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| 1. |
[n]
▶ container for keeping food or drink warm ▶ (wide-mouthed) thermos ▶ (rice) warmer
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| 2. |
[n]
▶ jar |
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| 7. | A 2025-12-24 05:22:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | OK |
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| 6. | A* 2025-12-23 23:16:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr: 飲み物・御飯などをいれる保温容器。広口の魔法瓶。 koj: 保温装置つきの広口容器。広口の魔法瓶や飯の保温器など。「炊飯―」 meikyo: 口の広い保温容器。「電子━」 |
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| Comments: | I've just realised that this is sense 1. I don't think the note on sense 2 is needed. |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,2 +10,5 @@ -<gloss>vacuum bottle</gloss> -<gloss>thermos</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref> +<gloss>container for keeping food or drink warm</gloss> +<gloss>(wide-mouthed) thermos</gloss> +<gloss>(rice) warmer</gloss> @@ -15 +17,0 @@ -<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf> @@ -17,7 +18,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n-suf;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2749070">炊飯ジャー</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref> -<gloss>warmer function (e.g. on a rice cooker)</gloss> |
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| 5. | A* 2025-12-23 20:08:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Something like this? |
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| Diff: | @@ -19 +19 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&n-suf;</pos> @@ -23 +23 @@ -<gloss>rice warmer</gloss> +<gloss>warmer function (e.g. on a rice cooker)</gloss> |
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| 4. | A* 2025-12-23 01:01:05 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Is it used as a standalone word? I don't think it's correct to say that ジャー means "rice warmer". Terms like 炊飯ジャー and 電子ジャー were coined to describe rice cookers that had a "keep warm" function. |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 22:48:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Multiple WWW hits and images for products. |
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| Diff: | @@ -17,0 +18,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2749070">炊飯ジャー</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2868480">電子ジャー</xref> +<gloss>rice warmer</gloss> +</sense> |
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| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[pref]
▶ hetero-
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| 2. |
[n]
[abbr]
▶ heterosexual ▶ hetero
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| 3. |
[n]
[abbr]
{genetics}
▶ heterozygote
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| 4. |
[adj-no]
{genetics}
▶ heterozygous |
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| 7. | A 2025-12-23 19:56:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 6. | A* 2025-12-23 09:13:27 Sombrero1 | |
| Diff: | @@ -10 +10 @@ -<gloss>hetro-</gloss> +<gloss>hetero-</gloss> @@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>hetro</gloss> +<gloss>hetero</gloss> |
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| 5. | A* 2025-12-22 23:59:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, daij, koj |
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| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,6 @@ +<pos>&pref;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1122700">ホモ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1122700">ホモ・1</xref> +<gloss>hetro-</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -11 +16,0 @@ -<gloss>hetero</gloss> @@ -12,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>hetro</gloss> @@ -16,0 +23 @@ +<field>&genet;</field> @@ -18,0 +26,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<field>&genet;</field> +<gloss>heterozygous</gloss> |
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| 4. | A 2011-05-22 03:20:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2011-05-22 03:16:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | ref is gg5 for sense 1&2, kokugos have only sense 2 |
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| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[pref]
▶ homo-
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| 2. |
[n]
[abbr,derog]
▶ homo ▶ (male) homosexual
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| 3. |
[n]
[abbr]
{genetics}
▶ homozygote
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| 4. |
[adj-no]
{genetics}
▶ homozygous |
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| 5. |
[n]
[abbr]
▶ homogenization
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| 13. | A 2025-12-23 08:50:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I've indexed the sentences. |
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| 12. | A* 2025-12-23 00:19:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daij, koj https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/ホモ |
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| Comments: | Indeed. I'll split it out. Added sense. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9,6 @@ +<pos>&pref;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1118530">ヘテロ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1118530">ヘテロ・1</xref> +<gloss>homo-</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -10 +15,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -19 +23,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -25,0 +30,5 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<field>&genet;</field> +<gloss>homozygous</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -27 +35,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -31,6 +38,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<lsource xml:lang="lat"/> -<gloss>Homo (genus of primates incl. modern humans)</gloss> |
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| 11. | A* 2025-12-22 22:29:39 | |
| Comments: | lsrc split, Homo should go |
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| 10. | A 2025-12-22 20:10:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 9. | A* 2025-12-22 14:33:48 Sombrero1 | |
| Diff: | @@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<field>&genet;</field> |
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| (show/hide 8 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ shoe rack (at an entrance) ▶ shoe cupboard ▶ shoe cubby |
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| 8. | A 2025-12-22 16:21:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| 7. | A* 2025-12-22 12:12:36 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 下駄箱 │ 191,114 │ 90.5% │ │ げた箱 │ 15,662 │ 7.4% │ add sK │ ゲタ箱 │ 4,372 │ 2.1% │ add ╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ゲタ箱</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| 6. | A 2024-02-20 03:26:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | What the heck. May as well include it. |
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| Diff: | @@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss>shoe cubby</gloss> |
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| 5. | A* 2024-02-20 00:23:32 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | "Things at my Japanese school that could send Americans into a coma…" https://www.youtube.com/shorts/7O55gYrMJ_o First 10 seconds: "We all had to change from outdoor to indoor shoes as soon as we entered the school, and 'no', I never saw any love-note confessions in the shoe cubbies". (1.6 million "likes", so probably 20+ million views, no one in the comments questioning the vocab) As an aside, some really nice pictures and a write-up in a non-school context: "Build your own shoe cubby" https://sincerelysarad.com/tag/diy-shoe-cubby/ |
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| Comments: | How about: shoe cubby (esp. in a school) "Native English speaker describing Japanese public school teaching experience" is a pretty common J->E scenario. Video shows usage in the first 10~15 seconds. I did not go looking for this video to make any kind of point, youtube dumped it on me randomly. Usage exactly matches my intuition. The poster is also American, so possibly AmE. Maybe it's not possible to add "cubby" with our current glossing policies. In any case, both this and "shoe cupboard" point to a broader conversation I'd like to have on github when I can find the time. Suddenly busy with work, could be a while. Not going to be worked up if "cubby" is not added, but I thought you might find this real-world example interesting. I'd be curious if your "gut" reaction differs if seeing it live, but that's neither here nor there. |
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| 4. | A 2024-02-03 11:14:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5, etc. |
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| Comments: | Never heard of cubby in this context. |
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| Diff: | @@ -16,2 +16 @@ -<gloss>shoe cabinet</gloss> -<gloss>shoe cubby</gloss> +<gloss>shoe cupboard</gloss> |
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| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ bully
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| 7. | A 2025-12-22 22:09:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | If 苛めっ子 is visible, I think 虐めっ子 should be too. Not sure the x-ref is needed. |
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| Diff: | @@ -6,3 +5,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>イジメっ子</keb> @@ -15,0 +13,4 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>イジメっ子</keb> |
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| 6. | A 2025-12-22 20:14:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 5. | A* 2025-12-22 11:54:44 GM <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -22,0 +23,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2068970">いじめられっ子</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2068970">いじめられっ子</xref> |
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| 4. | A 2023-08-30 21:01:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2023-08-30 20:22:12 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 〈虐め/苛め/いじめ/イジメ〉〈っこ/っ子/ッコ〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ いじめっ子 │ 94,459 │ 70.7% │ │ イジメっ子 │ 13,588 │ 10.2% │ - add │ 苛めっ子 │ 2,618 │ 2.0% │ - rK (kokugos) │ 虐めっ子 │ 1,859 │ 1.4% │ - add, sK │ 苛めっこ │ 64 │ 0.0% │ │ 虐めっこ │ 56 │ 0.0% │ │ いじめっこ │ 18,822 │ 14.1% │ │ イジメっこ │ 1,122 │ 0.8% │ │ イジメッコ │ 882 │ 0.7% │ │ いじめッコ │ 53 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<keb>イジメっ子</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>虐めっ子</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[v5u,vi]
▶ to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.) ▶ to be realized ▶ to be fulfilled ▶ to be granted ▶ to be answered (of a prayer) ▶ to be requited (of love) |
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| 12. | A 2026-01-12 04:26:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I reindexed the sentences. |
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| 11. | A 2026-01-12 04:08:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 10. | A* 2026-01-12 02:33:07 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | OK, let's do it. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,6 +7,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>適う</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>敵う</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -19 +12,0 @@ -<stagk>叶う</stagk> @@ -28,21 +20,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<stagk>適う</stagk> -<pos>&v5u;</pos> -<pos>&vi;</pos> -<gloss>to suit (one's needs, tastes, purpose, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>to serve</gloss> -<gloss>to meet (one's expectations, wishes, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>to measure up to (e.g. one's ideal)</gloss> -<gloss>to conform to (the law, standards, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>to be consistent with (reason, morality, etc.)</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&v5u;</pos> -<pos>&vi;</pos> -<s_inf>esp. 敵う; with neg. verb</s_inf> -<gloss>to match</gloss> -<gloss>to be a match for</gloss> -<gloss>to rival</gloss> -<gloss>to equal</gloss> -<gloss>to compare with</gloss> |
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| 9. | A* 2025-12-25 12:30:31 Sombrero1 | |
| Comments: | FWIW Shinmeikai, Shinsen and GendaiRK also restrict each sense. |
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| 8. | A* 2025-12-25 11:04:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I feel it's probably better to make this 3 entries, as in the JEs. |
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| (show/hide 7 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[v1,vt]
▶ to grant (request, wish) ▶ to answer (prayer) ▶ to make come true (e.g. a dream) ▶ to realize ▶ to fulfill |
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| 6. | A 2026-01-20 04:24:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5, etc. |
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| Comments: | Splitting. Also aligning the glosses more with the JEs. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,3 +7,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>適える</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -16 +12,0 @@ -<stagk>叶える</stagk> @@ -19 +15,3 @@ -<gloss>to make come true (e.g. a dream, wish, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to grant (request, wish)</gloss> +<gloss>to answer (prayer)</gloss> +<gloss>to make come true (e.g. a dream)</gloss> @@ -21,11 +19 @@ -<gloss>to fulfill (e.g. a request, wish, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>to grant</gloss> -<gloss>to answer (a prayer)</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<stagk>適える</stagk> -<pos>&v1;</pos> -<pos>&vt;</pos> -<misc>&rare;</misc> -<gloss>to fulfill (conditions)</gloss> -<gloss>to meet (requirements)</gloss> +<gloss>to fulfill</gloss> |
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| 5. | A* 2025-12-25 04:00:30 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 叶える 696838 way way more common and likely to get an IME hit 適える 3455 条件を叶え 192 52.6% rate of "mistakes" is significant 条件をかなえ 135 37.0% possibly [uk]? 条件を適え 38 10.4% 夢を叶えた 19187 49.4% 夢をかなえた 14784 38.0% 夢を適えた 46 0.1% rate of "mistakes" is trivial |
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| Comments: | Robin has a comment on 叶う that if we put a [restr] on all three senses there, we'd have to split the entries. Maybe we should. One upside of a split is that each kanji form gets an top-level "this kanji means this" headword, which in this case seems correct. On this entry in particular, I was originally going to comment "[2] is so rare, I would not object to splitting it off and marking the whole entry rare". Unlike 適う, 適える seems to have largely died off, and its presence here just adds noise. Because the 3-way split on 叶う seemed like it wouldn't happen, I didn't make the suggestion. But considering this entry in isolation, I think a split here makes sense. Because 叶える is *so* much more common than 適える, an "esp. 適える" note on 2 isn't even technically correct. There are more "mistakes" using 叶える than correct uses of 適える. If we split, we could put 叶える[sK] on the 適える entry. A corresponding entry would *not* be needed on 叶える. |
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| 4. | A* 2025-12-22 18:53:16 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Daijs, uncommon explicit kanji split: https://kotobank.jp/word/適える-465027 1 (適える)ぴったり合うようにする。条件や基準などを、十分に満たす。「必要条件を―・える」 2 (叶える)思いどおりに実現させる。聞き届ける。成就させる。「希望を―・えてやる」 https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/かなえる 【叶える】望みなどを実現させる。 【適える】基準や条件を満たす。 適える 3455 0.2% <--- only this one died, now [rare] 適う 123949 6.5% 叶える 696838 36.7% 叶う 1073663 56.6% gpt: 5. Why 適える specifically feels obsolete 適う survived as an intransitive evaluative verb 満たす took over the transitive, procedural role So 適える was squeezed out from both sides. https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=夢をかな 夢をかなえる live out a dream make one's dream happen make one's dream reality realize [actualize] a [one's] dream 夢 is 40% of all of the things that can be 叶えるed... を叶える 579339 夢を叶える 248847 夢を適える 337 Things that can be realized or granted: (gpt) 願いを叶える 109783 願望を叶える 8772 0.0% 希望を叶える 17071 0.0% 望みを叶える 28473 0.1% 要望を叶える 2659 祈りを叶える 168 0.0% 約束を叶える 234 1.4% 恋を叶える 12256 71.3% <- a tough translation 想いを叶える 3280 19.1% 気持ちを叶える 1428 8.3% 目的を叶える 958 a goal... A weird one: Romantic / emotional (high metaphor density) 恋を叶える to make one’s love come true to turn love into reality 想いを叶える to have one’s feelings fulfilled to see one’s feelings reciprocated (contextual, very natural) English often resolves this relationally, not abstractly. How you actually fulfill requirements in Japanese: 条件を満たし 304658 99.9% 条件を叶え 192 0.1% <-- includes inevitable mistakes 条件をかなえ 135 0.0% 条件を適え 38 0.0% 条件に適う 11614 (or this) |
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| Comments: | "esp." does not do this justice: 夢を叶える 248847 夢を適える 337 daijs and wiktionary give kanji-specific senses. [restr] is better than "esp." here. Prescriptively (and usu. in practice) you should not use either kanji outside of the correct sense. Came here from the anime Erased/僕だけがいない街. Q: Why do you have バイト? A: 自分で稼いだお金で叶えたい夢がある. Because I have a dream I want to achieve using money I’ve earned myself. This entry has always given me the impression 叶える was only for granting to others. In the case of 夢, 叶える actually defaults to applying to ones own dreams. see also 叶う[1]: to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled |
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| Diff: | @@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<stagk>叶える</stagk> @@ -18,3 +19,5 @@ -<s_inf>esp. 叶える</s_inf> -<gloss>to grant (request, wish)</gloss> -<gloss>to answer (prayer)</gloss> +<gloss>to make come true (e.g. a dream, wish, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to realize</gloss> +<gloss>to fulfill (e.g. a request, wish, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to grant</gloss> +<gloss>to answer (a prayer)</gloss> @@ -22,0 +26 @@ +<stagk>適える</stagk> @@ -25 +29 @@ -<s_inf>esp. 適える</s_inf> +<misc>&rare;</misc> |
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| 3. | A 2010-09-29 22:25:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2010-09-29 17:55:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | koj, daijr, daijs |
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| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>適える</keb> @@ -15,0 +18,1 @@ +<s_inf>esp. 叶える</s_inf> @@ -18,0 +22,7 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v1;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<s_inf>esp. 適える</s_inf> +<gloss>to fulfill (conditions)</gloss> +<gloss>to meet (requirements)</gloss> +</sense> |
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| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[exp,v5r]
▶ to fall behind ▶ to lag behind ▶ to be outdistanced ▶ to be beaten |
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| 13. | A 2025-12-24 05:16:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Seems OK. |
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| 12. | A* 2025-12-24 03:13:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 luminous: だれにも後れを取りたくない I don't want to be beaten by anybody. |
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| Comments: | I understand the reasoning but I still think "to be beaten" works in some contexts, e.g. in the sense of being beaten to the punch. Also, "遅れを取っている" could be translated as "being beaten (in some aspect)". |
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| Diff: | @@ -29,0 +30 @@ +<gloss>to be outdistanced</gloss> @@ -31 +31,0 @@ -<gloss>to be defeated</gloss> |
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| 11. | A* 2025-12-22 06:35:04 | |
| Comments: | I meant to say that I wrote the previous thinking about a fistfight but somehow forgot but yes, I think "defeat" is too definite, that the fight is still in progress it will *probably* lead to a defeat though |
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| 10. | A* 2025-12-22 06:20:26 | |
| Comments: | I think I understand huixing's argument, that these two glossses are not accurate accurate would be whatever the opposite of "to have the upper hand" is, i.e. that you are "down on points" so to speak, that you look like you're losing, but _have not lost yet_ and can in fact regain the lead, to make an upset (compare the situation to a race where you are 100m behind the lead runner) I'd prefer something like "to be losing" or "to be on the verge of defeat" to these two if there are no better options around |
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| 9. | A 2025-12-22 03:51:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 8 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ end ▶ close ▶ conclusion ▶ termination
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| 5. | A 2025-12-22 03:53:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-21 21:28:24 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 試合終了 492,134 生産終了 248,994 |
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| Diff: | @@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<gloss>conclusion</gloss> |
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| 3. | A 2022-08-03 05:42:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2022-08-03 04:56:54 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr/s, meikyo |
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| Diff: | @@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<xref type="ant" seq="1202760">開始</xref> |
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| 1. | A 2021-11-18 00:56:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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| Diff: | @@ -18,0 +19,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ thousand years ▶ millennium ▶ [fig] long time |
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| 9. | A 2025-12-23 04:45:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Thanks. |
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| 8. | A* 2025-12-23 01:18:35 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I'll set up the split. |
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| Diff: | @@ -7,6 +6,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>千歳</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>千載</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -15,11 +8,0 @@ -<re_restr>千年</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ちとせ</reb> -<re_restr>千年</re_restr> -<re_restr>千歳</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>せんざい</reb> -<re_restr>千歳</re_restr> -<re_restr>千載</re_restr> @@ -29 +12 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>thousand years</gloss> @@ -31 +13,0 @@ -<gloss>one thousand years</gloss> |
|
| 7. | A* 2025-12-22 14:51:52 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Nikkoku and all of my Kogo dictionaries have ちとせ for 千年・千歳. But it's not in any modern references as far as I can see. Could probably have 千年 with [rK] in the ちとせ entry. First 30 youglish examples for 千年 are all せんねん ちとせ is tagged 古風 by Meikyo and [poet] by sankoku. . |
|
| Comments: | I think so too. |
|
| 6. | A* 2025-12-22 10:55:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | JEs, Daijisen, etc. |
|
| Comments: | I think this should be 3 entries: - 千年 せんねん - 千歳 ちとせ - 千載; 千歳[rK] せんざい I can't find 千年 being read ちとせ. |
|
| 5. | A* 2025-12-22 03:42:36 | |
| Comments: | I think 千代 is more common in classical/poetic writing |
|
| (show/hide 4 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ exposure ▶ disclosure ▶ exposé ▶ revelation |
|
| 6. | A 2025-12-22 21:09:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | すっぱ抜き 8,988 97.3% 素っ破抜き 246 2.7% 素破抜き 0 透っ破抜き 0 透破抜き 0 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +13 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,5 +17 @@ -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>透破抜き</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -26 +23,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref> |
|
| 5. | A 2012-04-16 04:08:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2012-04-15 23:59:47 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | correct spelling with the accent disambiguates, and it should make quotation marks and "(e.g.)" unnecessary |
|
| Diff: | @@ -30,1 +30,1 @@ -<gloss>"expose" (e.g. in magazine)</gloss> +<gloss>exposé</gloss> |
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| 3. | A* 2012-04-12 05:23:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | JWN |
|
| Comments: | Alternative (and probably wrong) kanji. I suspect it comes from "素っ破 ; 透っ波 ; 透波" by mixing up the kanji. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13,0 +13,8 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>透っ破抜き</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>透破抜き</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -19,1 +27,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1397170">すっぱ抜く・すっぱぬく</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref> @@ -23,0 +31,1 @@ +<gloss>revelation</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A* 2012-04-12 04:46:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref> |
|
| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[v5k,vt]
▶ to expose (a secret, scandal, etc.) ▶ to disclose ▶ to uncover ▶ to unmask |
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| 6. | A 2025-12-22 16:22:21 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| 5. | A* 2025-12-22 08:53:49 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ すっぱ抜い │ 4,545 │ 88.4% │ │ 素っ破抜い │ 68 │ 1.3% │ add rK │ 素破抜い │ 28 │ 0.5% │ add sK │ すっぱぬい │ 498 │ 9.7% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -12 +13 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 4. | A 2018-05-20 06:51:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2018-05-19 13:36:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, daij |
|
| Comments: | I think 素破抜く is [io]. Only gg5 has it. I don't think we need the x-ref. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> @@ -19,2 +20 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1397160">すっぱ抜き・すっぱぬき</xref> -<gloss>to expose</gloss> +<gloss>to expose (a secret, scandal, etc.)</gloss> @@ -21,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>to uncover</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A 2012-04-16 00:00:03 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -23,1 +23,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1397160">素っ破抜き・すっぱぬき</xref> |
|
| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ delay ▶ lag ▶ falling behind |
|
| 5. | A 2025-12-23 23:25:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 遅れを取っ 20,492 71.1% 後れを取っ 8,322 28.9% |
|
| Comments: | Notably not rare in 後れを取る but it's hardly used outside of that expression. Dropping freq tags from 後れ. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13,2 +12,0 @@ -<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri> -<ke_pri>nf25</ke_pri> @@ -20 +17,0 @@ -<re_pri>news2</re_pri> @@ -22 +18,0 @@ -<re_pri>nf25</re_pri> |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-23 20:01:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5, etc. |
|
| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 22:42:45 | |
| Refs: | 遅れが 2534750 100.0% 後れが 377 0.0% 遅れの 393145 99.5% 後れの 1903 0.5% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> |
|
| 2. | A 2025-12-22 20:12:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 15:59:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | GG5 has "postponement" but it's not used in any of the JEs's example sentences. I don't think it's a good fit. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -27 +26,0 @@ -<gloss>postponement</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n,adj-no]
▶ blooming late ▶ flowering late ▶ blossoming late |
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| 2. |
[n,adj-no]
▶ being a late bloomer (of an athlete, author, etc.) |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 00:48:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-21 23:21:55 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 遅咲き 133,568 98.4% 遅咲 2,179 1.6% |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -19,0 +21 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -20,0 +23,5 @@ +<gloss>blooming late</gloss> +<gloss>flowering late</gloss> +<gloss>blossoming late</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -22,2 +29,2 @@ -<gloss>late blooming (flower, talent)</gloss> -<gloss>late flowering</gloss> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>being a late bloomer (of an athlete, author, etc.)</gloss> |
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| 2. | A 2012-03-13 07:28:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -22,1 +22,1 @@ -<gloss>late blooming (flower or talent)</gloss> +<gloss>late blooming (flower, talent)</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2012-03-10 14:13:12 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 ジーニアス 新解さん 3,500,000 遅咲き 260,000 遅咲 |
|
| Comments: | * Add pos [adj-no] * Add “talent” e.g. to gloss (as in GG5) * Add spelling 遅咲 w/o okurigana |
|
| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +10,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>遅咲</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -17,0 +20,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -18,2 +22,2 @@ -<gloss>late flower</gloss> -<gloss>late blooming</gloss> +<gloss>late blooming (flower or talent)</gloss> +<gloss>late flowering</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ Tōkai region (of Honshu; incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)
|
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| 2. |
[n]
▶ eastern sea |
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| 3. |
[n]
[abbr,hist]
▶ Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
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| 4. |
[n]
[poet,arch]
▶ Japan |
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| 13. | A 2025-12-22 20:33:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Let's do that (moving "East Sea" to a separate トンヘ entry). とうかい can be a secondary reading. We wouldn't typically have [poet] and [arch] on the same sense. I added [arch] in this case because the JEs and kokugos don't have this meaning. I wouldn't object to dropping [poet]. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -21,7 +21 @@ -<gloss>(the) eastern sea</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1464470">日本海</xref> -<misc>&sens;</misc> -<gloss>East Sea (Korean name for the Sea of Japan)</gloss> +<gloss>eastern sea</gloss> |
|
| 12. | A* 2025-12-22 10:14:57 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | *Kojien: ⑤(Tonghae)朝鮮で、日本海の称。トンヘ。 *KOD追加語彙 for 東海:〔日本海に対する韓国の呼称〕 ⇒トンヘ. トンヘ【東海】 外字(tonhe) 〔日本海に対する韓国の呼称〕 the East Sea. *新語時事用語辞典 about トンヘ: 「朝鮮語における「東海」の読み方。主に、韓国が「日本海」に替わる呼称として主張している海域名のこと。 韓国は1990年代以降、「日本海」の呼び名を「東海」の呼称に訂正するようにと国際的なキャンペーンを行っている。それに起因する一連の問題は「日本海呼称問題」などと呼ばれている。 日本海は英語では「Sea of Japan」と表記される。東海は「East Sea」であるが、「East Sea(of Korea)」と暗に韓国の国名を含んだ呼び名である。なお、日本語の「東海」に日本そのものを指す意味もある。」 ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー Most kokugos have the first sense "❶東の方にある海。" Compare Meikyo: ❶東の方にある海。 ❷本州中央部のうち、太平洋側の地方。ふつう静岡・愛知・三重の三県と岐阜県の南部をいう。東海地方。 ❸「東海道」の略。⇒東海道 And the references that also have the [poet] sense have both. ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー 東海道 sense is in Meikyo, Sankoku, Oukoku, etc. ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー Chuujiten also has this: とうかい1【東海】 【地名】 Donghai (トンハイ) 《中国江蘇省北部の県》 . |
|
| Comments: | I suggest the "East Sea" sense be split out with トンヘ as the primary reading with a [lsrc] tag. (Would it then still possible to have とうかい as a secondary reading?) Adding two more senses from GG5 and the smaller kokugos. Not sure if we should have [poet,arch], they are largely similar. Though I guess just dropping one of them is kind of arbitrary too. Compare Stephen's comment in 1877000: "There's a significant overlap between poetic and archaic words. To make matters more confusing, the [arch] tag in JMdict is used both on archaic words that are still used in modern Japanese and archaic words that are obsolete. " |
|
| Diff: | @@ -20,0 +21,4 @@ +<gloss>(the) eastern sea</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -23,0 +28,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1447620">東海道</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss> |
|
| 11. | A* 2025-12-22 05:23:06 parfait8 | |
| Comments: | is the "(Korean) East Sea" sense really appropriate? none of the refs have it and the articles i'm seeing really only have it in the context of how 東海 (pronounced donghae) is used in south korea i'm also seeing an additional "[abbr] 東海道" sense in some kokugos there's also "JR東海" (not in refs) |
|
| 10. | A 2025-12-21 01:57:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -17,2 +17 @@ -<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu</gloss> -<gloss>incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss> +<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu; incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss> |
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| 9. | A 2025-12-21 01:57:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Wiktionary describes it as a 美称. The kokugos say it's simply a 異称. The smaller kokugos don't have this sense. Appears to be somewhat archaic. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -16,2 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>Tōkai region</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">region south of Tokyo on the Pacific Ocean side of Japan</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1447610">東海地方</xref> +<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu</gloss> +<gloss>incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss> @@ -27,0 +29 @@ +<misc>&arch;</misc> |
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| (show/hide 8 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[hist]
▶ Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
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| 2. |
[n]
[hist]
▶ Tōkaidō (under the ritsuryō system; one of the seven districts of ancient Japan)
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| 5. | A 2025-12-22 20:19:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-22 10:22:27 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Meikyo, GG5, etc. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13,8 @@ -<gloss>Tokaido (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss> +<gloss>Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1319430">七道</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1738990">律令制</xref> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>Tōkaidō (under the ritsuryō system; one of the seven districts of ancient Japan)</gloss> |
|
| 3. | A 2021-11-19 02:24:56 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | hist ok I guess? |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&hist;</misc> |
|
| 2. | A 2011-05-02 03:09:07 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2011-05-02 02:31:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Tidying. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>Tokaido (name of Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss> +<gloss>Tokaido (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ wedge ▶ chock ▶ linchpin ▶ lynchpin
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| 2. |
[n]
▶ tie ▶ bond |
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| 6. | A 2025-12-22 21:52:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | OK |
|
| Diff: | @@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +<re_nokanji/> |
|
| 5. | A* 2025-12-12 23:13:52 parfait8 | |
| Comments: | 楔形 is more of a compound term (with a separate jmdict entry) and those results would justify a [uk] tag クサビ gets a lot of hits on higher count searches like Xを (and in general on google), i don't think it should be hidden |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-12 23:06:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 楔形 5,474 34.1% くさび形 9,428 58.8% クサビ形 1,141 7.1% |
|
| Comments: | Let's drop it. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -20 +19,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -28 +26,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-12 18:41:29 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 楔を │ 15,938 │ 50.7% │ │ 轄を │ 106 │ 0.3% │ add rK │ くさびを │ 8,931 │ 28.4% │ │ クサビを │ 6,470 │ 20.6% │ add ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 楔となる │ 385 │ 72.1% │ │ 轄となる │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ くさびとなる │ 106 │ 19.9% │ │ クサビとなる │ 43 │ 8.1% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯ Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 楔を打ち │ 419 │ 55.6% │ │ 轄を打ち │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ くさびを打ち │ 184 │ 24.4% │ │ クサビを打ち │ 150 │ 19.9% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯ |
|
| Comments: | i'm not sure this is [uk] |
|
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +13,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>クサビ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> |
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| 2. | A 2012-03-15 21:56:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[poet]
▶ thousand years ▶ thousand generations ▶ thousand ages ▶ eternity |
|
| 8. | A 2025-12-23 20:11:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | OK |
|
| 7. | A* 2025-12-22 23:52:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I don't think it's necessary. It could also imply that the other glosses are being used literally. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -23 +23 @@ -<gloss g_type="fig">eternity</gloss> +<gloss>eternity</gloss> |
|
| 6. | A* 2025-12-22 20:58:33 Sombrero1 | |
| Comments: | I thought about that too, looks better now. Only shinsen has two senses. Could probably use [fig] gloss type for "eternity"? |
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| Diff: | @@ -23 +23 @@ -<gloss>eternity</gloss> +<gloss g_type="fig">eternity</gloss> |
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| 5. | A* 2025-12-22 20:45:08 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 smk:〔雅〕千年。非常に長い年月。 |
|
| Comments: | The kokugos only have one sense. I don't think it literally means "one thousand years" in actual usage. |
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| Diff: | @@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<misc>&poet;</misc> @@ -20,4 +21,2 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<misc>&poet;</misc> +<gloss>thousand generations</gloss> +<gloss>thousand ages</gloss> @@ -25 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>forever</gloss> |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 20:20:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[abbr]
▶ splitting the cost ▶ splitting the bill ▶ Dutch treat
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 08:14:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 08:03:28 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 割り勘 │ 128,739 │ 76.3% │ │ 割勘 │ 11,338 │ 6.7% │ │ ワリカン │ 28,640 │ 17.0% │ add (sankoku) ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -17,0 +18,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ワリカン</reb> +<re_nokanji/> |
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| 2. | A 2023-01-08 21:14:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2023-01-08 13:08:30 Kyle Ong <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | ウィズダム英和辞典 / ウィズダム和英辞典 |
|
| Comments: | added definition |
|
| Diff: | @@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<gloss>splitting the bill</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n,vs,vi]
▶ adding one's signature and seal (to a document) ▶ signing and sealing |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 05:44:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 01:35:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, prog 署名捺印 33,375 署名捺印し 11,804 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>sign and seal</gloss> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>adding one's signature and seal (to a document)</gloss> +<gloss>signing and sealing</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ curious onlookers ▶ rubbernecks |
|
| 6. | A 2025-12-22 16:28:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I don't think this needs a derog tag. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -34 +33,0 @@ -<misc>&derog;</misc> |
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| 5. | A* 2025-12-22 12:19:41 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | ヤジウマ 6,178 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -25,0 +26,4 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ヤジウマ</reb> |
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| 4. | A 2024-12-06 21:39:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | We originally had it as [vulg] then in 2007 someone changed it to [sens]. I like [derog] for it. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -30 +30 @@ -<misc>&sens;</misc> +<misc>&derog;</misc> |
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| 3. | A* 2024-10-27 02:19:44 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | smk Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 野次馬 │ 161,675 │ 54.5% │ │ やじ馬 │ 9,002 │ 3.0% │ add sK │ ヤジ馬 │ 5,100 │ 1.7% │ add sK │ 弥次馬 │ 699 │ 0.2% │ add rK │ やじうま │ 119,773 │ 40.4% │ │ ヤジうま │ 383 │ 0.1% │ add sk ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ |
|
| Comments: | is this actually [sens]? i don't see anything to suggest so in kokugos and it feels like [derog] at best |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,6 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>弥次馬</keb> +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -8,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,3 +19 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>弥次馬</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -18,3 +22,0 @@ -<re_restr>野次馬</re_restr> -<re_restr>やじ馬</re_restr> -<re_restr>弥次馬</re_restr> @@ -24 +26 @@ -<re_restr>ヤジ馬</re_restr> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> |
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| 2. | A 2017-02-04 00:34:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n,vs,vi]
▶ late completion ▶ succeeding later in life ▶ being a late bloomer |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 03:53:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-21 22:34:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daij, meikyo 晩成 39,216 大器晩成 40,898 |
|
| Comments: | Doesn't refer to a person. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -14 +13,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -16 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>a late bloomer</gloss> +<gloss>succeeding later in life</gloss> +<gloss>being a late bloomer</gloss> |
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| 2. | A 2022-01-22 01:33:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Correct POS order -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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| Diff: | @@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -14 +14,0 @@ -<pos>&vi;</pos> |
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| 1. | A 2021-11-18 01:25:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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| Diff: | @@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> |
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| 1. |
[n]
{biology}
▶ zygote
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:36:05 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2868489">接合体</xref> |
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| 1. | A 2021-12-27 00:11:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 |
|
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&biol;</field> |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ granulated sugar |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:38:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 22:29:04 | |
| Refs: | グラニュー糖 183506 98.7% グラニュ糖 2445 1.3% saw on bag of sugar |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>グラニュ糖</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| 1. |
[n]
[hist]
▶ Copernican Revolution |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 00:49:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-21 21:38:24 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/コペルニクス的転回 wiki |
|
| Comments: | Usually capitalized, adding tag |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>Copernican revolution</gloss> +<misc>&hist;</misc> +<gloss>Copernican Revolution</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ customer base |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 05:42:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 03:53:01 | |
| Diff: | @@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>こきゃくベース</reb> +</r_ele> |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ bullied child
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| 6. | A 2025-12-22 20:14:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 5. | A* 2025-12-22 11:53:37 GM <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | jitsuyou: 「いじめっ子」に対比される表現。 |
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| Diff: | @@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1195130">いじめっ子</xref> |
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| 4. | A 2023-08-31 16:46:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | If 苛められっ子 is rK, I think 虐められっ子 should be as well. イジメられっ子 can be hidden. |
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| Diff: | @@ -6,3 +5,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>イジメられっ子</keb> @@ -15,0 +13,4 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>イジメられっ子</keb> |
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| 3. | A 2023-08-30 21:06:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2023-08-30 20:28:06 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 〈いじめ/イジメ/苛め/虐め〉〈られっ/ラレッ〉〈子/こ/コ〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ いじめられっ子 │ 86,291 │ 63.1% │ │ イジメられっ子 │ 10,251 │ 7.5% │ - add │ 虐められっ子 │ 3,017 │ 2.2% │ - add, sK │ 苛められっ子 │ 2,703 │ 2.0% │ - rK │ 虐められっこ │ 583 │ 0.4% │ │ イジメラレッ子 │ 405 │ 0.3% │ │ 苛められっこ │ 385 │ 0.3% │ │ 苛められっコ │ 25 │ 0.0% │ │ いじめられっこ │ 30,338 │ 22.2% │ │ イジメられっこ │ 1,843 │ 1.3% │ │ イジメラレッコ │ 671 │ 0.5% │ │ いじめられっコ │ 123 │ 0.1% │ │ イジメられっコ │ 104 │ 0.1% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<keb>イジメられっ子</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>虐められっ子</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[v1,vt]
▶ to follow (someone) ▶ to shadow ▶ to tail ▶ to stalk
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| 8. | A 2025-12-24 07:46:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 7. | A* 2025-12-22 21:04:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | meikyo: 表記「追ける」「〈尾行〉る」「尾ける」などとも当てるが、かな書きが多い。 尾ける 608 尾けて 1,897 尾けた 1,039 --- 追ける 49 追けて 108 追けた 0 --- 尾行る 61 尾行て 159 尾行た 0 |
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| Comments: | We sometimes split out certain kanji forms into separate entries if the word has many senses. I'm OK with keeping this. We could add an "also written as" note to the 付ける entry but I'm not sure it's necessary given that none of these forms are common. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>追ける</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>尾行る</keb> |
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| 6. | A* 2025-12-22 12:52:10 parfait8 | |
| Comments: | shouldn't this be merged in 付ける as [sK] with a note for sense 9? |
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| 5. | A 2022-09-09 23:42:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2022-09-09 21:27:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | The note implied that 尾ける and 付ける are separate words. I think it should be dropped. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13,2 +13,4 @@ -<s_inf>from 尾行する and 付ける</s_inf> -<gloss>to put a tail on someone</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1495770">付ける・9</xref> +<gloss>to follow (someone)</gloss> +<gloss>to shadow</gloss> +<gloss>to tail</gloss> |
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| (show/hide 3 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[uk,abbr,col]
▶ giving something a try because it will not do any harm
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| 11. | A 2025-12-22 20:22:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 10. | A* 2025-12-22 13:12:12 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ ダメ元 │ 89,870 │ 24.5% │ move up │ 駄目もと │ 28,644 │ 7.8% │ add sK │ 駄目元 │ 23,836 │ 6.5% │ │ だめ元 │ 3,702 │ 1.0% │ add │ ダメもと │ 117,168 │ 31.9% │ move up │ だめもと │ 61,174 │ 16.6% │ │ ダメモト │ 43,034 │ 11.7% │ add ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ |
|
| Comments: | re-ordered tags (assuming [uk] > [abbr] > [col] is the correct order) |
|
| Diff: | @@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>ダメ元</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -11 +15,2 @@ -<keb>ダメ元</keb> +<keb>だめ元</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,3 +19,2 @@ -<reb>だめもと</reb> -<re_restr>駄目元</re_restr> -<re_restr>駄目もと</re_restr> +<reb>ダメもと</reb> +<re_nokanji/> @@ -19,2 +23,5 @@ -<reb>ダメもと</reb> -<re_restr>ダメ元</re_restr> +<reb>だめもと</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ダメモト</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -24,0 +32,2 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> @@ -26,2 +34,0 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<misc>&uk;</misc> |
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| 9. | A 2020-07-15 21:35:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5, etc. |
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| Comments: | Yes, better. I'll align 駄目で元々. |
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| Diff: | @@ -28 +28 @@ -<gloss>giving something a try because one has nothing to lose</gloss> +<gloss>giving something a try because it will not do any harm</gloss> |
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| 8. | A* 2020-07-15 14:48:51 | |
| Refs: | Progressive Waei |
|
| Comments: | If it read "because it doesn't hurt anything" it might be more accurate https://youtu.be/ZifEUSonMxQ?t=806 The teacher in the above video defines it as 多分無理だけど (ちょっとやってみる) |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>駄目もと</keb> @@ -12,0 +16 @@ +<re_restr>駄目もと</re_restr> |
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| 7. | A 2018-01-31 05:37:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 6 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n,adj-no]
▶ customer-orientation
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| 5. | A 2025-12-22 05:42:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-22 03:53:27 | |
| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>こきゃくしこう</reb> +</r_ele> |
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| 3. | A 2016-04-26 00:30:06 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2016-04-24 01:27:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1220092692 G n-grams: 顧客指向 4313 顧客志向 39699 |
|
| Comments: | 顧客志向 is the correct term. Although 顧客指向 literally means "customer oriented", it's more about physically pointing something at a customer. Hence the proposed "iK". (The Chiebukuro article goes into this.) |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>顧客指向</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> |
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| 1. | A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ customer satisfaction
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| 3. | A 2025-12-22 05:41:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-22 03:54:31 | |
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +<reb>こきゃくまんぞく</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -11,3 +13,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>こきゃくまんぞく</reb> |
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| 1. | A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
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| 1. |
[n]
{genetics}
▶ homozygote
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 20:06:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Could be both. |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 14:31:57 Sombrero1 | |
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<field>&biol;</field> +<field>&genet;</field> |
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| 2. | A* 2025-12-22 14:29:44 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ ホモ接合体 │ 1,956 │ 91.1% │This │ 同型接合体 │ 191 │ 8.9% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ 最新医学大辞典 第2版, Nanzando |
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| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&biol;</field> |
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| 1. | A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
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| 1. |
[n]
{genetics}
▶ heterozygote
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 23:17:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&genet;</field> |
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| 1. | A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
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| 1. |
[n]
{genetics}
▶ heterozygote
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| 3. | A 2025-12-23 04:41:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-22 23:19:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 異型接合体 115 ヘテロ接合体 1,930 |
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| Comments: | I don't think it needs a rare tag. Daijr has it. |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<misc>&rare;</misc> +<field>&genet;</field> |
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| 1. | A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
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| 1. |
[n]
[arch]
▶ spy (working under a samurai in the Warring States period)
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| 2. |
[n]
[arch]
▶ thief |
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| 3. |
[n]
[arch]
▶ lie ▶ liar |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 21:53:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 21:16:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daij, koj |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11,4 @@ +<keb>素破</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -11,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -18 +22,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref> @@ -20 +24 @@ -<gloss>spy</gloss> +<gloss>spy (working under a samurai in the Warring States period)</gloss> @@ -29,0 +34 @@ +<gloss>lie</gloss> |
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| 2. | A 2012-04-15 23:48:24 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -19,1 +19,1 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1397170">すっぱ抜く・すっぱぬく</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1397170">素っ破抜く・すっぱぬく</xref> |
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| 1. | A* 2012-04-12 05:18:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Koj, Daijr |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ target demographic ▶ target audience
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| 7. | A 2025-12-22 05:37:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 6. | A* 2025-12-22 03:54:15 | |
| Diff: | @@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>たいしょうこきゃくそう</reb> +</r_ele> |
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| 5. | A 2021-07-15 10:18:53 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2711250">顧客層・こかくそう</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2711250">顧客層</xref> |
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| 4. | A 2021-07-13 10:29:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Good question. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>たいしょうこきゃくそう</reb> +<reb>たいしょうこかくそう</reb> |
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| 3. | A* 2021-07-13 07:17:26 dine | |
| Comments: | Why is 顧客層 read こきゃくそう here but こかくそう at 2711250? |
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| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ customer base ▶ constituency ▶ customer segment ▶ patron base ▶ clientele
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 05:35:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 03:53:15 | |
| Diff: | @@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>こきゃくそう</reb> +</r_ele> |
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| 2. | A 2012-05-11 22:48:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2012-05-11 07:34:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | KOD追加語彙, Eijiro |
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| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ Sambucus chinensis (species of elderberry) |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-22 16:31:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 13:17:36 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 蒴藋 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ add rK │ そくず │ 117 │ 20.4% │ │ ソクズ │ 456 │ 79.6% │ move up (google results) ╰─ーーー─┴─────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -7,3 +7,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>そくず</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -12,0 +11,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>そくず</reb> |
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| 2. | A 2013-10-16 17:50:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2013-10-16 06:05:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | koj, daij, wiki |
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| 1. |
[aux-v]
《after the -nai stem of a verb and for サ変 as せ~ず (all senses); continuative form of ぬ》 ▶ (does) not ..., and ▶ (does) not ..., so ▶ not (doing) ▶ without (doing)
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| 2. |
[aux-v]
[arch]
▶ not
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| 29. | A* 2025-12-22 10:52:16 Non | |
| Comments: | PoS tags aside, I still would like the usage note reverted to its prior version, with the ~ after せ and サ変 instead of する. Since the argumentation for that is now buried under a few walls of text, I will quote it here for reading convenience: 『サ変 was chosen over suru-class or something of the sort as it is mildly shorter and refers to the conjugation class as a whole rather than する singularly. While す・する and サ変 are largely synonymous since the former and its compounds very likely account for 99.9% of the conjugation class, there are very few verbs that occupy that 0.1% position wherein they have the suru-class paradigm, despite having no connection to the actual suru. Off the top of my head I can recall 御座す(おはす), 坐す(います) and まらする;the former probably began as a either a 二段 or 四段 from 座す(わす) while the latter two were originally 四段 and 二段 respectively, and only later became サ変』 (Shamelessly adding to the above, "サ変" also explicitly includes the classical す while just "する" does not; which in hindsight is far more important than the obscure verbs I dug up) 『As for the tilde, it is there to separate the stem from the suffix... Is it strictly necessary? Probably not. But personal experience tells me that if something can be interpreted wrongly, it will. And so I reckon there will be at least one person who will read "after the -nai stem of a verb and as せず for する" as ず sprouting a せ in front of it and then attaching to する as しせず』 |
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| Diff: | @@ -11 +11 @@ -<s_inf>after the -nai stem of a verb and as せず for する (all senses); continuative form of ぬ</s_inf> +<s_inf>after the -nai stem of a verb and for サ変 as せ~ず (all senses); continuative form of ぬ</s_inf> |
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| 28. | A* 2025-12-20 10:05:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 27. | A 2025-12-20 10:04:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think I'll pin this version (mainly to reduce the queue), then reopen for a while. I'm still uncertain about [aux-v] cf [aux]. |
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| 26. | A* 2025-12-15 09:21:47 Sombrero1 | |
| Comments: | >Jokes aside, you can take that approach - but this is entirely a matter of philosophy wherein ぬ is regarded as the flexible original and all other forms as immutable variants. As a rule, dictionary forms are chosen primarily by pragmatism and not by any morphological criteria i.e. ぬ and ず are both inflections of the same lexeme, which we call ぬ by convention - but that does not mean that ぬ turns into ず or vice-versa, or that they do not. You *can* posit that only ぬ inflects, but it is very hard to actually prove it. That's a good argument. I hadn't really thought in that direction, and I doubt I could prove that. I think I'll concede here. I have also read the rest of your reply, but I'll refrain from engaging in further discussion on those topics. Since it's a somewhat off-topic discussion (which I know I have started). I'll keep it in my head as food for thought. |
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| 25. | A* 2025-12-13 06:54:06 Non | |
| Refs: | Daijirin, Shinmeikai. Daijirin entry for ず*: 『(助動) 1 現代語の打ち消しの助動詞「ぬ」の連用形。→ぬ(助動) 2 ず(ざら)・ず(ざり)・ず・ぬ(ざる)・ね(ざれ)・ざれ 古語の打ち消しの助動詞。用言およびある種の助動詞の未然形に接続する。打ち消しの意を表す。ない。ぬ。』 The(助動)at the top applies to the entire entry. *The numbers are mine; the numerals used by Daijirin for its senses are images and cannot be copied so I had to replace them. |
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| Comments: | "My idea was that sense one is not something that inflects, it's the 連用形 of ぬ *singled out* to have its separate sense. Thus it does not inflect, and is basically used as a 未然形-bound 接続助詞." ずに, ずんば and entirety of the ざり paradigm found dead in the streets of the 平安 period. Jokes aside, you can take that approach - but this is entirely a matter of philosophy wherein ぬ is regarded as the flexible original and all other forms as immutable variants. As a rule, dictionary forms are chosen primarily by pragmatism and not by any morphological criteria i.e. ぬ and ず are both inflections of the same lexeme, which we call ぬ by convention - but that does not mean that ぬ turns into ず or vice-versa, or that they do not. You *can* posit that only ぬ inflects, but it is very hard to actually prove it. "The kokugos that perform this same split do not assign a PoS tag to the 連用形 ず sense." Well, the kokugos do not have the constraint that they need a PoS tag or else they get a syntax error. In any case, Daijirin and Shinmeikai have both senses under 助動詞; since we need a tag I still think [aux-v] is best. "And I do remember seeing that style of note in another entry (it might have been Non there too, I don't quite recall)" I do think the only instances of a ~ between a stem and suffix are the ones I edited (and I think they are all the せ~ 未然形 + suffix, courtesy of "-nai stem") but the practice of prefixing a ~ to suffixes, etc. in notes predates me by several years. I first used the intermediary ~ in either the (ら)れる or (さ)せる entry, which already had a ~ before I added the stem. "This perhaps isn't very relevant to the ず discussion in particular, but I was under the assumption that there is syntactical difference between these two. Is there not?" That depends on the level of morphosyntactical analysis and the school of thought/philosophy being employed to execute it, as they define where we want our morpheme boundaries to be and how the syntax trees are structured. If we define our boundaries to be something relatively simple such as semantic content and grammatical function, both are identical in that they consist of a base content verb + a suffix adding grammatical information: せぬ = se-nu = do-NEG.NPS している = shite-iru = do-CONT.NPS The morphological structure may then be reflected in the syntax tree (since the stems せ and し, as well as て, have neither semantic content nor overt grammatical function in their current use, they are ignored by this analysis). Finer levels may take every single root, meaningless stem and particle, or even concepts not overtly realised into their glosses: せぬ = s-e-n-u-∅ = do-LK-NEG-NPS-PRED している = s-i-て-i-る-∅ = do-LK-PTCL-CONT-NPS-PRED At this point they are no longer identical, but the very categories of 助動詞 and 補助動詞 are no longer consistent within themselves either (if they ever were to begin with). The truth is that conventional grammatical categories are a compromise between accuracy and practicity: are 助動詞 and 補助動詞 the same? At a certain degree of compromise, yes; at another, no. And as you play around with the north of your compass, they may grow as far apart from themselves as they do from each other. CONT=Continuous aspect LK= Interfix, here the stem's vowel. NEG=Negative NPS=Non-past PTCL=Particle PRED=Predicative |
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| (show/hide 24 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
[sl]
▶ just friends ▶ no romantic interest ▶ [lit] no pulse
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| 7. | A 2025-12-22 20:25:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | OK |
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| 6. | A* 2025-12-22 12:44:29 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 脈なし │ 9,402 │ 64.8% │ │ 脈無し │ 3,115 │ 21.5% │ │ 脈ナシ │ 2,000 │ 13.8% │ add ╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| Comments: | i don't think the x-ref makes sense either also since not in official refs [sl] seems more appropriate |
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| Diff: | @@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>脈ナシ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -16 +20 @@ -<misc>&col;</misc> +<misc>&sl;</misc> |
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| 5. | A 2025-09-04 13:28:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 脈なし 9402 75.1% 脈無し 3115 24.9% |
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| Comments: | A bit too common for sK. I think that xref is OK. |
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| Diff: | @@ -9 +8,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +15 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2833599">脈無し病</xref> |
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| 4. | A* 2025-09-04 11:37:21 | |
| Comments: | the xref doesn't make sense |
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| Diff: | @@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2833599">脈無し病</xref> |
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| 3. | A* 2025-09-04 11:36:30 | |
| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[exp]
[uk,dated]
《after the -te form of a verb》 ▶ please do (for me) |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-23 23:45:09 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think [dated] is sufficient. "used as role language" applies to dated language as a whole. |
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| 4. | A* 2025-12-23 10:05:51 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | *Nikkoku: お‐く・れる 【御呉】 〔他ラ下一〕 (「お」は接頭語) (1)(話し手にものを)与えるの意の尊敬語。「おくれ」の形で用いて、与えてくれることを望む意にいう。 (2)(動詞の連用形に「て」を添えた形に付いて、補助動詞として用いる)ある事柄をしてくれるの意にいう。多く「…ておくれ」の形で用い、願望の気持を表わす。 歌舞伎・幼稚子敵討〔1753〕二「真実聞てをくれるか。コレ、聞てをくれるなら、御誓言でちょっと承り度ふござります」 滑稽本・浮世風呂〔1809〜13〕前・上「おぢさんが折角うめてお呉(クレ)だは」 *https://sucra.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/19927/files/KY-AA11946779-20-05.pdf ”本稿の考察対象である「~ておくれ」とは,動詞等のテ形に接頭辞「お」, そして「くれる」の連用形が後接したものである” ”2 つ目は,現代小説の会話文における,「~ておくれ」を用いる人物の特徴に ついての分析である.以下の 5 つの特徴を挙げている. a.老年男性 b.中年以上の女性 c.田舎の人物 d.江戸時代の人物 e.平安時代・戦国時代の人物 (森 2018:262,項目名のみ抜粋)” Main conclusion points of the paper (I didn't read all 21 pages): "①主に創作物のセリフなどにおいて役割語的に(キャラクター演出・時代 演出に)用いる行為指示表現.また,特別な表現効果を狙って用いる自 己演出のための行為指示表現. ②主に書き言葉(打ちことば)で当為や願望,祈願を表す表現." *https://ja.hinative.com/questions/4073981 Answer 1 [...] "しておくれ"は丁寧なお願いです。特に文学作品で老人によく使われてますが、若い人は口語では使わないです。 [...] Answer 2 〜してくれ=してください のていねいじゃない言い方。命令のよう。 〜しておくれ=〜してください と同じ意味だが、古い言い方。時代劇や昔話で使われる。 * There are a staggering 746 results for the sequence{て}{お〘語彙素=御〙}{〘語彙素=呉れる〙}in the CHJ (Corpus of historial Japanese), and a respectable 268 in the BCCWJ. But throughout all 話し言葉 corpora there is but one hit. . |
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| Comments: | Can't have an xref since we don't have an entry for お呉れる. I think I've heard it maybe once or twice somewhere, I can't recall exactly where but I think it was in an anime. [dated] seems reasonable. Maybe having a note like [note="primarily used in written language or as role language"] would be helpful (We have an entry for 役割語). Also thought about a [form] tag, but that may not be wholly appropriate. |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref> |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-22 22:44:02 | |
| Comments: | "for one" makes no sense surely this is dated? I have seen it in a Taisho period manga but nowhere else |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1269130">呉れる・3</xref> +<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref> @@ -15 +15 @@ -<misc>&fam;</misc> +<misc>&dated;</misc> @@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>please do (for one)</gloss> +<gloss>please do (for me)</gloss> |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-04 07:02:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I've indexed 4 sentences. |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-02 03:03:13 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Just some examples for magnitude: しておくれ 81229 やっておくれ 9083 見ておくれ 8016 見せておくれ 7017 *possibly* derived from おくれなさい, but that's incidental. Unlike おいで, *not* [abbr] おくれなさい 287 しておくれなさい 23 してお呉れ 143 86.7% やってお呉れ 0 0.0% 見せてお呉れ 0 0.0% 見てお呉れ 22 13.3% 見せておくれ とはどういう意味ですか? https://ja.hinative.com/questions/16922878 見せてください。 ただし、私たちは日常会話では「見せておくれ」を使用しません。 Grammar detail: ておくれ https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/ておくれ 〜ておくれ is sometimes encountered as an imperative form of a verb. Its similarity to several other constructions can be confusing: is it something to do with ておく? Is it connected with 遅れる (to be late)? Is it a kana form of the set expression 手遅れ (be too late)? Is it a mistyped version of 手をくれ? In fact, it is none of these - it is a 'softened' form of the てくれる form, used as an imperative. The 〜てくれる form is used to indicate receiving something, so the imperative form 〜てくれ effectively means 'give me ~' or 'do ~ for me'. However, since that sounds somewhat abrupt, the お is used in a similar way as the honorific お in おみせ 店 to 'soften' the sound a little and make it a little less harsh. |
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| Comments: | The structure of this entry mirrors お出で[2], and I think the grammar is related. Also matches およし a little bit, but this entry is far more useful. Encountered in a folk talk. "(please) Kindly take care of the kids (for me)". 子供を可愛がってやっておくれ I wouldn't suggest if this was general grammar, but this seems like a relatively special/fossilized usage of the verb 呉れる in particular. As noted in the refs, confusion over encountering おくれ is a common experience. Would be helpful if a search for "おくれ" turned up something definitive. Japanese teacher says well-understood, old-timey feel. Maybe her grandparents might have used it. Ref notes: "〜ておくれ can sound a bit emotional, tender, or even desperate, depending on the context." "Outside of literature, drama, or songs, hearing someone use おくれ in everyday conversation would feel old-fashioned. " That said, it seems used a lot on twitter, perhaps playfully. Several hits *per hour*. Don't know if it's a revival from mass-media, or if it never went away. https://x.com/search?q="見せておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live https://x.com/search?q="やっておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live |
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| 1. |
[exp,adj-i]
▶ shivering with cold or fear |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 04:14:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 歯の根が合わない 1280 歯の根が合わなく 286 歯の根が合わず 200 |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>to shiver with cold or fear</gloss> +<gloss>shivering with cold or fear</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-21 18:36:41 buryoutougen | |
| Refs: | https://kotobank.jp/word/歯の根が合わない-597794#w-597794 |
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| Comments: | There might be a better way to phrase the definition. |
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| 1. |
[exp,v5s]
▶ to make up for lost time ▶ to make up for a delay ▶ to catch up (on) |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 03:56:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-21 23:44:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, prog, wisdom 遅れを取り戻す 25,285 94.6% おくれを取り戻す 692 2.6% 遅れをとりもどす 380 1.4% 後れを取り戻す 164 0.6% 遅れを取戻す 127 0.5% 遅れを取りもどす 74 0.3% |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ signer ▶ signatory |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 05:28:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 01:21:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, prog, luminous, RP |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ signed book ▶ autographed book
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 05:28:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 01:24:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, prog 署名本 11,504 サイン本 68,722 |
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| 1. |
[n]
{law}
▶ Trademark Act |
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| 3. | A 2025-12-22 05:40:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-22 05:30:01 | |
| Refs: | I see we did this for 会社法: [1][n][fld=law] corporate law; company law [2][n][fld=law] Companies Act |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 05:29:19 Marcus Richert | |
| Refs: | 商標法 83499 nikk daijs etc. https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/ja/laws/view/45 |
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| Comments: | but could also generally be "trademark law" I guess. |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ (electric) rice warmer
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| 4. | A 2025-12-24 05:22:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-23 00:44:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I don't think it's slang. The online refs don't describe it as slang. We haven't tagged 炊飯ジャー (which is in GG5) as [sl]. |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<misc>&sl;</misc> |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:49:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 08:17:01 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | pixiv, jitsuyo Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────╮ │ 電子ジャー │ 11,431 │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────╯ |
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| 1. |
[n]
{Buddhism}
▶ vetala ▶ corpse demon ▶ corpse ghost ▶ ghoul |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:57:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Buddhdic, RP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetala |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>corspe demon</gloss> +<field>&Buddh;</field> +<gloss>vetala</gloss> +<gloss>corpse demon</gloss> +<gloss>corpse ghost</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 11:38:29 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://kotobank.jp/word/屍鬼-1329088#w-1329088:~:text=世界大百科事典(旧版)内の屍鬼の言及 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーー─┬────────╮ │ 屍鬼 │ 19,673 │ ╰─ーー─┴────────╯ |
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| Comments: | originally buddhist term that became very popular in connection to the horror novel/anime adaption but also used independently |
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| 1. |
[n]
{food, cooking}
▶ chestnut yōkan
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 21:49:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 中辞典, etc. |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 11:50:26 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | daijr/s, meikyo, etc. |
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| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
{food, cooking}
▶ powdered bean paste ▶ dried bean paste
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 20:38:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 11:59:40 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | sankoku, daijr/s, gg5, meikyo, etc. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ さらし餡 │ 1,686 │ 36.1% │ │ 晒し餡 │ 192 │ 4.1% │ i pretty much see only さらしあん or さらし餡 used, rK seems justified │ 晒しあん │ 36 │ 0.8% │ │ 晒餡 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ さらしあん │ 2,752 │ 59.0% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| 1. |
[n]
{food, cooking}
▶ chestnut white bean paste
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| 2. |
[n]
{food, cooking}
▶ chestnut red bean paste
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:51:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 12:05:40 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | daijr/s, gg5, etc. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 栗あん │ 14,233 │ 54.0% │ │ 栗餡 │ 9,848 │ 37.4% │ │ くり餡 │ 74 │ 0.3% │ │ くりあん │ 2,209 │ 8.4% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ |
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| 1. |
[n]
{food, cooking}
▶ bean daifuku ▶ mame daifuku
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 20:13:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | KOD |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 12:09:35 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | daijr/s, koj, etc. |
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| 1. |
[n]
[sl]
▶ just friends ▶ no romantic interest ▶ [lit] zero pulse
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:36:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Not very common. |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 12:47:48 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | google results e.g. https://news.mynavi.jp/article/teachingpractice-26/ https://honkaku-uranai.jp/cp_zap/anzai_zap/input/az0201a.html |
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| 1. |
[n]
{sports}
▶ transfer window (in soccer) |
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| 3. | A 2025-12-22 22:53:55 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_window |
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| Comments: | Specifically in soccer. I don't think the x-ref is needed. |
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| Diff: | @@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1158330">移籍・2</xref> @@ -18,2 +17 @@ -<gloss>transfer window</gloss> -<gloss>specific period in which player transfers are permitted</gloss> +<gloss>transfer window (in soccer)</gloss> |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:30:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 移籍ウィンドウ 23 移籍ウインドウ 0 |
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| Diff: | @@ -4,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>移籍ウィンドウ</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -5,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -8 +12 @@ -<reb>いせきウインドウ</reb> +<reb>いせきウィンドウ</reb> @@ -11,0 +16 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1158330">移籍・2</xref> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 14:15:09 | |
| Refs: | https://www.football7society.com/transfer-window-guide/ |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ rear guard ▶ rear guard unit
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:25:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Yes, 殿+部隊 not 殿部+隊. |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 14:15:39 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | description in https://www.cmoa.jp/title/270467 https://serai.jp/hobby/1122970 |
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| Comments: | A+B but useful to avoid accidentally looking up 殿部/でんぶ redundant but seems still used (esp. in anime, movies, etc.) as しんがり by itself is not exactly ubiquitous |
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| 1. |
[n]
{biology}
▶ zygote
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 20:04:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 14:27:54 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 接合体 │ 10,834 │ 87.1% │最新医学大辞典 第2版, Daijs, Daijr, Luminous │ 接合子 │ 1,603 │ 12.9% │We have this ╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ |
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| 1. |
[n]
{genetics}
▶ homozygote
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 20:06:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 14:31:46 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ ホモ接合体 │ 1,956 │ 91.1% │We have this │ 同型接合体 │ 191 │ 8.9% │This; 最新医学大辞典 第2版, Nanzando, 岩波 生物学辞典 第4版 ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ con artist ▶ swindler who tricks victims with false narratives |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 21:54:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 |
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| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>con artist</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 14:44:23 <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | From 詐欺 page on Wikipedia: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/詐欺 詐話師(さわし)とは、作り話を主体にした詐欺師のこと。関西で「鹿追」と呼ばれる詐欺の手口が関東に伝わった際に「詐話師」と呼ばれるようになったとされる。 Out of curiosity I found 鹿追 defined here: https://shorturl.at/RV9kA 共犯者の多数を客のように見せかけインチキ賭博をさせて金を捲き上げること Definition of 詐話 from the same source (隠語大辞典): https://www.weblio.jp/content/詐話 corpus counts 詐話 1802 詐話師 1355 |
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| Comments: | I came across the word 詐話 in a novel. Character A saved character B's life, but only because they are cooperating in a life-threatening game, and the loss of B hurts A's chances of survival. A helps others for the sake of survival rather than moral or sentimental reasons, which they describe as 詐話. This description comes full circle when A later betrays and kills B without hesitation as a necessary act to survive. I was going to submit 詐話 as an entry but I was able to find more on 詐話師, which the Wikipedia article says is used in crime novels. (Except from Wikipedia: 特定の手法ではなく「壮大な作り話をする詐欺師」の呼称として犯罪小説などで使われるようになった。) |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ shōnen manga ▶ boys' comics ▶ manga aimed a younger male audience |
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| 3. | A 2025-12-26 23:09:56 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 少年マンガ 37,529 少年まんが 4,752 |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>少年マンガ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>少年まんが</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 20:33:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 16:11:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5, jawiki, eij https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shōnen_manga https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/shonen https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/shonen 少年漫画 213,530 |
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| 1. |
[n]
{sports}
▶ loan deal ▶ loan of a player (to another team) |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 21:50:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | KOD |
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| Diff: | @@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>loan of a player (to another team)</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 17:05:14 | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/期限付き移籍 |
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| 1. |
[n]
Source lang:
kor "donghae"
▶ East Sea (Korean name for the Sea of Japan)
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:22:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Good |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 20:35:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Split from 1447590. The sens tag probably isn't needed, especially if we're leading with the Korean reading. |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ variable-mix variable-volume production |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 22:00:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://www.fa.omron.co.jp/solution/technology-trends/varietyvariableproduction/ 変種変量生産 1451 |
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| Comments: | Not obvious |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 21:54:35 <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://smart-factory.funaisoken.co.jp/250603/#1 https://www.smartmat.io/column/production_management/8205 https://shiozawa-k.co.jp/en/technology/terminology/variable-mix-variable-volume-production.html |
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| Comments: | I had to learn this term when translating manufacturing magazines |
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| 1. |
[place]
▶ Kashiwazaki Kariwa |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-24 05:27:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | In the news. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> |
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| 4. | A* 2025-12-23 23:04:32 | |
| Diff: | @@ -11 +11 @@ -<misc>&company;</misc> +<misc>&place;</misc> |
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| 3. | A 2025-12-23 04:39:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-22 23:50:32 | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柏崎刈羽原子力発電所 |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,2 +8 @@ -<reb>かしさきかりわ</reb> -<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> +<reb>かしわざきかりわ</reb> |
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| 1. | A 2023-05-08 23:47:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Adding spec1 -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> |
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| 1. |
[work]
▶ One Piece (manga series and media franchise) |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-22 20:09:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-22 15:57:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | "popular" is redundant. |
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| Diff: | @@ -10 +10 @@ -<gloss>One Piece (popular manga series)</gloss> +<gloss>One Piece (manga series and media franchise)</gloss> |
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| 3. | A 2023-05-07 06:33:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Adding spec1 -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> |
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| 2. | A 2015-01-27 05:40:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2015-01-26 22:28:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | See JMdict 1149240. |
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| 1. |
[work]
▶ One Piece (manga series and media franchise) (abbr) |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-22 20:09:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-22 16:03:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONE_PIECE >> 略称は「ワンピ」。 https://dic.pixiv.net/a/ワンピ https://onepiece.fandom.com/ja/wiki/ONE_PIECE |
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