JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1194820 Active (id: 2332829)
花電車
【はなでんしゃ】

1.

[n]
▶ streetcar decorated with flowers (oft. in celebration or commemoration)

History:

4.	A 2025-02-18 00:42:31 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>streetcar decorated with flowers (oft. in celebration or commomeration)</gloss> +<gloss>streetcar decorated with flowers (oft. in celebration or commemoration)</gloss>
3.	A 2025-02-17 20:17:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Trimming
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>beautifully decorated tram (oft. in celebration or commomeration)</gloss> -<gloss>streetcar decked out in flowers</gloss> +<gloss>streetcar decorated with flowers (oft. in celebration or commomeration)</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-02-17 10:00:32 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Sankoku: 〈祝い／記念〉のために、美しくかざって運転する電車。 Prog: 花電車｜a streetcar [((英)) tram] decked out in flowers GG5: an illuminated [a decorated, a floral] car; a streetcar float
	Comments:	Yea I think "floral streetcar" alone is a bit confusing. Maybe more like this? If you search the term you'll find some images of these decorated trams.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>floral streetcar</gloss> +<gloss>beautifully decorated tram (oft. in celebration or commomeration)</gloss> +<gloss>streetcar decked out in flowers</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-02-17 03:12:13
	Comments:	What is a floral streetcar?

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jmdict 1257840 Active (id: 2332780)
検閲 [ichi1,news1,nf14]
【けんえつ [ichi1,news1,nf14] 】

1.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ censorship
2.	[n,vs,vt] ▶ inspection ▶ examination

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2025-02-17 00:54:41 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk, smk
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -23,0 +25 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
4.	A 2020-03-07 21:07:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: 1. 基準や規程にあっているかどうかを調べあらためること。 2. 書籍・新聞・映画・放送あるいは信書などにより表現される内容を，公権力が事前に強制的に調べること。
	Comments:	"inspection" and "examination" really belong on the censorship sense as well but having those glosses on both senses would look odd.
3.	A* 2020-03-07 14:40:25 dine <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	they are two senses in the kokugos
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos>
2.	A 2017-06-18 22:57:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-06-18 14:15:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think a separate [vs] sense is necessary here.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -23,6 +22,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<gloss>to censor</gloss> -<gloss>to inspect (in order to censor)</gloss> -<gloss>to review (in order to censor)</gloss> -</sense>

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jmdict 1305380 Active (id: 2347507)
仕舞う [rK] ；終う [rK] ；了う [rK] ；蔵う [rK]
【しまう [ichi1] 】

1.

[v5u,vt] [uk]
▶ to finish
▶ to stop
▶ to end
▶ to put an end to
▶ to bring to a close

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2210750 ちまう 1. to do completely

2.

[v5u,vt] [uk]
▶ to close (a business, etc.)
▶ to close down
▶ to shut down
▶ to shut up

3.

[v5u,vt] [uk]
▶ to put away
▶ to put back
▶ to keep
▶ to store

4.

[aux-v,v5u] [uk]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ to do completely
▶ to finish

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2827357 まう 1. to finish ...; to do ... completely
	⇐ see: 2718340 もた 1. having done ... by mistake; having messed up ...

5.

[aux-v,v5u] [uk]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ to do accidentally
▶ to do without meaning to
▶ to happen to do
▶ to end up ...

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1005600 仕舞った【しまった】 1. darn it!; darn!; oops!; oh dear!; oh no!

Conjugations

History:

11.	A 2025-09-04 23:32:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2025-09-04 19:35:53 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	みんなに頼まれちゃってますから、断れないんです。 I ended up being asked by everyone, so I can't say no. ゴミって増えすぎちゃわない？ Don't you end up with too much trash?
	Comments:	Common way to express unintended or inevitable outcome in English.
	Diff:	@@ -67,0 +68 @@ +<gloss>to end up ...</gloss>
9.	A 2025-02-17 21:57:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -7 +6,0 @@ -<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
8.	A* 2025-02-16 22:14:02 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬────────────┬───────╮ │ 仕舞う │ 60.190 │ 0.1% │[rK] (all forms are in min. 2 refs) │ 終う　 │ 2.896 │ 0.0% │[rK] │ 了う　 │ 2.329 │ 0.0% │[rK] │ 蔵う　 │ 297 │ 0.0% │[rK] │ しまう │ 56.405.437 │ 99.9% │ ╰─ーーー─┴────────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	priority tag would need to be removed from 仕舞う if approved
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -9,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +19 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
7.	A 2018-12-14 10:10:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2018-11-25 05:53:21 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Trying to align with my edit to ちまう. (notes from this entry should maybe also appear in the ちまう entry)
	Diff:	@@ -53,3 +53,12 @@ -<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb, indicates completion (and sometimes reluctance, regret, etc.)</s_inf> -<gloss>to finish ...</gloss> -<gloss>to do ... completely</gloss> +<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>to do completely</gloss> +<gloss>to finish</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>to do accidentally</gloss> +<gloss>to do without meaning to</gloss> +<gloss>to happen to do</gloss>
5.	A 2012-05-30 08:38:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2012-05-30 07:51:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, prog, nc
	Diff:	@@ -24,1 +24,0 @@ -<pos>&aux-v;</pos> @@ -27,3 +26,2 @@ -<gloss>to close</gloss> -<gloss>to do something completely</gloss> -<gloss>to put away</gloss> +<gloss>to stop</gloss> +<gloss>to end</gloss> @@ -31,0 +29,1 @@ +<gloss>to bring to a close</gloss> @@ -34,0 +33,17 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>to close (a business, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to close down</gloss> +<gloss>to shut down</gloss> +<gloss>to shut up</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>to put away</gloss> +<gloss>to put back</gloss> +<gloss>to keep</gloss> +<gloss>to store</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -35,0 +51,1 @@ +<pos>&v5u;</pos> @@ -36,2 +53,3 @@ -<gloss>to do something by mistake</gloss> -<gloss>to accidentally do something</gloss> +<s_inf>after the -te form of a verb, indicates completion (and sometimes reluctance, regret, etc.)</s_inf> +<gloss>to finish ...</gloss> +<gloss>to do ... completely</gloss>
3.	A* 2012-05-29 11:55:02 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs
	Comments:	both daijs and daijr have quite a few additional senses
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +24,1 @@ +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> @@ -31,0 +32,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>to do something by mistake</gloss> +<gloss>to accidentally do something</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2010-08-14 22:52:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-08-14 14:43:17 Scott
	Refs:	daijirin
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>蔵う</keb>

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jmdict 1503510 Active (id: 2332789)
分厚い [news2,nf43] ；部厚い [rK] ；ぶ厚い [sK] ；ブ厚い [sK]
【ぶあつい [news2,nf43] 】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ thick
▶ bulky
▶ massive
▶ heavy

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2857431 分厚【ぶあつ】 1. thick; bulky; massive; heavy

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2025-02-17 02:43:25 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	7.1%
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10,2 @@ -<keb>ぶ厚い</keb> +<keb>部厚い</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -13,2 +14,2 @@ -<keb>部厚い</keb> -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<keb>ぶ厚い</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2023-02-15 21:33:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>thick</gloss> @@ -29 +29,0 @@ -<gloss>thick</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-02-15 21:27:36
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 分厚い　 │ 575,062 │ 89.1% │ │ ぶ厚い　 │ 45,919 │ 7.1% │ │ ブ厚い　 │ 12,180 │ 1.9% │ - sK │ 部厚い　 │ 2,664 │ 0.4% │ - rK (daijr/s, koj, etc.) │ ぶあつい │ 9,195 │ 1.4% │ │ ブあつい │ 33 │ 0.0% │ - drop restrictions ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13,2 @@ -<keb>ブ厚い</keb> +<keb>部厚い</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +17,2 @@ -<keb>部厚い</keb> +<keb>ブ厚い</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -20,3 +21,0 @@ -<re_restr>分厚い</re_restr> -<re_restr>ぶ厚い</re_restr> -<re_restr>部厚い</re_restr> @@ -25,4 +23,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ブあつい</reb> -<re_restr>ブ厚い</re_restr>
2.	A 2015-09-12 03:10:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2015-09-10 16:45:47 luce
	Refs:	n-grams
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<keb>部厚い</keb> +<keb>ぶ厚い</keb> @@ -13 +13,4 @@ -<keb>ぶ厚い</keb> +<keb>ブ厚い</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>部厚い</keb> @@ -16,0 +20,3 @@ +<re_restr>分厚い</re_restr> +<re_restr>ぶ厚い</re_restr> +<re_restr>部厚い</re_restr> @@ -18,0 +25,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ブあつい</reb> +<re_restr>ブ厚い</re_restr>

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jmdict 1513500 Active (id: 2332819)
保険付き；保険付；保険つき [sK]
【ほけんつき；ほけんづき [rk] 】

1.

[adj-no]
▶ guaranteed
▶ under warranty
▶ insured

History:

8.	A 2025-02-17 21:59:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2025-02-17 02:11:31 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	保険付き 94539 67.2% 保険付 37509 26.7% 保険つき 8598 6.1% 保険づき 0 0.0%
	Comments:	-づき reading is likely rare. My Windows IME doesn't like it at all
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -18,2 +19 @@ -<re_restr>保険付き</re_restr> -<re_restr>保険付</re_restr> +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
6.	A 2022-09-08 01:58:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 保険付き 94539 67.2% 保険つき 8598 6.1% 保険付 37509 26.7%
	Comments:	References, etc. please.
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>保険つき</keb> +<keb>保険付</keb> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<keb>保険付</keb> +<keb>保険つき</keb> @@ -22,0 +23,2 @@ +<gloss>guaranteed</gloss> +<gloss>under warranty</gloss> @@ -24 +25,0 @@ -<gloss>guaranteed</gloss>
5.	A* 2022-09-07 15:32:46
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>保険付</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -15,0 +19 @@ +<re_restr>保険付</re_restr> @@ -18,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>insured</gloss> @@ -20 +24,0 @@ -<gloss>insured</gloss>
4.	A 2022-01-07 11:00:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2022-01-07 06:30:24 Opencooper
	Refs:	gg5 has -つき; saito has -づき; nikk has -つき/づき保険付き 94539 保険つき 8598 <- saito example 保険づき No matches ほけんつき No matches ほけんづき No matches
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>保険つき</keb> +</k_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ほけんつき</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -8,0 +15 @@ +<re_restr>保険付き</re_restr>
2.	A 2014-04-24 22:39:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2014-04-24 09:07:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Many of these ～付き entries are marked as n rather than adj-no
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>

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jmdict 1575130 Active (id: 2359132)
鷦鷯；三十三才 [ateji]
【ミソサザイ (nokanji)；みそさざい [gikun] 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)
▶ wren

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2861361 鷦鷯【しょうりょう】 1. wren

History:

10.	A 2026-02-01 02:34:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This entry demonstrates why it would be helpful to have a jukujikun tag for the kanji field. In English-speaking countries, "wren" usually refers to this species.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>wren</gloss>
9.	A* 2026-01-31 16:06:30
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_wren https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_wren
	Comments:	"Winter wren" seems to be an outdated classification that only refers to Troglodytes hiemalis now. Troglodytes troglodytes is the Eurasian wren.
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>winter wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)</gloss> +<gloss>Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)</gloss>
8.	A 2025-02-17 22:18:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This is the one entry that has both gikun readings and an ateji kanji form. I guess our options are: - split it. I wouldn't as the 三十三才 is a bit too rare to bother with. - tag 三十三才 as [sK] instead of [ateji] - leave it as an outlier. Anyone curious can read these notes. I suggest leaving it for now.
7.	A* 2025-02-16 18:32:52 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I was wondering, does this work? Can you have an ateji form for a jukujikun reading? Wouldn't they contradict each other?
6.	A 2024-05-22 21:44:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2024-05-22 21:06:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We don't use sk for these sorts of readings. さざき, ささぎ and さざい are archaic and can probably be dropped. みそさんざい is only in koj and nikk. Koj gives 日葡辞書 as a source. I think it can be dropped. しょうりょう should be a separate entry as it isn't [uk].
	Diff:	@@ -18,20 +17,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>しょうりょう</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>さざき</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ささぎ</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>さざい</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>みそさんざい</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A* 2024-05-21 00:59:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	鷦鷯 4221 5.4% 三十三才 787 1.0% みそさざい 2072 2.7% しょうりょう 7052 9.1% さざき 843 1.1% ささぎ 43326 55.8% <- false positives さざい 163 0.2% みそさんざい 0 0.0% ミソサザイ 19211 24.7%
	Comments:	Suggested simplification.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<reb>ミソサザイ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -17 +21 @@ -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -21 +25 @@ -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -25 +29 @@ -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -29 +33 @@ -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -33,5 +37 @@ -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ミソサザイ</reb> -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3.	A 2019-03-16 06:28:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's pretty clear that it's the first reading that's the focus.
2.	A* 2019-03-14 23:19:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i'm not sure. but the situation is complicated because 三十三才 is ateji but only for みそさざい and presumably みそさんざい. and みそさざい is gikun but only for 鷦鷯. the note may have been cleaner, but doesn't leave 三十三才 searchable
1.	A* 2019-03-14 04:59:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr has "「三十三才」とも書く〕"
	Comments:	I think I mangled an edit by Rene in 2008. I think he intended the 三十三才 not to be included in the kanji field.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> @@ -41 +41,0 @@ -<s_inf>also written with the ateji 三十三才</s_inf>

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jmdict 1594570 Active (id: 2343684)
使む [sK] ；令む [sK]
【しむ】

1.

[aux-v,v2m-s] [arch]
▶ auxiliary verb indicating the causative voice

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2138460 しめる 1. auxiliary verb indicating the causative voice

2.

[aux-v,v2m-s] [arch]
▶ auxiliary verb indicating the permissive voice

3.

[aux-v,v2m-s] [hon,arch]
《when used together with other honorific auxiliaries》
▶ auxiliary verb strengthening the honorific notion

4.

[aux-v,v2m-s] [hum,arch]
《when used together with other humble auxiliaries》
▶ auxiliary verb strengthening the humble notion

History:

4.	A 2025-07-09 12:14:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-07-09 07:53:12 Sombrero1
	Refs:	GendaiRK: 「御寺に申し文を奉らしめむとなむ」のように、「奉る」など謙譲を表わす語に付いて高い謙譲の意味を表わす。 Daijs: ③ （謙譲の動詞とともに用いて）謙譲の意を強める
	Comments:	[uk] tags not needed as per the github discussion Aligning with other entries for causative auxiliaries [see=2138460・しめる[2]] and [see=2138460・しめる[3]] cannot be applied yet
	Diff:	@@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -23,2 +22 @@ -<s_inf>old causative verbal ending</s_inf> -<gloss>to make happen</gloss> +<gloss>auxiliary verb indicating the causative voice</gloss> @@ -29 +26,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -31,2 +28,17 @@ -<s_inf>used together with other honorific auxiliaries</s_inf> -<gloss>strengthens the honorific notion</gloss> +<gloss>auxiliary verb indicating the permissive voice</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&v2m-s;</pos> +<misc>&hon;</misc> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<s_inf>when used together with other honorific auxiliaries</s_inf> +<gloss>auxiliary verb strengthening the honorific notion</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&v2m-s;</pos> +<misc>&hum;</misc> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<s_inf>when used together with other humble auxiliaries</s_inf> +<gloss>auxiliary verb strengthening the humble notion</gloss>
2.	A 2025-02-17 21:55:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Very obscure.
1.	A* 2025-02-16 22:31:52 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 使む │ 115 │ 37.3% │any refs for these kanji forms? │ 令む │ 193 │ 62.7% │ ╰─ーー─┴─────┴───────╯ The only "ref" I could source is these two kanji forms is the fact that they are in nikkoku's 表記 section for しめる (which you arrive at when looking for しむ). And that these two kanji possess the readings (漢字辞典オンライン). Kanji forms also not in 古語大辞典 or any other kokugo. While most kokugos say 下二型, this(シメ｜シメ｜シム｜シムル｜シムレ｜シメヨ) seems to be its conjugation pattern, which is just 下二段 At least not v5m Second sense in e.g. sankoku: ❷〔他の尊敬語とともに用いて〕尊敬の意を強める。お…なさる。「行かしめたまふ（イラッシャル）」
	Comments:	I'm not someone who'd throw out these rare kanji forms, but I think a ref is needed here. Note aligned with しめる Note that if 使む is removed, the xref to this entry from しめる will be deleted.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -14 +15,0 @@ -<pos>&v5m;</pos> @@ -15,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&v2m-s;</pos> @@ -19 +21,10 @@ -<gloss>to make happen (old causative verbal ending)</gloss> +<s_inf>old causative verbal ending</s_inf> +<gloss>to make happen</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<pos>&v2m-s;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<s_inf>used together with other honorific auxiliaries</s_inf> +<gloss>strengthens the honorific notion</gloss>

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jmdict 1755240 Active (id: 2332816)
山河 [news2,nf33]
【さんが [news2,nf33] ；さんか】

1.

[n]
▶ mountains and rivers
▶ natural surroundings

History:

2.	A 2025-02-17 21:50:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	JEs have both.
1.	A* 2025-02-17 01:30:24
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>さんか</reb> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1927180 Active (id: 2332813)

ドッグレース；ドッグ・レース；ドックレース [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ dog race
▶ dog racing

History:

4.	A 2025-02-17 21:43:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-02-17 13:06:40
	Refs:	ドッグレース 9044 86.0% ドッグ・レース 322 3.1% ドックレース 1110 10.6% ドック・レース 36 0.3%
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドックレース</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A 2021-04-12 16:15:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>dog race</gloss>
1.	A 2013-05-11 09:27:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドッグ・レース</reb>

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jmdict 2216220 Active (id: 2334580)

あらあら；あれあれ；あらあらあら [sk] ；あれあれあれ [sk] ；ありゃありゃ [sk] ；ありゃありゃありゃ [sk]

1.

[int]
《expression of mild surprise, incredulity, annoyance, etc.》
▶ tsk tsk
▶ oh-oh
▶ huh
▶ what's that?

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2864614 あらら 1. tsk tsk; oh-oh; huh; what's that?

History:

9.	A 2025-03-17 03:38:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	These can probably be closed.
8.	A* 2025-03-07 01:51:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	あらあら 243141 あれあれ 88005 あらあらあら 9202 あれあれあれ 12390 ありゃありゃ 5631 ありゃありゃありゃ 218
	Comments:	OK, Here's an attempt.
	Diff:	@@ -8,3 +7,0 @@ -<reb>あらら</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -14 +11,6 @@ -<reb>あれれ</reb> +<reb>あらあらあら</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あれあれあれ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -18 +20,5 @@ -<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ありゃありゃありゃ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -21,0 +28 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2864614">あらら</xref>
7.	A* 2025-02-17 02:20:07 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	あれれれ　 21467 あれれれれ 19912 あれれれれれ 3919 あれれれれれれ 1819 あららら　 74482 あらららら 39360 あららららら 11130 あらあらら 1393
	Comments:	With all these potential sk's, we should maybe split this into several entries. At minimum I think 2: 1) あらあら;あれあれ;ありゃありゃ 2) あらら, あれれ
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
6.	A 2018-02-25 07:07:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Keep them together for now.
5.	A* 2018-02-25 03:47:58 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>tsk</gloss> +<gloss>tsk tsk</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2018-02-25 03:47:31 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg５ daij あれあれ 1109 あれれ 1650 あれれれ 157 あらら 3100 あらあら 3192 ありゃありゃ 164 (daijr entry)
	Comments:	We could do these as 3 separate entries too. 1)あらあら;あらら 2)あれあれ;あれｒあれｒえ 3)ありゃありゃ
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,6 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>あらあら</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あらら</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,0 +16,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ありゃありゃ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -12,2 +21,5 @@ -<gloss>whoa (used to express surprise or stupefaction)</gloss> -<gloss>drats</gloss> +<s_inf>expression of mild surprise, incredulity, annoyance, etc.</s_inf> +<gloss>tsk</gloss> +<gloss>oh-oh</gloss> +<gloss>huh</gloss> +<gloss>what's that?</gloss>
3.	A 2017-07-09 23:28:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Eijiro
	Comments:	Seems OK.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>あれれ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>drats</gloss>
2.	A* 2017-07-05 08:05:36
	Comments:	I've always heard this as あれれ
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2833313 Active (id: 2332807)

ドッグラン；ドッグ・ラン；ドックラン [sk]

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "dog run"
▶ dog park

History:

5.	A 2025-02-17 20:10:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2025-02-17 13:06:00
	Refs:	ドッグラン 582917 83.4% ドッグ・ラン 2766 0.4% ドックラン 113202 16.2% ドック・ラン 315 0.0%
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドックラン</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3.	A 2017-08-28 23:00:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just a comment that "dog run" is used in Australia to refer to a caged area, typically in one's backyard, where dogs can run freely. In Japan it seems to refer to parks or areas within parks.
2.	A 2017-08-28 22:55:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ドッグ・ラン</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,2 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>dog run/park</gloss> -<gloss>pet area</gloss> +<lsource ls_wasei="y">dog run</lsource> +<gloss>dog park</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-08-28 16:01:16
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ドッグラン

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jmdict 2847612 Active (id: 2332822)

あれ；あれっ；あれえ；あれー；あり [rk]

1.	[int] 《indicates surprise, suspicion, etc.》 ▶ huh? ▶ eh? ▶ what? ▶ oh ▶ hey! ▶ look! ▶ listen!
2.	(あれえ,あれー only) [int] [fem] ▶ help!

History:

11.	A 2025-02-17 22:07:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Or [sk]?
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
10.	A* 2025-02-17 01:29:32
	Refs:	smk 〔多く若い人の間で使われる〕
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あり</reb>
9.	A 2020-12-11 15:58:55 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -27,0 +28,2 @@ +<stagr>あれえ</stagr> +<stagr>あれー</stagr>
8.	A* 2020-12-10 06:13:29 Opencooper
	Refs:	* daijs; shinmeikai * https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/42666/
	Comments:	meikyo also has 「あれえ」 for 「あれ」.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,6 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あれえ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あれー</reb> @@ -19,0 +26,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>∫</pos> +<misc>&fem;</misc> +<gloss>help!</gloss>
7.	A 2020-12-08 00:59:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2020-12-08 00:23:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	From 2840714.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あれっ</reb>
5.	A 2020-12-08 00:18:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2020-12-07 17:08:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, ウィズダム
	Diff:	@@ -9,2 +9 @@ -<s_inf>expression of surprise, suspicion, etc.</s_inf> -<gloss>hey</gloss> +<s_inf>indicates surprise, suspicion, etc.</s_inf> @@ -12,0 +12,5 @@ +<gloss>what?</gloss> +<gloss>oh</gloss> +<gloss>hey!</gloss> +<gloss>look!</gloss> +<gloss>listen!</gloss>
3.	A 2020-12-06 23:58:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I was a bit iffy about it.
2.	A* 2020-12-06 05:59:50 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	あ probably doesn't belong here?
	Diff:	@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>あ</reb>
1.	A 2020-12-06 01:45:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Split from 1000580.

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jmdict 2852906 Active (id: 2332796)
水泡に帰す
【すいほうにきす】

1.

[exp,v5s] [id]
▶ to come to naught

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2025-02-17 08:12:08 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	水泡に帰す 5026 79.9% 水泡に帰する 1266 20.1%
	Comments:	I think we can have both.
3.	D* 2025-02-17 07:21:24
	Comments:	An entry already exists for 水泡に帰する
2.	A 2022-01-22 03:07:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-01-09 06:47:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jitsuyo daijs:水泡水のあわ。みなわ。「─に帰す（＝努力のかいもなくむだに終わる）」水泡に帰す 5026 https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/68352 日本の水際対策を水泡に帰す地位協定、米軍は日本人に配慮なしか

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jmdict 2864429 Active (id: 2332791)
弊学
【へいがく】

1.

[n] [hum]
▶ my university

History:

2.	A 2025-02-17 03:43:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-02-17 02:33:15 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	三省堂国語辞典　第八版弊学 160 saw in tweet

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jmdict 2864430 Active (id: 2332820)

うぉー；うおー

1.

[int]
▶ woah

History:

3.	A 2025-02-17 22:02:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Maybe not. The うわ family is more common.
2.	A* 2025-02-17 05:19:52 Marcus Richert
	Comments:	could be merged w うわ perhaps
1.	A* 2025-02-17 02:36:04 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	うぉー 109186 うおー 84041 うぉーーー6313 うおーっ 4882 うぉーっ 2617 searching for "うぉー" leads to ウォー [war] in most dictionaries/apps

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jmdict 2864431 Active (id: 2332821)

ごいた

1.

[n]
▶ goita
▶ [expl] traditional game played with tiles or cards resembling shogi pieces

History:

2.

A 2025-02-17 22:04:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>

1.

A* 2025-02-17 02:38:18 Marcus Richert

Refs:

enwiki
Goita is a traditional Japanese game from Noto, Ishikawa played with 32 tiles or cards similar to Shogi pieces. Unlike actual Shogi pieces, the tiles are the same size and have blank backs. It may be a descendant of an earlier Meiji period game played with 40 or 42 cards.

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ごいた
jpwiki> ごいたは、石川県鳳至郡能都町（現・同郡能登町）の漁師町である宇出津地区で発祥し、全国に伝わったボードゲームである。


ごいた	3788

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jmdict 2864432 Active (id: 2332814)
発毛促進剤
【はつもうそくしんざい】

1.

[n]
▶ hair growth stimulator
▶ hair loss medication

History:

2.	A 2025-02-17 21:44:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD
1.	A* 2025-02-17 02:42:21 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	発毛促進剤 22665 27.6% 発毛促進 59554 72.4% gg5

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jmdict 2864433 Active (id: 2332815)
嘘松
【うそまつ】

1.

[n] [net-sl,joc]
▶ account, post or story that is almost certainly untrue

History:

3.	A 2025-02-17 21:49:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/嘘松
	Comments:	Trimming.
	Diff:	@@ -14,2 +14 @@ -<gloss>account, post or story that is unverified but most certainly a lie</gloss> -<gloss>poorly concealed fib</gloss> +<gloss>account, post or story that is almost certainly untrue</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-02-17 09:45:34 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Jitsuyou: 嘘松（うそまつ）とは、真偽は不明だがほぼ間違いなく嘘であると思われる話の内容のこと。また、反響を得ることを目的に嘘の体験談や目撃談をネット上に投稿する者のことを嘘松ということもある。真に迫るような嘘とは対照的で、そんなに都合の良い状況や展開はありえないだろうと、聞いた人のほとんどが事実を疑うような内容になっていることが特徴である。嘘松 35 (Probably too new for ngrams). According to jitsuyou and pixiv this originated on twitter as a joke.
	Comments:	Gloss needs to be english, reading needs to be kana. Maybe like this?
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>嘘松</reb> +<reb>うそまつ</reb> @@ -12 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>嘘松（うそまつ）とは、Twitter （現・X）などのSNSに投稿された真偽不明で嘘や誇張まじりの話、またはその投稿者を指すインターネット・ミームである</gloss> +<misc>&net-sl;</misc> +<misc>&joc;</misc> +<gloss>account, post or story that is unverified but most certainly a lie</gloss> +<gloss>poorly concealed fib</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-02-17 05:26:05 B Litt <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/嘘松

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jmdict 2864434 Active (id: 2332811)
数値地図
【すうちちず】

1.

[n]
▶ digital map
▶ electronic map

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2817670 電子地図 1. digital map; electronic map

History:

2.	A 2025-02-17 20:18:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2025-02-17 05:30:55
	Refs:	daij

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jmdict 2864435 Active (id: 2332823)

ジェネギャ

1.

[n] [abbr,col]
▶ generation gap

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1064370 ジェネレーションギャップ 1. generation gap

History:

2.

A 2025-02-17 22:08:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>

1.

A* 2025-02-17 09:09:41

Refs:

https://welllink.co.jp/wellmedia/jinjinooshigoto/20211020_08/
「ジェネレーションギャップ」を若者は｢ジェネギャ｣と呼びますが、それ自体に私はジェネギャを感じます。（何でも略すな！(笑)）

https://www.m3.com/lifestyle/open/1042629
ジェネレーションギャップ、略して「ジェネギャ」

https://junforlife.com/generationgap-ryaku/
ジェネレーションギャップは「ジェネギャ」と略します。

https://www.createhomes-akita.com/blog/staffblog/127
ジェネレーションギャップの略ですね。

https://cafend.net/cafekissatenn-chigai/
僕はよく聞き取れず「じぇね...ってなに？」と問うと、彼は「ジェネレーションギャップの略っすよ」などと言うではないか。

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jmdict 2864436 Active (id: 2332812)
ＣＳＲ
【シー・エス・アール；シーエスアール [sk] 】

1.

[n]
▶ corporate social responsibility
▶ CSR

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2153550 企業の社会的責任 1. corporate social responsibility; CSR

History:

3.	A 2025-02-17 21:40:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Our style for initialisms is to show the nakaguro version and hide the plain form. Trying to track actual usage patterns would be a mess.
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>シーエスアール</reb> +<reb>シー・エス・アール</reb> @@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<reb>シー・エス・アール</reb> +<reb>シーエスアール</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A* 2025-02-17 09:32:28 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ シー・エス・アール │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ シーエスアール　　 │ 190 │100.0% │I see this in more refs ╰─ーーーーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>シー・エス・アール</reb> +<reb>シーエスアール</reb> @@ -11,2 +11 @@ -<reb>シーエスアール</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +<reb>シー・エス・アール</reb>
1.	A* 2025-02-17 09:13:39
	Refs:	koj, daij, obunsha, sankoku

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jmdict 2864437 Active (id: 2332831)

ホーチミン

1.

[n]
▶ Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)
▶ Saigon

History:

4.	A 2025-02-18 02:53:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I see we also have: サイゴン《西貢[ateji][rK]; 柴棍[ateji][rK]》 (n) (uk) Saigon (vie: Sài Gòn); Ho Chi Minh City (#1055770)
3.	A* 2025-02-18 00:42:00 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	enwiki says: Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC; Vietnamese: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh), commonly known as Saigon
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9,2 @@ -<gloss>Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam, formerly Saigon)</gloss> +<gloss>Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)</gloss> +<gloss>Saigon</gloss>
2.	A 2025-02-18 00:23:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess so. JMdict also gets it from JMnedict: 胡志明（ホーチミン） (n) (1) (person) Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969); Nguyen Tat Thanh; (n) (2) (place) Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)
	Diff:	@@ -9,2 +9 @@ -<gloss>Ho Chi Minh City</gloss> -<gloss>Saigon</gloss> +<gloss>Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam, formerly Saigon)</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-02-17 11:20:00
	Refs:	daijs
	Comments:	major city per policy

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jmdict 2864438 Active (id: 2332809)

ライティング

1.

[n]
▶ writing

History:

2.	A 2025-02-17 20:11:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-02-17 12:56:56
	Comments:	split from 1137900

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Search \| Advanced Search \| New Entry \| Submissions \| Help \| Doc	DB=jmdict

If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

2.	A 2025-02-17 20:11:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-02-17 12:56:23
	Comments:	split
	Diff:	@@ -11,4 +10,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>writing</gloss> -</sense>

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