー</reb>
+<reb>メーンカルチャー</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2. A 2013-05-11 11:25:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>メーン・カルチャー</reb>
+</r_ele>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1349300 Active (id: 2335902)
尚 [ichi1,news1,nf05] ； 猶； 尚お [io] ； 猶お [io]
【 なお [ichi1,news1,nf05] 】
1. [adv] [uk]
▶ still
▶ yet
2. [adv] [uk]
▶ more
▶ still more
▶ greater
▶ further
3. [conj] [uk]
▶ furthermore
▶ in addition
▶ moreover
▶ note that ...
4. [adv] [uk,form]
《as なお ... ごとし; esp. 猶》
▶ as if
▶ just like
▶ as though



History:
11. A 2025-03-31 21:52:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I see なお often. We have 34 sentences for it. Dated?
10. A* 2025-03-31 19:00:24  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Shinsen for the now fourth sense: ［猶］〘文章語〙
Sankoku tags it [form] as well, no restriction
GendaiSK gives it a 古風, no restriction
Meikyo also gives it a 古風, and says 「猶〜ごとし」の形で

Adding a note and moving it down
Exchanged the 〜 for ... in the note, as we usually use the tilde to indicate substitution for the term in question
Removed the dots after each gloss, we don't have them for まるで or あたかも either

Kokugos gloss the fourth sense as e.g. “まるで”　“あたかも”
  Comments: 
Do we ever have [form,dated]? If so I think it'd be appropriate here
  Diff: 
@@ -42,7 +41,0 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
-<s_inf>as なお〜ごとし</s_inf>
-<gloss>as ...</gloss>
-<gloss>like ...</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
@@ -54,0 +48,9 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&form;</misc>
+<s_inf>as なお ... ごとし; esp. 猶</s_inf>
+<gloss>as if</gloss>
+<gloss>just like</gloss>
+<gloss>as though</gloss>
9. A 2020-02-01 18:51:04  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daij
8. A* 2020-02-01 15:01:51  dine <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
sorry, i didn't know there was an "io"
  Diff: 
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<ke_inf>&ik;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<ke_inf>&ik;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
7. A* 2020-02-01 15:00:05  dine <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://furigana.info/w/尚:な
https://furigana.info/w/猶:な
For contemporary Japanese, 尚お has 14 hits and 猶お has 6 hits in BCCWJ.
daijr, daijs and nikk record neither spelling with okurigana, hence ik
  Comments: 
ik or ok?
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>尚お</keb>
+<ke_inf>&ik;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>猶お</keb>
+<ke_inf>&ik;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1352320 Rejected (id: 2339088)
上げる [ichi1,news2,nf42] ； 騰げる [sK]
【 あげる [ichi1,news1,news2,nf04,nf29,nf42] ； アゲる [sk] 】
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to raise
▶ to elevate
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2210610 手を上げる 1. to raise one's hand
  ⇒ ant: 1184170 下げる 2. to lower; to reduce; to bring down
  ⇒ see: 2864818 挙げる 9. to raise; to elevate
2. [v1,vt]
▶ to move something (to a higher place)
▶ to put onto (e.g. a shelf)
3. [v1,vt]
《occ. 騰げる in ref. to price》
▶ to increase (price, quality, status, etc.)
▶ to raise (a wage)
4. [v1,vt]
▶ to show someone (into a room)
▶ to let in (e.g. a guest)
5. [v1,vt] [pol,uk]
▶ to give
6. [v1,vt]
▶ to enrol (one's child in school)
▶ to enroll
▶ to send (one's child; e.g. to college)
7. [v1,vt]
▶ to develop (talent, skill, etc.)
▶ to improve
8. [v1,vt]
▶ to earn (something desirable)
▶ to achieve (e.g. a good result)
▶ to obtain
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2864818 挙げる 11. to earn (something desirable); to achieve (e.g. a good result); to obtain
9. [v1,vt]
▶ to promote (someone)
10. [v1,vt]
▶ to complete
▶ to finish
11. [v1,vt]
▶ to make (a loud sound)
▶ to raise (one's voice)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1876110 声を上げる 1. to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell
  ⇒ see: 2864818 挙げる 10. to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice)
  ⇐ see: 2572900 悲鳴を上げる【ひめいをあげる】 1. to scream
12. [v1,vt]
▶ to raise (one's gaze)
▶ to lift up (one's face)
▶ to look up
13. [v1,vt]
▶ to do up (one's hair)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1866690 髪を上げる 1. to put up one's hair
14. [v1,vt]
▶ to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)
15. [v1,vt]
▶ to praise
▶ to commend
▶ to flatter
16. [v1,vt]
▶ to make do (with less expenses than expected)
▶ to cover expenses (with a given amount)
▶ to set costs
17. [v1,vt]
▶ to finish (one's studies)
▶ to complete (a lesson)
▶ to pass (e.g. a class)
18. [v1,vt]
▶ to upload (e.g. an image)
▶ to publish (on the internet)
▶ to post
19. [v1,vt] [col]
《esp. as アゲる》
▶ to raise someone's spirits
▶ to cheer someone up
▶ to enhance a mood
20. [v1,vi]
《of the tide》
▶ to come in
▶ to rise
21. [v1,vi] {finance}
▶ to increase (of market price)
▶ to rise (of stock prices)
22. [v1,vi,vt]
▶ to vomit
▶ to throw up
23. [aux-v,v1] [uk,pol]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ to do for (the sake of someone else)
24. [suf,v1]
《after the -masu stem of a verb》
▶ to complete ...
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1297320 作り上げる 1. to build up; to complete; to construct; to create; to put together
25. [suf,v1] [hum]
《after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility》
▶ to humbly do ...
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1362950 申し上げる 2. to do

Conjugations

History:
31. R 2025-05-12 22:40:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I agree. Better the way it was.
30. A* 2025-05-12 22:26:53 
  Comments: 
That's not the typical style for usage notes. That's a note on meaning, not usage.
29. A* 2025-05-12 18:20:04 
  Diff: 
@@ -160,2 +160,3 @@
-<gloss>(of the tide) to come in</gloss>
-<gloss>(of the tide) to rise</gloss>
+<s_inf>of the tide</s_inf>
+<gloss>to come in</gloss>
+<gloss>to rise</gloss>
28. A 2025-05-03 06:23:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -32,0 +33 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・9</xref>
@@ -77,0 +79 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・11</xref>
@@ -97,0 +100 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・10</xref>
27. A* 2025-05-02 08:28:58  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Xrefs + minor changes
  Comments: 
Thanks, I actually meant to comment on 揚げる that I didn't find any more noteworthy senses to add after my last edit to 挙げる, but I forgot..
Not that it matters now
  Diff: 
@@ -31,0 +32 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・9</xref>
@@ -71 +72 @@
-<gloss>to develop (talent, skill)</gloss>
+<gloss>to develop (talent, skill, etc.)</gloss>
@@ -76,0 +78 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・11</xref>
@@ -95,0 +98 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・10</xref>
@@ -136 +139 @@
-<gloss>to pass (a class, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to pass (e.g. a class)</gloss>
(show/hide 26 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1352320 Active (id: 2347775)
上げる [ichi1,news2,nf42] ； 騰げる [sK]
【 あげる [ichi1,news2,nf42] ； アゲる [sk] 】
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to raise
▶ to elevate
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2210610 手を上げる 1. to raise one's hand
  ⇒ ant: 1184170 下げる 2. to lower; to reduce; to bring down
  ⇒ see: 2864818 挙げる 9. to raise; to elevate
2. [v1,vt]
▶ to move something (to a higher place)
▶ to put onto (e.g. a shelf)
3. [v1,vt]
《occ. 騰げる in ref. to price》
▶ to increase (price, quality, status, etc.)
▶ to raise (a wage)
4. [v1,vt]
▶ to show someone (into a room)
▶ to let in (e.g. a guest)
5. [v1,vt] [pol,uk]
▶ to give
6. [v1,vt]
▶ to enrol (one's child in school)
▶ to enroll
▶ to send (one's child; e.g. to college)
7. [v1,vt]
▶ to develop (talent, skill, etc.)
▶ to improve
8. [v1,vt]
▶ to earn (something desirable)
▶ to achieve (e.g. a good result)
▶ to obtain
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2864818 挙げる 11. to earn (something desirable); to achieve (e.g. a good result); to obtain
9. [v1,vt]
▶ to promote (someone)
10. [v1,vt]
▶ to complete
▶ to finish
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1913200 安く上げる【やすくあげる】 1. to get (something) done cheaply; to keep costs down; to finish at low cost
11. [v1,vt]
▶ to make (a loud sound)
▶ to raise (one's voice)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1876110 声を上げる 1. to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell
  ⇒ see: 2864818 挙げる 10. to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice)
  ⇐ see: 2572900 悲鳴を上げる【ひめいをあげる】 1. to scream
12. [v1,vt]
▶ to raise (one's gaze)
▶ to lift up (one's face)
▶ to look up
13. [v1,vt]
▶ to do up (one's hair)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1866690 髪を上げる 1. to put up one's hair
14. [v1,vt]
▶ to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)
15. [v1,vt]
▶ to praise
▶ to commend
▶ to flatter
16. [v1,vt]
▶ to make do (with less expenses than expected)
▶ to cover expenses (with a given amount)
▶ to set costs
17. [v1,vt]
▶ to finish (one's studies)
▶ to complete (a lesson)
▶ to pass (e.g. a class)
18. [v1,vt]
▶ to upload (e.g. an image)
▶ to publish (on the internet)
▶ to post
19. [v1,vt] [col]
《esp. as アゲる》
▶ to raise someone's spirits
▶ to cheer someone up
▶ to enhance a mood
20. [v1,vi]
▶ (of the tide) to come in
▶ to rise
21. [v1,vi] {finance}
▶ to increase (of market price)
▶ to rise (of stock prices)
22. [v1,vi,vt]
▶ to vomit
▶ to throw up
23. [aux-v,v1] [uk,pol]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ to do for (the sake of someone else)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2867372 たる 2. to do ... for (the sake of someone else)
24. [suf,v1]
《after the -masu stem of a verb》
▶ to complete ...
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1297320 作り上げる 1. to build up; to complete; to construct; to create; to put together
25. [suf,v1] [hum]
《after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility》
▶ to humbly do ...
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1362950 申し上げる 2. to do

Conjugations


History:
32. A 2025-09-09 17:05:57  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Cleaning up priority tags on あげる
  Diff: 
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<re_pri>news1</re_pri>
@@ -19,2 +17,0 @@
-<re_pri>nf04</re_pri>
-<re_pri>nf29</re_pri>
31. A 2025-05-18 23:06:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
30. A* 2025-05-18 15:53:33  Sombrero1
  Comments: 
I agree with that, I also didn't like it but I forgot to come back to it. I think the way you did it is fine, a sense note would probably work as well.
29. A* 2025-05-18 14:54:08 
  Comments: 
I don't really care if it's a note or not so do as you wish but it's jarring to have "(of the tide)" twice in a row
  Diff: 
@@ -161 +161 @@
-<gloss>(of the tide) to rise</gloss>
+<gloss>to rise</gloss>
28. A 2025-05-03 06:23:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -32,0 +33 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・9</xref>
@@ -77,0 +79 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・11</xref>
@@ -97,0 +100 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2864818">挙げる・10</xref>
(show/hide 27 older log entries)

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jmdict 1419570 Active (id: 2335847)
断る [ichi1,news1,nf10] ； 断わる
【 ことわる [ichi1,news1,nf10] 】
1. [v5r,vt]
▶ to refuse
▶ to reject
▶ to dismiss
▶ to turn down
▶ to decline
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2825967 断れない【ことわれない】 1. unrefusable; undeclinable
2. [v5r,vt]
▶ to inform
▶ to give notice
▶ to ask in advance (and get approval)
▶ to get permission
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2839861 断りを入れる【ことわりをいれる】 1. to inform; to give notice; to tell in advance; to ask for permission (before doing something); to ask first
3. [v5r,vt]
▶ to ask leave
▶ to excuse oneself (from)

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-03-31 06:14:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Tweaking
  Diff: 
@@ -33 +33 @@
-<gloss>to tell in advance (and get approval)</gloss>
+<gloss>to ask in advance (and get approval)</gloss>
3. A* 2025-03-30 06:04:18  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijs:
① あらかじめ知らせておいて了解を得る。許しを得る。

oukoku:
① 前もって知らせて、承諾を得る。「あらかじめ―・っておく」

gg5:
2 〔事前に通告する〕 give sb ┏notice [warning]; warn 《sb》; tell 《sb》 (in advance); 〔了解を得る〕 ask (for) permission; ask sb (in advance); get permission; ask sb's permission [leave].
  Comments: 
see:  2839861.
  Diff: 
@@ -33 +33,2 @@
-<gloss>to tell in advance</gloss>
+<gloss>to tell in advance (and get approval)</gloss>
+<gloss>to get permission</gloss>
2. A 2021-07-22 07:33:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
It does indeed. Thanks. I've switched that one over and linked a different one for sense 3.
1. A* 2021-07-22 07:20:16  Jim Rose <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
This entry has  several example sentences.  But this sentence:

ジョンは誰にも断らずに、パイを数切れ勝手に取って食べた。 John helped himself to several pieces of pie without asking.

Actually belongs with this dictionary entry:

断らず 【ことわらず】 (exp) without permission

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jmdict 1431540 Active (id: 2335835)
直面 [news1,nf05]
【 ちょくめん [news1,nf05] 】
1. [n]
▶ confrontation
2. [vs,vi]
▶ to face
▶ to confront
▶ to encounter

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-03-31 02:29:53  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
[vi]: sankoku, meikyo, iwakoku, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
2. A 2019-08-14 10:59:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr, GG5, etc.
直面	1047522
直面する	326743
直面して	376735
直面した	144854
直面しない	3549
直面します	12109
  Comments: 
We sometimes split them like that, although it's not encouraged. In this case all the references gloss it as a verb although Daijrin has its usual "名 スル". All 70 Tanaka examples are some form of ~する.
1. A* 2019-08-14 05:33:15  Nicolas Maia
  Comments: 
Is this second gloss formatted correctly? 🤔

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jmdict 1432280 Active (id: 2335836)
追い越す [ichi1,news2,nf42] ； 追越す [sK] ； 追いこす [sK]
【 おいこす [ichi1,news2,nf42] 】
1. [v5s,vt]
▶ to pass (e.g. car)
▶ to overtake
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1432370 追い抜く 1. to pass (a car); to overtake
2. [v5s,vt]
▶ to surpass
▶ to outstrip
▶ to get ahead of
▶ to outdistance
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1432370 追い抜く 2. to surpass; to outstrip; to outdistance; to outsail

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-03-31 02:39:37  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 追い越す │ 77,181 │ 96.9% │
│ 追越す　 │    734 │  0.9% │ - sK
│ 追いこす │  1,279 │  1.6% │ - sK
│ おいこす │    428 │  0.5% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,0 +16 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -25 +27 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1432370">追い抜く・おいぬく・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1432370">追い抜く・1</xref>
@@ -32 +34 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1432370">追い抜く・おいぬく・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1432370">追い抜く・2</xref>
2. A 2011-06-25 23:46:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Adding xrefs.
  Diff: 
@@ -25,0 +25,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1432370">追い抜く・おいぬく・1</xref>
@@ -31,0 +32,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1432370">追い抜く・おいぬく・2</xref>
1. A* 2011-06-25 20:05:09  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daij has 追越す.  all split
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>追越す</keb>
@@ -23,0 +26,8 @@
+<gloss>to overtake</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5s;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>to surpass</gloss>
+<gloss>to outstrip</gloss>
+<gloss>to get ahead of</gloss>
@@ -24,1 +35,0 @@
-<gloss>to outstrip</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1432370 Active (id: 2335837)
追い抜く [ichi1] ； 追いぬく [sK] ； 追抜く [sK]
【 おいぬく [ichi1] 】
1. [v5k,vt]
▶ to pass (a car)
▶ to overtake
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1432280 追い越す 1. to pass (e.g. car); to overtake
2. [v5k,vt]
▶ to surpass
▶ to outstrip
▶ to outdistance
▶ to outsail
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1432280 追い越す 2. to surpass; to outstrip; to get ahead of; to outdistance

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2025-03-31 02:40:31  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 追い抜く │ 57,739 │ 97.6% │
│ 追いぬく │    824 │  1.4% │ - add
│ 追抜く　 │    410 │  0.7% │ - sK
│ おいぬく │    171 │  0.3% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@
+<keb>追いぬく</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -9,0 +14 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18 +23 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・おいこす・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・1</xref>
@@ -25 +30 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・おいこす・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・2</xref>
5. A 2011-06-25 23:47:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -18,1 +18,1 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・おいこす</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・おいこす・1</xref>
@@ -25,0 +25,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・おいこす・2</xref>
4. A 2011-06-25 23:44:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I'll add an xref.
  Diff: 
@@ -18,0 +18,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・おいこす</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1432280">追い越す・おいこす</xref>
3. A* 2011-06-25 20:26:08  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
split senses as for おいこす.  could be synched with that entry
  Diff: 
@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>追抜く</keb>
@@ -17,0 +20,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5k;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>to surpass</gloss>
+<gloss>to outstrip</gloss>
@@ -19,1 +28,0 @@
-<gloss>to outstrip</gloss>
2. A 2011-06-01 21:21:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1445360 Active (id: 2335901)
土産 [ichi1,news1,nf11]
【 みやげ [gikun/ichi1,news1,nf11] 】
1. [n]
▶ local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1002500 お土産 1. local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while traveling (travelling)
  ⇐ see: 1702340 土産【どさん】 2. present; souvenir
  ⇐ see: 2558400 苞【つと】 2. local produce; souvenir; present; gift
2. [n]
▶ present brought by a visitor
3. [n]
《usu. お土産》
▶ something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation)
▶ unwelcome gift
▶ disservice



History:
21. A 2025-03-31 21:47:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
20. A* 2025-03-31 13:22:43  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Meikyo, Smk
From 「見上げ」
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
19. A 2019-12-03 23:02:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -26,0 +27 @@
+<s_inf>usu. お土産</s_inf>
18. A 2019-12-02 22:24:14  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -28,0 +29 @@
+<gloss>disservice</gloss>
17. A* 2019-11-27 00:52:47 
  Refs: 
How about "disservice"?
(show/hide 16 older log entries)

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jmdict 1533890 Active (id: 2335844)
毛唐
【 けとう 】
1. [n] [derog,abbr]
▶ damn Westerner
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1809920 毛唐人 1. damn Westerner; hairy foreigner



History:
4. A 2025-03-31 06:08:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK
3. A* 2025-03-31 04:45:22  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
All my refs say this is an abbreviation of 毛唐人.
Gendai reikai: 「毛唐人〔＝毛深い外国人〕」の略。
  Comments: 
I don't think the literal gloss is appropriate on this entry since it's an abbreviation.

For some reason the cross reference to 毛唐人 was lost. I am adding it back to the entry, but it isn't appearing in the Diff below for some reason.
  Diff: 
@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<gloss g_type="lit">hairy foreigner</gloss>
2. A 2019-03-01 04:49:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5: 〔西洋人に対する軽蔑語〕 a 「damn [hairy] Westerner [foreigner, gaijin].
  Comments: 
I think this handles it a bit better.
  Diff: 
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1809920">毛唐人</xref>
@@ -16 +15,2 @@
-<gloss>hairy foreigner (esp. Europeans)</gloss>
+<gloss>damn Westerner</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="lit">hairy foreigner</gloss>
1. A* 2019-02-28 21:07:10 
  Comments: 
This (and 毛唐人) are kanji translations. The literal meaning might be "hairy foreigner", fine, but none of the yahoo dictionaries actually 
define it as such (though Daijirin has an etymology note: "〔「毛深い唐人」の意という〕"). I think "damn Westerner" would be more apt.

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jmdict 1572070 Active (id: 2335893)
蝸牛 [news2,nf42]
【 かたつむり [gikun/news2,nf42] ； カタツムリ (nokanji)； かたつぶり [gikun,rk] 】
1. [n] [uk]
▶ snail
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1674060 舞々【まいまい】 1. snail
  ⇐ see: 2858630 でんでん虫【でんでんむし】 1. snail
  ⇐ see: 2858629 蝸牛【かぎゅう】 1. snail
  ⇐ see: 2858632 舞舞螺【まいまいつぶり】 1. snail



History:
10. A 2025-03-31 20:15:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2025-03-31 13:25:45  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Daijs, Daijr, Koj, Weblio古語

Also 熟字訓, older than かたつむり


Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ かたつむり │ 228.233 │ 99.7% │
│ かたつぶり │     621 │  0.3% │Probably [rk]
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18,5 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>かたつぶり</reb>
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
+<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
8. A* 2025-03-31 13:20:48  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Sankoku, Smk, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
7. A 2023-08-21 22:54:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2023-08-21 17:09:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Messy merge. I think this should be three entries. かぎゅう isn't uk. 蝸牛 is rK for でんでんむし.
  Diff: 
@@ -9,3 +8,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>でんでん虫</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -14 +10,0 @@
-<re_restr>蝸牛</re_restr>
@@ -17,7 +12,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>かぎゅう</reb>
-<re_restr>蝸牛</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>でんでんむし</reb>
@@ -31 +19,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2577250">でで虫</xref>
@@ -33 +20,0 @@
-<s_inf>でんでんむし is more col.</s_inf>
@@ -35,6 +21,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>かぎゅう</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<field>&anat;</field>
-<gloss>cochlea</gloss>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1577310 Active (id: 2335967)
火傷 [ichi1,news2,nf33] ； 熱傷 [sK]
【 やけど [gikun/ichi1,news2,nf33] ； ヤケド [sk] 】
1. [n,vs,vi] [uk]
▶ burn
▶ scald
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2859761 火傷【かしょう】 1. burn; scald
2. [n,vs,vi] [uk]
▶ [fig] getting one's fingers burned (e.g. poor investment, mixing with the wrong people)

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2025-04-01 23:14:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK
10. A* 2025-04-01 09:04:35  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Smk has 【｛火傷｝・｛熱傷｝】, it's the only one of my refs with that, adding as [sK] for now. 

Smk also has the second sense: ㊁危険な事に手を出して手痛い損害を受けること。
As do many other refs
  Comments: 
Looks good
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>熱傷</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
9. A* 2025-03-31 22:55:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
中辞典: sense 2:
やけどする get one's fingers burned; burn one's fingers
- これ以上やけどがひどくならないうちに相場から手を引いたほうが身のためだ. If you're wise you'll stop playing the stock market, before you start losing really big money.
- あんな連中とつき合うからやけどなんかするんだ. If you go around with people like that, you have to expect to get your fingers burned.
  Comments: 
Stepehn suggested adding a second figurative sense in the comments of the failed 火傷じゃすまない entry.
  Diff: 
@@ -27,0 +28,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss g_type="fig">getting one's fingers burned (e.g. poor investment, mixing with the wrong people)</gloss>
8. A 2024-01-07 00:54:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2024-01-05 23:06:25  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Most kokugos (sankoku, iwakoku, smk, meikyo, daijr/s) have this as a jukujikun.
  Comments: 
I think these bizarre types of readings are a big source of frustration for learners. They were for me, at least.
It's useful to indicate that they are indeed unusual and idiomatic readings for these kanji.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1599000 Active (id: 2335891)
取扱説明書； 取り扱い説明書； 取扱い説明書 [sK] ； 取り扱説明書 [sK]
【 とりあつかいせつめいしょ 】
1. [n]
▶ user's manual
▶ instruction manual
▶ operation manual
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1599090 取説【とりせつ】 1. user's manual; instruction manual



History:
5. A 2025-03-31 20:13:26  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 取扱説明書　　　　　　　 │ 533,128 │ 74.3% │
│ 取り扱い説明書　　　　　 │ 147,441 │ 20.6% │
│ 取扱い説明書　　　　　　 │  35,647 │  5.0% │ - add
│ 取り扱説明書　　　　　　 │     326 │  0.0% │ - add
│ とりあつかい説明書　　　 │      70 │  0.0% │
│ 取りあつかい説明書　　　 │      22 │  0.0% │
│ とりあつかいせつめいしょ │     511 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーーーーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>取扱い説明書</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>取り扱説明書</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2022-07-19 23:47:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2022-07-19 15:04:04  dine
  Refs: 
取扱説明書	533128	78.3%
取り扱い説明書	147441	21.7%
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>取り扱い説明書</keb>
+<keb>取扱説明書</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>取扱説明書</keb>
+<keb>取り扱い説明書</keb>
2. A 2018-09-02 23:03:07  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-09-01 19:38:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5m eij
  Diff: 
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>handling instructions</gloss>
+<gloss>instruction manual</gloss>
+<gloss>operation manual</gloss>

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jmdict 1636740 Active (id: 2335843)
毛深い； 毛ぶかい [sK]
【 けぶかい 】
1. [adj-i]
▶ hairy
▶ thickly haired
▶ shaggy

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-03-31 04:58:29  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 毛深い　 │ 88,642 │ 99.5% │
│ 毛ぶかい │    124 │  0.1% │ - sK
│ けぶかい │    300 │  0.3% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2010-10-19 02:16:42  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-10-17 00:43:23  Scott
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>毛ぶかい</keb>
@@ -14,0 +17,1 @@
+<gloss>shaggy</gloss>

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jmdict 1642690 Active (id: 2335883)
尚のこと； 尚の事； 猶の事 [rK] ； なおの事 [sK] ； 猶のこと [sK]
【 なおのこと 】
1. [exp,adv] [uk]
▶ all the more
▶ still more



History:
6. A 2025-03-31 18:47:55  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-03-31 18:46:16  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
尚のこと　 25,100  20.5% 
尚の事　　 14,076  11.5% 
なおの事　 10,900   8.9% -sK
猶のこと　    314   0.3% -sK
猶の事　　    241   0.2% -rK (koj)
なおのこと 71,974  58.7%
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@
+<keb>猶の事</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +16 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,5 +20 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>猶の事</keb>
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2017-02-08 23:40:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, G n-grams:
尚の事	14076
なおの事	10900
猶の事	241
尚のこと	25100
なおのこと	71974
猶のこと	314
  Diff: 
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>尚のこと</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>猶のこと</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
3. A* 2017-02-08 15:53:12  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
G n-grams:
尚の事	14076
なおの事	10900
猶の事	  241
  Comments: 
see discussion under 1642680
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2015-06-09 01:17:05  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1793890 Active (id: 2335846)
心臓麻痺； 心臓マヒ； 心臓まひ [sK]
【 しんぞうまひ 】
1. [n]
▶ heart failure



History:
6. A 2025-03-31 06:11:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Most of my references only have heart failure. I agree that heart attack is probably a bit specific.
  Diff: 
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>heart attack</gloss>
5. A* 2025-03-30 05:18:09  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
prog: 心臓麻痺で死ぬ｜die of 「heart failure [a heart attack]
  Comments: 
As Robin said, this doesn't seem to be a medical term. It's not an accident that it conflates the two concepts.
4. A* 2025-03-30 04:58:55 
  Comments: 
Worth mentioning that heart failure and heart attack are not synonymous, though they are somewhat related. Gloss may need some revision unless evidence can be provided to state otherwise.
3. A 2023-11-07 21:13:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/心臓麻痺
医学的な言葉ではなく、日常的に用いる言葉である。
  Comments: 
Not a medical term, apparently. My medical dictionary doesn't have it.
  Diff: 
@@ -19,3 +19 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<field>&med;</field>
-<gloss>cardioplegia</gloss>
+<gloss>heart failure</gloss>
@@ -23 +20,0 @@
-<gloss>heart failure</gloss>
2. A 2023-11-07 20:15:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18,0 +20 @@
+<field>&med;</field>
@@ -20,0 +23 @@
+<gloss>heart failure</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1896030 Active (id: 2352985)
手を出す； 手をだす [sK]
【 てをだす 】
1. [exp,v5s]
▶ to reach out one's hand
▶ to extend one's arm
2. [exp,v5s] [id]
▶ to get involved in
▶ to embark on
▶ to try one's hand at
▶ to turn one's hand to
3. [exp,v5s] [id]
▶ to start a fight
▶ to get physical with
▶ to make a move in violence
▶ to lay hands on
4. [exp,v5s] [id]
▶ to take
▶ to steal
5. [exp,v5s] [id]
▶ to make a pass at
▶ to make a move on
▶ to hit on
▶ to lay hands on

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2025-11-27 05:37:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Been sitting on this too long. The JEs split it all sorts of ways - 中辞典 has 6 senses.
I think it's OK - no idea where "touch" would go. Perhaps sense 1?
I've reindexed some example sentences.
10. A* 2025-10-30 10:57:41 
  Refs: 
daijisen, progressive, I think
  Comments: 
I made this edit years ago but never submitted
it's missing "to touch" but I don't know where to put it
could be any and all of senses 1, 3, 4, 5
  Diff: 
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>to turn one's hand to</gloss>
@@ -18,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>to extend one's arm</gloss>
@@ -25 +25,3 @@
-<gloss>to make a move on</gloss>
+<gloss>to embark on</gloss>
+<gloss>to try one's hand at</gloss>
+<gloss>to turn one's hand to</gloss>
@@ -31,3 +33,4 @@
-<gloss>to strike</gloss>
-<gloss>to beat</gloss>
-<gloss>to hit</gloss>
+<gloss>to start a fight</gloss>
+<gloss>to get physical with</gloss>
+<gloss>to make a move in violence</gloss>
+<gloss>to lay hands on</gloss>
@@ -38,0 +42 @@
+<gloss>to take</gloss>
@@ -40,2 +43,0 @@
-<gloss>to rob</gloss>
-<gloss>to take</gloss>
@@ -47 +49,3 @@
-<gloss>to seduce (a woman)</gloss>
+<gloss>to make a pass at</gloss>
+<gloss>to make a move on</gloss>
+<gloss>to hit on</gloss>
9. A 2025-03-31 23:01:55  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 手を出す │ 400,041 │ 95.1% │
│ 手をだす │  20,387 │  4.8% │ - sK
│ てをだす │     233 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
8. A 2020-03-30 23:29:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Not sure that gloss is quite right.
7. A* 2020-03-30 10:12:05 
  Refs: 
https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10118004600
"主人が中2の娘に手を出しています（怒）"
  Diff: 
@@ -46,0 +47 @@
+<gloss>to lay hands on</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 2004540 Active (id: 2335858)

エンスー
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ enthusiast
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2437720 エンスージアスト 1. enthusiast



History:
1. A 2025-03-31 10:32:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2437720">エンスージアスト</xref>

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jmdict 2007620 Active (id: 2335906)
掛かり付け； 掛かりつけ [sK] ； かかり付け [sK] ； 掛り付け [sK] ； 掛りつけ [sK]
【 かかりつけ 】
1. [adj-no] [uk]
▶ family (doctor, etc.)
▶ (one's) regular (clinic)



History:
5. A 2025-03-31 22:17:29  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ かかりつけの │ 264,282 │ 87.2% │
│ 掛かりつけの │  18,229 │  6.0% │ - sK
│ 掛かり付けの │  12,987 │  4.3% │
│ かかり付けの │   6,134 │  2.0% │ - add
│ 掛り付けの　 │   1,187 │  0.4% │ - sK
│ 掛りつけの　 │     279 │  0.1% │ - sK
│ 掛付の　　　 │      67 │  0.0% │
│ 掛付けの　　 │      22 │  0.0% │
│ 掛つけの　　 │      21 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>掛かりつけ</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -10,0 +8,8 @@
+<keb>掛かりつけ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>かかり付け</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +17 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,0 +21 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2022-02-06 20:43:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2022-02-03 12:13:35  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -22,2 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>personal</gloss>
-<gloss>family</gloss>
+<gloss>family (doctor, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>(one's) regular (clinic)</gloss>
2. A 2013-10-24 03:59:07  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2013-10-23 23:57:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Ngrams, GG5, etc. (refs use kana in examples), Daijr has 掛り付け, so no "io".
  Diff: 
@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>掛かりつけ</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,1 +11,1 @@
-<keb>掛りつけ</keb>
+<keb>掛り付け</keb>
@@ -11,1 +14,1 @@
-<keb>掛り付け</keb>
+<keb>掛りつけ</keb>
@@ -18,0 +21,1 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>

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jmdict 2019070 Active (id: 2335876)
せせり蝶； 挵蝶 [rK]
【 セセリチョウ (nokanji)； せせりちょう 】
1. [n] [uk]
▶ skipper butterfly



History:
2. A 2025-03-31 14:41:15  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ せせり蝶　　 │   378 │  3.8% │
│ 挵蝶　　　　 │     0 │  0.0% │ - rK (daijr)
│ せせりちょう │ 1,311 │ 13.0% │
│ セセリチョウ │ 8,377 │ 83.2% │ - move up
╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,3 +10,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>せせりちょう</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -16,0 +14,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>せせりちょう</reb>
1. A 2004-06-06 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2223640 Active (id: 2335896)

ワロス； わろす [sk]
1. [exp] [net-sl]
▶ LOL
▶ haha
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2741960 ワロエナイ 1. it's no laughing matter; I can't laugh about it
  ⇐ see: 2223650 テラワロス 1. LMAO; ROFL; ROFLMAO; hahahaha
  ⇐ see: 2742210 ギガワロス 1. LMAO; ROFL; ROFLMAO; hahahaha



History:
12. A 2025-03-31 20:19:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11. A* 2025-03-31 13:45:46 
  Refs: 
ワロス	116025	92.6%
わろす	9252	7.4% daijr
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>わろす</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
10. A 2019-12-27 04:46:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2019-12-26 22:20:17  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
On second thought, maybe better to reserve ROTFL and LMAO for ギガワロス and テラワロス.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,2 +10,0 @@
-<gloss>ROTFL</gloss>
-<gloss>LMAO</gloss>
8. A* 2019-12-26 17:36:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/LMAO
  Comments: 
I think we can add "haha" for the people who don't understand these acronyms.
  Diff: 
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<misc>&net-sl;</misc>
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<gloss>LMAO</gloss>
+<gloss>haha</gloss>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 2278210 Deleted (id: 2335894)

アイシュ
1. [n] {computing}
▶ ish



History:
3. D 2025-03-31 20:18:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Bizarre
2. A* 2025-03-31 14:29:19 
  Comments: 
?
1. A 2008-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2300400 Active (id: 2335884)

システムアドミニストレーター； システム・アドミニストレーター； システムアドミニストレータ [sk] ； システム・アドミニストレータ [sk]
1. [n] {computing}
▶ system administrator



History:
4. A 2025-03-31 18:51:28  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>システムアドミニストレータ</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -11 +8 @@
-<reb>システム・アドミニストレータ</reb>
+<reb>システム・アドミニストレーター</reb>
@@ -14 +11,6 @@
-<reb>システム・アドミニストレーター</reb>
+<reb>システムアドミニストレータ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>システム・アドミニストレータ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3. A* 2025-03-31 14:26:35 
  Refs: 
システムアドミニストレータ	0	0.0%
システム・アドミニストレータ	0	0.0%
システムアドミニストレーター	0	0.0% gg5, daij, shinsen
システム・アドミニストレーター	0	0.0%
  Diff: 
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<reb>システムアドミニストレーター</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>システム・アドミニストレーター</reb>
2. A 2013-05-11 08:05:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>システム・アドミニストレータ</reb>
1. A 2008-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2406030 Active (id: 2335888)

パパラッチ； パパラッツィ [sk]
1. [n] Source lang: ita
▶ paparazzi



History:
5. A 2025-03-31 20:03:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-03-31 13:55:15 
  Refs: 
パパラッチ	93933	99.6%
パパラッツィ	414	0.4% daijs
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>パパラッツィ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3. A 2015-03-24 03:38:22  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2015-03-23 10:28:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<lsource xml:lang="ita"/>
1. A 2008-09-23 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2437720 Active (id: 2335857)

エンスージアスト； インシュージアスト [sk] ； インスージアスト [sk]
1. [n]
▶ enthusiast
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2004540 エンスー 1. enthusiast



History:
3. A 2025-03-31 10:32:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Whee.
2. A* 2025-03-31 09:23:39 
  Refs: 
インシュージアスト	0	0.0%
インスージアスト	0	0.0%
エンシュージアスト	0	0.0%
エンスージアスト	4588	100.0% daijr
  Diff: 
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<reb>エンスージアスト</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -8,0 +13 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
1. A 2009-04-10 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2613670 Active (id: 2335885)

アヴィエーション； アビエーション； エビエーション [sk] ； アビエイション [sk] ； エイビエーション [sk]
1. [n]
▶ aviation
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1281270 航空 1. aviation; flying



History:
4. A 2025-03-31 18:52:41  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -24 +24 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1281270">航空・こうくう</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1281270">航空</xref>
3. A* 2025-03-31 14:13:10 
  Refs: 
〈ア／エ（イ／ー）〉〈ビ／ヴィ〉エ〈ー／イ〉ション
アビエーション	780	39.0%
エビエーション	298	14.9%
エイビエーション	0	0.0% daijs
アヴィエーション	819	40.9%
アビエイション	104	5.2%
  Diff: 
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<reb>アヴィエーション</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9,12 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>エビエーション</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>アビエイション</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>エイビエーション</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2. A 2011-03-02 00:56:42  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-03-02 00:55:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijirin, Eijiro

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jmdict 2717360 Active (id: 2335848)
えも言はず； えも言はぬ [sK]
【 えもいわず 】
1. [exp,adj-f] [arch]
《also used adverbially》
▶ indescribable (beauty, awfulness, etc.)
▶ unutterable
▶ inexpressable
▶ unspeakable



History:
5. A 2025-03-31 06:48:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Very marginal.
4. A* 2025-03-30 12:37:34  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
taishukan全訳古語: 何とも言いようがないほど甚だしい
Shinsen: なんとも言いようがないほどすばらしく。
Both give adjectival glosses but shinsen points out that it is also adverbially. 

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────┬───────╮
│ えも言はず │ 50 │ 61.0% │
│ えも言はぬ │ 32 │ 39.0% │might just have it here as a search key? The other option would be to have a second entry
╰─ーーーーー─┴────┴───────╯
  Comments: 
Doesn't mean "inexplicably" from what I can see. Adj-f might also be appropriate here
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>えも言はぬ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,0 +16 @@
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -13,2 +18,5 @@
-<gloss>inexplicably</gloss>
-<gloss>unexplainably</gloss>
+<s_inf>also used adverbially</s_inf>
+<gloss>indescribable (beauty, awfulness, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>unutterable</gloss>
+<gloss>inexpressable</gloss>
+<gloss>unspeakable</gloss>
3. A 2012-05-27 23:22:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-05-27 20:32:11  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daij, nikk, oubunsha kogo jiten.  all use the headword えも言はず and indicate that は is pronounced わ here
  Comments: 
please provide references and an english translation.  it's not our duty to translate japanese to english nor estonian to english
  Diff: 
@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@
-<keb>えも言わず</keb>
+<keb>えも言はず</keb>
@@ -11,2 +11,4 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>???</gloss>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>inexplicably</gloss>
+<gloss>unexplainably</gloss>
1. A* 2012-05-27 06:32:46 
  Comments: 
sõnul seletamatu

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jmdict 2742210 Active (id: 2335900)

ギガワロス； ギガわろす [sk]
1. [exp] [net-sl]
▶ LMAO
▶ ROFL
▶ ROFLMAO
▶ hahahaha
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2223650 テラワロス 1. LMAO; ROFL; ROFLMAO; hahahaha
  ⇒ see: 2223640 ワロス 1. LOL; haha



History:
7. A 2025-03-31 21:46:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-03-31 13:46:43 
  Refs: 
ギガワロス	1597	100.0%
ギガわろす	0	0.0% daijr
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ギガわろす</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
5. A 2019-12-28 19:22:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2019-12-27 20:02:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ROFLMAO
  Comments: 
I never thought I'd use ROFLMAO as a gloss but it's no more ridiculous than ギガワロス.
  Diff: 
@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>really laughing my ass off</gloss>
-<gloss>extreme rolling on the floor laughing</gloss>
+<gloss>LMAO</gloss>
+<gloss>ROFL</gloss>
+<gloss>ROFLMAO</gloss>
+<gloss>hahahaha</gloss>
3. A 2019-12-26 17:38:00  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<misc>&net-sl;</misc>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2793180 Active (id: 2335899)

ずたぼろ； ズタボロ； ずたボロ [sk]
1. [adj-na,adj-no] [col]
▶ in tatters
▶ in pieces
▶ wiped out
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2591700 【ズタズタ】 1. to pieces; into shreds
  ⇒ see: 1572500 【ボロ】 4. worn-out; run-down; shabby; ragged; tattered



History:
8. A 2025-03-31 21:45:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-03-31 14:54:57 
  Refs: 
daijisen
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -16 +16,0 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<misc>&col;</misc>
6. A* 2025-03-31 14:52:07 
  Diff: 
@@ -19 +18,0 @@
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
5. A 2025-02-15 03:24:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-02-14 23:03:57  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Kyoto/Melbourne N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───┬───────╮
│ ずた襤褸 │ 1 │100.0% │I feel like this deserves honorary inclusion (just kidding)
╰─ーーーー─┴───┴───────╯
  Comments: 
I sadly don't have access to the KOD addenda, but I sifted through what I could find anyway for the past thirty minutes. And found nothing :(
So frustrating. I love rare words

Also nice idea with the xrefs
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2835213 Active (id: 2335890)

バラエティーミート； バラエティミート； バラエティー・ミート； バラエティ・ミート
1. [n]
▶ variety meat
▶ offal



History:
4. A 2025-03-31 20:13:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-03-31 13:27:41 
  Refs: 
バラエティーミート	942	88.4%
バラエティー・ミート	0	0.0%
バラエティミート	124	11.6% sankoku
バラエティ・ミート	0	0.0%
  Diff: 
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<reb>バラエティミート</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>バラエティ・ミート</reb>
2. A 2018-04-01 11:43:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
JLD
1. A* 2018-04-01 03:36:27  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijs

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jmdict 2839861 Active (id: 2335904)
断りを入れる
【 ことわりをいれる 】
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to inform
▶ to give notice
▶ to tell in advance
▶ to ask for permission (before doing something)
▶ to ask first
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1419570 断る 2. to inform; to give notice; to ask in advance (and get approval); to get permission

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2025-03-31 21:56:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Added
5. A* 2025-03-28 07:33:26  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijs:
こと‐わ・る【断る〔断わる〕】
① あらかじめ知らせておいて了解を得る。許しを得る。

https://ja.hinative.com/questions/25808439
「断りを入れる」は「断る」の意味のうち、上記１だけを表します。

oukoku:
こと‐わ・る【断る・（断わる）】
① 前もって知らせて、承諾を得る。「あらかじめ―・っておく」

daijr:
ことわ・る[3]【断る（断わる）】
②前もって事情を伝えて、了解を求める。承認・承諾を求める。
  Comments: 
our 断る entry is missing the 許しを得る。承諾を得る, etc. part. We can add it and have a full alignment.
4. A* 2025-03-27 21:39:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I'm not sure a total alignment is appropriate. I'll put back Marcus' original glosses and leave it open for discussion.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@
+<gloss>to ask for permission (before doing something)</gloss>
+<gloss>to ask first</gloss>
3. A* 2025-03-26 15:32:56  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
jitsuyou:
単に「断る」とも言う。

gg5:
事前にひとこと断りを入れておいたほうがいいよ.　You'd better ┏let them know in advance [say something beforehand].
  Comments: 
align with 断る.
  Diff: 
@@ -13,2 +13,4 @@
-<gloss>to ask for permission (before doing something)</gloss>
-<gloss>to ask first</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1419570">断る・2</xref>
+<gloss>to inform</gloss>
+<gloss>to give notice</gloss>
+<gloss>to tell in advance</gloss>
2. A 2019-05-20 01:31:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2846849 Active (id: 2335849)

ファッションタトゥー； ファッション・タトゥー
1. [n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "fashion tattoo"
▶ non-traditional tattoo
▶ Western-style tattoo (often small)



History:
6. A 2025-03-31 06:56:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ファッションタトゥー	910
  Comments: 
I guess most tattoos are like that.
5. A* 2025-03-30 08:07:15 
  Comments: 
I don't think "vhose. for self-exprrssion" adds much
  Diff: 
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>Western-style tattoo chosen for self-expression (often small)</gloss>
+<gloss>Western-style tattoo (often small)</gloss>
4. A 2020-10-01 06:27:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I think that helps.
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>Western-style tattoo chosen for self-expression (often small)</gloss>
3. A* 2020-09-30 23:48:29  Opencooper
  Refs: 
https://www.usfca.edu/center-asia-pacific/perspectives/v16n1/skutlin
  Comments: 
I know we tend to imply a Japanese perspective for our entries (especially when 「国」 is involved), but I 
think more context would help here. "Non-traditional" can mean many things and presumes a specific tradition.

Maybe "[expl] smaller Western-style tattoo chosen for self-expression (avoiding the stigma around irezumi)" or 
simply " (as opposed to irezumi)", with an x-ref.
2. A 2020-09-30 02:02:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2849013 Active (id: 2335887)
ＪＳ
【 ジェー・エス； ジェーエス [sk] ； ジェイエス [sk] 】
1. [n] [sl,abbr]
《from "joshi shōgakusei"（女子小学生）》
▶ female elementary school student
2. [n] {computing}
▶ JavaScript
▶ JS
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2302400 【ジャバスクリプト】 1. JavaScript



History:
7. A 2025-03-31 20:03:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-03-31 12:30:46 
  Refs: 
daijs
  Diff: 
@@ -23,0 +24,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2302400">ジャバスクリプト</xref>
+<field>&comp;</field>
+<gloss>JavaScript</gloss>
+<gloss>JS</gloss>
5. A 2023-03-17 18:21:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Probably better like this.
  Diff: 
@@ -22 +22 @@
-<s_inf>from 女子小学生 (joshi shōgakusei)</s_inf>
+<s_inf>from "joshi shōgakusei"（女子小学生）</s_inf>
4. A 2023-03-17 04:28:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-03-17 01:54:51  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>ジェイエス</reb>
+<reb>ジェー・エス</reb>
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -14,4 +15,2 @@
-<reb>ジェイ・エス</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ジェー・エス</reb>
+<reb>ジェイエス</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -21,0 +21,2 @@
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<s_inf>from 女子小学生 (joshi shōgakusei)</s_inf>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2856563 Deleted (id: 2335905)
火傷じゃすまない； 火傷じゃ済まない
【 やけどじゃすまない 】
1. [exp] [col]
▶ going crazy
▶ losing consciousness​



History:
9. D 2025-03-31 22:00:56  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
I think there's a case for adding a new figurative sense to our やけど entry. All of the kokugos have one.
E.g. sankoku: あぶないことに手を出して、ひどいめにあうこと。「ギャンブルで━をする」
8. D* 2025-03-31 21:54:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I'm not seeing a case for its revival.
7. A* 2025-03-30 22:23:39 
  Refs: 
https://www.google.com/search?udm=36&q=火傷じゃ済まない

https://s.awa.fm/track/332ad53725bf80719060

https://equal-love.fandom.com/wiki/Junkies#Kanji
6. D 2022-10-11 21:32:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Shut it off.
5. A* 2022-10-11 10:31:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
洒落にならない	61723
正気を失う	3441
身も心も奪われる	62
  Comments: 
Yes, it's not as common as two of the ones referred to.
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2864796 Active (id: 2335859)
被覆形
【 ひふくけい 】
1. [n] {linguistics}
▶ bound form (in Japanese morphology)
▶ covered form
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2864797 露出形 1. exposed form (in Japanese morphology)



History:
7. A 2025-03-31 10:34:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Thanks. In many way the ideal gloss for this sort of term is brief and accurate and gives a starting point for further exploration.
6. A* 2025-03-31 08:38:42  Sombrero1
  Comments: 
I believe this version is fine, I couldn't really come up with something better. I agree that it's far too obscure, and most likely complex, to attempt explaining it. I doubt that there's going to be many people looking here first when encountering this term but I think it at least gives them something to go off of if they do. I think Imabi has a somewhat comprehensive article about this IIRC.

If noone else has anything to add then this and the other one can probably be closed.
5. A* 2025-03-28 21:36:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Reopen
4. A 2025-03-28 21:35:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I think the glossing needs to be much simpler without attempting to explain such an obscure term. I think "covered" is a better match for 被覆.
I'll approve this version and reopen for further discussion.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>covert form of native Japanese a word (used only in compounds; e.g. かな instead of かね in 金槌)</gloss>
-<gloss>bound form</gloss>
+<gloss>bound form (in Japanese morphology)</gloss>
+<gloss>covered form</gloss>
3. A* 2025-03-28 10:19:14  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Important to note
  Diff: 
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>covert form of a word (used only in compounds; e.g. かな instead of かね in 金槌)</gloss>
+<gloss>covert form of native Japanese a word (used only in compounds; e.g. かな instead of かね in 金槌)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2864797 Active (id: 2335860)
露出形
【 ろしゅつけい 】
1. [n] {linguistics}
▶ exposed form (in Japanese morphology)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2864796 被覆形 1. bound form (in Japanese morphology); covered form



History:
6. A 2025-03-31 10:34:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-03-28 21:40:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Reopen
4. A 2025-03-28 21:40:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
See my comments on the 被覆形 entry.
  Diff: 
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>exposed form of a native Japanese word (can be used as a standalone word unlike the covert form; e.g. 金 as かね and not かな)</gloss>
+<gloss>exposed form (in Japanese morphology)</gloss>
3. A* 2025-03-28 10:28:38  Sombrero1
  Comments: 
Ignore the second paragraph of the previous comment section, I can't read...

Sorry for the confusion
  Diff: 
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>exposed form of a native Japanese word (can be used as a standalone word unlike the covert form; e.g. 白 as しろ and not しら)</gloss>
+<gloss>exposed form of a native Japanese word (can be used as a standalone word unlike the covert form; e.g. 金 as かね and not かな)</gloss>
2. A* 2025-03-28 10:17:51  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
I think "native Japanese" is relevant information

The exposed forms are generally believed to have derived from suffixation and subsequent contraction of the covert forms, or just from the covert forms in general.

E.g. 黄泉・よみ which is thought to be the 露出形 of the older よも found only as a 被覆形 (e.g. よもつXX).
  Comments: 
I'm having second thoughts about "not used in compounds", because it's technically wrong. There's plenty of words containing 雨 as あめ and not あま. I think it is a bit more difficult to define this as it's not a limited phenomenon like the 被覆形 is, which exclusively appears in compounds.

I see we have 白・しら with a noun/adj-na sense which would contradict this. But from what I saw just now the しら here is 熟字訓 and comes from 知ら(ない) and not the 被覆形 しら.
I'll look into that later and amend the entry if required.
  Diff: 
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>exposed form of a word (not used in compounds; e.g. あめ instead of あま for 雨)</gloss>
+<gloss>exposed form of a native Japanese word (can be used as a standalone word unlike the covert form; e.g. 白 as しろ and not しら)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2864825 Active (id: 2335856)

オイルランプ； オイル・ランプ
1. [n]
▶ oil lamp



History:
2. A 2025-03-31 10:29:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/オイルランプ
オイルランプ	19039
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>オイル・ランプ</reb>
1. A* 2025-03-30 13:03:03 
  Refs: 
Dictionary "和英自動車用語集－ｂｙ Ｋ．Ｔｏｍｉｔａ．（１６０００項目）"; also from the CryoFall game

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jmdict 2864827 Active (id: 2335855)
波腹
【 はふく 】
1. [n] [rare] {physics}
▶ antinode
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1501110 腹 9. anti-node



History:
4. A 2025-03-31 10:26:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
It's in several of my glossaries:
科学:
- antinode	波腹 [機械,電情] ; 腹 [その他,機械,基礎]
- current antinode	電流波腹点 [電情]
NEC Engineering:
- 波腹	antinode
電子:
- 波腹 [はふく] /antinode/current loop/
- 波腹（振動） [はふく] /antinode/
建築:
- 波腹 [はふく] /antinode/
Eijiro has it too.
  Comments: 
I think it can stay with the [rare] tag.
3. A* 2025-03-31 03:36:02  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
The usual Japanese word for this is 腹. I don't see 波腹 in any of my references other than gg5. It seems it is used in Chinese, however.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────╮
│ 波腹　 │ 100 │
│ 波の腹 │ 211 │
╰─ーーー─┴─────╯
  Comments: 
As it stands, I don't think this is a trustworthy entry. I'd delete it.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1501110">腹・9</xref>
@@ -12,0 +14 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
2. A 2025-03-31 03:29:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-03-30 22:36:33 
  Refs: 
研究社　新和英大辞典　第５版

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jmdict 2864828 Active (id: 2335845)
定在波
【 ていざいは 】
1. [n] {physics}
▶ standing wave
▶ stationary wave
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1943130 定常波 1. standing wave; stationary wave



History:
2. A 2025-03-31 06:09:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-03-31 03:43:46  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, daijr/s, JA wiki

All of the refs redirect to 定常波, which is strangely less common in the n-gram corpus.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 定在波 │ 17,219 │ 75.2% │
│ 定常波 │  5,690 │ 24.8% │
╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
Kyoto/Melbourne N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 定在波 │ 1,146 │ 74.0% │
│ 定常波 │   403 │ 26.0% │
╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2864829 Active (id: 2335862)
ＩＰｖ４
【 アイ・ピー・ブイ・フォー； アイピーブイフォー [sk] 】
1. [n] {computing}
▶ IPv4
▶ Internet Protocol version 4



History:
2. A 2025-03-31 10:38:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-03-31 08:54:33 
  Refs: 
daij

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jmdict 2864830 Active (id: 2335861)
振り動かす
【 ふりうごかす 】
1. [v5s,vt]
《stronger than 振る》
▶ to shake
▶ to swing
▶ to wave
▶ to wag
▶ to jolt
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1361330 振る【ふる】 1. to wave; to shake; to swing

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-03-31 10:36:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-03-31 09:26:40  Sombrero1
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 振り動かす │ 817 │100.0% │GG5, Lighthouse, Smk, Koj, Nikk
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
Smk: 「振る㊀」の強調形

46 sentences on yourei:
https://yourei.jp/振り動かす

Reverso also has some examples:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/振り動かす

I also remember seeing this word a few days ago

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jmdict 2864831 Active (id: 2335895)

リビジョニズム； リヴィジョニズム
1. [n]
▶ revisionism
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1734720 修正主義 1. revisionism



History:
2. A 2025-03-31 20:19:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
中辞典, etc. too.
1. A* 2025-03-31 13:50:42 
  Refs: 
gg5, daij

リビジョニズム	608	66.5%
リヴィジョニズム	306	33.5%

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jmnedict 5049950 Active (id: 2335898)

チェルニゴフ； チェルニーヒウ； チェルニヒウ
1. [place]
▶ Chernihiv (Ukraine)
▶ Chernigov



History:
4. A 2025-03-31 20:27:02  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ チェルニゴフ　 │ 326 │ 84.0% │
│ チェルニーヒウ │  62 │ 16.0% │
│ チェルニヒウ　 │   0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
  Comments: 
Merge
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チェルニヒウ</reb>
3. A 2025-03-31 03:24:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-03-31 01:11:16 
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チェルニーヒウ
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チェルニーヒウ</reb>
1. A 2022-03-08 02:59:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Russia conversion
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -9 +9,2 @@
-<gloss>Chernigov (Russia)</gloss>
+<gloss>Chernihiv (Ukraine)</gloss>
+<gloss>Chernigov</gloss>

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jmnedict 5743965 Deleted (id: 2335897)

チェルニヒウ
1. [place]
▶ Chernigov (Ukraine)



History:
4. D 2025-03-31 20:26:29  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Merge
3. A 2022-04-24 12:00:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -8,2 +8,2 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>Chernigov</gloss>
+<misc>&place;</misc>
+<gloss>Chernigov (Ukraine)</gloss>
2. A 2022-04-24 11:59:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2022-04-24 07:51:43  Alex Lasto <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チェルニーヒウ

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