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jmdict 1064920 Active (id: 2355151)

ジャー [gai1]
1. [n]
▶ container for keeping food or drink warm
▶ (wide-mouthed) thermos
▶ (rice) warmer
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868480 電子ジャー 1. (electric) rice warmer
2. [n]
▶ jar



History:
7. A 2025-12-24 05:22:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
6. A* 2025-12-23 23:16:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr: 飲み物・御飯などをいれる保温容器。広口の魔法瓶。
koj: 保温装置つきの広口容器。広口の魔法瓶や飯の保温器など。「炊飯―」
meikyo: 口の広い保温容器。「電子━」
  Comments:
I've just realised that this is sense 1.
I don't think the note on sense 2 is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -10,2 +10,5 @@
-<gloss>vacuum bottle</gloss>
-<gloss>thermos</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
+<gloss>container for keeping food or drink warm</gloss>
+<gloss>(wide-mouthed) thermos</gloss>
+<gloss>(rice) warmer</gloss>
@@ -15 +17,0 @@
-<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf>
@@ -17,7 +18,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2749070">炊飯ジャー</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
-<gloss>warmer function (e.g. on a rice cooker)</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-23 20:08:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Something like this?
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
@@ -23 +23 @@
-<gloss>rice warmer</gloss>
+<gloss>warmer function (e.g. on a rice cooker)</gloss>
4. A* 2025-12-23 01:01:05  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Is it used as a standalone word? I don't think it's correct to say that ジャー means "rice warmer". Terms like 炊飯ジャー and 電子ジャー were coined to describe rice cookers that had a "keep warm" function.
3. A* 2025-12-22 22:48:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Multiple WWW hits and images for products.
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2749070">炊飯ジャー</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref>
+<gloss>rice warmer</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1118530 Active (id: 2355099)

ヘテロ
1. [pref]
▶ hetero-
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1122700 ホモ 1. homo-
2. [n] [abbr]
▶ heterosexual
▶ hetero
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2637930 ヘテロセクシュアル 1. heterosexual
3. [n] [abbr] {genetics}
▶ heterozygote
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2233420 ヘテロ接合体 1. heterozygote
4. [adj-no] {genetics}
▶ heterozygous



History:
7. A 2025-12-23 19:56:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-12-23 09:13:27  Sombrero1
  Diff:
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<gloss>hetro-</gloss>
+<gloss>hetero-</gloss>
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>hetro</gloss>
+<gloss>hetero</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-22 23:59:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, koj
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,6 @@
+<pos>&pref;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1122700">ホモ・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1122700">ホモ・1</xref>
+<gloss>hetro-</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -11 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>hetero</gloss>
@@ -12,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>hetro</gloss>
@@ -16,0 +23 @@
+<field>&genet;</field>
@@ -18,0 +26,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<field>&genet;</field>
+<gloss>heterozygous</gloss>
4. A 2011-05-22 03:20:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2011-05-22 03:16:23  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ref is gg5 for sense 1&2, kokugos have only sense 2
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1122700 Active (id: 2355085)

ホモ [gai1]
1. [pref]
▶ homo-
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1118530 ヘテロ 1. hetero-
2. [n] [abbr,derog]
▶ homo
▶ (male) homosexual
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1122760 ホモセクシュアル 1. homosexual
  ⇐ see: 2772100 モーホー 1. homo; (male) homosexual
3. [n] [abbr] {genetics}
▶ homozygote
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2233410 ホモ接合体 1. homozygote
4. [adj-no] {genetics}
▶ homozygous
5. [n] [abbr]
▶ homogenization
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1122750 ホモジナイズ 1. homogenization



History:
13. A 2025-12-23 08:50:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've indexed the sentences.
12. A* 2025-12-23 00:19:21  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, koj
https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/ホモ
  Comments:
Indeed. I'll split it out.
Added sense.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,6 @@
+<pos>&pref;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1118530">ヘテロ・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1118530">ヘテロ・1</xref>
+<gloss>homo-</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -10 +15,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -19 +23,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -25,0 +30,5 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<field>&genet;</field>
+<gloss>homozygous</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -27 +35,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -31,6 +38,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<lsource xml:lang="lat"/>
-<gloss>Homo (genus of primates incl. modern humans)</gloss>
11. A* 2025-12-22 22:29:39 
  Comments:
lsrc split, Homo should go
10. A 2025-12-22 20:10:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2025-12-22 14:33:48  Sombrero1
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<field>&genet;</field>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1185830 Active (id: 2355007)
下駄箱げた箱 [sK] ゲタ箱 [sK]
げたばこ
1. [n]
▶ shoe rack (at an entrance)
▶ shoe cupboard
▶ shoe cubby



History:
8. A 2025-12-22 16:21:41  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-12-22 12:12:36  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 下駄箱 │ 191,114 │ 90.5% │
│ げた箱 │  15,662 │  7.4% │ add sK
│ ゲタ箱 │   4,372 │  2.1% │ add
╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ゲタ箱</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2024-02-20 03:26:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
What the heck. May as well include it.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>shoe cubby</gloss>
5. A* 2024-02-20 00:23:32  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
"Things at my Japanese school that could send Americans into a coma…"
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/7O55gYrMJ_o

First 10 seconds:
"We all had to change from outdoor to indoor shoes as soon as we entered the school, and 'no', I never saw any love-note confessions in the shoe cubbies".

(1.6 million "likes", so probably 20+ million views, no one in the comments questioning the vocab)

As an aside, some really nice pictures and a write-up in a non-school context:
"Build your own shoe cubby"
https://sincerelysarad.com/tag/diy-shoe-cubby/
  Comments:
How about:
shoe cubby (esp. in a school) 

"Native English speaker describing Japanese public school teaching experience" is a pretty common J->E scenario.

Video shows usage in the first 10~15 seconds.  I did not go looking for this video to make any kind of point, youtube dumped it on me randomly.  Usage exactly matches my intuition. The poster is also American, so possibly AmE. 

Maybe it's not possible to add "cubby" with our current glossing policies. In any case, both this and "shoe cupboard" point to a broader conversation I'd like to have on github when I can find the time. Suddenly busy with work, could be a while.

Not going to be worked up if "cubby" is not added, but I thought you might find this real-world example interesting.  I'd be curious if your "gut" reaction differs if seeing it live, but that's neither here nor there.
4. A 2024-02-03 11:14:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Never heard of cubby in this context.
  Diff:
@@ -16,2 +16 @@
-<gloss>shoe cabinet</gloss>
-<gloss>shoe cubby</gloss>
+<gloss>shoe cupboard</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1195130 Active (id: 2355044)
いじめっ子苛めっ子 [rK] 虐めっ子 [rK] イジメっ子 [sK]
いじめっこ
1. [n]
▶ bully
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2068970 いじめられっ子 1. bullied child



History:
7. A 2025-12-22 22:09:10  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
If 苛めっ子 is visible, I think 虐めっ子 should be too.
Not sure the x-ref is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>イジメっ子</keb>
@@ -15,0 +13,4 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>イジメっ子</keb>
6. A 2025-12-22 20:14:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-22 11:54:44  GM <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2068970">いじめられっ子</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2068970">いじめられっ子</xref>
4. A 2023-08-30 21:01:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-08-30 20:22:12  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
〈虐め/苛め/いじめ/イジメ〉〈っこ/っ子/ッコ〉

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ いじめっ子 │ 94,459 │ 70.7% │
│ イジメっ子 │ 13,588 │ 10.2% │ - add
│ 苛めっ子  │  2,618 │  2.0% │ - rK (kokugos)
│ 虐めっ子  │  1,859 │  1.4% │ - add, sK
│ 苛めっこ  │     64 │  0.0% │
│ 虐めっこ  │     56 │  0.0% │
│ いじめっこ │ 18,822 │ 14.1% │
│ イジメっこ │  1,122 │  0.8% │
│ イジメッコ │    882 │  0.7% │
│ いじめッコ │     53 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<keb>イジメっ子</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>虐めっ子</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1208870 Active (id: 2357198)
叶う [ichi1]
かなう [ichi1]
1. [v5u,vi]
▶ to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.)
▶ to be realized
▶ to be fulfilled
▶ to be granted
▶ to be answered (of a prayer)
▶ to be requited (of love)

Conjugations


History:
12. A 2026-01-12 04:26:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I reindexed the sentences.
11. A 2026-01-12 04:08:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2026-01-12 02:33:07  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK, let's do it.
  Diff:
@@ -8,6 +7,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>適う</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>敵う</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -19 +12,0 @@
-<stagk>叶う</stagk>
@@ -28,21 +20,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagk>適う</stagk>
-<pos>&v5u;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<gloss>to suit (one's needs, tastes, purpose, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to serve</gloss>
-<gloss>to meet (one's expectations, wishes, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to measure up to (e.g. one's ideal)</gloss>
-<gloss>to conform to (the law, standards, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to be consistent with (reason, morality, etc.)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&v5u;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<s_inf>esp. 敵う; with neg. verb</s_inf>
-<gloss>to match</gloss>
-<gloss>to be a match for</gloss>
-<gloss>to rival</gloss>
-<gloss>to equal</gloss>
-<gloss>to compare with</gloss>
9. A* 2025-12-25 12:30:31  Sombrero1
  Comments:
FWIW Shinmeikai, Shinsen and GendaiRK also restrict each sense.
8. A* 2025-12-25 11:04:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I feel it's probably better to make this 3 entries, as in the JEs.
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 1208880 Active (id: 2358091)
叶える [ichi1]
かなえる [ichi1]
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to grant (request, wish)
▶ to answer (prayer)
▶ to make come true (e.g. a dream)
▶ to realize
▶ to fulfill

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2026-01-20 04:24:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Splitting. Also aligning the glosses more with the JEs.
  Diff:
@@ -8,3 +7,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>適える</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -16 +12,0 @@
-<stagk>叶える</stagk>
@@ -19 +15,3 @@
-<gloss>to make come true (e.g. a dream, wish, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to grant (request, wish)</gloss>
+<gloss>to answer (prayer)</gloss>
+<gloss>to make come true (e.g. a dream)</gloss>
@@ -21,11 +19 @@
-<gloss>to fulfill (e.g. a request, wish, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to grant</gloss>
-<gloss>to answer (a prayer)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagk>適える</stagk>
-<pos>&v1;</pos>
-<pos>&vt;</pos>
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
-<gloss>to fulfill (conditions)</gloss>
-<gloss>to meet (requirements)</gloss>
+<gloss>to fulfill</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-25 04:00:30  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
叶える	696838 way way more common and likely to get an IME hit
適える	3455

条件を叶え	192	52.6% rate of "mistakes" is significant
条件をかなえ	135	37.0% possibly [uk]?
条件を適え	38	10.4%

夢を叶えた	19187	49.4%
夢をかなえた	14784	38.0%
夢を適えた	46	0.1% rate of "mistakes" is trivial
  Comments:
Robin has a comment on 叶う that if we put a [restr] on all three senses there, we'd have to split the entries.

Maybe we should.  One upside of a split is that each kanji form gets an top-level "this kanji means this" headword, which in this case seems correct.

On this entry in particular, I was originally going to comment "[2] is so rare, I would not object to splitting it off and marking the whole entry rare".  Unlike 適う, 適える seems to have largely died off, and its presence here just adds noise.

Because the 3-way split on 叶う seemed like it wouldn't happen, I didn't make the suggestion. But considering this entry in isolation, I think a split here makes sense.

Because 叶える is *so* much more common than 適える, an "esp. 適える" note on 2 isn't even technically correct.  There are more "mistakes" using 叶える than correct uses of 適える.

If we split, we could put 叶える[sK] on the 適える entry.  A corresponding entry would *not* be needed on 叶える.
4. A* 2025-12-22 18:53:16  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijs, uncommon explicit kanji split:
https://kotobank.jp/word/適える-465027
1 (適える)ぴったり合うようにする。条件や基準などを、十分に満たす。「必要条件を―・える」
2 (叶える)思いどおりに実現させる。聞き届ける。成就させる。「希望を―・えてやる」

https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/かなえる
【叶える】望みなどを実現させる。
【適える】基準や条件を満たす。

適える	3455	0.2% <--- only this one died, now [rare]
適う	123949	6.5%
叶える	696838	36.7%
叶う	1073663	56.6%

gpt:
5. Why 適える specifically feels obsolete
適う survived as an intransitive evaluative verb
満たす took over the transitive, procedural role
So 適える was squeezed out from both sides.

https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=夢をかな
夢をかなえる
live out a dream
make one's dream happen
make one's dream reality
realize [actualize] a [one's] dream

夢 is 40% of all of the things that can be 叶えるed...
を叶える	579339
夢を叶える 248847
夢を適える	337	  

Things that can be realized or granted: (gpt)
願いを叶える	109783
願望を叶える	8772	0.0%
希望を叶える	17071	0.0%
望みを叶える	28473	0.1%
要望を叶える	2659	
祈りを叶える	168	0.0%
約束を叶える	234	1.4%
恋を叶える	12256	71.3% <- a tough translation
想いを叶える	3280	19.1%
気持ちを叶える	1428	8.3%
目的を叶える	958 a goal...


A weird one:
Romantic / emotional (high metaphor density)
恋を叶える
to make one’s love come true
to turn love into reality

想いを叶える
to have one’s feelings fulfilled
to see one’s feelings reciprocated (contextual, very natural)
English often resolves this relationally, not abstractly.

How you actually fulfill requirements in Japanese:
条件を満たし	304658	99.9%
条件を叶え	192	0.1% <-- includes inevitable mistakes
条件をかなえ	135	0.0%
条件を適え	38	0.0%
条件に適う	11614 (or this)
  Comments:
"esp." does not do this justice:
夢を叶える 248847
夢を適える	337

daijs and wiktionary give kanji-specific senses.  [restr] is better than "esp." here.  Prescriptively (and usu. in practice) you should not use either kanji outside of the correct sense.

Came here from the anime Erased/僕だけがいない街. 
Q: Why do you have バイト?
A: 自分で稼いだお金で叶えたい夢がある.  Because I have a dream I want to achieve using money I’ve earned myself.

This entry has always given me the impression 叶える was only for granting to others.  In the case of 夢, 叶える actually defaults to applying to ones own dreams. 

see also 叶う[1]: to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled​
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<stagk>叶える</stagk>
@@ -18,3 +19,5 @@
-<s_inf>esp. 叶える</s_inf>
-<gloss>to grant (request, wish)</gloss>
-<gloss>to answer (prayer)</gloss>
+<gloss>to make come true (e.g. a dream, wish, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to realize</gloss>
+<gloss>to fulfill (e.g. a request, wish, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to grant</gloss>
+<gloss>to answer (a prayer)</gloss>
@@ -22,0 +26 @@
+<stagk>適える</stagk>
@@ -25 +29 @@
-<s_inf>esp. 適える</s_inf>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
3. A 2010-09-29 22:25:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2010-09-29 17:55:35  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daijr, daijs
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>適える</keb>
@@ -15,0 +18,1 @@
+<s_inf>esp. 叶える</s_inf>
@@ -18,0 +22,7 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<s_inf>esp. 適える</s_inf>
+<gloss>to fulfill (conditions)</gloss>
+<gloss>to meet (requirements)</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1269390 Active (id: 2355147)
遅れを取る [news2,nf25] 後れを取る遅れをとる [sK] 後れをとる [sK]
おくれをとる [news2,nf25]
1. [exp,v5r]
▶ to fall behind
▶ to lag behind
▶ to be outdistanced
▶ to be beaten

Conjugations


History:
13. A 2025-12-24 05:16:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Seems OK.
12. A* 2025-12-24 03:13:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
luminous: だれにも後れを取りたくない I don't want to be beaten by anybody.
  Comments:
I understand the reasoning but I still think "to be beaten" works in some contexts, e.g. in the sense of being beaten to the punch. Also, "遅れを取っている" could be translated as "being beaten (in some aspect)".
  Diff:
@@ -29,0 +30 @@
+<gloss>to be outdistanced</gloss>
@@ -31 +31,0 @@
-<gloss>to be defeated</gloss>
11. A* 2025-12-22 06:35:04 
  Comments:
I meant to say that I wrote the previous thinking about a fistfight but somehow forgot
but yes, I think "defeat" is too definite, that the fight is still in progress
it will *probably* lead to a defeat though
10. A* 2025-12-22 06:20:26 
  Comments:
I think I understand huixing's argument, that these two glossses are not accurate
accurate would be whatever the opposite of "to have the upper hand" is, i.e. that you are "down on points" so to speak,
that you look like you're losing, but _have not lost yet_ and can in fact regain the lead, to make an upset
(compare the situation to a race where you are 100m behind the lead runner)
I'd prefer something like "to be losing" or "to be on the verge of defeat" to these two if there are no better options around
9. A 2025-12-22 03:51:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1333040 Active (id: 2354948)
終了 [ichi1,news1,nf05]
しゅうりょう [ichi1,news1,nf05]
1. [n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ end
▶ close
▶ conclusion
▶ termination
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1202760 開始 1. start; commencement; beginning; initiation

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-22 03:53:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-21 21:28:24  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
試合終了	492,134
生産終了	248,994
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<gloss>conclusion</gloss>
3. A 2022-08-03 05:42:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2022-08-03 04:56:54  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s, meikyo
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1202760">開始</xref>
1. A 2021-11-18 00:56:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19,2 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1389120 Active (id: 2355078)
千年
せんねん
1. [n]
▶ thousand years
▶ millennium
▶ [fig] long time



History:
9. A 2025-12-23 04:45:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Thanks.
8. A* 2025-12-23 01:18:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'll set up the split.
  Diff:
@@ -7,6 +6,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>千歳</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>千載</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -15,11 +8,0 @@
-<re_restr>千年</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ちとせ</reb>
-<re_restr>千年</re_restr>
-<re_restr>千歳</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>せんざい</reb>
-<re_restr>千歳</re_restr>
-<re_restr>千載</re_restr>
@@ -29 +12 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>thousand years</gloss>
@@ -31 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>one thousand years</gloss>
7. A* 2025-12-22 14:51:52  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Nikkoku and all of my Kogo dictionaries have ちとせ for 千年・千歳.
But it's not in any modern references as far as I can see.
Could probably have 千年 with [rK] in the ちとせ entry.

First 30 youglish examples for 千年 are all せんねん

ちとせ is tagged 古風 by Meikyo and [poet] by sankoku.

.
  Comments:
I think so too.
6. A* 2025-12-22 10:55:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
JEs, Daijisen, etc.
  Comments:
I think this should be 3 entries:
- 千年 せんねん
- 千歳 ちとせ
- 千載; 千歳[rK] せんざい
I can't find 千年 being read ちとせ.
5. A* 2025-12-22 03:42:36 
  Comments:
I think 千代 is more common in classical/poetic writing
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1397160 Active (id: 2355035)
すっぱ抜き素っ破抜き [rK] 素破抜き [sK] 透っ破抜き [sK]
すっぱぬき
1. [n]
▶ exposure
▶ disclosure
▶ exposé
▶ revelation



History:
6. A 2025-12-22 21:09:51  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
すっぱ抜き	8,988	97.3%	
素っ破抜き	246	2.7%	
素破抜き	        0		
透っ破抜き	0		
透破抜き	        0
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,5 +17 @@
-<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>透破抜き</keb>
-<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -26 +23,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref>
5. A 2012-04-16 04:08:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2012-04-15 23:59:47  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
correct spelling with the accent disambiguates, and it should make quotation marks and "(e.g.)" unnecessary
  Diff:
@@ -30,1 +30,1 @@
-<gloss>"expose" (e.g. in magazine)</gloss>
+<gloss>exposé</gloss>
3. A* 2012-04-12 05:23:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
JWN
  Comments:
Alternative (and probably wrong) kanji. I suspect it comes from "素っ破 ; 透っ波 ; 透波" by mixing up the kanji.
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +13,8 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>透っ破抜き</keb>
+<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>透破抜き</keb>
+<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -19,1 +27,1 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1397170">すっぱ抜く・すっぱぬく</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref>
@@ -23,0 +31,1 @@
+<gloss>revelation</gloss>
2. A* 2012-04-12 04:46:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1397170 Active (id: 2355008)
すっぱ抜く素っ破抜く [rK] 素破抜く [sK]
すっぱぬく
1. [v5k,vt]
▶ to expose (a secret, scandal, etc.)
▶ to disclose
▶ to uncover
▶ to unmask

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2025-12-22 16:22:21  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-22 08:53:49  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ すっぱ抜い │ 4,545 │ 88.4% │
│ 素っ破抜い │    68 │  1.3% │ add rK
│ 素破抜い  │    28 │  0.5% │ add sK
│ すっぱぬい │   498 │  9.7% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12 +13 @@
-<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2018-05-20 06:51:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2018-05-19 13:36:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Comments:
I think 素破抜く is [io]. Only gg5 has it.
I don't think we need the x-ref.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
@@ -19,2 +20 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1397160">すっぱ抜き・すっぱぬき</xref>
-<gloss>to expose</gloss>
+<gloss>to expose (a secret, scandal, etc.)</gloss>
@@ -21,0 +22 @@
+<gloss>to uncover</gloss>
2. A 2012-04-16 00:00:03  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -23,1 +23,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1397160">素っ破抜き・すっぱぬき</xref>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1422020 Active (id: 2355124)
遅れ [ichi1,news1,nf04] 後れ [rK]
おくれ [ichi1,news1,nf04]
1. [n]
▶ delay
▶ lag
▶ falling behind



History:
5. A 2025-12-23 23:25:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
遅れを取っ	20,492	71.1%	
後れを取っ	8,322	28.9%
  Comments:
Notably not rare in 後れを取る but it's hardly used outside of that expression.
Dropping freq tags from 後れ.
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +12,0 @@
-<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri>
-<ke_pri>nf25</ke_pri>
@@ -20 +17,0 @@
-<re_pri>news2</re_pri>
@@ -22 +18,0 @@
-<re_pri>nf25</re_pri>
4. A 2025-12-23 20:01:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
3. A* 2025-12-22 22:42:45 
  Refs:
遅れが	2534750	100.0%
後れが	377	0.0%

遅れの	393145	99.5%
後れの	1903	0.5%
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2025-12-22 20:12:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 15:59:19  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
GG5 has "postponement" but it's not used in any of the JEs's example sentences. I don't think it's a good fit.
  Diff:
@@ -27 +26,0 @@
-<gloss>postponement</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1422060 Active (id: 2354939)
遅咲き [spec2,news2,nf33] 遅咲 [sK]
おそざき [spec2,news2,nf33]
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ blooming late
▶ flowering late
▶ blossoming late
2. [n,adj-no]
▶ being a late bloomer (of an athlete, author, etc.)



History:
4. A 2025-12-22 00:48:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-21 23:21:55  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
遅咲き	133,568	98.4%	
遅咲	2,179	1.6%
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -19,0 +21 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +23,5 @@
+<gloss>blooming late</gloss>
+<gloss>flowering late</gloss>
+<gloss>blossoming late</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -22,2 +29,2 @@
-<gloss>late blooming (flower, talent)</gloss>
-<gloss>late flowering</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>being a late bloomer (of an athlete, author, etc.)</gloss>
2. A 2012-03-13 07:28:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -22,1 +22,1 @@
-<gloss>late blooming (flower or talent)</gloss>
+<gloss>late blooming (flower, talent)</gloss>
1. A* 2012-03-10 14:13:12  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5 ジーニアス 新解さん
3,500,000 遅咲き
  260,000 遅咲
  Comments:
* Add pos [adj-no]
* Add “talent” e.g. to gloss (as in GG5)
* Add spelling 遅咲 w/o okurigana
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>遅咲</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -17,0 +20,1 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -18,2 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>late flower</gloss>
-<gloss>late blooming</gloss>
+<gloss>late blooming (flower or talent)</gloss>
+<gloss>late flowering</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1447590 Active (id: 2355029)
東海 [news1,nf02]
とうかい [news1,nf02]
1. [n]
▶ Tōkai region (of Honshu; incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1447610 東海地方 1. Tōkai region (of Honshu; incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)
2. [n]
▶ eastern sea
3. [n] [abbr,hist]
▶ Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1447620 東海道 1. Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
4. [n] [poet,arch]
▶ Japan



History:
13. A 2025-12-22 20:33:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Let's do that (moving "East Sea" to a separate トンヘ entry). とうかい can be a secondary reading.
We wouldn't typically have [poet] and [arch] on the same sense. I added [arch] in this case because the JEs and kokugos don't have this meaning. I wouldn't object to dropping [poet].
  Diff:
@@ -21,7 +21 @@
-<gloss>(the) eastern sea</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1464470">日本海</xref>
-<misc>&sens;</misc>
-<gloss>East Sea (Korean name for the Sea of Japan)</gloss>
+<gloss>eastern sea</gloss>
12. A* 2025-12-22 10:14:57  Sombrero1
  Refs:
*Kojien: ⑤(Tonghae)朝鮮で、日本海の称。トンヘ。

*KOD追加語彙 for 東海:〔日本海に対する韓国の呼称〕 ⇒トンヘ.

トンヘ【東海】 外字(tonhe)
〔日本海に対する韓国の呼称〕 the East Sea.


*新語時事用語辞典 about トンヘ:

「朝鮮語における「東海」の読み方。主に、韓国が「日本海」に替わる呼称として主張している海域名のこと。
韓国は1990年代以降、「日本海」の呼び名を「東海」の呼称に訂正するようにと国際的なキャンペーンを行っている。それに起因する一連の問題は「日本海呼称問題」などと呼ばれている。
日本海は英語では「Sea of Japan」と表記される。東海は「East Sea」であるが、「East Sea(of Korea)」と暗に韓国の国名を含んだ呼び名である。なお、日本語の「東海」に日本そのものを指す意味もある。」 

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

Most kokugos have the first sense "❶東の方にある海。"
Compare Meikyo:
❶東の方にある海。
❷本州中央部のうち、太平洋側の地方。ふつう静岡・愛知・三重の三県と岐阜県の南部をいう。東海地方。
❸「東海道」の略。⇒東海道

And the references that also have the [poet] sense have both.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
東海道 sense is in Meikyo, Sankoku, Oukoku, etc.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
Chuujiten also has this:
とうかい1【東海】
	【地名】 Donghai (トンハイ) 《中国江蘇省北部の県》

.
  Comments:
I suggest the "East Sea" sense be split out with トンヘ as the primary reading with a [lsrc] tag.
(Would it then still possible to have とうかい as a secondary reading?)

Adding two more senses from GG5 and the smaller kokugos.

Not sure if we should have [poet,arch], they are largely similar. Though I guess just dropping one of them is kind of arbitrary too.
Compare Stephen's comment in 1877000:

"There's a significant overlap between poetic and archaic words. 
To make matters more confusing, the [arch] tag in JMdict is used both on archaic words that are still used in modern Japanese and archaic words that are obsolete. "
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21,4 @@
+<gloss>(the) eastern sea</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -23,0 +28,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1447620">東海道</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss>
11. A* 2025-12-22 05:23:06  parfait8
  Comments:
is the "(Korean) East Sea" sense really appropriate?
none of the refs have it and the articles i'm seeing really only have it in the context of how 東海 (pronounced donghae) is used in south korea
i'm also seeing an additional "[abbr] 東海道" sense in some kokugos
there's also "JR東海" (not in refs)
10. A 2025-12-21 01:57:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17,2 +17 @@
-<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu</gloss>
-<gloss>incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss>
+<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu; incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss>
9. A 2025-12-21 01:57:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Wiktionary describes it as a 美称. The kokugos say it's simply a 異称. The smaller kokugos don't have this sense.
Appears to be somewhat archaic.
  Diff:
@@ -16,2 +16,3 @@
-<gloss>Tōkai region</gloss>
-<gloss g_type="expl">region south of Tokyo on the Pacific Ocean side of Japan</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1447610">東海地方</xref>
+<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu</gloss>
+<gloss>incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss>
@@ -27,0 +29 @@
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1447620 Active (id: 2355024)
東海道
とうかいどう
1. [n] [hist]
▶ Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2628950 中山道【なかせんどう】 1. Nakasendo (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
  ⇐ see: 2794910 五街道【ごかいどう】 1. the Five Highways (radiating from Edo)
  ⇐ see: 1447590 東海【とうかい】 3. Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
2. [n] [hist]
▶ Tōkaidō (under the ritsuryō system; one of the seven districts of ancient Japan)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1319430 七道 1. the seven districts of ancient Japan
  ⇒ see: 1738990 律令制 1. ritsuryō system; ancient East Asian system of centralized governance; in Japan: esp. 7th-10th century



History:
5. A 2025-12-22 20:19:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-22 10:22:27  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Meikyo, GG5, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,8 @@
-<gloss>Tokaido (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss>
+<gloss>Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1319430">七道</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1738990">律令制</xref>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>Tōkaidō (under the ritsuryō system; one of the seven districts of ancient Japan)</gloss>
3. A 2021-11-19 02:24:56  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
hist ok I guess?
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
2. A 2011-05-02 03:09:07  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-05-02 02:31:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Tidying.
  Diff:
@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@
-<gloss>Tokaido (name of Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss>
+<gloss>Tokaido (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1568290 Active (id: 2355039)
[rK]
くさびクサビ (nokanji)
1. [n]
▶ wedge
▶ chock
▶ linchpin
▶ lynchpin
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2561910 楔子【けっし】 1. wedge; lynchpin; cotter
2. [n]
▶ tie
▶ bond



History:
6. A 2025-12-22 21:52:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+<re_nokanji/>
5. A* 2025-12-12 23:13:52  parfait8
  Comments:
楔形 is more of a compound term (with a separate jmdict entry) and those results would justify a [uk] tag
クサビ gets a lot of hits on higher count searches like Xを (and in general on google), i don't think it should be hidden
4. A 2025-12-12 23:06:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
楔形	5,474	34.1%	
くさび形	9,428	58.8%	
クサビ形	1,141	7.1%
  Comments:
Let's drop it.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<re_nokanji/>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -28 +26,0 @@
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
3. A* 2025-12-12 18:41:29  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 楔を   │ 15,938 │ 50.7% │
│ 轄を   │    106 │  0.3% │ add rK
│ くさびを │  8,931 │ 28.4% │
│ クサビを │  6,470 │ 20.6% │ add
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 楔となる   │ 385 │ 72.1% │
│ 轄となる   │   0 │  0.0% │
│ くさびとなる │ 106 │ 19.9% │
│ クサビとなる │  43 │  8.1% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 楔を打ち   │ 419 │ 55.6% │
│ 轄を打ち   │   0 │  0.0% │
│ くさびを打ち │ 184 │ 24.4% │
│ クサビを打ち │ 150 │ 19.9% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
  Comments:
i'm not sure this is [uk]
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>クサビ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
2. A 2012-03-15 21:56:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1581030 Active (id: 2355104)
千代 [news1,nf11] 千世
ちよ [news1,nf11]
1. [n] [poet]
▶ thousand years
▶ thousand generations
▶ thousand ages
▶ eternity



History:
8. A 2025-12-23 20:11:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
7. A* 2025-12-22 23:52:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think it's necessary. It could also imply that the other glosses are being used literally.
  Diff:
@@ -23 +23 @@
-<gloss g_type="fig">eternity</gloss>
+<gloss>eternity</gloss>
6. A* 2025-12-22 20:58:33  Sombrero1
  Comments:
I thought about that too, looks better now. Only shinsen has two senses.
Could probably use [fig] gloss type for "eternity"?
  Diff:
@@ -23 +23 @@
-<gloss>eternity</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="fig">eternity</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-22 20:45:08  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
smk:〔雅〕千年。非常に長い年月。
  Comments:
The kokugos only have one sense. I don't think it literally means "one thousand years" in actual usage.
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<misc>&poet;</misc>
@@ -20,4 +21,2 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&poet;</misc>
+<gloss>thousand generations</gloss>
+<gloss>thousand ages</gloss>
@@ -25 +23,0 @@
-<gloss>forever</gloss>
4. A 2025-12-22 20:20:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1606840 Active (id: 2354971)
割り勘 [spec2,news2,nf41] 割勘
わりかん [spec2,news2,nf41] ワリカン (nokanji)
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ splitting the cost
▶ splitting the bill
▶ Dutch treat
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1207850 割り前勘定 1. each paying for his own account; sharing the expenses; Dutch treat
  ⇐ see: 2537110 ダッチアカウント 1. splitting the bill



History:
4. A 2025-12-22 08:14:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-22 08:03:28  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 割り勘  │ 128,739 │ 76.3% │
│ 割勘   │  11,338 │  6.7% │
│ ワリカン │  28,640 │ 17.0% │ add (sankoku)
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ワリカン</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
2. A 2023-01-08 21:14:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-08 13:08:30  Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ウィズダム英和辞典 / ウィズダム和英辞典
  Comments:
added definition
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<gloss>splitting the bill</gloss>

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jmdict 1701330 Active (id: 2354967)
署名捺印
しょめいなついん
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ adding one's signature and seal (to a document)
▶ signing and sealing

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-12-22 05:44:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 01:35:42  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog
署名捺印	        33,375		
署名捺印し	11,804
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>sign and seal</gloss>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<gloss>adding one's signature and seal (to a document)</gloss>
+<gloss>signing and sealing</gloss>

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jmdict 1711930 Active (id: 2355009)
野次馬 [ateji] 弥次馬 [ateji,rK] やじ馬 [sK] ヤジ馬 [sK]
やじうまヤジうま [sk] ヤジウマ [sk]
1. [n]
▶ curious onlookers
▶ rubbernecks



History:
6. A 2025-12-22 16:28:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think this needs a derog tag.
  Diff:
@@ -34 +33,0 @@
-<misc>&derog;</misc>
5. A* 2025-12-22 12:19:41  parfait8
  Refs:
ヤジウマ	6,178
  Diff:
@@ -25,0 +26,4 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ヤジウマ</reb>
4. A 2024-12-06 21:39:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
We originally had it as [vulg] then in 2007 someone changed it to [sens]. I like [derog] for it.
  Diff:
@@ -30 +30 @@
-<misc>&sens;</misc>
+<misc>&derog;</misc>
3. A* 2024-10-27 02:19:44  parfait8
  Refs:
smk

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 野次馬  │ 161,675 │ 54.5% │
│ やじ馬  │   9,002 │  3.0% │ add sK
│ ヤジ馬  │   5,100 │  1.7% │ add sK
│ 弥次馬  │     699 │  0.2% │ add rK
│ やじうま │ 119,773 │ 40.4% │
│ ヤジうま │     383 │  0.1% │ add sk
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
is this actually [sens]? i don't see anything to suggest so in kokugos and it feels like [derog] at best
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,6 @@
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>弥次馬</keb>
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -8,0 +15 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,3 +19 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>弥次馬</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18,3 +22,0 @@
-<re_restr>野次馬</re_restr>
-<re_restr>やじ馬</re_restr>
-<re_restr>弥次馬</re_restr>
@@ -24 +26 @@
-<re_restr>ヤジ馬</re_restr>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2. A 2017-02-04 00:34:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1725190 Active (id: 2354951)
晩成
ばんせい
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ late completion
▶ succeeding later in life
▶ being a late bloomer

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-12-22 03:53:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-21 22:34:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, meikyo
晩成	39,216		
大器晩成	40,898
  Comments:
Doesn't refer to a person.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +13,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -16 +15,2 @@
-<gloss>a late bloomer</gloss>
+<gloss>succeeding later in life</gloss>
+<gloss>being a late bloomer</gloss>
2. A 2022-01-22 01:33:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Correct POS order
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -14 +14,0 @@
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
1. A 2021-11-18 01:25:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1815170 Active (id: 2355050)
接合子
せつごうし
1. [n] {biology}
▶ zygote
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868489 接合体 1. zygote



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:36:05  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868489">接合体</xref>
1. A 2021-12-27 00:11:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&biol;</field>

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jmdict 1963530 Active (id: 2355052)
グラニュー糖グラニュ糖 [sK]
グラニューとう
1. [n]
▶ granulated sugar



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:38:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 22:29:04 
  Refs:
グラニュー糖	183506	98.7%
グラニュ糖	2445	1.3%

saw on bag of sugar
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>グラニュ糖</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1964000 Active (id: 2354940)
コペルニクス的転回
コペルニクスてきてんかい
1. [n] [hist]
▶ Copernican Revolution



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 00:49:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-21 21:38:24  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/コペルニクス的転回

wiki
  Comments:
Usually capitalized, adding tag
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>Copernican revolution</gloss>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>Copernican Revolution</gloss>

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jmdict 1992370 Active (id: 2354966)
顧客ベース
こきゃくベースこかくベース
1. [n]
▶ customer base



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 05:42:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 03:53:01 
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>こきゃくベース</reb>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 2068970 Active (id: 2355022)
いじめられっ子苛められっ子 [rK] 虐められっ子 [rK] イジメられっ子 [sK]
いじめられっこ
1. [n]
▶ bullied child
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1195130 いじめっ子 1. bully



History:
6. A 2025-12-22 20:14:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-22 11:53:37  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
jitsuyou:
「いじめっ子」に対比される表現。
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1195130">いじめっ子</xref>
4. A 2023-08-31 16:46:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
If 苛められっ子 is rK, I think 虐められっ子 should be as well. イジメられっ子 can be hidden.
  Diff:
@@ -6,3 +5,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>イジメられっ子</keb>
@@ -15,0 +13,4 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>イジメられっ子</keb>
3. A 2023-08-30 21:06:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-08-30 20:28:06  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
〈いじめ/イジメ/苛め/虐め〉〈られっ/ラレッ〉〈子/こ/コ〉

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ いじめられっ子 │ 86,291 │ 63.1% │
│ イジメられっ子 │ 10,251 │  7.5% │ - add
│ 虐められっ子  │  3,017 │  2.2% │ - add, sK
│ 苛められっ子  │  2,703 │  2.0% │ - rK
│ 虐められっこ  │    583 │  0.4% │
│ イジメラレッ子 │    405 │  0.3% │
│ 苛められっこ  │    385 │  0.3% │
│ 苛められっコ  │     25 │  0.0% │
│ いじめられっこ │ 30,338 │ 22.2% │
│ イジメられっこ │  1,843 │  1.3% │
│ イジメラレッコ │    671 │  0.5% │
│ いじめられっコ │    123 │  0.1% │
│ イジメられっコ │    104 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<keb>イジメられっ子</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>虐められっ子</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2100600 Active (id: 2355163)
尾ける追ける尾行る
つける
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to follow (someone)
▶ to shadow
▶ to tail
▶ to stalk
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1495770 付ける 9. to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2025-12-24 07:46:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-12-22 21:04:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
meikyo: 表記「追ける」「〈尾行〉る」「尾ける」などとも当てるが、かな書きが多い。
尾ける	608		
尾けて	1,897		
尾けた	1,039	
---	
追ける	49		
追けて	108		
追けた	0	
---	
尾行る	61		
尾行て	159		
尾行た	0
  Comments:
We sometimes split out certain kanji forms into separate entries if the word has many senses.
I'm OK with keeping this. We could add an "also written as" note to the 付ける entry but I'm not sure it's necessary given that none of these forms are common.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,6 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>追ける</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>尾行る</keb>
6. A* 2025-12-22 12:52:10  parfait8
  Comments:
shouldn't this be merged in 付ける as [sK] with a note for sense 9?
5. A 2022-09-09 23:42:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2022-09-09 21:27:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The note implied that 尾ける and 付ける are separate words. I think it should be dropped.
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13,4 @@
-<s_inf>from 尾行する and 付ける</s_inf>
-<gloss>to put a tail on someone</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1495770">付ける・9</xref>
+<gloss>to follow (someone)</gloss>
+<gloss>to shadow</gloss>
+<gloss>to tail</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2127710 Active (id: 2355026)
ダメ元駄目元駄目もと [sK] だめ元 [sK]
ダメもと (nokanji)だめもとダメモト [sk]
1. [n] [uk,abbr,col]
▶ giving something a try because it will not do any harm
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2127720 駄目で元々 1. giving something a try because it will not do any harm



History:
11. A 2025-12-22 20:22:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2025-12-22 13:12:12  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ ダメ元  │  89,870 │ 24.5% │ move up
│ 駄目もと │  28,644 │  7.8% │ add sK
│ 駄目元  │  23,836 │  6.5% │
│ だめ元  │   3,702 │  1.0% │ add
│ ダメもと │ 117,168 │ 31.9% │ move up
│ だめもと │  61,174 │ 16.6% │
│ ダメモト │  43,034 │ 11.7% │ add
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
re-ordered tags (assuming [uk] > [abbr] > [col] is the correct order)
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ダメ元</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11 +15,2 @@
-<keb>ダメ元</keb>
+<keb>だめ元</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,3 +19,2 @@
-<reb>だめもと</reb>
-<re_restr>駄目元</re_restr>
-<re_restr>駄目もと</re_restr>
+<reb>ダメもと</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
@@ -19,2 +23,5 @@
-<reb>ダメもと</reb>
-<re_restr>ダメ元</re_restr>
+<reb>だめもと</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ダメモト</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -24,0 +32,2 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
@@ -26,2 +34,0 @@
-<misc>&abbr;</misc>
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
9. A 2020-07-15 21:35:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Yes, better. I'll align 駄目で元々.
  Diff:
@@ -28 +28 @@
-<gloss>giving something a try because one has nothing to lose</gloss>
+<gloss>giving something a try because it will not do any harm</gloss>
8. A* 2020-07-15 14:48:51 
  Refs:
Progressive Waei
  Comments:
If it read "because it doesn't hurt anything" it might be more accurate

https://youtu.be/ZifEUSonMxQ?t=806
The teacher in the above video defines it as 多分無理だけど (ちょっとやってみる)
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>駄目もと</keb>
@@ -12,0 +16 @@
+<re_restr>駄目もと</re_restr>
7. A 2018-01-31 05:37:44  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 2195910 Active (id: 2354965)
顧客志向顧客指向 [iK]
こきゃくしこうこかくしこう
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ customer-orientation
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2195920 消費者志向【しょうひしゃしこう】 1. consumer-orientation



History:
5. A 2025-12-22 05:42:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-22 03:53:27 
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>こきゃくしこう</reb>
+</r_ele>
3. A 2016-04-26 00:30:06  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2016-04-24 01:27:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1220092692   G n-grams:
顧客指向	4313
顧客志向	39699
  Comments:
顧客志向 is the correct term. Although 顧客指向 literally means "customer oriented", it's more about physically pointing something at a customer. Hence the proposed "iK". (The Chiebukuro article goes into this.)
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>顧客指向</keb>
+<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
1. A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2195930 Active (id: 2354964)
顧客満足 [spec1]
こきゃくまんぞくこかくまんぞく [spec1]
1. [n]
▶ customer satisfaction
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868026 CS【シー・エス】 3. customer satisfaction



History:
3. A 2025-12-22 05:41:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-22 03:54:31 
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+<reb>こきゃくまんぞく</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -11,3 +13,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>こきゃくまんぞく</reb>
1. A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2233410 Active (id: 2355016)
ホモ接合体
ホモせつごうたい
1. [n] {genetics}
▶ homozygote
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868490 同型接合体【どうけいせつごうたい】 1. homozygote
  ⇐ see: 1122700 ホモ 3. homozygote



History:
4. A 2025-12-22 20:06:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Could be both.
3. A* 2025-12-22 14:31:57  Sombrero1
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<field>&biol;</field>
+<field>&genet;</field>
2. A* 2025-12-22 14:29:44  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ ホモ接合体 │ 1,956 │ 91.1% │This
│ 同型接合体 │   191 │  8.9% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
最新医学大辞典 第2版, Nanzando
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&biol;</field>
1. A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2233420 Active (id: 2355060)
ヘテロ接合体
ヘテロせつごうたい
1. [n] {genetics}
▶ heterozygote
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2233430 異型接合体【いけいせつごうたい】 1. heterozygote
  ⇐ see: 1118530 ヘテロ 3. heterozygote



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 23:17:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&genet;</field>
1. A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2233430 Active (id: 2355075)
異型接合体
いけいせつごうたい
1. [n] {genetics}
▶ heterozygote
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2233420 ヘテロ接合体 1. heterozygote



History:
3. A 2025-12-23 04:41:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-22 23:19:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
異型接合体	115		
ヘテロ接合体	1,930
  Comments:
I don't think it needs a rare tag. Daijr has it.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<field>&genet;</field>
1. A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2701980 Active (id: 2355040)
素っ破透っ波素破 [sK] 透波 [sK]
すっぱ
1. [n] [arch]
▶ spy (working under a samurai in the Warring States period)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2826725 乱波【らっぱ】 2. spy
2. [n] [arch]
▶ thief
3. [n] [arch]
▶ lie
▶ liar



History:
4. A 2025-12-22 21:53:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-22 21:16:11  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, koj
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,4 @@
+<keb>素破</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +16 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18 +22,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref>
@@ -20 +24 @@
-<gloss>spy</gloss>
+<gloss>spy (working under a samurai in the Warring States period)</gloss>
@@ -29,0 +34 @@
+<gloss>lie</gloss>
2. A 2012-04-15 23:48:24  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -19,1 +19,1 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1397170">すっぱ抜く・すっぱぬく</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref>
1. A* 2012-04-12 05:18:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Koj, Daijr

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2711060 Active (id: 2354962)
対象顧客層
たいしょうこきゃくそうたいしょうこかくそう
1. [n]
▶ target demographic
▶ target audience
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2711250 顧客層 1. customer base; constituency; customer segment; patron base; clientele



History:
7. A 2025-12-22 05:37:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-12-22 03:54:15 
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>たいしょうこきゃくそう</reb>
+</r_ele>
5. A 2021-07-15 10:18:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2711250">顧客層・こかくそう</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2711250">顧客層</xref>
4. A 2021-07-13 10:29:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Good question.
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>たいしょうこきゃくそう</reb>
+<reb>たいしょうこかくそう</reb>
3. A* 2021-07-13 07:17:26  dine
  Comments:
Why is 顧客層 read こきゃくそう here but こかくそう at 2711250?
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2711250 Active (id: 2354961)
顧客層
こきゃくそうこかくそう
1. [n]
▶ customer base
▶ constituency
▶ customer segment
▶ patron base
▶ clientele
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2711060 対象顧客層【たいしょうこきゃくそう】 1. target demographic; target audience



History:
4. A 2025-12-22 05:35:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-22 03:53:15 
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>こきゃくそう</reb>
+</r_ele>
2. A 2012-05-11 22:48:48  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-05-11 07:34:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, Eijiro

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2802230 Active (id: 2355010)
蒴藋 [rK]
ソクズ (nokanji)そくず
1. [n] [uk]
▶ Sambucus chinensis (species of elderberry)



History:
4. A 2025-12-22 16:31:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-22 13:17:36  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 蒴藋  │   0 │  0.0% │ add rK
│ そくず │ 117 │ 20.4% │
│ ソクズ │ 456 │ 79.6% │ move up (google results)
╰─ーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -7,3 +7,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>そくず</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -12,0 +11,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>そくず</reb>
2. A 2013-10-16 17:50:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2013-10-16 06:05:30  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, wiki

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2829645 Active pending (parent: 2354829) (id: 2354976)

1. [aux-v]
《after the -nai stem of a verb and for サ変 as せ~ず (all senses); continuative form of ぬ》
▶ (does) not ..., and
▶ (does) not ..., so
▶ not (doing)
▶ without (doing)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2441300 ぬ 1. not
  ⇒ see: 2576210 ずに 1. without doing
2. [aux-v] [arch]
▶ not
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2257550 ない 1. not



History:
29. A* 2025-12-22 10:52:16  Non
  Comments:
PoS tags aside, I still would like the usage note reverted to its prior version, with the ~ after せ and サ変 instead of する.
Since the argumentation for that is now buried under a few walls of text, I will quote it here for reading convenience:

『サ変 was chosen over suru-class or something of the sort as it is mildly shorter and refers to the conjugation class as a whole rather than する singularly.
While す・する and サ変 are largely synonymous since the former and its compounds very likely account for 99.9% of the conjugation class, there are very few verbs that occupy that 0.1% position wherein they have the suru-class paradigm, despite having no connection to the actual suru.
Off the top of my head I can recall 御座す(おはす), 坐す(います) and まらする;the former probably began as a either a 二段 or 四段 from 座す(わす) while the latter two were originally 四段 and 二段 respectively, and only later became サ変』
(Shamelessly adding to the above, "サ変" also explicitly includes the classical す while just "する" does not; which in hindsight is far more important than the obscure verbs I dug up)
『As for the tilde, it is there to separate the stem from the suffix... Is it strictly necessary? Probably not. But personal experience tells me that if something can be interpreted wrongly, it will. And so I reckon there will be at least one person who will read "after the -nai stem of a verb and as せず for する" as ず sprouting a せ in front of it and then attaching to する as しせず』
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<s_inf>after the -nai stem of a verb and as せず for する (all senses); continuative form of ぬ</s_inf>
+<s_inf>after the -nai stem of a verb and for サ変 as せ~ず (all senses); continuative form of ぬ</s_inf>
28. A* 2025-12-20 10:05:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
27. A 2025-12-20 10:04:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think I'll pin this version (mainly to reduce the queue), then reopen for a while.
I'm still uncertain about [aux-v] cf [aux].
26. A* 2025-12-15 09:21:47  Sombrero1
  Comments:
>Jokes aside, you can take that approach - but this is entirely a matter of philosophy wherein ぬ is regarded as the flexible original and all other forms as immutable variants.
As a rule, dictionary forms are chosen primarily by pragmatism and not by any morphological criteria i.e. ぬ and ず are both inflections of the same lexeme, which we call ぬ by convention - but that does not mean that ぬ turns into ず or vice-versa, or that they do not.
You *can* posit that only ぬ inflects, but it is very hard to actually prove it.

That's a good argument. I hadn't really thought in that direction, and I doubt I could prove that.
I think I'll concede here.

I have also read the rest of your reply, but I'll refrain from engaging in further discussion on those topics.
Since it's a somewhat off-topic discussion (which I know I have started). 
I'll keep it in my head as food for thought.
25. A* 2025-12-13 06:54:06  Non
  Refs:
Daijirin, Shinmeikai.
Daijirin entry for ず*:
『(助動)
1 現代語の打ち消しの助動詞「ぬ」の連用形。→ぬ(助動)
2 ず(ざら)・ず(ざり)・ず・ぬ(ざる)・ね(ざれ)・ざれ
古語の打ち消しの助動詞。用言およびある種の助動詞の未然形に接続する。打ち消しの意を表す。ない。ぬ。』
The(助動)at the top applies to the entire entry.
*The numbers are mine; the numerals used by Daijirin for its senses are images and cannot be copied so I had to replace them.
  Comments:
"My idea was that sense one is not something that inflects, it's the 連用形 of ぬ *singled out* to have its separate sense. 
Thus it does not inflect, and is basically used as a 未然形-bound 接続助詞."
ずに, ずんば and entirety of the ざり paradigm found dead in the streets of the 平安 period.
Jokes aside, you can take that approach - but this is entirely a matter of philosophy wherein ぬ is regarded as the flexible original and all other forms as immutable variants.
As a rule, dictionary forms are chosen primarily by pragmatism and not by any morphological criteria i.e. ぬ and ず are both inflections of the same lexeme, which we call ぬ by convention - but that does not mean that ぬ turns into ず or vice-versa, or that they do not.
You *can* posit that only ぬ inflects, but it is very hard to actually prove it.

"The kokugos that perform this same split do not assign a PoS tag to the 連用形 ず sense."
Well, the kokugos do not have the constraint that they need a PoS tag or else they get a syntax error.
In any case, Daijirin and Shinmeikai have both senses under 助動詞; since we need a tag I still think [aux-v] is best.

"And I do remember seeing that style of note in another entry (it might have been Non there too, I don't quite recall)"
I do think the only instances of a ~ between a stem and suffix are the ones I edited (and I think they are all the せ~ 未然形 + suffix, courtesy of "-nai stem") but the practice of prefixing a ~ to suffixes, etc. in notes predates me by several years. 
I first used the intermediary ~ in either the (ら)れる or (さ)せる entry, which already had a ~ before I added the stem.  

"This perhaps isn't very relevant to the ず discussion in particular, but I was under the assumption that there is syntactical difference between these two. Is there not?"
That depends on the level of morphosyntactical analysis and the school of thought/philosophy being employed to execute it, as they define where we want our morpheme boundaries to be and how the syntax trees are structured.
If we define our boundaries to be something relatively simple such as semantic content and grammatical function, both are identical in that they consist of a base content verb + a suffix adding grammatical information: 
せぬ = se-nu = do-NEG.NPS
している = shite-iru = do-CONT.NPS 
The morphological structure may then be reflected in the syntax tree (since the stems せ and し, as well as て, have neither semantic content nor overt grammatical function in their current use, they are ignored by this analysis).

Finer levels may take every single root, meaningless stem and particle, or even concepts not overtly realised into their glosses:
せぬ = s-e-n-u-∅ = do-LK-NEG-NPS-PRED 
している = s-i-て-i-る-∅ = do-LK-PTCL-CONT-NPS-PRED
At this point they are no longer identical, but the very categories of 助動詞 and 補助動詞 are no longer consistent within themselves either (if they ever were to begin with).
The truth is that conventional grammatical categories are a compromise between accuracy and practicity: are 助動詞 and 補助動詞 the same? At a certain degree of compromise, yes; at another, no. And as you play around with the north of your compass, they may grow as far apart from themselves as they do from each other. 

CONT=Continuous aspect
LK= Interfix, here the stem's vowel.
NEG=Negative
NPS=Non-past
PTCL=Particle
PRED=Predicative
(show/hide 24 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2833522 Active (id: 2355027)
脈なし脈無し脈ナシ [sK]
みゃくなし
1. [n] [sl]
▶ just friends
▶ no romantic interest
▶ [lit] no pulse
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2833599 脈無し病 1. pulseless disease
  ⇐ ant: 2848462 脈あり【みゃくあり】 1. having a romantic interest; having a chance (of being hired, etc.); having a pulse
  ⇐ see: 2868486 脈ゼロ【みゃくゼロ】 1. just friends; no romantic interest; zero pulse



History:
7. A 2025-12-22 20:25:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
6. A* 2025-12-22 12:44:29  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 脈なし │ 9,402 │ 64.8% │
│ 脈無し │ 3,115 │ 21.5% │
│ 脈ナシ │ 2,000 │ 13.8% │ add
╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Comments:
i don't think the x-ref makes sense either
also since not in official refs [sl] seems more appropriate
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>脈ナシ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -16 +20 @@
-<misc>&col;</misc>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
5. A 2025-09-04 13:28:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
脈なし	9402	75.1%
脈無し	3115	24.9%
  Comments:
A bit too common for sK. I think that xref is OK.
  Diff:
@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,0 +15 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2833599">脈無し病</xref>
4. A* 2025-09-04 11:37:21 
  Comments:
the xref doesn't make sense
  Diff:
@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2833599">脈無し病</xref>
3. A* 2025-09-04 11:36:30 
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2868242 Active (id: 2355126)
お呉れ [rK]
おくれ
1. [exp] [uk,dated]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ please do (for me)



History:
5. A 2025-12-23 23:45:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think [dated] is sufficient. "used as role language" applies to dated language as a whole.
4. A* 2025-12-23 10:05:51  Sombrero1
  Refs:
*Nikkoku:
お‐く・れる 【御呉】
〔他ラ下一〕
(「お」は接頭語)
(1)(話し手にものを)与えるの意の尊敬語。「おくれ」の形で用いて、与えてくれることを望む意にいう。

(2)(動詞の連用形に「て」を添えた形に付いて、補助動詞として用いる)ある事柄をしてくれるの意にいう。多く「…ておくれ」の形で用い、願望の気持を表わす。

 歌舞伎・幼稚子敵討〔1753〕二「真実聞てをくれるか。コレ、聞てをくれるなら、御誓言でちょっと承り度ふござります」
 滑稽本・浮世風呂〔1809〜13〕前・上「おぢさんが折角うめてお呉(クレ)だは」


*https://sucra.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/19927/files/KY-AA11946779-20-05.pdf
”本稿の考察対象である「~ておくれ」とは,動詞等のテ形に接頭辞「お」,
そして「くれる」の連用形が後接したものである”

”2 つ目は,現代小説の会話文における,「~ておくれ」を用いる人物の特徴に
ついての分析である.以下の 5 つの特徴を挙げている.
 a.老年男性
 b.中年以上の女性
 c.田舎の人物
 d.江戸時代の人物
 e.平安時代・戦国時代の人物 
(森 2018:262,項目名のみ抜粋)”

Main conclusion points of the paper (I didn't read all 21 pages):
"①主に創作物のセリフなどにおいて役割語的に(キャラクター演出・時代
演出に)用いる行為指示表現.また,特別な表現効果を狙って用いる自
己演出のための行為指示表現.
 ②主に書き言葉(打ちことば)で当為や願望,祈願を表す表現."


*https://ja.hinative.com/questions/4073981

Answer 1
[...]
"しておくれ"は丁寧なお願いです。特に文学作品で老人によく使われてますが、若い人は口語では使わないです。
[...]
Answer 2
〜してくれ=してください のていねいじゃない言い方。命令のよう。 〜しておくれ=〜してください と同じ意味だが、古い言い方。時代劇や昔話で使われる。

*
There are a staggering 746 results for the sequence{て}{お〘語彙素=御〙}{〘語彙素=呉れる〙}in the CHJ (Corpus of historial Japanese), and a respectable 268 in the BCCWJ. 
But throughout all 話し言葉 corpora there is but one hit.


.
  Comments:
Can't have an xref since we don't have an entry for お呉れる.
I think I've heard it maybe once or twice somewhere, I can't recall exactly where but I think it was in an anime.
[dated] seems reasonable.

Maybe having a note like [note="primarily used in written language or as role language"] would be helpful (We have an entry for 役割語).
Also thought about a [form] tag, but that may not be wholly appropriate.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref>
3. A* 2025-12-22 22:44:02 
  Comments:
"for one" makes no sense

surely this is dated? I have seen it in a Taisho period manga but nowhere else
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1269130">呉れる・3</xref>
+<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref>
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<misc>&fam;</misc>
+<misc>&dated;</misc>
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>please do (for one)</gloss>
+<gloss>please do (for me)</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-04 07:02:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've indexed 4 sentences.
1. A* 2025-12-02 03:03:13  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Just some examples for magnitude:
しておくれ	81229
やっておくれ	9083
見ておくれ	8016
見せておくれ	7017

*possibly* derived from おくれなさい, but that's incidental. Unlike おいで, *not* [abbr]
おくれなさい	287	
しておくれなさい	23


してお呉れ	143	86.7%
やってお呉れ	0	0.0%
見せてお呉れ	0	0.0%
見てお呉れ	22	13.3%


見せておくれ とはどういう意味ですか?
https://ja.hinative.com/questions/16922878
見せてください。
ただし、私たちは日常会話では「見せておくれ」を使用しません。

Grammar detail: ておくれ
https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/ておくれ
〜ておくれ is sometimes encountered as an imperative form of a verb. Its similarity to several other constructions can be confusing: is it something to do with ておく? Is it connected with 遅れる (to be late)? Is it a kana form of the set expression 手遅れ (be too late)? Is it a mistyped version of 手をくれ?
In fact, it is none of these - it is a 'softened' form of the てくれる form, used as an imperative. The 〜てくれる form is used to indicate receiving something, so the imperative form 〜てくれ effectively means 'give me ~' or 'do ~ for me'. However, since that sounds somewhat abrupt, the お is used in a similar way as the honorific お in おみせ 店 to 'soften' the sound a little and make it a little less harsh.
  Comments:
The structure of this entry mirrors お出で[2], and I think the grammar is related. Also matches およし a little bit, but this entry is far more useful.

Encountered in a folk talk. "(please) Kindly take care of the kids (for me)".
子供を可愛がってやっておくれ

I wouldn't suggest if this was general grammar, but this seems like a relatively special/fossilized usage of the verb 呉れる in particular.  As noted in the refs, confusion over encountering おくれ is a common experience. Would be helpful if a search for "おくれ" turned up something definitive.

Japanese teacher says well-understood, old-timey feel. Maybe her grandparents might have used it. Ref notes:
"〜ておくれ can sound a bit emotional, tender, or even desperate, depending on the context."
"Outside of literature, drama, or songs, hearing someone use おくれ in everyday conversation would feel old-fashioned. "

That said, it seems used a lot on twitter, perhaps playfully. Several hits *per hour*. Don't know if it's a revival from mass-media, or if it never went away.
https://x.com/search?q="見せておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live
https://x.com/search?q="やっておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live

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jmdict 2868474 Active (id: 2354955)
歯の根が合わない
はのねがあわない
1. [exp,adj-i]
▶ shivering with cold or fear

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-12-22 04:14:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
歯の根が合わない	1280
歯の根が合わなく	286	  
歯の根が合わず	200
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>to shiver with cold or fear</gloss>
+<gloss>shivering with cold or fear</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-21 18:36:41  buryoutougen
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/歯の根が合わない-597794#w-597794
  Comments:
There might be a better way to phrase the definition.

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jmdict 2868476 Active (id: 2354954)
遅れを取り戻すおくれを取り戻す [sK] 遅れをとりもどす [sK] 後れを取り戻す [sK]
おくれをとりもどす
1. [exp,v5s]
▶ to make up for lost time
▶ to make up for a delay
▶ to catch up (on)

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-12-22 03:56:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-21 23:44:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, wisdom
遅れを取り戻す	25,285	94.6%	
おくれを取り戻す	692	2.6%	
遅れをとりもどす	380	1.4%	
後れを取り戻す	164	0.6%	
遅れを取戻す	127	0.5%	
遅れを取りもどす	74	0.3%

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jmdict 2868477 Active (id: 2354958)
署名者
しょめいしゃ
1. [n]
▶ signer
▶ signatory



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 05:28:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 01:21:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, luminous, RP

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2868478 Active (id: 2354957)
署名本
しょめいぼん
1. [n]
▶ signed book
▶ autographed book
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2827618 サイン本 1. signed book; autographed book



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 05:28:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 01:24:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog
署名本	11,504		
サイン本	68,722

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jmdict 2868479 Active (id: 2354963)
商標法
しょうひょうほう
1. [n] {law}
▶ Trademark Act



History:
3. A 2025-12-22 05:40:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-22 05:30:01 
  Refs:
I see we did this for 会社法:

[1][n][fld=law]
  corporate law; company law
[2][n][fld=law]
  Companies Act
1. A* 2025-12-22 05:29:19  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
商標法	83499
nikk daijs etc.

https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/ja/laws/view/45
  Comments:
but could also generally be "trademark law" I guess.

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jmdict 2868480 Active (id: 2355152)
電子ジャー
でんしジャー
1. [n]
▶ (electric) rice warmer
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1064920 ジャー 1. container for keeping food or drink warm; (wide-mouthed) thermos; (rice) warmer



History:
4. A 2025-12-24 05:22:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-23 00:44:26  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think it's slang. The online refs don't describe it as slang.
We haven't tagged 炊飯ジャー (which is in GG5) as [sl].
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
2. A 2025-12-22 22:49:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 08:17:01  parfait8
  Refs:
pixiv, jitsuyo

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────╮
│ 電子ジャー │ 11,431 │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────╯

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jmdict 2868481 Active (id: 2355059)
屍鬼
しき
1. [n] {Buddhism}
▶ vetala
▶ corpse demon
▶ corpse ghost
▶ ghoul



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:57:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Buddhdic, RP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetala
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>corspe demon</gloss>
+<field>&Buddh;</field>
+<gloss>vetala</gloss>
+<gloss>corpse demon</gloss>
+<gloss>corpse ghost</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-22 11:38:29  parfait8
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/屍鬼-1329088#w-1329088:~:text=世界大百科事典(旧版)内の屍鬼の言及

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬────────╮
│ 屍鬼 │ 19,673 │
╰─ーー─┴────────╯
  Comments:
originally buddhist term that became very popular in connection to the horror novel/anime adaption but also used independently

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jmdict 2868482 Active (id: 2355037)
栗羊羹
くりようかん
1. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ chestnut yōkan
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1546540 羊羹 1. yōkan; jellied dessert made from red bean paste, agar, and sugar



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 21:49:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
中辞典, etc.
1. A* 2025-12-22 11:50:26  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, meikyo, etc.

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jmdict 2868483 Active (id: 2355031)
さらし餡晒し餡 [rK] 晒しあん [sK] 晒餡 [sK]
さらしあん
1. [n] [uk] {food, cooking}
▶ powdered bean paste
▶ dried bean paste
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1610575 【あん】 1. red bean paste; red bean jam; anko



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 20:38:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 11:59:40  parfait8
  Refs:
sankoku, daijr/s, gg5, meikyo, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ さらし餡  │ 1,686 │ 36.1% │
│ 晒し餡   │   192 │  4.1% │ i pretty much see only さらしあん or さらし餡 used, rK seems justified
│ 晒しあん  │    36 │  0.8% │
│ 晒餡    │     0 │  0.0% │
│ さらしあん │ 2,752 │ 59.0% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868484 Active (id: 2355057)
栗あん栗餡くり餡 [sK]
くりあん
1. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ chestnut white bean paste
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2626030 白あん 1. white bean jam; sweet white bean paste
2. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ chestnut red bean paste
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1610575 【あん】 1. red bean paste; red bean jam; anko



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:51:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 12:05:40  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, gg5, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 栗あん  │ 14,233 │ 54.0% │
│ 栗餡   │  9,848 │ 37.4% │
│ くり餡  │     74 │  0.3% │
│ くりあん │  2,209 │  8.4% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868485 Active (id: 2355021)
豆大福
まめだいふく
1. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ bean daifuku
▶ mame daifuku
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1623450 大福 2. rice cake stuffed with bean jam



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 20:13:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD
1. A* 2025-12-22 12:09:35  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, koj, etc.

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jmdict 2868486 Active (id: 2355051)
脈ゼロ
みゃくゼロ
1. [n] [sl]
▶ just friends
▶ no romantic interest
▶ [lit] zero pulse
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2833522 脈なし 1. just friends; no romantic interest; no pulse



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:36:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not very common.
1. A* 2025-12-22 12:47:48  parfait8
  Refs:
google results e.g.
https://news.mynavi.jp/article/teachingpractice-26/
https://honkaku-uranai.jp/cp_zap/anzai_zap/input/az0201a.html

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jmdict 2868487 Active (id: 2355058)
移籍ウィンドウ移籍ウインドウ [sK]
いせきウィンドウ
1. [n] {sports}
▶ transfer window (in soccer)



History:
3. A 2025-12-22 22:53:55  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_window
  Comments:
Specifically in soccer.
I don't think the x-ref is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1158330">移籍・2</xref>
@@ -18,2 +17 @@
-<gloss>transfer window</gloss>
-<gloss>specific period in which player transfers are permitted</gloss>
+<gloss>transfer window (in soccer)</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-22 22:30:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
移籍ウィンドウ	23
移籍ウインドウ	0
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<keb>移籍ウィンドウ</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -8 +12 @@
-<reb>いせきウインドウ</reb>
+<reb>いせきウィンドウ</reb>
@@ -11,0 +16 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1158330">移籍・2</xref>
1. A* 2025-12-22 14:15:09 
  Refs:
https://www.football7society.com/transfer-window-guide/

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jmdict 2868488 Active (id: 2355046)
殿部隊
しんがりぶたい
1. [n]
▶ rear guard
▶ rear guard unit
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1442540 殿軍 1. rear guard



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:25:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, 殿+部隊 not 殿部+隊.
1. A* 2025-12-22 14:15:39  parfait8
  Refs:
description in https://www.cmoa.jp/title/270467
https://serai.jp/hobby/1122970
  Comments:
A+B but useful to avoid accidentally looking up 殿部/でんぶ
redundant but seems still used (esp. in anime, movies, etc.) as しんがり by itself is not exactly ubiquitous

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jmdict 2868489 Active (id: 2355014)
接合体
せつごうたい
1. [n] {biology}
▶ zygote
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1815170 接合子【せつごうし】 1. zygote



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 20:04:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
1. A* 2025-12-22 14:27:54  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 接合体 │ 10,834 │ 87.1% │最新医学大辞典 第2版, Daijs, Daijr, Luminous
│ 接合子 │  1,603 │ 12.9% │We have this
╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868490 Active (id: 2355015)
同型接合体
どうけいせつごうたい
1. [n] {genetics}
▶ homozygote
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2233410 ホモ接合体 1. homozygote



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 20:06:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 14:31:46  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ ホモ接合体 │ 1,956 │ 91.1% │We have this
│ 同型接合体 │   191 │  8.9% │This; 最新医学大辞典 第2版, Nanzando, 岩波 生物学辞典 第4版
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868491 Active (id: 2355042)
詐話師
さわし
1. [n]
▶ con artist
▶ swindler who tricks victims with false narratives



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 21:54:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>con artist</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-22 14:44:23  <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
From 詐欺 page on Wikipedia: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/詐欺
詐話師(さわし)とは、作り話を主体にした詐欺師のこと。関西で「鹿追」と呼ばれる詐欺の手口が関東に伝わった際に「詐話師」と呼ばれるようになったとされる。
Out of curiosity I found 鹿追 defined here: https://shorturl.at/RV9kA
共犯者の多数を客のように見せかけインチキ賭博をさせて金を捲き上げること

Definition of 詐話 from the same source (隠語大辞典): https://www.weblio.jp/content/詐話

corpus counts
詐話	1802	  
詐話師	1355
  Comments:
I came across the word 詐話 in a novel. Character A saved character B's life, but only because they are cooperating in a life-threatening game, and the loss of B hurts A's chances of survival. A helps others for the sake of survival rather than moral or sentimental reasons, which they describe as 詐話. This description comes full circle when A later betrays and kills B without hesitation as a necessary act to survive.

I was going to submit 詐話 as an entry but I was able to find more on 詐話師, which the Wikipedia article says is used in crime novels. (Except from Wikipedia: 特定の手法ではなく「壮大な作り話をする詐欺師」の呼称として犯罪小説などで使われるようになった。)

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jmdict 2868492 Active (id: 2355357)
少年漫画少年マンガ [sK] 少年まんが [sK]
しょうねんまんが
1. [n]
▶ shōnen manga
▶ boys' comics
▶ manga aimed a younger male audience



History:
3. A 2025-12-26 23:09:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
少年マンガ	37,529		
少年まんが	4,752
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>少年マンガ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>少年まんが</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2025-12-22 20:33:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 16:11:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, jawiki, eij
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shōnen_manga
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/shonen
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/shonen
少年漫画	213,530

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jmdict 2868493 Active (id: 2355038)
期限付き移籍
きげんつきいせき
1. [n] {sports}
▶ loan deal
▶ loan of a player (to another team)



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 21:50:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>loan of a player (to another team)</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-22 17:05:14 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/期限付き移籍

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jmdict 2868494 Active (id: 2355045)
東海
トンヘとうかい
1. [n] Source lang: kor "donghae"
▶ East Sea (Korean name for the Sea of Japan)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1464470 日本海 1. Sea of Japan



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:22:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Good
1. A* 2025-12-22 20:35:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Split from 1447590.
The sens tag probably isn't needed, especially if we're leading with the Korean reading.

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jmdict 2868495 Active (id: 2355043)
変種変量生産
へんしゅへんりょうせいさん
1. [n]
▶ variable-mix variable-volume production



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 22:00:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.fa.omron.co.jp/solution/technology-trends/varietyvariableproduction/
変種変量生産	1451
  Comments:
Not obvious
1. A* 2025-12-22 21:54:35  <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://smart-factory.funaisoken.co.jp/250603/#1

https://www.smartmat.io/column/production_management/8205

https://shiozawa-k.co.jp/en/technology/terminology/variable-mix-variable-volume-production.html
  Comments:
I had to learn this term when translating manufacturing magazines

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jmnedict 5591767 Active (id: 2355153)
柏崎刈羽
かしわざきかりわ [spec1]
1. [place]
▶ Kashiwazaki Kariwa



History:
5. A 2025-12-24 05:27:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
In the news.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4. A* 2025-12-23 23:04:32 
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<misc>&company;</misc>
+<misc>&place;</misc>
3. A 2025-12-23 04:39:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-22 23:50:32 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柏崎刈羽原子力発電所
  Diff:
@@ -8,2 +8 @@
-<reb>かしさきかりわ</reb>
-<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
+<reb>かしわざきかりわ</reb>
1. A 2023-05-08 23:47:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmnedict 5740764 Active (id: 2355017)

ワンピース [spec1]
1. [work]
▶ One Piece (manga series and media franchise)



History:
5. A 2025-12-22 20:09:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-22 15:57:58  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"popular" is redundant.
  Diff:
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<gloss>One Piece (popular manga series)</gloss>
+<gloss>One Piece (manga series and media franchise)</gloss>
3. A 2023-05-07 06:33:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2. A 2015-01-27 05:40:43  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2015-01-26 22:28:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
See JMdict 1149240.

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jmnedict 5747491 Active (id: 2355018)

ワンピ [spec1]
1. [work]
▶ One Piece (manga series and media franchise) (abbr)



History:
2. A 2025-12-22 20:09:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-22 16:03:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONE_PIECE
>> 略称は「ワンピ」。
https://dic.pixiv.net/a/ワンピ
https://onepiece.fandom.com/ja/wiki/ONE_PIECE

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