JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary DatabaseEntriesSearch | Advanced Search | New Entry | Submissions | Help | Doc |
| 1. |
[n,adv]
[uk]
▶ a short while ago ▶ a moment ago ▶ just now ▶ some time ago
|
|||||
| 12. | A 2025-12-04 00:10:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | It's more rare than 先. I think it can be hidden. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -10 +10 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 11. | A* 2025-12-03 15:27:59 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | sankoku, saito |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>先刻</keb> |
|
| 10. | A 2022-05-14 05:09:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think so. The JEs don't have the kanji and Daijisen has "△先". |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 9. | A* 2022-05-14 01:46:03 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | My PC IME won't bring up "先" for さっき. I think it probably qualifies for rK? I don't think this is normally written with 先 |
|
| 8. | A 2021-03-31 04:13:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Bulk update n-adv to n,adv -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos> |
|
| (show/hide 7 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
{grammar}
▶ first person
|
|||||
| 2. |
[n]
▶ self-reference term ▶ term used to refer to oneself in the first person |
|||||
| 17. | A 2025-12-10 11:03:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I quite agree. These two senses are enough. |
|
| 16. | A* 2025-12-09 22:27:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | 4 senses seems like overkill. We shouldn't overcomplicate things. I think these two senses cover everything, even the slangy parenthetical usage. The second sense probably doesn't need a grammar tag. Articles are typically omitted from glosses. I don't think sense 1 needs one. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -20 +21 @@ -<gloss>(the) first person</gloss> +<gloss>first person</gloss> @@ -24,16 +25,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref> -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&exp;</pos> -<misc>&net-sl;</misc> -<s_inf>in parentheses, after a term such as オタク, 推し, etc.</s_inf> -<gloss>me (speaking as a ...)</gloss> -<gloss>this (otaku, fan, stan, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>self-reference term</gloss> +<gloss>term used to refer to oneself in the first person</gloss> |
|
| 15. | A* 2025-12-09 03:08:29 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称 Final observations: 1. I think a split between "pronouns" and "the broader category of any self-reference" is both correct, and makes for cleaner glosses. Context dictates whether you mean "pronouns only" (foreign language classroom, for example), or something broader. 2. My earlier "e.g." enumerations excluded plurals. This was a mistake. 3. Must not look like "a single word". あの人 is considered a 三人称代名詞, but not a word 4. Probably all the senses are [gramm]. 5. Search "の１人称代名詞" for evidence of alternate orthography It makes sense that 一人称 is at once a shorthand for 一人称代名詞 in some contexts, while being a broader category in others. But I know a Japanese professor of linguists who I will hopefully get to chat with over the holiday, in case there is some egregeious misunderstanding. But something like the current glosses should be alright, I think. I've been regretting "you're truly" on [4]. It was a gpt suggestion, it's cute, and it makes some sense. But it feels maybe overly dramatic, and I think the neutral approaches are safer without better evidence. I've yet to meet a Japanese person who has ever seen or used this themself. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>１人称</keb> @@ -21 +24,2 @@ -<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref> +<field>&gramm;</field> @@ -23 +27,6 @@ -<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&gramm;</field> +<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss> @@ -31 +39,0 @@ -<gloss>yours truly</gloss> |
|
| 14. | A* 2025-12-04 14:28:56 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | "一人称がお父さん" yields 4 pages of results, including: 父の一人称が、「お父さん」から「俺」に変わったのだ https://note.com/rlongki3/n/n188e4d2695cb 一人称と言うと、子を持つ親御さんなんかは「お父さん／お母さん」だったり「パパ／ママ」だったりすることも多いだろう。 一人称いちにんしょう（ First person pronouns) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srzFMO_OfmI&t=1s Spoken: "Today I want to explore ichininshou: first person pronouns ... 男性が使う一人称, male first-person pronouns, ..." She defines as: "how you address or call yourself" Another super-googlable expression: "男性が使う一人称" |
|
| Comments: | I think the previous update got it. Tweaked a bit since it's still open, expanded the examples to clarify broadness without trying to define it. Another native pointed out there are many non-pronoun options, not just names: 先輩(talking to 後輩), お母さん (talking to children), any older kinship title... And since it's situationally dependent and not singular, I've dropped "one's" The ref'd article is a great, personal story, about a guy's father changing from お父さん to 僕 as he (the author) became an adult. all about 一人称. "Japanese terms of self-reference" gets academic book hits with roughly equivalent definitions. It's not something we're coining. "first-person pronoun" still dominates in practice, as in the second video, where a Japanese girl explains male pronouns using English. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -21,3 +21,3 @@ -<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss> -<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss> +<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss> +<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss> |
|
| 13. | A* 2025-12-03 17:26:56 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の一人称代名詞 私（わたし） 日本人が最も多く使用する一人称である。 |
|
| Comments: | My previous analysis was facile. Could still be wrong after posting this. The smoking gun: 一人称が名前の 52 google "一人称が名前の女" (20+ pages) While an exception, one's own name cannot be a pronoun. (children using their own name as self-address). Regardless, I think "pronoun" remains the most common translation, with 名前 as an exception. I would definitely not drop it. The wikipedia article on 一人称代名詞 actually uses 一人称. I gave gemini the full text of the wikipedia article, and asked some basic questions. The conclusions are consistent with my own thinking to this point. This is not authoritative, an LLM will say different things on different days. But this does seem about right to me with all I've seen thus far. It's a good read. https://gemini.google.com/share/e5bb9a719ece I think this is correct: "You use 一人称 (short form) because you are discussing [a person's] identity and choices. You would only use 一人称代名詞 (long form) if you were analyzing the word "Boku" itself as a linguistic object, unrelated to the specific [person] using it." And I tend to believe this as well: "In Japanese usage, if a child (or an adult acting cute) calls herself "Hanako," then "Hanako" is her 一人称 (ichininshō)." I've been tempted to drop [fld=gramm] on my own for a bit. Gemini independently reached the same conclusion. Transmuting 二人称 and 三人称 this way isn't trivial, but gemeni's initial ideas are(I have not massaged these): 二人称 [2][n] term of address (for the listener); way of calling one's partner in conversation; choice of second-person pronoun (e.g. anata, kimi, omae) 三人称 [2][n] third party; outsider; disinterested person; someone unconnected to the matter at hand (Synonymous with 第三者) オタク（三人称）is actually a perfect example of 三人称[2]. オタク(third party). I still support [3] here because it has a life of its own, but the revised [2] clarifies the meaning.I would not advocate a special 3rd gloss on the 2nd and 3rd person(they are far less common, and probably more practical/literal). "オタク（一人称）" 31 pages of google hits "オタク（ニ人称）" 2 pages of google hits (practically nothing) "オタク（三人称）" 1 page of google hits |
|
| Diff: | @@ -21,2 +21,3 @@ -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>(a specific) first-person pronoun (e.g. watashi, boku, ore, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss> +<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss> |
|
| (show/hide 12 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[v5s,vt]
▶ to kick (hard) ▶ to send flying with a kick ▶ to kick away
|
|||||
| 2. |
[v5s,vt]
▶ to reject flatly ▶ to refuse outright ▶ to turn down |
|||||
| 4. | A 2025-12-04 01:53:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-03 16:30:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, prog, luminous 蹴とばし 2,288 2.6% 蹴飛ばし 79,930 89.5% け飛ばし 1,834 2.1% けとばし 5,215 5.8% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>け飛ばす</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +21,2 @@ +<gloss>to kick (hard)</gloss> +<gloss>to send flying with a kick</gloss> @@ -17,2 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>to kick off</gloss> -<gloss>to kick hard</gloss> @@ -23,2 +28,3 @@ -<gloss>to refuse curtly</gloss> -<gloss>to reject outright</gloss> +<gloss>to reject flatly</gloss> +<gloss>to refuse outright</gloss> +<gloss>to turn down</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2013-01-20 03:50:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2013-01-20 00:56:30 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daij, prog, 新和英中辞典, Luminous |
|
| Diff: | @@ -18,3 +18,7 @@ -<gloss>to kick (someone)</gloss> -<gloss>to refuse</gloss> -<gloss>to reject</gloss> +<gloss>to kick hard</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5s;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>to refuse curtly</gloss> +<gloss>to reject outright</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[n,adv]
▶ a short while ago ▶ just now |
|
| 2. |
[adv]
▶ already ▶ for a long time |
|
| 8. | A 2025-12-04 00:01:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | JEs, daijisen |
|
| Comments: | Sense 2 is in JEs and examples. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>just now</gloss> @@ -21,2 +21,0 @@ -<misc>&dated;</misc> -<gloss>long ago</gloss> @@ -23,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>for a long time</gloss> |
|
| 7. | A* 2025-12-03 15:30:00 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | sankoku, smk, meikyo, etc. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -20 +19,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -21,0 +21,2 @@ +<misc>&dated;</misc> +<gloss>long ago</gloss> |
|
| 6. | A 2021-03-31 04:41:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Bulk update n-adv to n,adv -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
|
| Diff: | @@ -20 +20,2 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos> |
|
| 5. | A 2021-03-31 04:41:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Bulk update n-adv to n,adv -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
|
| Diff: | @@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos> |
|
| 4. | A 2019-11-17 05:29:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[obs]
▶ dahlia (Dahlia pinnata)
|
|||||
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 19:52:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 10:50:43 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Iwakoku, GG5 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>dahlia</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1077210">ダリア</xref> +<misc>&obs;</misc> +<gloss>dahlia (Dahlia pinnata)</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[v1,vi]
▶ to melt ▶ to liquefy ▶ to soften (e.g. through heat) ▶ to thaw
|
|||||
| 2. |
[v1,vi]
▶ to dissolve (in a liquid) ▶ to be soluble (in) |
|||||
| 3. |
[v1,vi]
[col]
▶ to be used up (of money or time) ▶ to be wasted ▶ to melt away |
|||||
| 11. | A 2026-01-28 10:40:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 10. | A* 2026-01-28 09:17:12 Sombrero1 | |
| Comments: | Hmm, yes I think it's better to not try and squeeze "dissolve" into both senses. Nothing more to add. Just noting that the incoming xref from the split-off 熔ける will need to be aligned when this version is approved. And if anyone ends up using the sentence list below, make sure to switch sense 1 and 2 there too. |
|
| 9. | A* 2026-01-28 00:50:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think "melt" should lead. It's surely the most common sense. I think the glosses can be simplified. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ -<gloss>to dissolve (in or into a liquid; e.g. sugar in water)</gloss> -<gloss>to be soluble (in)</gloss> -<gloss>to go into solution</gloss> +<gloss>to melt</gloss> +<gloss>to liquefy</gloss> +<gloss>to soften (e.g. through heat)</gloss> +<gloss>to thaw</gloss> @@ -28,6 +29,2 @@ -<gloss>to melt (e.g. of ice)</gloss> -<gloss>to liquefy</gloss> -<gloss>to dissolve</gloss> -<gloss>to soften (e.g through heat)</gloss> -<gloss>to thaw (e.g. of snow)</gloss> -<gloss>to melt away</gloss> +<gloss>to dissolve (in a liquid)</gloss> +<gloss>to be soluble (in)</gloss> @@ -39,2 +36,3 @@ -<gloss>to melt away (e.g. of one's money)</gloss> -<gloss>to waste away (of time, money, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to be used up (of money or time)</gloss> +<gloss>to be wasted</gloss> +<gloss>to melt away</gloss> |
|
| 8. | A 2026-01-28 00:25:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 7. | A* 2026-01-27 09:57:36 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Various ngrams: https://pastebin.com/q7qav87M ーーー ＊ Sankoku:［溶ける］ ①液体の中にほかの物質がよく混じり合う。 「水に━」 ②かたまっているものが、液体になる。とろける。 「あめ（飴）が━」 [sense three was split] ④〔俗〕〔ギャンブルなどで〕お金がなくなる。 ーーー ＊ Meikyo:【溶ける（融ける）】 ❶ある物質が液体とまじり合って均一の液体になる。溶液の状態になる。 「洗剤が水に溶ける」 ❷固形物が熱や薬品によって液状になる。 「氷［鉄］が溶ける」 「アイスクリームは室温で溶ける」 「[...]雪や氷の場合は「解ける」とも。」 Meikyo also says that 解ける can be used for its sense two of this entry, in its entry for 解ける ーーー ＊ GendaiShinkoku: 【溶ける（融ける）】 Same as Meikyo (it's on my ipad and I don't want to retype the whole entry by hand), but has this extra sense similar to Sankoku's: ③大金や時間がむだになる 「資金が～」 ーーー ＊ Smk:【溶ける・融ける】 ㊀〈（なにデ）━〉雪・霜・氷や絵の具・飴(アメ)などが、熱を受けたり 液体にひたされたり してどろどろ（液状）になる。 ㊁〈（なにニ）━〉液体の中に塩・砂糖など粉状の物質が交ざって、均質化した液体になる。 ーーー Sentences ーーー Sense 1: ＊溶ける＊ 243604_170876 55560_218248 1312579_170878 243599_170881 243592_170888 Sense 2: ＊溶ける＊ 272591_141979 274305_140269 272532_142038 270906_143661 266921_147639 266906_147654 34217_197037 67344_229978 324846_78870 318339_85374 318334_85379 318330_85383 318329_85384 318316_85396 [exluded some that were just duplicates of each other in different tenses/aspects] 277152_126938 ＊解ける＊ 272599_141971 272598_141972 272540_142030 272539_142031 Sense 3: None AFAICS . |
|
| Comments: | Splitting off 熔ける and 鎔ける as suggested. Proposing this version with reworked senses based on the references quoted. GG5 performs the same split as the kokugos. Could arguably move up 解ける from third to second, see ngrams. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13,9 +12,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>熔ける</keb> -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>鎔ける</keb> -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -30,3 +21,3 @@ -<s_inf>also 解ける for ice and snow</s_inf> -<gloss>to melt</gloss> -<gloss>to thaw</gloss> +<gloss>to dissolve (in or into a liquid; e.g. sugar in water)</gloss> +<gloss>to be soluble (in)</gloss> +<gloss>to go into solution</gloss> @@ -37,3 +28,6 @@ -<s_inf>occ. as 熔ける or 鎔ける</s_inf> -<gloss>to melt (of metals)</gloss> -<gloss>to fuse</gloss> +<gloss>to melt (e.g. of ice)</gloss> +<gloss>to liquefy</gloss> +<gloss>to dissolve</gloss> +<gloss>to soften (e.g through heat)</gloss> +<gloss>to thaw (e.g. of snow)</gloss> +<gloss>to melt away</gloss> @@ -44 +38,3 @@ -<gloss>to dissolve (into liquid)</gloss> +<misc>&col;</misc> +<gloss>to melt away (e.g. of one's money)</gloss> +<gloss>to waste away (of time, money, etc.)</gloss> |
|
| (show/hide 6 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ hare (esp. the Japanese hare, Lepus brachyurus)
|
|||||
| 2. |
[n]
▶ wild rabbit
|
|||||
| 8. | A 2025-12-04 19:43:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 7. | A* 2025-12-04 14:53:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, daijr, jawiki |
|
| Diff: | @@ -22 +22,2 @@ -<gloss>Japanese hare (Lepus brachyurus)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2868254">ニホンノウサギ</xref> +<gloss>hare (esp. the Japanese hare, Lepus brachyurus)</gloss> |
|
| 6. | A 2025-12-02 23:55:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I'll split out やと. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -17,4 +16,0 @@ -<reb>やと</reb> -<re_restr>野兎</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -25,2 +20,0 @@ -<stagr>のうさぎ</stagr> -<stagr>ノウサギ</stagr> @@ -32 +25,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1192390">家兎・かと</xref> |
|
| 5. | A* 2025-12-02 22:45:34 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 野うさぎ │ 51,066 │ 48.1% │ - add │ 野ウサギ │ 25,463 │ 24.0% │ │ 野兎 │ 15,929 │ 15.0% │ │ のウサギ │ 165,758 │ N/A │ - drop (this is surely the particle の rather than 野) │ のうさぎ │ 328,202 │ N/A │ │ やと │ 1,420,540 │ N/A │ │ ノウサギ │ 13,673 │ 12.9% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯ |
|
| Diff: | @@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>野うさぎ</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -11,4 +13,0 @@ -<reb>のウサギ</reb> -<re_restr>野ウサギ</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -16 +14,0 @@ -<re_restr>野兎</re_restr> @@ -27 +24,0 @@ -<stagr>のウサギ</stagr> |
|
| 4. | A 2016-11-09 15:13:33 Johan Råde <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -28,0 +29 @@ +<stagr>ノウサギ</stagr> |
|
| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ common scoter (Melanitta nigra) ▶ black scoter (Melanitta americana) |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 04:19:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:12:11 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | クロガモ 1887 65.7% 黒鴨 984 34.3% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クロガモ |
|
| Comments: | seems like this can refer to both Melanitta nigra and Melanitta americana, adding both species (not sure if that's usually done) |
|
| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,4 @@ +<reb>クロガモ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -12 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>black scoter (duck)</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>common scoter (Melanitta nigra)</gloss> +<gloss>black scoter (Melanitta americana)</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ common merganser (Mergus merganser) ▶ goosander |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 23:32:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 05:45:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:20:05 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | カワアイサ 5817 99.4% 川秋沙 37 0.6% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/カワアイサ https://kotobank.jp/word/川秋沙-468522#w-468522 daijs, wiki |
|
| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,4 @@ +<reb>カワアイサ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -12 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>common merganser</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>common merganser (Mergus merganser)</gloss> +<gloss>goosander</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[n,vs,vt]
▶ lecture on a literary text ▶ literary criticism lecture |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 23:31:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr, koj, smk gg5: lectures on (literary [textual]) criticism; (literary) criticism; a lecture on a literary text; textual criticism. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13,3 @@ -<gloss>interpretation of a book</gloss> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<gloss>lecture on a literary text</gloss> +<gloss>literary criticism lecture</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 12:06:13 Hendrik | |
| Refs: | https://www.weblio.jp/content/講書 |
|
| Comments: | Not satisfied with the gloss, which does not provide what I believe to be a most important connotation of the Japanese term: 講書 would be a public (lecture style) explanation/ interpretation of, i.e., an act of teaching about, a book's content (or, as the case may be, contents). Weblio confirms that with the following definition of the term: 書物の内容を講義すること. Do you have a concise gloss in one of your heavyweight dictionaries that could replace the existing one? I haven't found any additional information on the web, because search results get swamped with the term 講書始. |
|
| 1. |
[exp,v5u]
▶ to take on a role ▶ to take part |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-04 22:21:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-04 21:56:35 GM <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 一役買う 26,846 91.4% 一役かう 2,471 8.4% -sK ひとやくかう 52 0.2% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2023-11-04 20:14:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2023-11-04 17:07:19 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Sankoku and daijirin have this as an expression subentry. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 一役買う │ 26,846 │ 91.4% │ │ 一役かう │ 2,471 │ 8.4% │ - add (used in the tanaka corpus example) │ ひとやくかう │ 52 │ 0.2% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ |
|
| Diff: | @@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>一役かう</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -10,0 +14 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos> |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 23:23:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 04:15:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 03:46:53 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | 背黒鰺刺 0 0.0% セグロアジサシ 389 100.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/セグロアジサシ wiki |
|
| Comments: | format update |
|
| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,4 @@ +<reb>セグロアジサシ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -12 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>sooty tern</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscatus)</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ domestic pigeon ▶ feral pigeon
|
|||||||||
| 1. | A 2025-12-04 17:16:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 土鳩 3,701 12.6% 鴿 2,870 9.8% - rarely どばと ドバト 19,872 67.9% どばと 2,820 9.6% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -10,3 +10,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>どばと</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -15,0 +14,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>どばと</reb> |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ falcated teal (Mareca falcata) ▶ falcated duck |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 04:16:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 03:58:51 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | ヨシガモ 6799 97.5% 葦鴨 173 2.5% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヨシガモ |
|
| Comments: | format update |
|
| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,4 @@ +<reb>ヨシガモ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -12 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>falcated teal</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>falcated teal (Mareca falcata)</gloss> +<gloss>falcated duck</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ rock dove (Columba livia) ▶ rock pigeon |
|
| 1. | A 2025-12-04 16:26:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_dove 河原鳩 0 かわらばと 0 カワラバト 1,127 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -7,3 +7,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>かわらばと</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -13,0 +12,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>かわらばと</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -17,2 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>rock pigeon (Columba livia)</gloss> -<gloss>rock dove</gloss> +<gloss>rock dove (Columba livia)</gloss> +<gloss>rock pigeon</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 23:22:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 05:45:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:22:22 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | 海秋沙 0 0.0% ウミアイサ 2720 100.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ウミアイサ |
|
| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,4 @@ +<reb>ウミアイサ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -12 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>red-breasted merganser</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator)</gloss> |
|
| 1. |
[n]
▶ domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)
|
|||||
| 2. |
[n]
▶ pet rabbit |
|||||
| 3. | A 2025-12-05 01:07:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-04 22:35:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_rabbit https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/カイウサギ 飼いうさぎ 2,143 34.4% 飼いウサギ 2,010 32.2% 飼い兎 633 10.1% 飼兎 146 2.3% カイウサギ 1,306 20.9% |
|
| Comments: | The refs only have one sense but it often translates as "pet rabbit" (cf. 飼い犬). |
|
| Diff: | @@ -3,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>飼いうさぎ</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>飼いウサギ</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +16,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>カイウサギ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -12 +22,5 @@ -<gloss>domestic rabbit (variety of European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus)</gloss> +<gloss>domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>pet rabbit</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 15:05:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 穴兎 331 7.2% アナウサギ 2,528 55.1% あなうさぎ 450 9.8% 穴ウサギ 819 17.8% 穴うさぎ 461 10.0% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -7,3 +7,8 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>あなうさぎ</reb> -</r_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>穴ウサギ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>穴うさぎ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -12,0 +18,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>あなうさぎ</reb> |
|
| 1. | A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
|
| 1. |
[exp,v1]
▶ to speak words (of) ▶ to speak (to) ▶ to say (something) ▶ to say some (kind, comforting, etc.) words |
|
| 5. | A 2025-12-04 23:22:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 examples |
|
| Comments: | Rather tricky to gloss. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -16,2 +16,4 @@ -<gloss>to speak to</gloss> -<gloss>to speak words of (something)</gloss> +<gloss>to speak words (of)</gloss> +<gloss>to speak (to)</gloss> +<gloss>to say (something)</gloss> +<gloss>to say some (kind, comforting, etc.) words</gloss> |
|
| 4. | A* 2025-12-04 09:55:14 | |
| Comments: | this is often paired with an adjective or noun such as 優しい言葉をかける or 慰めの言葉をかける "to speak words of (something)" carried just that meaning the two most recently added glosses are wholly inappropriate without that corresponding adjective the phrase really means nothing more than "to say something"; "to have a conversation" is right out |
|
| Diff: | @@ -16,2 +15,0 @@ -<gloss>to give a talking-to</gloss> -<gloss>to give a pep talk</gloss> @@ -19 +17 @@ -<gloss>to have a conversation</gloss> +<gloss>to speak words of (something)</gloss> |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 05:57:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Several Tanaka sentences. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -15,0 +16,2 @@ +<gloss>to give a talking-to</gloss> +<gloss>to give a pep talk</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A* 2025-11-29 19:13:34 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | https://kotobank.jp/word/言葉を掛ける-503181#w-503181 daijs 言葉をかける 41984 87.6% 言葉を掛ける 5935 12.4% |
|
| Comments: | Strange glosses, maybe this is better? |
|
| Diff: | @@ -17,2 +17 @@ -<gloss>to give a (something) talk to</gloss> -<gloss>to speak words of (something)</gloss> +<gloss>to have a conversation</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A 2007-10-06 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
|
| 1. |
[n]
▶ domestic pigeon
|
|||||
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 19:51:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-04 19:28:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/カワラバト >> 飼育管理されたものをイエバト、イエバトが野生化したものをドバトと呼ぶ場合があるが、いずれも種としては同一である。 家鳩 494 家バト 21 イエバト 125 |
|
| Comments: | I think "feral pigeon" is best omitted here. GG5 only has "domestic pigeon". |
|
| Diff: | @@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>家バト</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +14,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>イエバト</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -12 +20 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1956740">土鳩</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1956740">ドバト</xref> @@ -14 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>feral pigeon</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
|
| 1. |
[n]
▶ domestic pigeon
|
|||||
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 19:40:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 飼いバト 62 飼い鳩 190 カイバト 0 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -4,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>飼い鳩</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -7,7 +9,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>飼い鳩</keb> -</k_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>かいバト</reb> -<re_restr>飼いバト</re_restr> -</r_ele> @@ -16 +11,0 @@ -<re_restr>飼い鳩</re_restr> @@ -20 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1956740">土鳩</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1956740">ドバト</xref> |
|
| 1. | A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
|
| 1. |
[exp]
[uk]
▶ please stop
|
|||||
| 4. | D 2025-12-04 02:35:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | We don't need both およし and this one. |
|
| 3. | D* 2025-12-03 00:38:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | おやめなさい 18,706 - not in jmdict |
|
| Comments: | I don't think this is needed. Standard grammatical construction. Not especially common. |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-02 11:17:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | お止しなさい 942 11.9% およしなさい 7007 88.1% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>お止しなさい</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1310600">止す・よす</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc> |
|
| 1. | A 2010-07-11 07:45:09 | |
| 1. |
[adv]
[on-mim]
▶ (going) right into (a tight space) ▶ (sinking into) deeply and suddenly ▶ (popping) out ▶ (coming out) with a pop ▶ with a squelch
|
|||||
| 6. | A 2025-12-04 01:53:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 5. | A* 2025-12-04 00:15:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think this is clearer. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13,5 @@ -<gloss>(something going or coming) right into or right out (of a place where it fits snugly)</gloss> +<gloss>(going) right into (a tight space)</gloss> +<gloss>(sinking into) deeply and suddenly</gloss> +<gloss>(popping) out</gloss> +<gloss>(coming out) with a pop</gloss> +<gloss>with a squelch</gloss> |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-02 11:00:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Hmm |
|
| 3. | A* 2025-12-02 02:00:31 | |
| Comments: | adverb gloss |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>something going right into or coming right out of a place where it fits snugly</gloss> +<gloss>(something going or coming) right into or right out (of a place where it fits snugly)</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2014-04-08 06:48:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[form]
▶ kanji dictionary |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-04 19:51:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-04 12:23:44 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | shinsen |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&form;</misc> |
|
| 2. | A 2020-10-27 20:40:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2020-10-27 18:11:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, daij, koj |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[rare]
▶ feral pigeon ▶ domestic pigeon
|
|||||
| 4. | A 2025-12-04 19:52:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-04 19:30:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 koj: 寺・人家などの屋根に巣をつくっている鳩。 |
|
| Comments: | I think "feral pigeon" should lead. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>feral pigeon</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2021-01-04 01:10:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 (points to 土鳩) |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&obsc;</misc> |
|
| 1. | A* 2021-01-03 22:42:55 Alan Cheng <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | koj, nikk 堂鳩 161 家鳩 494 土鳩 3701 |
|
| Comments: | Possibly [obsc]. Apparently 土鳩 (ドバト) evolved from this term. |
|
| 1. |
[int]
[uk]
▶ stop it! ▶ cut it out! ▶ drop it! ▶ enough! ▶ come off it!
|
|||||
| 11. | A 2025-12-04 10:10:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 10. | A* 2025-12-03 20:04:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -15,2 +15,4 @@ -<gloss>cut it!</gloss> -<gloss>come on!</gloss> +<gloss>cut it out!</gloss> +<gloss>drop it!</gloss> +<gloss>enough!</gloss> +<gloss>come off it!</gloss> |
|
| 9. | A 2025-01-29 05:18:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 8. | A* 2025-01-29 02:17:16 | |
| Diff: | @@ -14,3 +14,3 @@ -<gloss>stop it</gloss> -<gloss>cut it</gloss> -<gloss>come on</gloss> +<gloss>stop it!</gloss> +<gloss>cut it!</gloss> +<gloss>come on!</gloss> |
|
| 7. | A 2025-01-28 23:14:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Done |
|
| (show/hide 6 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ neurodiversity
|
|||||
| 4. | A 2025-12-04 22:12:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Yes, a challenge. |
|
| 3. | A* 2025-12-04 11:01:23 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | daijisen: ⇒ニューロダイバーシティー Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーーーーーー─┬───┬───────╮ │ 神経多様性 │ 0 │ NaN% │ │ ニューロダイバーシティ │ 0 │ NaN% │ │ ニューロダイヴァーシティ │ 0 │ NaN% │ ╰─ーーーーーーーーーーーー─┴───┴───────╯ probably all too new for the ngrams |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2867792">ニューロダイバーシティ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2867792">ニューロダイバーシティ</xref> |
|
| 2. | A* 2025-12-04 10:53:14 | |
| Comments: | https://www.sakraworldhospital.com/ja/blogs/understanding-neurodiversity-embracing-every-mind/480 "神経多様性とは、個人の脳機能における自然な違いを指します。これらの違いは欠陥や障害ではなく、民族、性別、性格の違いと同様に、人間の脳の単なる多様性です。" |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-11-04 10:52:13 | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ニューロダイバーシティ |
|
| 1. |
[n]
▶ neurodiversity
|
|||||
| 5. | A 2025-12-04 23:09:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Very few web hits for ニューロダイヴァーシティ. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>ニューロダイヴァーシティ</reb> +<reb>ニューロダイバーシティー</reb> @@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<reb>ニューロダイバーシティー</reb> +<reb>ニューロダイヴァーシティ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-04 19:42:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-04 11:00:54 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーーーーーーー─┬───┬───────╮ │ ニューロダイバーシティ │ 0 │ NaN% │ │ ニューロダイヴァーシティ │ 0 │ NaN% │ │ ニューロダイバーシティー │ 0 │ NaN% │daijisen; add ╰─ーーーーーーーーーーーー─┴───┴───────╯ |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ニューロダイバーシティー</reb> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-11-04 20:18:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/economy/jinzai/diversity/neurodiversity/neurodiversity.html KOD - has ニューロダイヴァーシティ |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ニューロダイヴァーシティ</reb> |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-11-04 10:52:23 | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ニューロダイバーシティ |
|
| 1. |
[n]
▶ neurodiversity |
|
| 4. | D 2026-01-07 00:38:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Quiet |
|
| 3. | D* 2026-01-02 09:49:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 脳の多様性 101 |
|
| Comments: | Not sure this is needed. We usually avoid XのY expressions unless the meaning is not obvious. This one is obvious, and not very common. |
|
| 2. | A* 2025-12-04 12:36:01 | |
| Comments: | https://www.inet.co.jp/blog/commentary/neurodiversity.html https://me-gu-ru.net/media/column/318/ - "ニューロダイバーシティ（Neurodiversity）は、脳や神経（Neuro）と多様性（Diversity）の組み合わせにより誕生した言葉です。日本語では、神経多様性や脳の多様性などといわれます。" |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-11-04 10:54:41 | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ニューロダイバーシティ |
|
| 1. |
[exp,v5r-i]
[uk]
▶ to be not uncommon ▶ to happen fairly often ▶ to occur with some frequency ▶ to often be the case |
|
| 8. | A 2025-12-04 10:14:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 7. | A* 2025-12-04 07:16:39 GM <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> |
|
| 6. | A 2025-12-03 02:24:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | ままある 60,551 86.7% 間々ある 8,353 12.0% まま有る 849 1.2% 間々有る 120 0.2% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>まま有る</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,0 +17,3 @@ +<gloss>to be not uncommon</gloss> +<gloss>to happen fairly often</gloss> +<gloss>to occur with some frequency</gloss> @@ -14,2 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>to occur frequently</gloss> -<gloss>to happen occasionally</gloss> |
|
| 5. | A* 2025-12-02 19:54:37 | |
| Diff: | @@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>間々ある</keb> +</k_ele> |
|
| 4. | A 2025-11-23 22:25:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[adj-i]
[sl]
▶ irresistibly attractive ▶ captivating ▶ utterly charming ▶ crush-inducing ▶ swoon-worthy ▶ heart-melting ▶ adorable ▶ irresistible
|
|||||
| 6. | A 2025-12-04 22:10:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 5. | A* 2025-12-04 00:42:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think these glosses capture the meaning pretty well. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>attractive (of a person, character, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>irresistibly attractive</gloss> @@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>utterly charming</gloss> @@ -13,0 +15,4 @@ +<gloss>swoon-worthy</gloss> +<gloss>heart-melting</gloss> +<gloss>adorable</gloss> +<gloss>irresistible</gloss> |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-03 11:05:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-03 09:47:01 | |
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>crush inducing</gloss> +<gloss>crush-inducing</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-03 04:24:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Trimming |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13,2 +13 @@ -<gloss>having qualities one would fall head over heels for</gloss> -<gloss>crush material</gloss> +<gloss>crush inducing</gloss> |
|
| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[exp]
[uk,dated]
《after the -te form of a verb》 ▶ please do (for me) |
|
| 5. | A 2025-12-23 23:45:09 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think [dated] is sufficient. "used as role language" applies to dated language as a whole. |
|
| 4. | A* 2025-12-23 10:05:51 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | ＊Nikkoku: お‐く・れる 【御呉】 〔他ラ下一〕 （「お」は接頭語） (1)（話し手にものを）与えるの意の尊敬語。「おくれ」の形で用いて、与えてくれることを望む意にいう。 (2)（動詞の連用形に「て」を添えた形に付いて、補助動詞として用いる）ある事柄をしてくれるの意にいう。多く「…ておくれ」の形で用い、願望の気持を表わす。 歌舞伎・幼稚子敵討〔１７５３〕二「真実聞てをくれるか。コレ、聞てをくれるなら、御誓言でちょっと承り度ふござります」 滑稽本・浮世風呂〔１８０９〜１３〕前・上「おぢさんが折角うめてお呉（クレ）だは」 ＊https://sucra.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/19927/files/KY-AA11946779-20-05.pdf ”本稿の考察対象である「～ておくれ」とは，動詞等のテ形に接頭辞「お」， そして「くれる」の連用形が後接したものである” ”2 つ目は，現代小説の会話文における，「～ておくれ」を用いる人物の特徴に ついての分析である．以下の 5 つの特徴を挙げている． a．老年男性 b．中年以上の女性 c．田舎の人物 d．江戸時代の人物 e．平安時代・戦国時代の人物 （森 2018：262，項目名のみ抜粋）” Main conclusion points of the paper (I didn't read all 21 pages): "①主に創作物のセリフなどにおいて役割語的に（キャラクター演出・時代 演出に）用いる行為指示表現．また，特別な表現効果を狙って用いる自 己演出のための行為指示表現． ②主に書き言葉（打ちことば）で当為や願望，祈願を表す表現．" ＊https://ja.hinative.com/questions/4073981 Answer 1 [...] "しておくれ"は丁寧なお願いです。特に文学作品で老人によく使われてますが、若い人は口語では使わないです。 [...] Answer 2 〜してくれ＝してください のていねいじゃない言い方。命令のよう。 〜しておくれ＝〜してください と同じ意味だが、古い言い方。時代劇や昔話で使われる。 ＊ There are a staggering 746 results for the sequence｛て｝｛お〘語彙素＝御〙｝｛〘語彙素＝呉れる〙｝in the CHJ (Corpus of historial Japanese), and a respectable 268 in the BCCWJ. But throughout all 話し言葉 corpora there is but one hit. . |
|
| Comments: | Can't have an xref since we don't have an entry for お呉れる. I think I've heard it maybe once or twice somewhere, I can't recall exactly where but I think it was in an anime. [dated] seems reasonable. Maybe having a note like [note="primarily used in written language or as role language"] would be helpful (We have an entry for 役割語). Also thought about a [form] tag, but that may not be wholly appropriate. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref> |
|
| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 22:44:02 | |
| Comments: | "for one" makes no sense surely this is dated? I have seen it in a Taisho period manga but nowhere else |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1269130">呉れる・3</xref> +<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref> @@ -15 +15 @@ -<misc>&fam;</misc> +<misc>&dated;</misc> @@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>please do (for one)</gloss> +<gloss>please do (for me)</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 07:02:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I've indexed 4 sentences. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-02 03:03:13 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Just some examples for magnitude: しておくれ 81229 やっておくれ 9083 見ておくれ 8016 見せておくれ 7017 *possibly* derived from おくれなさい, but that's incidental. Unlike おいで, *not* [abbr] おくれなさい 287 しておくれなさい 23 してお呉れ 143 86.7% やってお呉れ 0 0.0% 見せてお呉れ 0 0.0% 見てお呉れ 22 13.3% 見せておくれ とはどういう意味ですか? https://ja.hinative.com/questions/16922878 見せてください。 ただし、私たちは日常会話では「見せておくれ」を使用しません。 Grammar detail: ておくれ https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/ておくれ 〜ておくれ is sometimes encountered as an imperative form of a verb. Its similarity to several other constructions can be confusing: is it something to do with ておく? Is it connected with 遅れる (to be late)? Is it a kana form of the set expression 手遅れ (be too late)? Is it a mistyped version of 手をくれ? In fact, it is none of these - it is a 'softened' form of the てくれる form, used as an imperative. The 〜てくれる form is used to indicate receiving something, so the imperative form 〜てくれ effectively means 'give me ~' or 'do ~ for me'. However, since that sounds somewhat abrupt, the お is used in a similar way as the honorific お in おみせ 店 to 'soften' the sound a little and make it a little less harsh. |
|
| Comments: | The structure of this entry mirrors お出で[2], and I think the grammar is related. Also matches およし a little bit, but this entry is far more useful. Encountered in a folk talk. "(please) Kindly take care of the kids (for me)". 子供を可愛がってやっておくれ I wouldn't suggest if this was general grammar, but this seems like a relatively special/fossilized usage of the verb 呉れる in particular. As noted in the refs, confusion over encountering おくれ is a common experience. Would be helpful if a search for "おくれ" turned up something definitive. Japanese teacher says well-understood, old-timey feel. Maybe her grandparents might have used it. Ref notes: "〜ておくれ can sound a bit emotional, tender, or even desperate, depending on the context." "Outside of literature, drama, or songs, hearing someone use おくれ in everyday conversation would feel old-fashioned. " That said, it seems used a lot on twitter, perhaps playfully. Several hits *per hour*. Don't know if it's a revival from mass-media, or if it never went away. https://x.com/search?q="見せておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live https://x.com/search?q="やっておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live |
|
| 1. |
[n]
{sports}
▶ big air (in snowboarding, skiing, etc.) |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 01:51:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 00:56:19 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | https://kotobank.jp/word/びつぐえあ-2876938 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ビッグエア daijs, wiki ビッグエア 4637 |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 23:00:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 04:17:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 03:52:30 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | ベニアジサシ 2051 100.0% 紅鰺刺 0 0.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ベニアジサシ https://kotobank.jp/jeword/紅鰺刺#w-3221726 wiki, prog |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ common pochard (Aythya ferina) ▶ pochard |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 23:00:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_pochard |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -17 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>pochard (Aythya ferina)</gloss> +<gloss>common pochard (Aythya ferina)</gloss> +<gloss>pochard</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 04:24:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:02:14 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | ホシハジロ 9080 98.3% 星羽白 158 1.7% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ホシハジロ https://kotobank.jp/jeword/星羽白#w-3222694 wiki, prog |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ smew (Mergellus albellus) |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 22:59:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 04:22:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:16:02 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | ミコアイサ 7911 99.0% 巫女秋沙 76 1.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ミコアイサ https://kotobank.jp/word/巫女秋沙-637505#w-637505 daijs, wiki |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris) ▶ great bittern |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-04 22:58:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 05:26:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 and 中辞典 have 山家の五位. |
|
| 2. | A* 2025-12-04 04:32:40 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/サンカノゴイ https://kotobank.jp/word/山家の五位-513051#w-513051 daijs, wiki |
|
| Comments: | forgot refs |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:31:33 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | サンカノゴイ 2587 99.1% 山家の五位 0 0.0% - daijs 山家五位 24 0.9% |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ striated heron (Butorides striata) ▶ green-backed heron |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 22:57:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 05:49:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5, RP |
|
| Diff: | @@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>green-backed heron</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:36:40 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | ササゴイ 8430 98.9% 笹五位 90 1.1% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ササゴイ https://kotobank.jp/word/笹五位-510163#w-510163 daijs, wiki |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ grey-headed woodpecker (Picus canus) |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-04 22:56:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 05:32:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 04:46:45 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | ヤマゲラ 2261 100.0% 山啄木鳥 0 0.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヤマゲラ https://kotobank.jp/word/山啄木鳥-649244#w-649244 daijs, wiki |
|
| 1. |
[n]
{computing}
▶ smoke testing ▶ confidence testing ▶ sanity testing |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 10:13:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_testing_(software) |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>confidence testing</gloss> +<gloss>sanity testing</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 07:34:35 | |
| Refs: | https://kotobank.jp/word/すもーくてすと-1720984 |
|
| 1. |
[n]
▶ student ▶ pupil ▶ educand ▶ trainee |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 19:48:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/被教育者 RP |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<gloss>educand</gloss> @@ -14,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>educand</gloss> +<gloss>trainee</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 12:36:33 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | smk Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────╮ │ 被教育者 │ 4,968 │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────╯ |
|
| Comments: | seems to be a somewhat technical term |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ labia ▶ vulva ▶ [lit] hidden lips |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-17 10:40:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Possible. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 15:54:47 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーー─┬───────╮ │ 秘唇 │ 2,905 │ ╰─ーー─┴───────╯ |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ labia ▶ vulva |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-17 10:37:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Seems so. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 15:58:02 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーー─┬─────╮ │ 淫唇 │ 413 │ ╰─ーー─┴─────╯ |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ female genitalia |
|
| 4. | A 2026-02-04 04:44:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2026-01-07 16:14:38 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://www.hanmoto.com/bd/isbn/9784862697400 (NSFW) https://www.suruga-ya.jp/product/detail/332034443 (NSFW) https://comic.k-manga.jp/promo/126238/s/g (NSFW) |
|
| 2. | D* 2026-01-07 00:46:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | This is one of a set of submissions for slang terms where the supplied reference is quite inadequate. If no proper references are provided in the next few days, I will delete the proposal. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 16:05:25 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ love fluids ▶ sexual fluids ▶ love juice |
|
| 4. | A 2026-02-04 09:32:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Don't like the glosses much. |
|
| 3. | A* 2026-01-07 16:07:55 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://booklive.jp/product/index/title_id/841246/vol_no/001 (NSFW) https://ebookjapan.yahoo.co.jp/books/137886/A000090354/ (NSFW) |
|
| 2. | D* 2026-01-07 00:45:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | This is one of a set of submissions for slang terms where the supplied reference is quite inadequate. If no proper references are provided in the next few days, I will delete the proposal. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 16:06:28 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ vulva ▶ cunt |
|
| 4. | A 2026-01-09 06:39:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 膣肉 383 腟肉 0 |
|
| Comments: | More slangy term. Not that common. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>pussy meat</gloss> @@ -19,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>cunt</gloss> |
|
| 3. | A* 2026-01-07 16:06:23 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://www.animate-onlineshop.jp/products/disp_image.php?id=1796247 (NSFW) https://www.suruga-ya.jp/product/detail/131708897 (NSFW) https://ebookjapan.yahoo.co.jp/books/752363/ in description (NSFW) |
|
| 2. | D* 2026-01-07 00:44:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | This is one of a set of submissions for slang terms where the supplied reference is quite inadequate. If no proper references are provided in the next few days, I will delete the proposal. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 16:31:51 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ pussy ▶ vulva |
|
| 4. | A 2026-01-14 02:29:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Oh, well. May as well stay. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>vagina</gloss> +<gloss>vulva</gloss> |
|
| 3. | D* 2026-01-07 08:01:57 GM <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 秘肉 1,765 Google's AI when googling it: 「秘肉（ひにく）」とは、一般的には人には隠しておくべき肉体的な部分、特に性器やその周辺を指す隠語（婉曲表現）であり、「秘部」「陰部」「大事な所」などと同義です Also it shows up in adult work titles. |
|
| Comments: | I can't find a solid source for it though. |
|
| 2. | D* 2026-01-07 00:46:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | This is one of a set of submissions for slang terms where the supplied reference is quite inadequate. If no proper references are provided in the next few days, I will delete the proposal. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 16:35:33 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results |
|
| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ vagina ▶ female genital tract |
|
| 4. | A 2026-02-07 01:31:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -18 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>vaginal hole</gloss> +<gloss>vagina</gloss> +<gloss>female genital tract</gloss> |
|
| 3. | A* 2026-01-07 15:59:28 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://ebookjapan.yahoo.co.jp/books/164958/A000133742/ (NSFW) https://www.animate-onlineshop.jp/sphone/pn/【コミック】膣穴あそび(著:アーセナル)/pd/1565614/ (NSFW) https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000009001726746/ (NSFW) |
|
| 2. | D* 2026-01-07 00:44:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | This is one of a set of submissions for slang terms where the supplied reference is quite inadequate. If no proper references are provided in the next few days, I will delete the proposal. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 16:45:13 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results |
|
| 1. |
[n]
▶ raising (of animals) ▶ rearing ▶ keeping |
|||||
| 2. |
[n-pref]
▶ domesticated ▶ domestic ▶ pet ▶ raised
|
|||||
| 2. | A 2025-12-05 01:32:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 22:38:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijs, koj |
|
| 1. |
[int]
[col]
Source lang:
fin "moi"
▶ hi ▶ hey |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-08 19:43:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TwitCasting |
|
| Comments: | Maybe [col]. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc> |
|
| 2. | A* 2025-12-04 23:41:37 Sean McBroom | |
| Refs: | Providing exact examples since x search is complete randomness. https://x.com/hsr_chan/status/1986408668771102942 https://x.com/nyanpero_kozo/status/1981865786622013506 https://x.com/NeRetweetBot/status/1926129766702145719 |
|
| Comments: | I think the term is popularized by twitcasting, a popular streaming platform in Japan. |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 23:33:04 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://x.com/search?q=モイ&src=typed_query&f=top (Ignore the accounts named モイ, I'm not sure how to filter those out) |
|
| Comments: | Useful for text glossing even if it's not exceptionally common. |
|
| 1. |
[n]
{medicine}
▶ commotio cordis ▶ cardiac concussion ▶ concussion of the heart |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-05 18:22:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | "Commotio cordis" is the more common name. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>commotio cordis</gloss> @@ -15 +15,0 @@ -<gloss>commotio cordis</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-05 01:10:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | KOD, LSD |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13,3 @@ -<gloss>commotio cordis (condition where a blunt, non-penetrating impact to the chest causes sudden cardiac arrest)</gloss> +<gloss>cardiac concussion</gloss> +<gloss>concussion of the heart</gloss> +<gloss>commotio cordis</gloss> |
|
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 23:40:18 | |
| Refs: | https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/commotio+cordis https://miyake-naika.com/02katei/katei-kodomo/kodomo_sinzosinto.html#gsc.tab=0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commotio_cordis |
|
| 1. |
[fem]
▶ Miyu |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 19:50:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 12:28:00 | |
| Refs: | https://akb48.fandom.com/wiki/Wada_Miyu |
|
| 1. |
[given]
▶ Kanata |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 19:41:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 15:43:59 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://b-name.jp/赤ちゃん名前辞典/m/伽那汰/328080 |
|
| 1. |
[given]
▶ Kanata |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-04 19:41:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-04 15:45:10 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://pon-navi.net/nazuke/name/加那多 unusual spelling |
|