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jmdict 1180360 Active (id: 2333195)
押し付ける [ichi1,news2,nf25] 押しつける押付ける [sK]
おしつける [ichi1,news2,nf25]
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to press against
▶ to push against
▶ to force against
2. [v1,vt]
▶ to foist on (task, responsibility)
▶ to impose (one's will)

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2025-02-23 10:51:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-02-23 08:14:59  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
押し付ける 298,751  66.8% 
押しつける 130,807  29.2% 
押付ける    3,917   0.9% -sK
おしつける  13,861   3.1%
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2020-07-27 00:06:22  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2020-07-26 18:58:48 
  Refs:
大辞林
https://kotobank.jp/jeword/押し付ける
  Comments:
付ける usually means against
  Diff:
@@ -25,3 +25,3 @@
-<gloss>to press</gloss>
-<gloss>to push</gloss>
-<gloss>to force</gloss>
+<gloss>to press against</gloss>
+<gloss>to push against</gloss>
+<gloss>to force against</gloss>
2. A 2018-09-10 07:47:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5 has 3 senses; most other JEs have two.
  Diff:
@@ -32,2 +32,2 @@
-<gloss>to foist (a task, responsibility) on</gloss>
-<gloss>to impose (one's will) on</gloss>
+<gloss>to foist on (task, responsibility)</gloss>
+<gloss>to impose (one's will)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1182110 Active (id: 2333242)
黄泉
よみ [gikun] こうせん
1. [n]
▶ Hades
▶ hell
▶ underworld
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1606060 黄泉の国【よみのくに】 1. Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
  ⇐ see: 1950330 黄泉路【よみじ】 2. Hades; hell; underworld
  ⇐ see: 2538100 黄泉国【よもつくに】 1. Hades; realm of the dead; the next world
  ⇐ see: 2754870 黄壌【こうじょう】 2. Hades; hell; underworld; world of the dead
  ⇐ see: 2239530 泉門【せんもん】 2. gates of Hades; entrance to the underworld
2. (こうせん only) [n] [obs]
《orig. meaning》
▶ underground spring



History:
4. A 2025-02-23 21:29:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-02-23 19:32:48  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
I believe よみ should be first, it's the only reading of this word I've ever encountered. Also only ever seen it with the "Hell" sense.
Out of twelve examples I've listened to on youglish 11 were よみ and one was こうせん.

And yomi is the word originally used for "Hades" and "the underword".
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/黄泉#Etymology
  Comments:
I think this would be another case for reading misc tags, sankoku and shinsen tag こうせん as [文章語]
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<reb>こうせん</reb>
+<reb>よみ</reb>
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
@@ -11,2 +12 @@
-<reb>よみ</reb>
-<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
+<reb>こうせん</reb>
2. A 2023-10-07 11:39:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-10-06 22:47:16  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s, meikyo, smk, etc. have よみ marked as a 熟字訓.
None of my refs mention 地獄 in their entries except for nikkoku. Most of them have 冥土 instead. The xref doesn't seem necessary for either.

The "underground spring" sense in the refs is only mentioned as the original meaning if it's mentioned at all. I'm moving it to the second sense.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 黄泉 │   246,979 │  6.0% │
│ 地獄 │ 3,864,797 │ 94.0% │
╰─ーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
There are many other entries that reference this entry that need to point to sense [1]
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
@@ -14 +14,0 @@
-<stagr>こうせん</stagr>
@@ -16,5 +15,0 @@
-<gloss>underground spring</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1421090">地獄・1</xref>
@@ -24,0 +20,7 @@
+<sense>
+<stagr>こうせん</stagr>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&obs;</misc>
+<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf>
+<gloss>underground spring</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1469210 Active (id: 2333250)
年末 [ichi1,news1,nf04]
ねんまつ [ichi1,news1,nf04]
1. [n,adv]
▶ end-of-year
▶ year-end



History:
4. A 2025-02-23 23:58:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-02-23 19:41:04 
  Refs:
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/年末
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<gloss>year-end</gloss>
2. A 2021-03-31 04:43:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update n-adv to n,adv
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17,2 @@
-<pos>&n-adv;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
1. A 2021-03-10 00:35:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update: Removal of n-t POS
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -18 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&n-t;</pos>

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jmdict 1617260 Active (id: 2333216)
惹起じゃっ起 [sK]
じゃっき
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ bringing about
▶ cause
▶ provocation

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-02-23 17:50:18  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-02-23 11:16:15 
  Refs:
惹起	115730	99.9%
じゃっ起	109	0.1%

http://www.omb-shizu.sakura.ne.jp/r3sinhyouki.pdf
公用文 用字・用語・送り仮名 例集

じゃっ起{;「惹起」とは書かない
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>じゃっ起</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1. A 2021-11-18 00:55:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>

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jmdict 1617960 Active (id: 2333186)
揮毫 [news2,nf37] 揮ごう [sK]
きごう [news2,nf37]
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ writing (esp. commissioned calligraphy)
▶ drawing
▶ painting

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-02-23 07:40:29  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-02-23 06:30:51 
  Refs:
揮毫	41421	96.1%
揮ごう	1685	3.9%
  Comments:
saw on nhk
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>揮ごう</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2021-11-18 00:36:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
2. A 2012-09-09 23:31:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Too encyclopaedic.
  Diff:
@@ -17,1 +17,1 @@
-<gloss>writing (esp. commissioned calligraphy as signs or of mottoes by calligraphers or prominent individuals)</gloss>
+<gloss>writing (esp. commissioned calligraphy)</gloss>
1. A* 2012-09-09 14:22:58  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5 ja:WP
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/揮毫
  Comments:
Clarify – esp. for commissioned works on signs.
(Saw on ja:WP on 扁額 page, and seems esp. applied to those.)
  Diff:
@@ -17,1 +17,1 @@
-<gloss>writing</gloss>
+<gloss>writing (esp. commissioned calligraphy as signs or of mottoes by calligraphers or prominent individuals)</gloss>

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jmdict 1634400 Active (id: 2333192)
拱く拱ねく [sK]
こまねくこまぬく
1. [v5k,vt] [uk]
▶ to fold (one's) arms
2. [v5k,vt] [uk]
《as 手を〜, 腕を〜 etc.》
▶ to stand by and do nothing
▶ to look on passively
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2267430 手をこまねく 2. to stand and watch (without interfering); to stand idly by; to look on with folded arms
  ⇒ see: 2102280 腕をこまねく 1. to look on with arms folded

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-02-23 10:40:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-23 08:10:40  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs:
② (「腕をこまぬく」などの形で)何もしないで傍観する。「手を―・いて待つ」

手を拱いて 4,343 
腕を拱いて   111 

拱く   1,292  26.5% 
拱ねく      0   0.0% -sK
こまぬく 1,066  21.9% 
こまねく 2,518  51.6% -move up

手をこまねいて 29,721 
手をこまぬいて  2,698 

meikyo:
こまね・く【拱く】
◇「こまぬく」の転。現在は「こまねく」が一般的。
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,2 +12 @@
-<reb>こまぬく</reb>
-<re_restr>拱く</re_restr>
+<reb>こまねく</reb>
@@ -16 +15 @@
-<reb>こまねく</reb>
+<reb>こまぬく</reb>
@@ -26,0 +26,4 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2267430">手をこまねく・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2102280">腕をこまねく</xref>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<s_inf>as 手を〜, 腕を〜 etc.</s_inf>

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jmdict 1789220 Active (id: 2333605)
特許料
とっきょりょう
1. [n]
▶ patent filing fee
▶ patent maintenance fee
2. [n]
▶ royalty
▶ patent usage fee



History:
5. A 2025-03-02 19:42:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-03-02 09:11:33  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/特許料
"特許のライセンス料「ロイヤルティー」とは異なります。"

Nikkoku, daijr, GG5 and Wisdom describe just the first sense, Chuujiten describes both and JWN has only royalty.
  Comments:
Still not too sure but it doesn't hurt to have both if they're kept seperate I guess.
3. A* 2025-02-28 05:25:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Simplifying a bit. As indicated by the Chūjiten gloss, I feel there are two senses; one for the fee for establishing a patent, and one for using a patent. It's sort of an abbreviation of both 特許申請のための料 and 特許権使用料.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>patent fee (fee paid to the government for obtaining and maintaining patent ownership rights)</gloss>
+<gloss>patent filing fee</gloss>
@@ -13,0 +14,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>royalty</gloss>
+<gloss>patent usage fee</gloss>
2. A* 2025-02-26 19:47:00  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
I believe that the cases were this has been translated as "royalty" are just errors. I think "royalty" and "patent fee" may get mixed up quite easily, on top of that I've rarely ever heard the word "patent fee" in daily life. However "royalty" I've heard a ton of times by now, if it's not just me, that also may contribute to the confusion.

GG5: patent fee
Wisdom: patent fee
Chuujiten: 特許料 <特許申請のための> a patent fee ; <特許権使用料> a royalty 


I'm sure this is no generally failsafe argument, but from a compositional standpoint 特許料 being "patent fee", and 特許権使用料 (which Jim just proposed an entry for) being "royalty" (i.e. payment made by a licensee to the patent owner in exchange for the right to use the patented intellectual property) makes total sense. I know that this "sum-of-its-parts" approach oftentimes fails, but here it works very well in my eyes.
   → 特許[patent]料[fee] ; i.e. patent fee
   → 特許権[patent rights]使用[usage]料[fee] ; i.e. royalty


The kokugos also don't mention something along the lines of "royalty (fee)"
  Comments:
>Searching for 特許料 in purely Japanese sources, the result seems to be fairly ambiguously "fees paid to the government for the privilege of receiving and maintaining patent rights".

Did you mean unambiguously?
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>patent fee (i.e. fee paid to the government for patent ownership rights)</gloss>
+<gloss>patent fee (fee paid to the government for obtaining and maintaining patent ownership rights)</gloss>
1. A* 2025-02-23 12:21:17  Brian <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ロイヤルティー
実施料やライセンス料とも呼ばれる。 (特許料 does not appear)

特許料	27524	28.7%

Chatgpt's suggestions for "royalty fee":
ロイヤルティー	10504	10.9%
特許使用料	4700	4.9% (使用料 used frequently in wikipedia article)
特許権使用料	3312	3.5%
ライセンス料	39069	40.7%  (also given by wikipedia)
実施料	10829	11.3% (also given by wikipedia)
https://chatgpt.com/share/67baf4f1-bfd8-8008-8476-170cfc6dcde8
It does not typically mean "royalty" or "licensing fee."

Long fee schedule for patent maintenance/renewal, year by year:
https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/process/tesuryo/hyou.html#tokyoryou
4.特許料・登録料
(特許・実用新案の料金が軽減又は免除される制度があります。「特許料等の減免制度について」を御確認ください。)
(1)特許料
平成16年(2004年)3月31日までに審査請求をした出願
....(tables)....

Some thought needs to be given to why 特許料 might have been selected in some of these... In J->E cases, the use of "patent fee" seems to me to often introduce unintended ambiguity. E->J uses seem like poorly-researched translation.  Many examples look to come from government legislation and regulation, where sense [1] is correct.
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/特許料
  Comments:
Reverso gives some examples of 特許料 being used as "royalty fee" or "patent fee" in an obvious "royalty" context, but these seem to me just as likely to be errors introduced by a faulty dictionary entry and E->J translation.  Searching for 特許料 in purely Japanese sources, the result seems to be fairly ambiguously "fees paid to the government for the privilege of receiving and maintaining patent rights".  Incidentally, chatgpt agrees fairly strongly that 特許料 should not be used for "royalty".

"patent fee" is ultimately ambiguous in English (it is commonly interchangeable with "royalty").  So some explicit disambiguation is required.

If we feel "royalty fee" should still be considered "correct", I'd say that is a distinct sense. In that case, I'd propose we enter it as [2][rare] with an xref to ロイヤルティ.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>patent fee</gloss>
-<gloss>royalty</gloss>
+<gloss>patent fee (i.e. fee paid to the government for patent ownership rights)</gloss>
+<gloss>patent maintenance fee</gloss>

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jmdict 1841020 Active (id: 2333252)
譲葉交譲木 [rK] [rK] 譲り葉 [sK]
ゆずりはユズリハ (nokanji)
1. [n] [uk]
▶ false daphne (Daphniphyllum macropodum)
▶ yuzuriha



History:
8. A 2025-02-24 01:30:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
JEs only have 譲葉.
  Comments:
Most of my refs (JEs, Koj, (old) Daijirin) don't mention 楪. I don't think it should lead. I suspect the n-grams may be from elsewhere.
  Diff:
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>楪</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +9,4 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>楪</keb>
7. A* 2025-02-23 17:13:35  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 楪    │  3.837 │  8.9% │move up (only word with this kanji in my refs)
│ 譲葉   │  3.072 │  7.1% │
│ 譲り葉  │    857 │  2.0% │Shinsen, Smk, Meikyo ; add ; [sK]
│ 交譲木  │    108 │  0.3% │Smk, Gendai ; [rK]
│ ゆずりは │ 26.438 │ 61.3% │熟字訓 for 交譲木
│ ユズリハ │  8.797 │ 20.4% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>楪</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11 +15,2 @@
-<keb>楪</keb>
+<keb>譲り葉</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2013-02-11 09:04:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
No. It arrived as part of a "new" entry in 2006, and I merged it in the existing entry. I'll remove it. I'll also change its kanjidic reading to a nanori one.
  Diff:
@@ -12,3 +12,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>杠</keb>
5. A* 2013-02-11 07:52:36  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
also, is there a ref for 杠?  it's in kanjidic, but not in any of my dictionaries.  kojien's kanwa seems to hint that it's a reading only used in names: 人の姓で「ゆずりは」ともよむ。
  Diff:
@@ -8,3 +8,0 @@
-<keb>杠</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
@@ -15,0 +12,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>杠</keb>
4. A* 2013-02-11 07:44:31  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
also, no evidence of this being [ateji] in any of my sources
  Diff:
@@ -6,1 +6,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1926150 Active (id: 2333235)

オフショルダーネックラインオフショルダー・ネックライン
1. [n]
▶ off-the-shoulder neckline



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 20:28:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-23 15:11:03 
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>オフショルダー・ネックライン</reb>

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jmdict 1950330 Active (id: 2333243)
黄泉路黄泉
よみじ
1. [n] [poet]
▶ path to Hades
▶ passage leading to the underworld
2. [n] [poet]
▶ Hades
▶ hell
▶ underworld
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1182110 黄泉【よみ】 1. Hades; hell; underworld



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 23:27:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think having 黄泉 marked is enough.
2. A* 2025-02-23 17:42:43  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
forgot xref
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・よみ・1</xref>
1. A* 2025-02-23 17:41:49  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 黄泉  │ 246.979 │ 96.2% │Saito; Nikk; Daijs/r, Gendai, Smk, Meikyo, Koj ; probably a myriad duplicates
│ 黄泉路 │   9.863 │  3.8% │Letting this stay first because it's in GG5 rather than Saito like the above, and in more of the small(er) kokugos
╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯

Gendai:
1 黄泉へ行く道。冥土へ行く道。
2 ⇒よみ(黄泉)

Shinsen: 
名〘古語〙
❶よみへ行くみち。冥途(めいど)。
❷黄泉。

Copied glosses from 黄泉(よみ)for the second sense

Sankoku and Smk do it indirectly and also give [poet]:

Sankoku:〔雅〕よみへ行く道。また、よみ。
Smk: 〔雅〕よみの国(へ行く時、通るといわれる道)。


Possibly dated? Shinsen tag and included in weblio古語, not sure though.
  Comments:
I would really like to mark 熟字訓 here but it can't be done since 路 isn't part of it, right? Maybe do it and add a note?

I gotta say I really like Saito's glosses a lot (〈名〉Hades; the abode of the shades; the lower world), they're often great, but also a bit too old-fashioned for JMdict most of the time.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>黄泉</keb>
@@ -12 +15,10 @@
-<gloss>road to Hades</gloss>
+<misc>&poet;</misc>
+<gloss>path to Hades</gloss>
+<gloss>passage leading to the underworld</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&poet;</misc>
+<gloss>Hades</gloss>
+<gloss>hell</gloss>
+<gloss>underworld</gloss>

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jmdict 2014850 Active (id: 2333233)

アンキロサウルスアンキロザウルス [sk]
1. [n] Source lang: lat
▶ ankylosaurus



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 20:19:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-02-23 17:21:06 
  Refs:
アンキロザウルス	106	3.2%
アンキロサウルス	3247	96.8%
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<reb>アンキロサウルス</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
1. A 2003-12-03 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2015210 Active (id: 2333228)

プテラノドンテラノドン [sk]
1. [n] Source lang: lat
▶ pteranodon



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 20:15:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>Pteranodon</gloss>
+<gloss>pteranodon</gloss>
2. A* 2025-02-23 17:38:33 
  Refs:
daijs

プテラノドン	14938	97.7%
テラノドン	345	2.3%
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>テラノドン</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
1. A 2003-12-03 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2015220 Active (id: 2333231)

プレシオサウルスプレシオザウルス [sk]
1. [n]
▶ plesiosaurus



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 20:18:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>Plesiosaurus</gloss>
+<gloss>plesiosaurus</gloss>
2. A* 2025-02-23 17:20:38 
  Refs:
プレシオザウルス	539	4.0%
プレシオサウルス	13096	96.0%
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<reb>プレシオサウルス</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
1. A 2003-12-03 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2015230 Deleted (id: 2333230)

ブロントザウルス
1. [n] Source lang: lat
▶ Brontosaurus
▶ Apatosaurus



History:
3. D 2025-02-23 20:17:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. D* 2025-02-23 17:19:19 
  Refs:
ブロントサウルス	2290	65.4%
ブロントザウルス	1213	34.6%
  Comments:
merge
1. A 2003-12-03 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2154370 Active (id: 2333246)
陰府
いんぷ
1. [n] [obs]
▶ path to the netherworld (underworld)
▶ Hades
▶ Hell



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 23:41:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Probably not.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・1</xref>
2. A* 2025-02-23 18:59:17  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 陰府  │     5.016 │ 52.9% │
│ いんぷ │     4.460 │ 47.1% │
│ よみ  │ 2.017.494 │  N/A  │I don't see this in my refs
╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
Saito and nikk have this, nikk has three sentences: 1881, 1884, 1890
I think obsolete fits here
  Comments:
Fixed xref, is it even needed here?
  Diff:
@@ -10,4 +9,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>よみ</reb>
-<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
-</r_ele>
@@ -16 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・1</xref>
+<misc>&obs;</misc>
1. A 2007-03-28 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2239530 Active (id: 2333255)
泉門
せんもん
1. [n] {physiology}
▶ soft spot (in the skull of an infant)
▶ fontanelle
▶ fontanel
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2454470 顋門【ひよめき】 1. fontanel; fontanelle
2. [n]
▶ gates of Hades
▶ entrance to the underworld
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1182110 黄泉 1. Hades; hell; underworld



History:
3. A 2025-02-24 02:45:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-02-23 19:05:19  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
【解】 the fontanel(le)s. → [physiol]

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 泉門   │ 5.881 │ 86.8% │
│ 顖門   │     0 │  0.0% │other word we have for fontanelle
│ 顋門   │     0 │  0.0% │              ""
│ ひよめき │   892 │ 13.2% │              ""
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Comments:
fixed xref, second sense might be archaic
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&physiol;</field>
@@ -18 +19 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・1</xref>
1. A 2007-12-20 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2452150 Active (id: 2333217)
弱起
じゃっき
1. [n] {music}
▶ anacrusis



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 17:50:52  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, gg5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacrusis
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&music;</field>
1. A 2009-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2454470 Active (id: 2333254)
顋門顖門
ひよめき
1. [n] [uk,rare] {physiology}
▶ fontanel
▶ fontanelle
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2239530 泉門 1. soft spot (in the skull of an infant); fontanelle; fontanel



History:
7. A 2025-02-24 02:19:07  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.kanjipedia.jp/kanji/0002542600
顖 is not kyuujitai for 顋. My kanwas list 囟 as an itaiji for 顖, but no mention of 顋.
  Diff:
@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2025-02-24 00:01:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-02-23 19:13:31  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 泉門   │ 5.881 │ 86.8% │more common ; [rare]
│ 顖門   │     0 │  0.0% │Based on what is this tagged [oK]?
│ 顋門   │     0 │  0.0% │
│ ひよめき │   892 │ 13.2% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Comments:
According to smk, daijr and daijs both kanji forms are 熟字訓, but I left out the tag for now because of Jim's comment below. しんもん
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<field>&physiol;</field>
@@ -18,0 +20 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
4. A 2016-11-03 07:11:56  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2016-11-03 05:35:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2538100 Active (id: 2333247)
黄泉国黄泉つ国 [sK]
よもつくに
1. [n] [arch]
▶ Hades
▶ realm of the dead
▶ the next world
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1182110 黄泉【よみ】 1. Hades; hell; underworld
  ⇒ see: 1606060 黄泉の国 1. Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
  ⇐ see: 2824910 黄泉戸喫【よもつへぐい】 1. eating the food of the dead (which prevents return from the underworld)



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 23:41:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-02-23 19:20:01  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 黄泉国  │ 4.869 │ 99.6% │Probably some false hits from よみのくに
│ 黄泉つ国 │    20 │  0.4% │Shinsen, Nikkoku ; add ; [sK]
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
Supposed 被覆形 of よみ + relational/possessive つ + 国

Shinsen: 〘古語〙 + Nikkoku dating → [arch]
  Comments:
Fixed xref
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>黄泉つ国</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12 +16 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・よみ</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・よみ・1</xref>
@@ -14 +18,2 @@
-<gloss>hades</gloss>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>Hades</gloss>
1. A 2010-04-15 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2594020 Active (id: 2333198)

シー
1. [n]
▶ C
▶ c
2. [n]
▶ Celsius
3. [n]
▶ cyan
4. [n] {computing}
▶ C (programming language)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2560610 C言語 1. C (programming language)



History:
7. A 2025-02-23 11:08:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-02-23 05:13:48 
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -24,0 +25,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2560610">C言語</xref>
+<field>&comp;</field>
+<gloss>C (programming language)</gloss>
5. A 2020-07-22 00:42:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2020-07-22 00:25:30  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
cyan in cmyk, c100, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18,8 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>Celsius</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>cyan</gloss>
+</sense>
3. A 2010-11-14 05:45:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2754870 Active (id: 2333248)
黄壌
こうじょう
1. [n]
▶ yellow soil
▶ loess
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1182180 黄土【おうど】 1. loess
2. [n] [arch]
▶ Hades
▶ hell
▶ underworld
▶ world of the dead
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1182110 黄泉 1. Hades; hell; underworld



History:
8. A 2025-02-23 23:42:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-02-23 19:21:31  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
fixed xref
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・こうせん・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・1</xref>
6. A 2017-11-23 06:46:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2017-11-22 14:22:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s: "黄色の土。黄土。"
  Comments:
This isn't a common term. I think these are the only glosses we need for sense 1.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<gloss>earth</gloss>
@@ -15 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>yellow ochre (ocher)</gloss>
4. A 2015-03-24 22:13:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2775900 Active (id: 2333234)
古葉
ふるばふるは
1. [n] [arch]
▶ old leaf
▶ old leaves



History:
4. A 2025-02-23 20:27:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-02-23 14:05:16  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Nikk:(「ふるは」とも)

Shouldn't be [obs] and [arch]. 
Nikkoku has four example sentences, 3 from pre-1700 and one from 1905, I'd still believe it to be [arch] rather than [obs]
The only other mention I could find was in a gloss of 小学館's 古語大辞典, but the word itself doesn't have an entry there.
  Comments:
Might as well
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ふるは</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -12 +14,0 @@
-<misc>&obs;</misc>
2. A 2013-03-06 09:23:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
No others.
1. A* 2013-03-01 00:10:08  Scott
  Refs:
nikk

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jmdict 2849526 Active (id: 2333229)

ブロントサウルスブロントザウルス
1. [n] Source lang: lat
▶ brontosaurus
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2167750 アパトサウルス 1. apatosaurus; brontosaurus
  ⇐ see: 2026240 雷竜【らいりゅう】 1. brontosaurus; apatosaurus



History:
4. A 2025-02-23 20:17:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-02-23 17:19:34 
  Refs:
ブロントサウルス	2290	65.4%
ブロントザウルス	1213	34.6%
  Comments:
merge
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ブロントザウルス</reb>
2. A 2021-06-13 22:18:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-06-13 17:06:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, koj

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jmdict 2864455 Active (id: 2333196)
敏捷力
びんしょうりょく
1. [n]
▶ dexterity (esp. as an attribute in RPGs)



History:
4. A 2025-02-23 10:53:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Hmmm. Maybe this.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>dexterity</gloss>
+<gloss>dexterity (esp. as an attribute in RPGs)</gloss>
3. D* 2025-02-22 12:41:33 
  Comments:
The specific reason it should be in jmdict is that it's common in RPGs (though not exclusively) and apparently used in D&D.
2. D* 2025-02-22 03:00:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not sure this should be an entry. You can add 力/りょく onto all sorts of things.
The absence of this term from references is a point. The Weblio reference suggested is actually pointing at text within a Wikipedia page about D&D.
Unless someone make a good case for it, I'll drop this proposed entry.
1. A* 2025-02-19 02:26:29 
  Refs:
敏捷力	3497
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ダンジョンズ&ドラゴンズ

https://www.weblio.jp/content/敏捷力

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jmdict 2864492 Active (id: 2333197)
お見せする御見せする [sK]
おみせする
1. [exp,vs-i] [hum]
▶ to show
▶ to display
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1259210 見せる 1. to show; to display

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-02-23 11:07:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
There are several example sentences using this form. I'll reindex some of them.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1259210">見せる・1</xref>
1. A* 2025-02-22 19:15:59  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ お見せする │ 79.181 │ 99.4% │Baffled that this is in none of my dictionaries
│ 御見せする │    450 │  0.6% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
謙譲語 of 見せる

https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20201210-1569071/#:~:text=「お見せする」の使い方,内容を補いましょう。

Loads of reverso and massif sentences: 
https://context.reverso.net/翻訳/日本語-英語/お見せする
https://massif.la/ja/search?q=お見せする


Sankoku has it in their gloss for ご覧に入れる:
お見せする。ご覧に供する。
  Comments:
I just encountered this expression

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jmdict 2864494 Active (id: 2359436)
成り切り [sK]
なりきり
1. [n]
▶ role-play
▶ role-playing
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1848830 成り切る 1. to turn completely into; to become completely



History:
3. A 2026-02-03 05:37:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Remove uk tags
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -14 +13,0 @@
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
2. A 2025-02-23 10:51:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
成り切り	1915
なりきり	674213
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>成り切り</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +13,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1848830">成り切る</xref>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
1. A* 2025-02-23 00:18:53  <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/なりきり
https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Role_Play_(move)

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jmdict 2864495 Active (id: 2333191)

ステーブルステイブル
1. [adj-na]
▶ stable



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 10:27:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-23 03:11:30 
  Refs:
ステーブル	5412	70.1% daijs
ステイブル	2309	29.9% daijr

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jmdict 2864496 Active (id: 2333241)

バタフライエフェクトバタフライ・エフェクト
1. [n]
▶ butterfly effect (chaos theory)



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 21:26:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>butterfly effect (chaos theory)​</gloss>
+<gloss>butterfly effect (chaos theory)</gloss>
2. A 2025-02-23 10:17:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
バタフライエフェクト	5383
1. A* 2025-02-23 03:11:40 
  Refs:
daijr

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jmdict 2864497 Active (id: 2333193)
JPCZ
ジェー・ピー・シー・ゼットジェーピーシーゼット [sk]
1. [n] {meteorology}
▶ Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone
▶ JPCZ
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2852692 日本海寒帯気団収束帯 1. Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone; JPCZ



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 10:41:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-23 08:10:34 
  Refs:
daijs

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jmdict 2864498 Active (id: 2333407)
特許権者
とっきょけんしゃ
1. [n]
▶ owner of the rights to a patent
▶ patentee
▶ holder of a patent



History:
3. A 2025-02-26 23:21:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>holder of a patent</gloss>
2. A 2025-02-24 20:27:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-23 13:10:34  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 特許権者 │ 30.440 │100.0% │GG5, Daijs
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
GG5: patentee
  Comments:
A bit a+b, may or may not be needed.

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jmdict 2864499 Rejected (id: 2333244)
商隊
しょうたい
1. [n] [dated]
▶ caravan
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1713650 隊商 1. caravan (of merchants)

History:
3. R 2025-02-23 23:38:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Fork. I'll transfer the details.
2. A* 2025-02-23 17:48:10  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
I see about a dozen pages in the pixiv encyclopedia that use this word. Seems that it is still used in fictional contexts.
Since it's only in the Saito JE, I'd tag it as [dated].

https://dic.pixiv.net/a/キャラバン
>> 日本語では「隊商」若しくは「商隊」。

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 商隊    │   5,460 │  1.6% │
│ 隊商    │  21,715 │  6.5% │
│ キャラバン │ 304,701 │ 91.8% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1713650">隊商</xref>
+<misc>&dated;</misc>
1. A* 2025-02-23 17:31:00 
  Refs:
NEW斎藤和英大辞典

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jmdict 2864499 Active (id: 2333245)
商隊
しょうたい
1. [n] [dated]
▶ (Chinese) merchant caravan
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1713650 隊商 1. caravan (of merchants)



History:
3. A 2025-02-23 23:39:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Stephen Kraus in another branch:
I see about a dozen pages in the pixiv encyclopedia that use this word. Seems that it is still used in fictional contexts.
Since it's only in the Saito JE, I'd tag it as [dated].

https://dic.pixiv.net/a/キャラバン
>> 日本語では「隊商」若しくは「商隊」。

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 商隊    │   5,460 │  1.6% │
│ 隊商    │  21,715 │  6.5% │
│ キャラバン │ 304,701 │ 91.8% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@
-<misc>&obs;</misc>
-<gloss>(chinese) merchant caravan</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1713650">隊商</xref>
+<misc>&dated;</misc>
+<gloss>(Chinese) merchant caravan</gloss>
2. A* 2025-02-23 17:57:05  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Jawiki mentions it in their caravan entry, but they relate it to chinese merchant caravans, not japanese caravans.
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/キャラバン
中国では「商隊」と自衛能力を持った「馬ま幇」(まほう)とで区別される。(on a sidenote, we have 馬幇 as まばん instead of まほう here)
商人が大半な商隊と、盗賊から自衛できる能力をもった馬幫(馬幇、まほう)とで区別される

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 商隊    │   5.460 │  1.6% │
│ 隊商    │  21.715 │  6.5% │also caravan
│ キャラバン │ 304.701 │ 91.8% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯

It's only in saito apart from that jawiki mention, probably [obs] then, if not maybe [rare].
  Comments:
Did you encounter this word anywhere? An example sentence would maybe help here.

This is so odd. Why does 隊商 also mean caravan, is far more frequent and in more refs??
Feels like the etymology equivalent of "copy my homework but don't make it obvious", I love it.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>caravan</gloss>
+<misc>&obs;</misc>
+<gloss>(chinese) merchant caravan</gloss>
1. A* 2025-02-23 17:31:00 
  Refs:
NEW斎藤和英大辞典

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jmdict 2864500 Active (id: 2333227)
Tレックス
ティーレックス
1. [n]
▶ Tyrannosaurus rex
▶ T. rex
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2747620 ティラノサウルスレックス 1. Tyrannosaurus rex; T. rex



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 20:13:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-23 17:31:07 
  Refs:
daij

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jmdict 2864501 Active (id: 2333237)
聖勅
せいちょく
1. [n]
▶ imperial rescript
▶ imperial edict



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 21:07:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>imperial rescript</gloss>
1. A* 2025-02-23 19:25:51 
  Refs:
三省堂 スーパー大辞林; 研究社 新和英大辞典 第5版

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jmdict 2864502 Active (id: 2333238)
必要最小限
ひつようさいしょうげん
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ minimum necessary
▶ bare minimum
▶ minimal requirement



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 21:10:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD - points to 必要最低限.
1. A* 2025-02-23 21:02:33  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 必要最小限  │ 207.581 │ 63.2% │Jitsuyou
│ 必要最小限の │ 120.800 │ 36.8% │adj-no? (e.g. also many examples on https://massif.la/ja/search?q=必要最小限)
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
Given as one of the two options of a cookie management popup on a website I just visited:

必要最小限 or すべて同意

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jmdict 2864503 Active (id: 2333903)
黄泉醜女泉津醜女 [rK] 泉津日狭女 [sK] 予母都志許売 [sK]
ヨモツシコメ (nokanji)よもつしこめ
1. [n] [uk] {Japanese mythology}
▶ demoness inhabiting the underworld



History:
2. A 2025-03-07 00:59:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Koj, Daijr/s: 黄泉の国にいる鬼女 (or similar)
  Comments:
I think the simpler and more general glosses from the kokugos work OK.
  Diff:
@@ -28,3 +27,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1182110">黄泉・よみ・1</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2850871">伊邪那岐</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2850870">伊邪那美</xref>
@@ -33 +30 @@
-<gloss>hag(s) sent after Izanagi by Izanami during his escape from Yomi</gloss>
+<gloss>demoness inhabiting the underworld</gloss>
1. A* 2025-02-23 21:19:05  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 黄泉醜女   │ 772 │ 38.4% │daijs, koj, pixiv
│ 泉津醜女   │  59 │  2.9% │daijr 4th, スーパー大辞林 ; [rK]
│ 泉津日狭女  │  49 │  2.4% │jwiki ; [sK]
│ 予母都志許売 │   0 │  0.0% │jwiki ; [sK]
│ ヨモツシコメ │ 737 │ 36.7% │jwiki also spells it in katakana
│ よもつしこめ │ 392 │ 19.5% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
[uk] I guess? A bit odd for such a term. But there's really no room for false hits here

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヨモツシコメ

I wrote hag(s), because it is unclear whether it was one or eight hags that were sent after Izanagi.

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jmdict 2864504 Active (id: 2333577)
小詞
しょうし
1. [n] {linguistics}
▶ indeclinable function word (e.g. particle, auxiliary, discourse marker, etc.)



History:
4. A 2025-03-02 09:25:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-03-01 20:55:55  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Nikkoku:(particle の訳語) 西洋文法で、冠詞・間投詞・接続詞など文法上の語形変化をしない単語の総称。不変化詞。

Both daijs and nikk specify "indeclinable". Since auxiliary is such an umbrella term and most of them inflect, it'd maybe be good to mention it.

Otherwise it looks good I think. Haven't encountered this word so far, since I'm not yet at a level where reading linguistic papers in Japanese is a fun activity :s
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>function word (e.g. particle, auxiliary, discourse marker, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>indeclinable function word (e.g. particle, auxiliary, discourse marker, etc.)</gloss>
2. A* 2025-02-23 23:55:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijisen: 《particle》西欧語で品詞の一として立てられることがあるもの。接続詞・副詞・前置詞などの不変化の語をいい、また、接頭辞・接尾辞をさすこともある。
Reverso mentions 重力小詞/gravity particles.
小詞	328
ChatGPT: 
In Japanese linguistics, 小詞 (しょうし, shōshi) refers to "minor words" or "small words." This term is used to describe function words that do not fit neatly into traditional grammatical categories like verbs, nouns, or adjectives but still play a crucial role in sentence structure.
Possible Meanings:

    Particles (助詞, joshi) – such as が, を, に, and で, which mark grammatical roles.
    Auxiliary words (助動詞, jodōshi) – like です, ます, or たい, which modify verbs or sentences.
    Interjections or discourse markers – such as ね, よ, or さ, which add nuance to speech.

The term 小詞 is not commonly used in mainstream grammar but may appear in specialized linguistic studies.
  Comments:
Maybe this works.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>particle</gloss>
+<field>&ling;</field>
+<gloss>function word (e.g. particle, auxiliary, discourse marker, etc.)</gloss>
1. A* 2025-02-23 21:21:51 

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jmnedict 5747237 Active (id: 2333232)

ふわっち
1. [serv]
▶ WhoWatch (live streaming service)



History:
2. A 2025-02-23 20:19:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-02-23 11:39:31 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jig.jp#ふわっち

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jp.jig.product.whowatch.viewer&hl=en

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