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jmdict 1004560 Active (id: 2355143)

コトコトことこと
1. [adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ with a rattling sound
▶ with a (gentle) clinking sound
▶ rapping (on a door)
2. [adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ (cooking) at a simmer
▶ (boiling) gently
▶ (bubbling) lightly



History:
6. A 2025-12-24 05:04:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-24 00:35:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
  Diff:
@@ -14,4 +14,3 @@
-<gloss>gentle clinking</gloss>
-<gloss>sound of rapping</gloss>
-<gloss>sound of rattling</gloss>
-<gloss>sound of lightly chopping</gloss>
+<gloss>with a rattling sound</gloss>
+<gloss>with a (gentle) clinking sound</gloss>
+<gloss>rapping (on a door)</gloss>
@@ -23,3 +22,3 @@
-<gloss>simmering noise</gloss>
-<gloss>light bubbling</gloss>
-<gloss>sound of cooking something on a low flame</gloss>
+<gloss>(cooking) at a simmer</gloss>
+<gloss>(boiling) gently</gloss>
+<gloss>(bubbling) lightly</gloss>
4. A 2014-11-26 09:37:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2014-11-21 23:16:48  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
previous sense splitting made no sense
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>simmering noise</gloss>
-<gloss>light bubbling</gloss>
@@ -18,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>sound of lightly chopping</gloss>
@@ -24,2 +23,3 @@
-<gloss>cooking something on a low flame</gloss>
-<gloss>chopping something lightly</gloss>
+<gloss>simmering noise</gloss>
+<gloss>light bubbling</gloss>
+<gloss>sound of cooking something on a low flame</gloss>
2. A 2014-11-21 23:04:20  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1064920 Active (id: 2355151)

ジャー [gai1]
1. [n]
▶ container for keeping food or drink warm
▶ (wide-mouthed) thermos
▶ (rice) warmer
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868480 電子ジャー 1. (electric) rice warmer
2. [n]
▶ jar



History:
7. A 2025-12-24 05:22:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
6. A* 2025-12-23 23:16:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr: 飲み物・御飯などをいれる保温容器。広口の魔法瓶。
koj: 保温装置つきの広口容器。広口の魔法瓶や飯の保温器など。「炊飯―」
meikyo: 口の広い保温容器。「電子━」
  Comments:
I've just realised that this is sense 1.
I don't think the note on sense 2 is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -10,2 +10,5 @@
-<gloss>vacuum bottle</gloss>
-<gloss>thermos</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
+<gloss>container for keeping food or drink warm</gloss>
+<gloss>(wide-mouthed) thermos</gloss>
+<gloss>(rice) warmer</gloss>
@@ -15 +17,0 @@
-<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf>
@@ -17,7 +18,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2749070">炊飯ジャー</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
-<gloss>warmer function (e.g. on a rice cooker)</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-23 20:08:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Something like this?
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
@@ -23 +23 @@
-<gloss>rice warmer</gloss>
+<gloss>warmer function (e.g. on a rice cooker)</gloss>
4. A* 2025-12-23 01:01:05  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Is it used as a standalone word? I don't think it's correct to say that ジャー means "rice warmer". Terms like 炊飯ジャー and 電子ジャー were coined to describe rice cookers that had a "keep warm" function.
3. A* 2025-12-22 22:48:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Multiple WWW hits and images for products.
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2749070">炊飯ジャー</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
+<gloss>rice warmer</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1074800 Active (id: 2355144)

セリフ
1. [n] {printing}
▶ serif



History:
4. A 2025-12-24 05:04:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-24 00:54:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
RP
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<field>&print;</field>
2. A 2021-08-23 18:42:33  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2021-08-23 03:38:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
台詞を忘れる	300
セリフを忘れる	431
台詞を言う	16951
セリフを言う	20010
  Comments:
It's apparent that the most common use of セリフ is the (kata)kanaization of 台詞 (where it's already included as a reading.) Best not to have this entry coming up on the "P" list.
  Diff:
@@ -6 +5,0 @@
-<re_pri>gai1</re_pri>

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jmdict 1124380 Active (id: 2355137)

ボルテージ [gai1] ボルテイジ [sk]
1. [n]
▶ voltage
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1442850 電圧 1. voltage
2. [n]
▶ excitement
▶ enthusiasm



History:
3. A 2025-12-24 02:10:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ボルテージ	90,740	99.8%	
ボルテイジ	155	0.2%
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -12,0 +14 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1442850">電圧</xref>
2. A 2014-01-23 04:59:05  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-01-23 04:32:58  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s, prog, Luminous, 研究社 新和英中辞典
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>excitement</gloss>
+<gloss>enthusiasm</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1125150 Active (id: 2355158)

ポスト [gai1,ichi1]
1. [n]
▶ postbox
▶ mailbox
▶ mail box
▶ pillar box
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2835416 郵便差出箱【ゆうびんさしだしばこ】 1. postbox; mailbox; mail box
2. [n]
▶ post
▶ position
3. [n]
▶ post (e.g. goalpost)
4. [n,vs,vt] {Internet}
▶ post (on a blog, social media, etc.)
5. [adj-f]
▶ post- (e.g. post-Cold War)

Conjugations


History:
10. A 2025-12-24 05:42:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2025-12-23 22:58:41  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
  Comments:
Added sense.
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<field>&internet;</field>
+<gloss>post (on a blog, social media, etc.)</gloss>
8. A 2021-03-17 00:22:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
mail box 637858
mailbox 4826381
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>mailbox</gloss>
7. A 2018-10-19 22:16:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Or just "pref".
6. A* 2018-10-18 10:00:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Sense 4 isn't a noun so I don't think it can be [n-pref].
  Diff:
@@ -25 +25 @@
-<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1140550 Active (id: 2355223)

リーズナブル [gai1] リースナブル [sk]
1. [adj-na]
▶ reasonable (price, fee, fare, rate, etc.)
▶ reasonably priced
▶ affordable
▶ fair
2. [adj-na] [rare]
▶ reasonable (judgment, policy, response, etc.)
▶ appropriate
▶ sensible
▶ sound



History:
10. A 2025-12-25 07:19:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2025-12-25 00:09:32  Marcus Richert
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>fair</gloss>
@@ -21 +22 @@
-<gloss>reasonable (e.g. judgment, policy, response, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonable (judgment, policy, response, etc.)</gloss>
8. A 2025-12-24 08:21:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, splitting senses is, er, reasonable.
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>reasonable (only of a price, fee, fare, rate, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>reasonably priced (e.g. hotel, meal, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonable (price, fee, fare, rate, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonably priced</gloss>
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<gloss>sensible</gloss>
7. A* 2025-12-21 13:01:18  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
*potentially* non-price collocations suggested by gemini:
リーズナブルな価格	401287	99.9%
リーズナブルな判断	58	0.0%  
リーズナブルな対応	64	0.0%
リーズナブルな説明	35	0.0%
リーズナブルな水準	139	0.0%
リーズナブルな要求	33	0.0%

Even among these, the meaning is frequently [1]
https://miraitech.co.jp/strength/
...柔軟でリーズナブルな対応が可能です。 "we can respond flexibly without driving up costs".
https://midori-bunen.com/?page_id=41
標準的でリーズナブルな対策です This is a standard and affordable solution./“cost-effective solution”

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affordable
Able to be afforded; inexpensive or reasonably priced. 

reverso is not giving counts, so I expanded about 50 pages of results and counted:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/リーズナブル
reasonable 151
reasonably 66
reasonably priced 58
affordable 70
affordable prices 29
cheap 21
inexpensive 9
economical 7
low price 5
best price 3
value price 3
fair 7, almost all false-positives

One sense only:
https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/リーズナブル
価格が割安である様子。

https://hinative.com/questions/19857521
American people use reasonable for 1.having sound judgment and 2. not too expensive, but Japanese people cannot understand 1 meaning.
あなたの意見はリーズナブルだ ← Japanese people cannot understand.

Two posts complaining that リーズナブル shouldn't mean 安い.  Which indicates that it largely does:
https://x.com/makoto_B/status/1855402461286318299
https://x.com/hanya___ko/status/1676756992021639169
And a whole blog post opining on the subject:
https://note.com/good_sedum896/n/n98d796454480

Chatgpt translations of some collocations:
1. Applied directly to a "price" noun:
リーズナブルな価格 400870 — a reasonable price
リーズナブルな運賃 108677— a reasonable fare
リーズナブルな料金 106454 — a reasonable fee / reasonable rates
リーズナブルなプライス 11238— a reasonable price

2. Applied directly to a good or service:
リーズナブルなホテル 16609— a reasonably priced hotel
リーズナブルなお店 10495— a reasonably priced shop
リーズナブルな商品 10102— a reasonably priced product
リーズナブルな宿 7515 — a reasonably priced accommodation

False positives:
リーズナブルな男性	151
actual match:
リーズナブルな男性用カミソリ product
抗菌・防臭を施したリーズナブルな男性用白衣 product
...

リーズナブルな理由	206 False positives:
キャリートの料金がリーズナブルな理由 price
適正価格へのこだわり-天然素材なのにリーズナブルな理由  price
プロ講師でもリーズナブルな理由とは。 ... price
  Comments:
In 2018 [1] was simplified with the explanation "Usually refers to prices but doesn't have to."  Technically true, but...

リーズナブル is so strongly [1] that even collocations you might assume are [2] are actually still [1]. リーズナブルな対策 or リーズナブルな対応, for example, are often "Cost-effective measures", or "affordable service"(2 examples in refs). Even google translate will give "cost-effective" in some contexts.  Most people would not guess this. Breaking out [2] as [rare] gives some guidance.  

I showed the daijs definition (論理などが妥当なさま)[2] to one Japanese teacher and she was shocked to read it.  Another speaker remarked "probably Japanese people who know a lot of English might say this".  Not a sense commonly used in daily life.

[2] shows up in some articles fiscal policy(i.e. リーズナブルな水準 for the strength of the yen). Specialists throwing around English jargon. Still not that common.

"affordable" actually ties "reasonably priced" on reverso.  This matches the nuance reported to me. Wiktionary defines with 割安, "comparatively cheap", "economical" (i.e. affordable...).  Google translate alternates between "reasonably priced", "affordable", and a couple variations.

リーズナブル does not generally apply to people (NOT: "a reasonable man").

"fair" matches the English nuance, but not so much the Japanese one(安い).
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14,10 @@
-<gloss>reasonable (esp. of a price)</gloss>
-<gloss>fair</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonable (only of a price, fee, fare, rate, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonably priced (e.g. hotel, meal, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>affordable</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>reasonable (e.g. judgment, policy, response, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>appropriate</gloss>
+<gloss>sound</gloss>
6. A 2024-04-13 19:41:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1208870 Active (id: 2357198)
叶う [ichi1]
かなう [ichi1]
1. [v5u,vi]
▶ to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.)
▶ to be realized
▶ to be fulfilled
▶ to be granted
▶ to be answered (of a prayer)
▶ to be requited (of love)

Conjugations


History:
12. A 2026-01-12 04:26:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I reindexed the sentences.
11. A 2026-01-12 04:08:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2026-01-12 02:33:07  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK, let's do it.
  Diff:
@@ -8,6 +7,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>適う</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>敵う</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -19 +12,0 @@
-<stagk>叶う</stagk>
@@ -28,21 +20,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagk>適う</stagk>
-<pos>&v5u;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<gloss>to suit (one's needs, tastes, purpose, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to serve</gloss>
-<gloss>to meet (one's expectations, wishes, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to measure up to (e.g. one's ideal)</gloss>
-<gloss>to conform to (the law, standards, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to be consistent with (reason, morality, etc.)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&v5u;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<s_inf>esp. 敵う; with neg. verb</s_inf>
-<gloss>to match</gloss>
-<gloss>to be a match for</gloss>
-<gloss>to rival</gloss>
-<gloss>to equal</gloss>
-<gloss>to compare with</gloss>
9. A* 2025-12-25 12:30:31  Sombrero1
  Comments:
FWIW Shinmeikai, Shinsen and GendaiRK also restrict each sense.
8. A* 2025-12-25 11:04:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I feel it's probably better to make this 3 entries, as in the JEs.
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 1269390 Active (id: 2355147)
遅れを取る [news2,nf25] 後れを取る遅れをとる [sK] 後れをとる [sK]
おくれをとる [news2,nf25]
1. [exp,v5r]
▶ to fall behind
▶ to lag behind
▶ to be outdistanced
▶ to be beaten

Conjugations


History:
13. A 2025-12-24 05:16:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Seems OK.
12. A* 2025-12-24 03:13:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
luminous: だれにも後れを取りたくない I don't want to be beaten by anybody.
  Comments:
I understand the reasoning but I still think "to be beaten" works in some contexts, e.g. in the sense of being beaten to the punch. Also, "遅れを取っている" could be translated as "being beaten (in some aspect)".
  Diff:
@@ -29,0 +30 @@
+<gloss>to be outdistanced</gloss>
@@ -31 +31,0 @@
-<gloss>to be defeated</gloss>
11. A* 2025-12-22 06:35:04 
  Comments:
I meant to say that I wrote the previous thinking about a fistfight but somehow forgot
but yes, I think "defeat" is too definite, that the fight is still in progress
it will *probably* lead to a defeat though
10. A* 2025-12-22 06:20:26 
  Comments:
I think I understand huixing's argument, that these two glossses are not accurate
accurate would be whatever the opposite of "to have the upper hand" is, i.e. that you are "down on points" so to speak,
that you look like you're losing, but _have not lost yet_ and can in fact regain the lead, to make an upset
(compare the situation to a race where you are 100m behind the lead runner)
I'd prefer something like "to be losing" or "to be on the verge of defeat" to these two if there are no better options around
9. A 2025-12-22 03:51:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)

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jmdict 1293130 Active (id: 2355183)
再誕
さいたん
1. [n] [form]
▶ rebirth
▶ reincarnation



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 18:28:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs: 一度死んだ者が、形を変えて再びこの世に生まれること。また、そのもの。生まれかわり。再生。「釈迦の―」
  Comments:
I don't think "resurrection" is a good fit.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<gloss>resurrection</gloss>
@@ -14,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>reincarnation</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-24 15:28:17  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, nikk, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬────────╮
│ 再誕 │ 13,259 │
╰─ーー─┴────────╯
  Comments:
my refs make no mention of restrictions like "of a company or school", in fact they have somewhat literal and archaic examples
seems to be still used quite often with a formal tone, i don't think we need to specify it can be used metaphorically for businesses, schools, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>resurrection (of a company or school, etc.)</gloss>
+<misc>&form;</misc>
+<gloss>resurrection</gloss>
+<gloss>rebirth</gloss>

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jmdict 1333560 Active (id: 2355159)
集める [ichi1,news1,nf07]
あつめる [ichi1,news1,nf07]
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to collect
▶ to assemble
▶ to gather

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-12-24 05:44:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Spot on.
1. A* 2025-12-23 16:47:54 

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1530160 Active (id: 2355146)
無常 [news2,nf40]
むじょう [news2,nf40]
1. [n] {Buddhism}
▶ impermanence
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1798050 常住 2. constancy; eternity
  ⇐ see: 2868505 殺鬼【せっき】 2. impermanence; transiency
2. [adj-no,adj-na,n]
▶ mutable
▶ uncertain
▶ ever-changing
▶ transitory
▶ transient
▶ evanescent



History:
10. A 2025-12-24 05:14:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2025-12-24 00:52:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, wisdom, luminous, daij, meikyo
無常の世	693		
無常な世	83
  Comments:
The kokugos define sense 2 as "人の世の変わりやすいこと。また、人の命のはかないこと。"
  Diff:
@@ -19,3 +18,0 @@
-<gloss>uncertainty</gloss>
-<gloss>transiency</gloss>
-<gloss>mutability</gloss>
@@ -23,0 +21 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -25 +22,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -26,0 +24,4 @@
+<gloss>mutable</gloss>
+<gloss>uncertain</gloss>
+<gloss>ever-changing</gloss>
+<gloss>transitory</gloss>
@@ -28,3 +29 @@
-<gloss>fleeting</gloss>
-<gloss>momentary</gloss>
-<gloss>short-lived</gloss>
+<gloss>evanescent</gloss>
8. A 2025-12-23 22:23:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-12-23 19:32:33  parfait8
  Refs:
sankoku, daijr/s, meikyo, shinkoku, etc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism)
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,8 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1798050">常住・2</xref>
+<field>&Buddh;</field>
+<gloss>impermanence</gloss>
+<gloss>uncertainty</gloss>
+<gloss>transiency</gloss>
+<gloss>mutability</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -18,6 +26,5 @@
-<xref type="ant" seq="1798050">常住・2</xref>
-<field>&Buddh;</field>
-<gloss>uncertainty</gloss>
-<gloss>transiency</gloss>
-<gloss>impermanence</gloss>
-<gloss>mutability</gloss>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>transient</gloss>
+<gloss>fleeting</gloss>
+<gloss>momentary</gloss>
+<gloss>short-lived</gloss>
6. A 2020-07-22 09:14:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1567390 Active (id: 2355385)
拵える [ichi1]
こしらえる [ichi1]
1. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to make
▶ to manufacture
▶ to fabricate
2. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to build
▶ to construct
3. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to prepare
▶ to get ready
▶ to make (in advance)
4. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to dress (oneself in)
▶ to dress up (in)
▶ to put on (one's makeup, a dress, etc.)
▶ to adorn (oneself in)
5. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to raise money (for)
▶ to gather (a sum)
▶ to save up
▶ to incur (a debt)
6. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to have (a child, partner, lover, etc.)
▶ to make (a friend)
▶ to start (an affair)
7. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to make up (e.g. an excuse)
▶ to fabricate (a story)
▶ to invent
▶ to concoct

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-12-27 04:31:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-26 12:26:01  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Chuujiten, GG5, Prog, Meikyo

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 拵える   │  4,122 │ 14.6% │
│ こしらえる │ 24,058 │ 85.4% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
Yes it should, Meikyo, GG5, etc. do the same.

Drafting an entry and expanding this one.
  Diff:
@@ -12,3 +11,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>こさえる</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -20,0 +18,51 @@
+<gloss>to fabricate</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>to build</gloss>
+<gloss>to construct</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>to prepare</gloss>
+<gloss>to get ready</gloss>
+<gloss>to make (in advance)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>to dress (oneself in)</gloss>
+<gloss>to dress up (in)</gloss>
+<gloss>to put on (one's makeup, a dress, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to adorn (oneself in)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>to raise money (for)</gloss>
+<gloss>to gather (a sum)</gloss>
+<gloss>to save up</gloss>
+<gloss>to incur (a debt)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>to have (a child, partner, lover, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to make (a friend)</gloss>
+<gloss>to start (an affair)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>to make up (e.g. an excuse)</gloss>
+<gloss>to fabricate (a story)</gloss>
+<gloss>to invent</gloss>
+<gloss>to concoct</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-24 18:39:27 
  Refs:
daijs
  Comments:
こさえる should be split out because it is [col]

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1578900 Active (id: 2355200)
高名 [ichi1,news2,nf30]
こうめい [ichi1,news2,nf30] こうみょう
1. [adj-na,n]
▶ famous
▶ well-known
▶ renowned
▶ distinguished
▶ celebrated
2. (こうめい only) [n] [hon]
《usu. as ご高名》
▶ your name



History:
5. A 2025-12-24 22:35:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-24 18:46:36 
  Diff:
@@ -28,0 +29 @@
+<stagr>こうめい</stagr>
3. A 2020-12-20 20:19:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2020-12-20 10:24:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
  Diff:
@@ -21 +20,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -23,2 +22,11 @@
-<gloss>fame</gloss>
-<gloss>renown</gloss>
+<gloss>famous</gloss>
+<gloss>well-known</gloss>
+<gloss>renowned</gloss>
+<gloss>distinguished</gloss>
+<gloss>celebrated</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&hon;</misc>
+<s_inf>usu. as ご高名</s_inf>
+<gloss>your name</gloss>
1. A 2020-05-23 06:07:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update: Adjusting POS details
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -22 +22,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1598510 Active (id: 2355148)
天変
てんぺん
1. [n]
▶ irregular natural phenomenon (occurring in the sky)



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 05:19:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 04:51:23  Joe Murray
  Refs:
天変	7237	100.0%
天遍	0	0.0% - can't find any evidence for this, not sure if anyone has a source, removing

https://kotobank.jp/word/天変-578905#w-578905

daijs, nikk
  Comments:
Glosses were definitely off here, changing
  Diff:
@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>天遍</keb>
@@ -15,2 +12 @@
-<gloss>natural calamity</gloss>
-<gloss>striking phenomena in heaven and earth</gloss>
+<gloss>irregular natural phenomenon (occurring in the sky)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1619080 Active (id: 2355203)
尻込みしり込み尻ごみ [sK] 後込み [rK]
しりごみ
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ hesitation
▶ wavering
▶ faltering
▶ balking
▶ recoil
▶ flinching

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-12-24 22:38:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-12-24 18:08:38  Joe Murray
  Refs:
しり込み	24636	23.5% - adding
尻込み	73167	69.8%
尻ごみ	4332	4.1% - sK
後込み	2662	2.5%
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<keb>しり込み</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
5. A 2023-01-12 11:38:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
I think 1 sense is enough.
  Diff:
@@ -27,12 +26,0 @@
-<gloss>shrinking back</gloss>
-<gloss>shying away</gloss>
-<gloss>getting cold feet</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<gloss>to step back</gloss>
-<gloss>to move back</gloss>
-<gloss>to draw back</gloss>
-<gloss>to back away</gloss>
4. A* 2023-01-12 02:28:17  Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
スーパー大辞林
https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/尻込み/#jn-112540
  Comments:
added definition
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21,4 @@
+<gloss>hesitation</gloss>
+<gloss>wavering</gloss>
+<gloss>faltering</gloss>
+<gloss>balking</gloss>
@@ -22 +25,0 @@
-<gloss>hesitation</gloss>
@@ -24,0 +28,11 @@
+<gloss>shying away</gloss>
+<gloss>getting cold feet</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<gloss>to step back</gloss>
+<gloss>to move back</gloss>
+<gloss>to draw back</gloss>
+<gloss>to back away</gloss>
3. A 2022-01-09 05:28:48  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
尻込み	73167
後込み	2662
尻ごみ	4332
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>後込み</keb>
+<keb>尻ごみ</keb>
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<keb>尻ごみ</keb>
+<keb>後込み</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1650690 Active (id: 2355259)
羽箒羽帚 [rK] 羽ぼうき [sK]
はねぼうきはぼうき
1. [n]
▶ feather duster
▶ feather brush



History:
5. A 2025-12-25 20:20:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-25 12:47:38  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 羽箒   │ 3,955 │ 68.6% │
│ 羽ぼうき │   687 │ 11.9% │
│ 羽帚   │    41 │  0.7% │Shinmeikai, Sankoku, Oukoku; add; [rK]
│ はぼうき │ 1,086 │ 18.8% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
はねぼうき gets 8 hits in NINJAL corpora compared to 0 for はぼうき.
The one youglish example is はねぼうき.
Luminous has just はねぼうき.

.
  Comments:
It's not a large amount of evidence, but perhaps はねぼうき should come first.
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+<keb>羽帚</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -12 +16 @@
-<reb>はぼうき</reb>
+<reb>はねぼうき</reb>
@@ -15 +19 @@
-<reb>はねぼうき</reb>
+<reb>はぼうき</reb>
@@ -19,0 +24 @@
+<gloss>feather brush</gloss>
3. A 2025-12-25 00:33:48  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Less than 20%
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2025-12-24 22:38:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
羽箒	3955	85.2%
羽ぼうき	687	14.8%
1. A* 2025-12-24 22:10:24  Nikolai Vavilov <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
N-gram
  Comments:
Encountered this spelling in the CCs for 映像研には手を出すな!.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>羽ぼうき</keb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1784070 Active (id: 2355201)
当為
とうい
1. [n] {philosophy}
▶ what ought to be
▶ what should be
▶ what one should do



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 22:36:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 11:45:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, koj
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>needing to be done</gloss>
-<gloss>requiring a response</gloss>
+<field>&phil;</field>
+<gloss>what ought to be</gloss>
+<gloss>what should be</gloss>
+<gloss>what one should do</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1795080 Active (id: 2355174)
規範的
きはんてき
1. [adj-na]
▶ normative
▶ prescriptive



History:
1. A 2025-12-24 12:34:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
reverso, RP, eij
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>prescriptive</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1916690 Active (id: 2355173)
連辞
れんじ
1. [n] {grammar,logic}
▶ copula
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1769830 繋辞 1. copula



History:
1. A 2025-12-24 12:32:50  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, koj
連辞	2,455		
繋辞	2,750
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1769830">繋辞</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<field>&logic;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1950080 Active (id: 2355149)
とろ火
とろび
1. [n]
▶ low flame
▶ (very) low heat
▶ gentle heat



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 05:19:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 00:39:42  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, wisdom
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>low flame (heat, gas)</gloss>
+<gloss>low flame</gloss>
+<gloss>(very) low heat</gloss>
+<gloss>gentle heat</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1969070 Active (id: 2355129)
メタ言語
メタげんご
1. [n] {logic,linguistics}
▶ metalanguage
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2665450 高次言語【こうじげんご】 1. metalanguage



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 00:17:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, RP
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<field>&logic;</field>
+<field>&ling;</field>
1. A 2021-09-13 06:49:30  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
wiki> In logic and linguistics, a metalanguage is a language used to describe another language
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +11,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<field>&comp;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2078130 Active (id: 2355176)
目ん玉
めんたま
1. [n] [col]
▶ eyeball
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1535370 目玉 1. eyeball



History:
4. A 2025-12-24 12:42:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>eyeballs</gloss>
+<gloss>eyeball</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-24 08:22:12  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
sankoku
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&col;</misc>
2. A 2014-10-16 02:51:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1535370">目玉</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1535370">目玉・1</xref>
1. A 2006-03-07 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2100600 Active (id: 2355163)
尾ける追ける尾行る
つける
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to follow (someone)
▶ to shadow
▶ to tail
▶ to stalk
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1495770 付ける 9. to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2025-12-24 07:46:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-12-22 21:04:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
meikyo: 表記「追ける」「〈尾行〉る」「尾ける」などとも当てるが、かな書きが多い。
尾ける	608		
尾けて	1,897		
尾けた	1,039	
---	
追ける	49		
追けて	108		
追けた	0	
---	
尾行る	61		
尾行て	159		
尾行た	0
  Comments:
We sometimes split out certain kanji forms into separate entries if the word has many senses.
I'm OK with keeping this. We could add an "also written as" note to the 付ける entry but I'm not sure it's necessary given that none of these forms are common.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,6 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>追ける</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>尾行る</keb>
6. A* 2025-12-22 12:52:10  parfait8
  Comments:
shouldn't this be merged in 付ける as [sK] with a note for sense 9?
5. A 2022-09-09 23:42:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2022-09-09 21:27:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The note implied that 尾ける and 付ける are separate words. I think it should be dropped.
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13,4 @@
-<s_inf>from 尾行する and 付ける</s_inf>
-<gloss>to put a tail on someone</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1495770">付ける・9</xref>
+<gloss>to follow (someone)</gloss>
+<gloss>to shadow</gloss>
+<gloss>to tail</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2115110 Active (id: 2355157)

イメージビデオイメージ・ビデオ
1. [n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "image video"
▶ video aimed at producing a good impression
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2115120 イメージDVD【イメージディーブイディー】 1. DVD aimed at producing a good impression



History:
4. A 2025-12-24 05:41:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijs
  Comments:
Way off.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>video containing a slideshow of still images (usually of women)</gloss>
+<gloss>video aimed at producing a good impression</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-23 21:04:30 
  Refs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrgdpnOKxBA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhBJzhH2kZg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK5bpfU5aN8
and many others
  Comments:
are you sure about the "slideshow" or "still images" part?
it sounds like they came from mistranslating イメージ
2. A 2013-05-11 06:24:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>イメージ・ビデオ</reb>
1. A 2006-12-04 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2129970 Active (id: 2355145)
パラ言語
パラげんご
1. [n] {linguistics}
▶ paralanguage



History:
3. A 2025-12-24 05:05:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-24 00:13:07  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
RP
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paralanguage
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>paralanguage (nonlexical component of communication)</gloss>
+<field>&ling;</field>
+<gloss>paralanguage</gloss>
1. A 2007-01-21 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2195640 Active (id: 2355177)

モナド
1. [n] {philosophy}
▶ monad
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1953650 単子【たんし】 1. monad
2. [n] {mathematics}
▶ monad (in category theory)
3. [n] {computing}
▶ monad (in functional programming)



History:
7. A 2025-12-24 12:47:44  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/モナド_(圏論)
  Comments:
Yes, these are distinct senses.
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14,5 @@
+<field>&math;</field>
+<gloss>monad (in category theory)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -15 +20 @@
-<gloss>monad</gloss>
+<gloss>monad (in functional programming)</gloss>
6. A* 2025-12-24 09:53:20 
  Comments:
for xref?
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+<gloss>monad</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
5. A 2023-06-26 23:17:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2023-06-26 11:55:31  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
http://walk.northcol.org/haskell/monads/
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<field>&comp;</field>
3. A 2022-09-01 02:39:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The Japanese term probably is. The JEs and kokugos tag it as 〔哲〕.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<field>&phil;</field>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2404360 Active (id: 2355136)
長い目で見る長い目でみる [sK] 長い眼で見る [sK] 永い目で見る [sK]
ながいめでみる
1. [exp,v1] [id]
▶ to look at the long term

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-12-24 01:45:50  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
〈長/永/なが〉い〈目/眼/め〉で〈見/観/み〉て

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 長い目で見て  │ 70,864 │ 82.3% │
│ 長い目でみて  │ 12,175 │ 14.1% │ - add
│ 長い眼で見て  │  1,124 │  1.3% │ - add
│ 永い目で見て  │    907 │  1.1% │ - add
│ 長い眼でみて  │    204 │  0.2% │
│ 永い目でみて  │    188 │  0.2% │
│ 長い目で観て  │    169 │  0.2% │
│ ながい目で見て │    125 │  0.1% │
│ ながい目でみて │     91 │  0.1% │
│ 長いめで見て  │     54 │  0.1% │
│ 永い眼で見て  │     47 │  0.1% │
│ 永い目で観て  │     35 │  0.0% │
│ 長いめでみて  │     32 │  0.0% │
│ ながいめでみて │     53 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,12 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>長い目でみる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>長い眼で見る</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>永い目で見る</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,0 +25 @@
+<misc>&id;</misc>
1. A 2008-08-08 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2561020 Active (id: 2355189)
ヘテロ接合
ヘテロせつごう
1. [n] {electronics}
▶ heterojunction
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2561010 異型接合【いけいせつごう】 1. heterozygosis
2. [adj-no,n] {genetics}
▶ heterozygous
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2561010 異型接合【いけいせつごう】 2. heterogamous; heterozygous



History:
5. A 2025-12-24 20:03:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-24 17:11:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
ヘテロ接合	7,274		
異型接合	        276
  Comments:
The sense splitting didn't make sense.
Dropping x-refs.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2561010">異型接合・1</xref>
+<field>&electr;</field>
@@ -14,2 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>heterostructure</gloss>
-<gloss>heterozygosis</gloss>
@@ -19 +17,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2561010">異型接合・2</xref>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&genet;</field>
3. A 2010-07-23 23:07:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2010-07-23 18:59:41  Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Opening up for comment.
1. A 2010-07-23 18:58:36  Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
リーダーズ+プラス
http://www.ballpython.jp/dataroom/terms/terms.htm

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jmdict 2633790 Active (id: 2355206)
重ね合わせの原理重ね合せの原理 [sK]
かさねあわせのげんり
1. [exp,n] {physics}
▶ principle of superposition
▶ superposition principle



History:
3. A 2025-12-24 23:35:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
重ね合わせの原理	2,868		
重ね合せの原理	220
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -13,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -14,0 +17 @@
+<field>&physics;</field>
2. A 2011-05-16 06:14:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-05-16 04:28:40  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, eij, gg5

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2665450 Active (id: 2355130)
高次言語
こうじげんご
1. [n] {logic,linguistics}
▶ metalanguage
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1969070 メタ言語 1. metalanguage



History:
3. A 2025-12-24 00:19:33  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, koj
高次言語	41		
メタ言語	6,853
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1969070">メタ言語</xref>
+<field>&logic;</field>
+<field>&ling;</field>
2. A 2011-10-30 20:02:13  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-10-28 21:43:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2690810 Active (id: 2355150)
ホモ接合型
ホモせつごうがた
1. [adj-no,n] {genetics}
▶ homozygous



History:
6. A 2025-12-24 05:21:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
LSD
5. A* 2025-12-24 01:04:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.iu.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/textbook/chapter2.html
>> ホモ接合型: 2倍体個体において、相同な染色体ペアの双方のアレルが同じとき、その座位(サイト)の状態のことを指す言葉です。「ホモ接合である」とか「ホモ接合型」といいます(英語はhomozygousで共通)。そしてホモ接合の細胞や個体を「ホモ接合体(homozygote)」といいます。
  Comments:
I think one sense is enough here.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -12,8 +13 @@
-<gloss>homozygote</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>homojunction</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<field>&genet;</field>
4. A 2012-03-09 22:07:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
3. A* 2012-03-09 05:51:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
if this is actually used to mean 'homojunction', i think it should be a separate sense from homozygote.  (very different meanings in genetics and semiconductors)
2. A* 2012-03-07 10:35:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Eijiro, WWW pages.
  Comments:
I think this is clearer.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +11,5 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>homozygote</gloss>
+<gloss>homojunction</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -12,1 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2690820 Active (id: 2355188)
ヘテロ接合型
ヘテロせつごうがた
1. [adj-no,n] {genetics}
▶ heterozygous



History:
6. A 2025-12-24 20:02:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-24 11:37:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Style alignment with ホモ接合型.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -12,4 +13 @@
-<gloss>heterozygote</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<field>&genet;</field>
4. A 2012-03-09 05:45:36  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2012-03-07 10:37:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
JWN, Wiki
  Comments:
I think this is clearer.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +11,4 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>heterozygote</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -12,1 +16,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
2. A* 2012-03-06 23:58:36  Marcus
  Diff:
@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@
-<keb>ホモ接合型</keb>
+<keb>ヘテロ接合型</keb>
@@ -8,1 +8,1 @@
-<reb>ホモせつごうがた</reb>
+<reb>ヘテロせつごうがた</reb>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2828542 Deleted (id: 2355154)

マシンライク
1. [adj-na] [rare]
▶ machine-like



History:
4. D 2025-12-24 05:29:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. D* 2025-12-23 23:30:30  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
マシンライク	0		
マシーンライク	0
  Comments:
I don't think this is worth having even as a [rare] entry.
2. A 2016-03-04 06:33:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Hardly used.
  Diff:
@@ -8,2 +8,3 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>machine like</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<misc>&obsc;</misc>
+<gloss>machine-like</gloss>
1. A* 2016-02-17 23:44:22  Scott
  Refs:
120 googits

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jmdict 2839110 Active (id: 2355142)
打ち言葉打言葉 [sK] 打ちことば [sK]
うちことば
1. [n]
▶ typed language (as opposed to spoken language or formal written language)
▶ language used in digital written communication (characterized by abbreviations, emoticons, etc.)



History:
4. A 2025-12-24 05:03:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-24 00:11:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs:(「話し言葉」「書き言葉」に対して)携帯電話やパソコンのキーを使って(打って)書かれた語句・語法。また、その文章。メールに使われる絵文字・顔文字や「アケオメ(明けましておめでとう)」などの略語による簡略化した表現や、漢字を多用するなどの特徴があるとされる。
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/打ち言葉
  Comments:
I think "textspeak" is too narrow.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>打ちことば</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,4 +20,2 @@
-<gloss>textspeak</gloss>
-<gloss>texting language</gloss>
-<gloss>typed language</gloss>
-<gloss g_type="expl">abbreviated language and slang commonly used in text messages, email, etc.</gloss>
+<gloss>typed language (as opposed to spoken language or formal written language)</gloss>
+<gloss>language used in digital written communication (characterized by abbreviations, emoticons, etc.)</gloss>
2. A 2019-04-06 22:57:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>打言葉</keb>
@@ -14,0 +18 @@
+<gloss g_type="expl">abbreviated language and slang commonly used in text messages, email, etc.</gloss>
1. A* 2019-04-06 19:29:26 
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/打言葉-440366
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_language

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jmdict 2868403 Active (id: 2355207)
口が合う口があう [sK]
くちがあう
1. [exp,v5u]
▶ to have similar tastes (in food)
▶ to have compatible palates
2. [exp,v5u]
▶ to be in sync (of lip movements with spoken or sung vocals)
3. [exp,v5u] [arch]
▶ to understand each other
▶ to be in agreement

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2025-12-24 23:59:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -23,2 +23 @@
-<gloss>to be in sync (to the audio)</gloss>
-<gloss>to be in lip-sync</gloss>
+<gloss>to be in sync (of lip movements with spoken or sung vocals)</gloss>
@@ -30,2 +29,2 @@
-<gloss>to get along (with)</gloss>
-<gloss>to talk in harmony</gloss>
+<gloss>to understand each other</gloss>
+<gloss>to be in agreement</gloss>
8. A* 2025-12-20 11:06:00  parfait8
  Refs:
https://x.com/TAKAHIRO_HD883/status/1958522687166583034
https://x.com/RenonLove_Ch/status/1998322823383912515
https://x.com/yuming_0914/status/434285875816460288
https://x.com/creorippa900/status/1967859114664693894
https://cinemore.jp/jp/news-feature/4161/article_p3.html
  Diff:
@@ -27 +27,2 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&v5u;</pos>
@@ -29,2 +30,2 @@
-<gloss>to get along with</gloss>
-<gloss>to share opinions</gloss>
+<gloss>to get along (with)</gloss>
+<gloss>to talk in harmony</gloss>
7. A* 2025-12-20 10:44:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
They seem quite plausibile, BUT we really need some examples from the tweets and web pages that lead you to those meaings. I'll keep this pending until we have that information. 
Assuming the entry proceeds, we may as well include the old meaning as well.
  Diff:
@@ -24,0 +25,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>to get along with</gloss>
+<gloss>to share opinions</gloss>
6. A* 2025-12-19 02:11:38  parfait8
  Comments:
found several tweets/web results using these two meanings
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>口があう</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -11,4 +15,10 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>to get along with</gloss>
-<gloss>to share opinions</gloss>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&v5u;</pos>
+<gloss>to have similar tastes (in food)</gloss>
+<gloss>to have compatible palates</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&v5u;</pos>
+<gloss>to be in sync (to the audio)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be in lip-sync</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-19 01:15:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Given that it's more likely to mean something else in modern Japanese, I think this entry does more harm than good.
We usually reject archaic expressions.
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868480 Active (id: 2355152)
電子ジャー
でんしジャー
1. [n]
▶ (electric) rice warmer
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1064920 ジャー 1. container for keeping food or drink warm; (wide-mouthed) thermos; (rice) warmer



History:
4. A 2025-12-24 05:22:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-23 00:44:26  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think it's slang. The online refs don't describe it as slang.
We haven't tagged 炊飯ジャー (which is in GG5) as [sl].
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
2. A 2025-12-22 22:49:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 08:17:01  parfait8
  Refs:
pixiv, jitsuyo

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────╮
│ 電子ジャー │ 11,431 │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────╯

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jmdict 2868503 Active (id: 2355156)
青灰色
あおはいいろせいかいしょく
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ grayish blue
▶ greyish blue
▶ ash grey
▶ merle



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 05:34:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
RP, Eijiro
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18,2 @@
+<gloss>ash grey</gloss>
+<gloss>merle</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-23 15:58:52  <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
jitsuyo
https://www.weblio.jp/content/青灰色

Article where I saw this used (it's in the first sentence): https://www.min-inuzukan.com/yorkshire-terrier.html
「スチールブルーといわれる犬種独特の青灰色の毛」

Also found it here
https://kanji.reader.bz/青灰色

青灰色	9888
  Comments:
I saw this used in an article (see the second link in the references) to describe the coat of a Yorkshire terrier. 

灰青色 is already in as "grayish blue", but the jitsuyo definition says this is also grayish blue (as opposed to bluish gray).

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jmdict 2868504 Active (id: 2355155)

オラつくおらつく
1. [v5k,vi] [col]
▶ to appear haughty
▶ to exude a menacing aura
▶ to be audacious

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-12-24 05:31:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-23 18:43:04  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
1. A* 2025-12-23 18:09:52  <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Jitsuyo
https://www.weblio.jp/content/オラつく
  Comments:
Saw this in a novel. Here is the excerpt: かつてはやんちゃしてましたというオラついた容貌と、酒とタバコでかすれるだけかすれた声を併せ持つ。じつにわかりやすい〈悪い人〉。

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jmdict 2868508 Active (id: 2355162)
豚骨スープ
とんこつスープ
1. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ pork bone soup
▶ pork broth



History:
3. A 2025-12-24 07:42:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&food;</field>
2. A 2025-12-24 07:42:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>pork bone soup</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-24 07:06:41  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
豚骨スープ	91256
  Comments:
Broth made from pork bones/flesh. Similar to 鶏がらスープ, which already has an entry.

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jmdict 2868509 Active pending (id: 2355166)
嫌知らず
いやしらず
1. [n]
▶ person or demeanor characterized by persisting in their actions or attitude, even when the other party expresses their disapproval



History:
1. A* 2025-12-24 08:33:35  solo_han
  Refs:
https://sophy-style.com/iyasirazu-meaning-howto-deal-with/

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jmdict 2868510 Active (id: 2355194)
接続詞省略
せつぞくししょうりゃく
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ asyndeton



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 20:09:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&gramm;</field>
1. A* 2025-12-24 12:40:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, RP, eij, jawiki

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jmdict 2868511 Active (id: 2355422)
ホモ接合
ホモせつごう
1. [adj-no,n] {genetics}
▶ homozygous



History:
4. A 2025-12-27 19:04:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-27 17:01:25 
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>ほもせつごう</reb>
+<reb>ホモせつごう</reb>
2. A 2025-12-24 20:03:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 17:15:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, RP
ホモ接合	3,445

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jmdict 2868512 Active (id: 2355191)
ヘミ接合体
ヘミせつごうたい
1. [n] {genetics}
▶ hemizygote



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 20:03:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 17:20:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
RP, 最新医学大辞典, eij

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jmdict 2868513 Active (id: 2355712)
人はパンのみにて生くるにあらず人はパンのみにて生くるに非ず
ひとはパンのみにていくるにあらず
1. [exp] [proverb]
▶ man shall not live by bread alone



History:
4. A 2025-12-30 01:15:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not needed.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<s_inf>from the Bible</s_inf>
3. A* 2025-12-29 21:21:43 
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<s_inf>from the Bible</s_inf>
2. A 2025-12-29 04:35:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
生くる者にあらず	59
生くるにあらず	4830
生くるに非ず	1883
  Comments:
Interesting.
1. A* 2025-12-24 18:35:18 
  Refs:
https://imidas.jp/proverb/detail/X-02-C-27-4-0050.html
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/人はパンのみにて生くるにあらず
  Comments:
not 生くる者にあらず but 生くるにあらず

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jmdict 2868514 Active (id: 2355196)
鱗甲目
りんこうもく
1. [n]
▶ pangolin



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 20:12:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 19:27:58 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/鱗甲目

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jmdict 2868515 Active pending (id: 2355198)

やるな
1. [int]
▶ well done!
▶ impressive!



History:
1. A* 2025-12-24 22:02:58  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/やるな
https://hinative.com/questions/1420742
  Comments:
Encountered in a game. In that context it means something more like "well played," but I think it can be used more generally too.

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jmdict 2868515 Active pending (parent: 2355198) (id: 2358022)

やるな
1. [int]
▶ well done!
▶ impressive!



History:
2. A* 2026-01-19 10:36:41 
  Refs:
daijisen: 12 物事をうまくやる。なしとげる。「ついに―・ったぞ」
wiktionary: 成功する。うまく行う。成し遂げる。優秀さを発揮する。
meikyo: 「やった、合格だ」「やったね!」など、遂行された行為を称賛して自動詞的にも使う。
  Comments:
the problem is that the やる entry has nothing corresponding to those three dictionary extracts; the entries やるじゃないか・やるじゃん・やるな could be deleted if that is rectified
1. A* 2025-12-24 22:02:58  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/やるな
https://hinative.com/questions/1420742
  Comments:
Encountered in a game. In that context it means something more like "well played," but I think it can be used more generally too.

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jmdict 2868516 Active (id: 2355226)
超実数
ちょうじっすう
1. [n] {mathematics}
▶ hyperreal number



History:
2. A 2025-12-25 07:22:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 23:29:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/超実数
https://math-jp.net/2021/07/20/超実数のイメージがわくように説明するよ/
https://ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/~kono/lecture/basic-math/math08/lecture.html

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jmdict 2868517 Active (id: 2355227)
超準解析
ちょうじゅんかいせき
1. [n] {mathematics}
▶ nonstandard analysis



History:
2. A 2025-12-25 07:22:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 23:32:21  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, RP, jawiki, 世界大百科

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jmnedict 5025700 Active (id: 2355139)

キューブリック
1. [surname]
▶ Kubrick
2. [person]
▶ Kubrick, Stanley (1928.7.26-1999.3.7; American film director)



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 02:55:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 02:32:40  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/スタンリー・キューブリック

〈キュ/ク〉(ー)ブリック

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ キューブリック │ 74,099 │ 98.9% │
│ クーブリック  │    603 │  0.8% │
│ キュブリック  │    189 │  0.3% │
│ クブリック   │     70 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>
@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@
+<sense>
+<misc>&person;</misc>
+<gloss>Kubrick, Stanley (1928.7.26-1999.3.7; American film director)</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmnedict 5065844 Active (id: 2355195)

ヒューム
1. [surname]
▶ Hume
2. [surname]
▶ Hulme
3. [person]
▶ Hume, David (1711-1776; Scottish philosopher)



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 20:12:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I had wondered about that, but decided there was no real advantage. In fact, Hume and Hulme could share the one "sense".
1. A* 2025-12-24 11:51:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, koj
  Comments:
I wonder if it would be better to split out etymologically unrelated names into separate entries, like we do with loanwords in jmdict.
  Diff:
@@ -8,2 +8 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
-<gloss>Hulme</gloss>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>
@@ -11,0 +11,8 @@
+<sense>
+<misc>&surname;</misc>
+<gloss>Hulme</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<misc>&person;</misc>
+<gloss>Hume, David (1711-1776; Scottish philosopher)</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmnedict 5591767 Active (id: 2355153)
柏崎刈羽
かしわざきかりわ [spec1]
1. [place]
▶ Kashiwazaki Kariwa



History:
5. A 2025-12-24 05:27:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
In the news.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4. A* 2025-12-23 23:04:32 
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<misc>&company;</misc>
+<misc>&place;</misc>
3. A 2025-12-23 04:39:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-22 23:50:32 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柏崎刈羽原子力発電所
  Diff:
@@ -8,2 +8 @@
-<reb>かしさきかりわ</reb>
-<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
+<reb>かしわざきかりわ</reb>
1. A 2023-05-08 23:47:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmnedict 5747492 Active (id: 2355193)
人間本性論
にんげんほんせいろん
1. [work]
▶ A Treatise of Human Nature (book by David Hume; publ. 1739-40)



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 20:04:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 11:57:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, jawiki, 世界大百科

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jmnedict 5747493 Active (id: 2355192)
人性論
じんせいろん [spec1]
1. [work]
▶ A Treatise of Human Nature (book by David Hume; publ. 1739-40)



History:
2. A 2025-12-24 20:04:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-24 12:04:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, nipponica, 世界大百科, eij

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