aligning

@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>vegetable oil</gloss>

See my comments on the サラダ油 entry.
We usually don't bother with [sk] on the nakaguro versions.

@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -15 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>(refined, neutral-flavored) vegetable oil (e.g. soybean, canola, corn, etc.)</gloss>

サラダ油	416298	91.2%
サラダオイル	40223	8.8%
サラダ・オイル	169	0.0%
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/サラダ油
サラダ油（サラダゆ、サラダあぶら）またはサラダ・オイル (salad oil)

See comments at xref.　I was convinced this was waseigo for a bit, that's how odd "salad oil" sounded to me.  But 70 years ago it was apparently more standard.

If you actually want to buy サラダオイル, you'll need the xref to find it in the grocery store.

@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13,4 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1853150">サラダ油</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1853150">サラダ油</xref>
+<field>&food;</field>
+<gloss>(refined, neutral-flavored) vegetable oil (e.g. soybean, canola, corn, etc.)</gloss>

Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>サラダ・オイル</reb>

I don't mind leaving it as rare. Just so long as it has an indication that it's not in common use.

Can you stop referring to what you've been told by LLMs at every single turn, Brian? They're extremwly unreliable.

https://chatgpt.com/share/694a29d6-94e4-8008-84da-11affdde11a8
1. Did Japanese ever naturally use テンション = mental strain?

Not really.

Unlike the physics sense, which had a stable technical niche, the psychological “strain” sense:

was imported conceptually from English

appeared sporadically in:

* translations
* academic or pseudo-academic prose
* non-native or heavily Westernized writing
* never fully entered everyday Japanese

never replaced 緊張, which already did the job perfectly

So there is no historical stage where:
テンション = 心理的緊張
was normal, idiomatic Japanese and then later disappeared.

Without that “normal → obsolete” lifecycle, archaic is the wrong diagnosis.

...
4. Better labels (lexicographically honest)

Depending on your tagging system, better options are:
[rare]
[non-idiomatic]
[translationese]
[foreign-influenced]
[academic / calque]

====
A 1990 reader would interpret テンションが高まる as “mental strain” only if:
The text is:
academic / clinical / translated
clearly influenced by English or German

The surrounding vocabulary strongly primes strain:
神経
緊迫
ストレス
心理的負荷

The author is not writing idiomatic Japanese, but mapping a foreign conceptual framework.

A native author writing naturally in 1990 would still choose:
緊張が高まる
精神的緊張が強まる
不安が増す

I just cannot find any evidence at all for the "mental strain" sense(I don't mean from LLMs, I mean from anywhere, and I have tried). 

[dated] suggests to me that at least some older Japanese people would understand [3] in context.  But I have been unable to find any such examples. [dated] also admits the possibility at テンションが上がる might be ambiguous in meaning in a 30 year old text.  That does not appear to be the case either.

chatgpt also disliked "anxiety" when I was doing the edit. This is a direct translation out of daijs: 精神的な緊張。また、不安。 Chatgpt thinks this is a very narrow, specific type of anxiety. But ultimately I couldn't confirm any nuance for [3] because there are no examples of [3] anywhere. This seems like one of those "direct translation from the dictionary" glosses that are notoriously imprecise.

LLM analysis is of course not definitive.  But unless anyone can find any evidence to the contrary (I could not), [rare] seems like better guidance to me.

@@ -24 +24 @@
-<misc>&dated;</misc>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>

Perhaps this is more appropriate ("never used with this meaning in modern Japanese").

@@ -24 +24 @@
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<misc>&dated;</misc>

If not [psych], then [rare] is surely accurate.

I tried the usual book searches, logical collocated keyword searches, etc. I begged my LLMs to find me a single example of [3], and they simply told me it's essentially never used with this meaning in modern Japanese.  Absent evidence to the contrary, [rare] seems safe and preferable.

I guess I only gave the nod to [psych] at all in deference to daijs. I'll be more careful about that.

@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>

@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>fair</gloss>
@@ -21 +22 @@
-<gloss>reasonable (e.g. judgment, policy, response, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonable (judgment, policy, response, etc.)</gloss>

Yes, splitting senses is, er, reasonable.

@@ -14,2 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>reasonable (only of a price, fee, fare, rate, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>reasonably priced (e.g. hotel, meal, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonable (price, fee, fare, rate, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonably priced</gloss>
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<gloss>sensible</gloss>

*potentially* non-price collocations suggested by gemini:
リーズナブルな価格	401287	99.9%
リーズナブルな判断	58	0.0%  
リーズナブルな対応	64	0.0%
リーズナブルな説明	35	0.0%
リーズナブルな水準	139	0.0%
リーズナブルな要求	33	0.0%

Even among these, the meaning is frequently [1]
https://miraitech.co.jp/strength/
...柔軟でリーズナブルな対応が可能です。 "we can respond flexibly without driving up costs".
https://midori-bunen.com/?page_id=41
標準的でリーズナブルな対策です This is a standard and affordable solution./“cost-effective solution”

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affordable
Able to be afforded; inexpensive or reasonably priced. 

reverso is not giving counts, so I expanded about 50 pages of results and counted:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/リーズナブル
reasonable 151
reasonably 66
reasonably priced 58
affordable 70
affordable prices 29
cheap 21
inexpensive 9
economical 7
low price 5
best price 3
value price 3
fair 7, almost all false-positives

One sense only:
https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/リーズナブル
価格が割安である様子。

https://hinative.com/questions/19857521
American people use reasonable for 1.having sound judgment and 2. not too expensive, but Japanese people cannot understand 1 meaning.
あなたの意見はリーズナブルだ ← Japanese people cannot understand.

Two posts complaining that リーズナブル shouldn't mean 安い.  Which indicates that it largely does:
https://x.com/makoto_B/status/1855402461286318299
https://x.com/hanya___ko/status/1676756992021639169
And a whole blog post opining on the subject:
https://note.com/good_sedum896/n/n98d796454480

Chatgpt translations of some collocations:
1. Applied directly to a "price" noun:
リーズナブルな価格 400870 — a reasonable price
リーズナブルな運賃 108677— a reasonable fare
リーズナブルな料金 106454 — a reasonable fee / reasonable rates
リーズナブルなプライス 11238— a reasonable price

2. Applied directly to a good or service:
リーズナブルなホテル 16609— a reasonably priced hotel
リーズナブルなお店 10495— a reasonably priced shop
リーズナブルな商品 10102— a reasonably priced product
リーズナブルな宿 7515 — a reasonably priced accommodation

False positives:
リーズナブルな男性	151
actual match:
リーズナブルな男性用カミソリ product
抗菌・防臭を施したリーズナブルな男性用白衣 product
...

リーズナブルな理由	206 False positives:
キャリートの料金がリーズナブルな理由 price
適正価格へのこだわり-天然素材なのにリーズナブルな理由  price
プロ講師でもリーズナブルな理由とは。 ... price

In 2018 [1] was simplified with the explanation "Usually refers to prices but doesn't have to."  Technically true, but...

リーズナブル is so strongly [1] that even collocations you might assume are [2] are actually still [1]. リーズナブルな対策 or リーズナブルな対応, for example, are often "Cost-effective measures", or "affordable service"(2 examples in refs). Even google translate will give "cost-effective" in some contexts.  Most people would not guess this. Breaking out [2] as [rare] gives some guidance.  

I showed the daijs definition (論理などが妥当なさま)[2] to one Japanese teacher and she was shocked to read it.  Another speaker remarked "probably Japanese people who know a lot of English might say this".  Not a sense commonly used in daily life.

[2] shows up in some articles fiscal policy(i.e. リーズナブルな水準 for the strength of the yen). Specialists throwing around English jargon. Still not that common.

"affordable" actually ties "reasonably priced" on reverso.  This matches the nuance reported to me. Wiktionary defines with 割安, "comparatively cheap", "economical" (i.e. affordable...).  Google translate alternates between "reasonably priced", "affordable", and a couple variations.

リーズナブル does not generally apply to people (NOT: "a reasonable man").

"fair" matches the English nuance, but not so much the Japanese one(安い).

@@ -14,2 +14,10 @@
-<gloss>reasonable (esp. of a price)</gloss>
-<gloss>fair</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonable (only of a price, fee, fare, rate, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>reasonably priced (e.g. hotel, meal, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>affordable</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>reasonable (e.g. judgment, policy, response, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>appropriate</gloss>
+<gloss>sound</gloss>

Seems OK.

gg5
luminous: だれにも後れを取りたくない I don't want to be beaten by anybody.

I understand the reasoning but I still think "to be beaten" works in some contexts, e.g. in the sense of being beaten to the punch. Also, "遅れを取っている" could be translated as "being beaten (in some aspect)".

@@ -29,0 +30 @@
+<gloss>to be outdistanced</gloss>
@@ -31 +31,0 @@
-<gloss>to be defeated</gloss>

I meant to say that I wrote the previous thinking about a fistfight but somehow forgot
but yes, I think "defeat" is too definite, that the fight is still in progress
it will *probably* lead to a defeat though

I think I understand huixing's argument, that these two glossses are not accurate
accurate would be whatever the opposite of "to have the upper hand" is, i.e. that you are "down on points" so to speak,
that you look like you're losing, but _have not lost yet_ and can in fact regain the lead, to make an upset
(compare the situation to a race where you are 100m behind the lead runner)
I'd prefer something like "to be losing" or "to be on the verge of defeat" to these two if there are no better options around

試合終了	492,134
生産終了	248,994

@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<gloss>conclusion</gloss>

daijr/s, meikyo

@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1202760">開始</xref>

Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -18,0 +19,2 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

Smk, GendaiRK (also has a nice table comparing 体言 and 用言)

.

Please see my recent edit to 用言.

@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1546260">用言</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1546260">用言</xref>
@@ -13 +15 @@
-<gloss>indeclinable nominal (in Japanese)</gloss>
+<gloss>uninflectable nominal (in Japanese)</gloss>

daijr
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/体言

@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
-<gloss>uninflected word</gloss>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>indeclinable nominal (in Japanese)</gloss>

gg5
遅咲き	133,568	98.4%	
遅咲	2,179	1.6%

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -19,0 +21 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +23,5 @@
+<gloss>blooming late</gloss>
+<gloss>flowering late</gloss>
+<gloss>blossoming late</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -22,2 +29,2 @@
-<gloss>late blooming (flower, talent)</gloss>
-<gloss>late flowering</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>being a late bloomer (of an athlete, author, etc.)</gloss>

@@ -22,1 +22,1 @@
-<gloss>late blooming (flower or talent)</gloss>
+<gloss>late blooming (flower, talent)</gloss>

GG5 ジーニアス 新解さん
3,500,000 遅咲き
  260,000 遅咲

* Add pos [adj-no]
* Add “talent” e.g. to gloss (as in GG5)
* Add spelling 遅咲 w/o okurigana

@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>遅咲</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -17,0 +20,1 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -18,2 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>late flower</gloss>
-<gloss>late blooming</gloss>
+<gloss>late blooming (flower or talent)</gloss>
+<gloss>late flowering</gloss>

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>

digital daijisen https://kotobank.jp/word/聴解-2095457

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>

Let's do that (moving "East Sea" to a separate トンヘ entry). とうかい can be a secondary reading.
We wouldn't typically have [poet] and [arch] on the same sense. I added [arch] in this case because the JEs and kokugos don't have this meaning. I wouldn't object to dropping [poet].

@@ -21,7 +21 @@
-<gloss>(the) eastern sea</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1464470">日本海</xref>
-<misc>&sens;</misc>
-<gloss>East Sea (Korean name for the Sea of Japan)</gloss>
+<gloss>eastern sea</gloss>

＊Kojien: ⑤（Tonghae）朝鮮で、日本海の称。トンヘ。

＊ＫＯＤ追加語彙 for 東海：〔日本海に対する韓国の呼称〕 ⇒トンヘ.

トンヘ【東海】 外字(tonhe)
〔日本海に対する韓国の呼称〕 the East Sea.


＊新語時事用語辞典 about トンヘ：

「朝鮮語における「東海」の読み方。主に、韓国が「日本海」に替わる呼称として主張している海域名のこと。
韓国は1990年代以降、「日本海」の呼び名を「東海」の呼称に訂正するようにと国際的なキャンペーンを行っている。それに起因する一連の問題は「日本海呼称問題」などと呼ばれている。
日本海は英語では「Sea of Japan」と表記される。東海は「East Sea」であるが、「East Sea（of Korea）」と暗に韓国の国名を含んだ呼び名である。なお、日本語の「東海」に日本そのものを指す意味もある。」 

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

Most kokugos have the first sense "❶東の方にある海。"
Compare Meikyo:
❶東の方にある海。
❷本州中央部のうち、太平洋側の地方。ふつう静岡・愛知・三重の三県と岐阜県の南部をいう。東海地方。
❸「東海道」の略。⇒東海道

And the references that also have the [poet] sense have both.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
東海道 sense is in Meikyo, Sankoku, Oukoku, etc.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
Chuujiten also has this:
とうかい1【東海】
	【地名】 Donghai (トンハイ) 《中国江蘇省北部の県》

.

I suggest the "East Sea" sense be split out with トンヘ as the primary reading with a [lsrc] tag.
(Would it then still possible to have とうかい as a secondary reading?)

Adding two more senses from GG5 and the smaller kokugos.

Not sure if we should have [poet,arch], they are largely similar. Though I guess just dropping one of them is kind of arbitrary too.
Compare Stephen's comment in 1877000:

"There's a significant overlap between poetic and archaic words. 
To make matters more confusing, the [arch] tag in JMdict is used both on archaic words that are still used in modern Japanese and archaic words that are obsolete. "

@@ -20,0 +21,4 @@
+<gloss>(the) eastern sea</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -23,0 +28,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1447620">東海道</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>Tōkaidō (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)</gloss>

is the "(Korean) East Sea" sense really appropriate?
none of the refs have it and the articles i'm seeing really only have it in the context of how 東海 (pronounced donghae) is used in south korea
i'm also seeing an additional "[abbr] 東海道" sense in some kokugos
there's also "JR東海" (not in refs)

@@ -17,2 +17 @@
-<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu</gloss>
-<gloss>incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss>
+<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu; incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss>

Wiktionary describes it as a 美称. The kokugos say it's simply a 異称. The smaller kokugos don't have this sense.
Appears to be somewhat archaic.

@@ -16,2 +16,3 @@
-<gloss>Tōkai region</gloss>
-<gloss g_type="expl">region south of Tokyo on the Pacific Ocean side of Japan</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1447610">東海地方</xref>
+<gloss>Tōkai region (of Honshu</gloss>
+<gloss>incl. Aichi, Shizuoka, Mie and southern Gifu prefectures)</gloss>
@@ -27,0 +29 @@
+<misc>&arch;</misc>

OK

https://massif.la/ja/search?q=半面
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/半面


Since it kind of got overshadowed before, I'm gonna put the BCCWJ data here once more:

"（４）BCCWJ (Counts in brackets are for 反面):
半面 has 250 counts in total (1069)

Sense one:
｛〘活用形＝連体形〙｝｛半面｝＝ 58 (456)
｛〘活用形＝連体形〙｝｛半面｝｛、｝＝ 45 (314)

Sense two:
｛、｝｛半面｝＝ 21 (117)
｛、｝｛半面｝｛、｝＝ 7 (68)
｛。｝｛半面｝＝  72 (100)
｛。｝｛半面｝｛、｝＝ 63 (62)
｛〘品詞＝連体詞〙｝｛半面｝＝ 42 (212)
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

That's 157 (45 + 7 + 63 + 42) out of 250 hits for conjunctive usage (I didn't use the counts for｛。｝｛半面｝and｛、｝｛半面｝on purpose, as they could technically include false hits for noun usage). That makes 62.8% of total usage.
Based on that I put the conjunctive senses first, as in the 反面 entry."

.

Both massif and reverso examples show that the conjunctive usage makes up the largest part of total usage.
In case it hasn't been noted yet, the BCCWJ data also supports this.


I get that it's currently only sankoku explicitly marking these senses, but I believe they're on the right track here.
Them also being treated as basically the same grammatical constructs in Brian's Waseda grammar textbook could technically serve as another reference here too.


I think if these two senses were to not lead, we also couldn't reasonably have these [rare] tags on the other senses. Since it's really a comparative rarity and not an absolute one.
And less stark than with 反面 at that.

I've been concerned about those proposed first two senses. After all, they're not in most references. I've come round to accepting them, although I'd be more comfortable if they didn't lead. I'll approve and leave open for a while.

No worries, I figured that something along those lines had happened.

＞So my [2] was the previous [2].  I only meant to say that the grammatical usage was far more common than all of these [rare] noun senses, and this term is not itself [rare]. Right now it looks like it is.

Thanks

＞So, yes, to be clear, my belief is that the grammatical senses of 反面 should be all be copy/pasted straight into this entry with xrefs (maybe just one way, from here to there).  They should probably be the leading senses.  

Good, that's what I had proposed as well. I didn't think the usage of conjunctive 半面 vs 反面 was marginal enough to be reduced to a hidden form and a note in 反面. I've put the two senses from my edit back and left Jims additions from the previous edit in place.

＞And who knows, we might even decide there is a subtle nuance meriting slight deviation in the glosses.  If not today, maybe tomorrow.

I actually had something like this in mind when I put "(but) at the same time" first in sense two. It's quite the minor change, but why not.


If this is approved, the incoming xref from 半顔 will need to be aligned.
And 半面 + the note would need to be removed from 反面.

@@ -15,0 +16,21 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1006940">その半面</xref>
+<gloss>(but) at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>on the other hand</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>

偏斜	79

Nikk: かたよっていてななめなこと。正しくないこと。ななめ。はす。
Their only example is written in kanbun (which I can't read), and appears to be from the Tang dynasty.

As far as I can see this is only in Nikkoku. Needs a tag

@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>declination</gloss>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>obliqueness</gloss>
@@ -13,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>slantedness</gloss>

Maybe this.

@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<gloss>formal name</gloss>

nikk: ① 表立った名前。表面上・形式上の名称。
koj: ③ 表面上の名前。

basically I think the 表立った part is missing from the definition but I'm out of ideas

GG5, etc.

Tweaking a little.

@@ -22 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>name (esp. on a deed, contract, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>name (esp. on a deed, contract, work, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>published name</gloss>

isn't this also used to describe a writer's/musician's/other's name used for a publication?

you can find literally thousands of examples on wikipedia, mostly artist names:
2018年から2021年まではR（あーる）名義で活動していた。
1990年にあんしんパパ名義で発売された、
旧名義は高橋 未奈美（読みは同じ）。
6枚目ベストアルバム『39 Very much』まではKinKi Kids名義。
サンタナ・ブラザーズ名義のアルバムを発表。
1970年（昭和45年）8月19日にサン化学へ名義変更した。

I'd recommend something like "name one is using" or "public name" or "published name"

兄さんが父さん名義でこの学園に支払った入学金、寄付金、年間授業料をあわせると１０００万くらいは行ったらしい。 (here: using father's name)

I think inflection is the more appropriate term.

Meikyo: 自立語のうち、活用があって単独で述語となるもの。動詞・形容詞・形容動詞の類。
Smk: 〔日本語文法で〕活用語のうち、動詞・形容詞・形容動詞の総称。単独で述語になりうる。↔体言

etc.


＊ Consice Oxford Dictionary of linguistics:

Inflection: 
"Any form or change of form which distinguishes different
grammatical forms of the same lexical unit. E.g. plural books is
distinguished from singular book by the inflection -s, which is by that
token a plural inflection."

Conjugation:
"The inflection of verbs; also a class of verbs which share a
pattern of inflection"

⇒ i.e. subsumed under "inflection"


Declension:
"The inflection of nouns and other words whose categories
are similar. Also of a class of nouns etc. which share a characteristic
formal pattern of inflection. E.g. a ‘third declension’ noun in Latin is one
of a class whose genitive singular is in -is, dative and ablative plural in -
ibus, and so on."


Because oxford's definition of "declension" is a bit unspecific I have also consulted Webster's third international dictionary:

Declension: "noun, adjective or pronoun inflection"

⇒ i.e. also subsumed under "inflection"

.

"declinable word" is not a good gloss given the kokugo descriptions and the meaning in English as outlined above. 
To my knowledge "declension" is specifically used for case related changes of nouns, pronouns (and adjectives).
Thus Japanese doesn't even have "declension" in that sense.
Furthermore, "inflectable word" by itself is not sufficient because it also includes 助動詞, which 用言 does not.

As "inflection" is the most neutral and broad term at hand I suggest we use generally use it.

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1409450">体言</xref>
@@ -13,2 +14 @@
-<gloss>declinable word</gloss>
-<gloss>inflectable word</gloss>
+<gloss>independent inflectable word (in Japanese)</gloss>

Bulk convert ling to gramm
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
+<field>&gramm;</field>

daij, meikyo
晩成	39,216		
大器晩成	40,898

Doesn't refer to a person.

@@ -14 +13,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -16 +15,2 @@
-<gloss>a late bloomer</gloss>
+<gloss>succeeding later in life</gloss>
+<gloss>being a late bloomer</gloss>

Correct POS order
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -14 +14,0 @@
-<pos>&vi;</pos>

Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

GG5: 【文法】 the conjugation 《of verbs》; the declension 《of nouns》; the inflection 《of a word》.

Basically every kokugo.

Apart from Koj, which explains this term's range in European languages briefly, no other kokugo even mentions it (not even Nikkoku).
Just throwing this in here in case somebody wants to have an extra sense for 活用形 outside of Japanese.

.

Changing to "inflected".

I'm wondering if this should maybe include some mention of the six bases/inflections.
Since that doesn't shine through at all in this entry.

But I'm not quite sure how.
Here's my attempt at keeping it minimal.

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>conjugated form</gloss>
+<gloss>inflected word form (one of the six bases in Japanese)</gloss>

Bulk convert ling to gramm
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
+<field>&gramm;</field>

Lingdic: conjugational word

@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>inflectional word</gloss>

Meikyo: 活用する語。用言（動詞・形容詞・形容動詞）と助動詞の総称。
Shinsen: 活用する語。動詞・形容詞・形容動詞・助動詞。
Sankoku: 〘言〙活用のあることば。用言と助動詞。
Daijisen: 活用する単語。日本語では、動詞・形容詞・形容動詞・助動詞の総称。
Daijirin: 活用のある単語。動詞・形容詞・形容動詞・助動詞の総称。
学研国語大辞典:〔言語学・文法〕活用をする単語。動詞・形容詞・形容動詞・助動詞の総称。
Smk: 〔日本語文法で〕活用のある言葉。用言・助動詞の総称。
Luminous: 活用語 words that conjugate

No, not "inflected". GG5 is not accurate here.

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>inflected word (in Japanese)</gloss>
+<gloss>inflecting word (in Japanese)</gloss>

GG5: 【文法】 a conjugated [an inflected, a declined] word.

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>inflecting word (in Japanese)</gloss>
+<gloss>inflected word (in Japanese)</gloss>

Daijisen, Sankoku

.

Changing to "inflecting", also doesn't refer to a word that's already been inflected.

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>conjugated word</gloss>
+<gloss>inflecting word (in Japanese)</gloss>

Bulk convert ling to gramm
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
+<field>&gramm;</field>

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/コペルニクス的転回

wiki

Usually capitalized, adding tag

@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>Copernican revolution</gloss>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>Copernican Revolution</gloss>

GG5

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>explosive device</gloss>

https://kotobank.jp/word/火工品-461424#w-461424
https://kotobank.jp/jeword/火工品#w-3189136
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/火工品

火工品	4820

daijs, prog, wiki

Not sure where the current definition came from, I don't think it works here. I think this is probably better. Maybe "pyrotechnic device" or "pyrotechnic material" is better?

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>priming materials</gloss>
+<gloss>pyrotechnic</gloss>

OK

https://goiryoku.com/onomatopoeia/kukultu/

@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>くくっ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -15,0 +19,22 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>coo coo</gloss>
+<gloss>cooing</gloss>
+<gloss>sound of pigeons</gloss>
+<gloss>sound of doves</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>stifled laughter</gloss>
+<gloss>suppressed laughter</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>sound of snagging</gloss>

It needs just a little explanation).

@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>mwahahaha</gloss>
+<gloss>mwahahaha (evil laughter)</gloss>

https://m.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/detail/q1
3131660683
possibly m-sl

@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>evil laughter</gloss>
+<gloss>mwahahaha</gloss>

Entry created

reverso, eij

Not specifically a computing term.

@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -12,7 +13,5 @@
-<field>&comp;</field>
-<gloss>encapsulated type</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>closed type (e.g. headphones)</gloss>
-<gloss>sealed type</gloss>
+<gloss>sealed-type</gloss>
+<gloss>enclosed</gloss>
+<gloss>hermetic</gloss>
+<gloss>closed</gloss>
+<gloss>closed-back (headphones)</gloss>

@@ -18 +18 @@
-<gloss>sealed</gloss>
+<gloss>sealed type</gloss>

eij

@@ -14,0 +15,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>closed type (e.g. headphones)</gloss>
+<gloss>sealed</gloss>
+</sense>

Entry created

The EJs gloss "dovetail" as ありほぞ. I don't think it's needed here.
ほぞ穴 gets significantly more web hits.

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2587690">ホゾ穴</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2587690">ほぞ穴</xref>
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>dovetail</gloss>

More popular form.

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2587690">ほぞ穴</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2587690">ホゾ穴</xref>

Most kokugos have this word and kanji form.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 　枘接合 │    69 │ 23.4% │
│ ほぞ接合 │   155 │ 52.5% │
│ ホゾ接合 │    71 │ 24.1% │
├─ーーーー─┼───────┼───────┤
│ 　枘差し │    22 │  3.3% │
│ ほぞ差し │   441 │ 66.3% │
│ ホゾ差し │   202 │ 30.4% │
├─ーーーー─┼───────┼───────┤
│ 　枘穴　 │   113 │  1.0% │ - (entry 2587690)
│ ほぞ穴　 │ 4,918 │ 42.3% │
│ ホゾ穴　 │ 6,599 │ 56.7% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

Not sure this needs to be [rK]. The [uk] tag is probably enough.

@@ -6 +5,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>

＊１）Meikyo: ［接］〔新〕前に述べたことを理由として、その帰結を導く意を表す。
                  「明日から早朝練習だ。なので、早く寝た方がいいよ」
Please note that this differs from the Meikyo reference posted below, as this is from the third edition. Which I didn't yet have at the time of writing my initial submission.

＊２）Shinsen:［連語］〔断定の助動詞「だ」の連体形「な」に接続助詞「ので」がついたもの〕原因・理由をあらわす。…だから。
                    「大事なこと━、もう一度言います」

.

My point and proposal wasn't about your note in particular. Though I appreciate someone finally nudging it, as I'd somewhat forgotten about it myself.

＞"I thought that the usage of だから at the beginning of a sentence would be obvious, but I can see how there could be confusion, since なので is almost never used in that position."
What exactly are you referring to here? I don't quite understand.
The point is that for both だから and なので, but especially the latter, there are two "separate" use cases to look at (for だから there's also the third).
For なので compare ＊１ and ＊２. I won't regurgitate everything here, since the same gist can be taken from what's already been posted below.



Just to make it clear, I am proposing a 4 entry alignment of the なので・ので and だから・から pairs. 
They are all inconsistent right now, both with each other and with the kokugos (on top of the fact that the single sense in this current entry should have [exp,conj]). 
And a not insignificant amount of references take this approach.
Drafts of all four entries are in the pastebin below.


I totally understand why this proposal has been sitting here for this long. After all it spans four separate entries.
Another factor is the, in all likelihood, massive amount of sentences that would need to be indexed and reindexed following this string of edits.
I just want to note that if there is a way in which I could help working on these sentences, I'd gladly do so.


As stated below, the reason I put this forward only in form of a pastebin at first, was to not make it unnecessarily messy right off the bat.
However, as enough time has passed now in my eyes, I'm going to wait a bit after this reply to see if there are any new responses.
And if nothing new comes in, I'll (re)draft and submit my proposed edits and see how it goes. 
I would begin with only two edits, the なので and ので pair, to set things in motion.

I've only just seen this, and I apologize for not responding sooner.

I thought that the usage of だから at the beginning of a sentence would be obvious, but I can see how there could be confusion, since なので is almost never used in that position.

I'm just not sure how to explain that simply in a note. Maybe the entry for だから is already enough, since it clearly has a different meaning than なので? Maybe we could move up "that's why", "for that reason" on that entry?

Shinsen, sankoku, etc. :
㊀連語〔断定の助動詞「だ」の連体形「な」に接続助詞「ので」がついたもの〕原因・理由をあらわす。…だから。「大事なこと━、もう一度言います」
参考くだけた話しことばでは「なんで」となる。
㊁ナ接続前の文の内容を原因・理由として起こる結果を次の文で述べるときの言い方。だから。それで。「今日は仕事が休みだ。━、朝寝坊ができた」
参考「なので」は「だから」に比べて新しく使われ始めた接続詞で、書きことばとしてはまだ十分には浸透していない。

Sankoku: なんで〔話〕

Multiple references note that sentence initial usage of なので is rather colloquial compared to だから
Sankoku: 〔話しことばで使われ、二十世紀末から文章でも増えた用法〕
Meikyo: 《主に話し言葉で》〔俗〕
Smk: 〔口頭語的表現〕


Additional usage data (BCCWJ being the largest, and CEJC the smallest corpus of the three; obtained using 中納言):
BCCWJ = 現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス ~104mil words
CSJ = 日本語話し言葉コーパス ~7mil words
CEJC = 日本語日常会話コーパス ~4mil words

なので
Corpus; Sentence initial（接続詞）; Non-sentence initial（連語）
BCCWJ; 1520; 28176
CSJ; 105; 1566
CEJC; 146; 333

だから
Corpus; Sentence initial（接続詞）; Non-sentence initial（連語）
BCCWJ; 15041; 44070
CSJ; 1838; 2546
CEJC; 5858; 5085


.

First of all, なので isn't a parallel to から, but to だから. The only difference being that ので takes the 連体形 and から the 終止形, hence it not being だので.
There are really two cases to distinguish here.

1. なので as an conjunctive expression arising from the 連体形 of copula だ after nouns and な adjectives and the 連体形 bound conjunctive particle ので. This is only in references because it's not as obvious.
2. なので as a single conjunction used *at sentence beginning* like だから, which is a rather new usage as indicated by multiple references.


The corpus data further substantiates what the references have already established:
- なので as a 接続詞, i.e. at sentence beginning, is far less common than だから in the same position. In total counts and especially in relation to non-sentence initial usage
  - this also indicates more recent development for that sense in なので as it is not yet well represented in the existing corpi
- だから is more common than なので in spoken language
  - the sentence initial usage being higher than the non-sentence initial usage, in CEJC, is a good indicator for だから sense 3 in the pastebin, as such connotations are far easier supplied using tone
  - this potentially also speaks for the difference in objectivity, and subsequently formality, outlined in references
- non-sentence initial なので is less frequently used in daily conversation than だから

Though technically not necessary, multiple references have an entry for なので in non-sentence intial position, i.e. case one of the above. I believe it's probably worthwhile to have in a dictionary mainly catering towards foreigners learning the language, so as to not lead to ungrammaticalities.


I think the two respective pairs and all four entries, から・だから and ので・なので, can be improved and aligned for consistency. In the pastebin below I have a proposal with references for each of the four. I thought it'd be way less messy than starting four separate edits at the same time.

https://pastebin.com/hesz2mKY

I don't know if there's a way to enable others to participate in editing a paste there, probably not. But comments can be posted.

OK

Perhaps not. But it does add value by providing important grammatical context, particularly for beginners, since this is a な + の construction that applies specifically after nouns and na-adjectives.

I apologize, I must have misread parts of your proposal, because I didn't even notice the pastebin at first.

I don't have any real issue with splitting out separate senses for sentence-initial usage.

The only thing I'd note is that the sentence-initial senses should probably come second, not first.

For the だから entry in particular, I'd also avoid repeating "so" and "therefore," and I'm not entirely convinced by some of the more adverbial-sounding glosses. "That's why" and "for that reason" feel like a better tonal match though.

＊１）Meikyo: ［接］〔新〕前に述べたことを理由として、その帰結を導く意を表す。
                  「明日から早朝練習だ。なので、早く寝た方がいいよ」
Please note that this differs from the Meikyo reference posted below, as this is from the third edition. Which I didn't yet have at the time of writing my initial submission.

＊２）Shinsen:［連語］〔断定の助動詞「だ」の連体形「な」に接続助詞「ので」がついたもの〕原因・理由をあらわす。…だから。
                    「大事なこと━、もう一度言います」

.

My point and proposal wasn't about your note in particular. Though I appreciate someone finally nudging it, as I'd somewhat forgotten about it myself.

＞"I thought that the usage of だから at the beginning of a sentence would be obvious, but I can see how there could be confusion, since なので is almost never used in that position."
What exactly are you referring to here? I don't quite understand.
The point is that for both だから and なので, but especially the latter, there are two "separate" use cases to look at (for だから there's also the third).
For なので compare ＊１ and ＊２. I won't regurgitate everything here, since the same gist can be taken from what's already been posted below.



Just to make it clear, I am proposing a 4 entry alignment of the なので・ので and だから・から pairs. 
They are all inconsistent right now, both with each other and with the kokugos (on top of the fact that the single sense in this current entry should have [exp,conj]). 
And a not insignificant amount of references take this approach.
Drafts of all four entries are in the pastebin below.


I totally understand why this proposal has been sitting here for this long. After all it spans four separate entries.
Another factor is the, in all likelihood, massive amount of sentences that would need to be indexed and reindexed following this string of edits.
I just want to note that if there is a way in which I could help working on these sentences, I'd gladly do so.


As stated below, the reason I put this forward only in form of a pastebin at first, was to not make it unnecessarily messy right off the bat.
However, as enough time has passed now in my eyes, I'm going to wait a bit after this reply to see if there are any new responses.
And if nothing new comes in, I'll (re)draft and submit my proposed edits and see how it goes. 
I would begin with only two edits, the なので and ので pair, to set things in motion.

I've only just seen this, and I apologize for not responding sooner.

I thought that the usage of だから at the beginning of a sentence would be obvious, but I can see how there could be confusion, since なので is almost never used in that position.

I'm just not sure how to explain that simply in a note. Maybe the entry for だから is already enough, since it clearly has a different meaning than なので? Maybe we could move up "that's why", "for that reason" on that entry?

Shinsen, sankoku, etc. :
㊀連語〔断定の助動詞「だ」の連体形「な」に接続助詞「ので」がついたもの〕原因・理由をあらわす。…だから。「大事なこと━、もう一度言います」
参考くだけた話しことばでは「なんで」となる。
㊁ナ接続前の文の内容を原因・理由として起こる結果を次の文で述べるときの言い方。だから。それで。「今日は仕事が休みだ。━、朝寝坊ができた」
参考「なので」は「だから」に比べて新しく使われ始めた接続詞で、書きことばとしてはまだ十分には浸透していない。

Sankoku: なんで〔話〕

Multiple references note that sentence initial usage of なので is rather colloquial compared to だから
Sankoku: 〔話しことばで使われ、二十世紀末から文章でも増えた用法〕
Meikyo: 《主に話し言葉で》〔俗〕
Smk: 〔口頭語的表現〕


Additional usage data (BCCWJ being the largest, and CEJC the smallest corpus of the three; obtained using 中納言):
BCCWJ = 現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス ~104mil words
CSJ = 日本語話し言葉コーパス ~7mil words
CEJC = 日本語日常会話コーパス ~4mil words

なので
Corpus; Sentence initial（接続詞）; Non-sentence initial（連語）
BCCWJ; 1520; 28176
CSJ; 105; 1566
CEJC; 146; 333

だから
Corpus; Sentence initial（接続詞）; Non-sentence initial（連語）
BCCWJ; 15041; 44070
CSJ; 1838; 2546
CEJC; 5858; 5085


.

First of all, なので isn't a parallel to から, but to だから. The only difference being that ので takes the 連体形 and から the 終止形, hence it not being だので.
There are really two cases to distinguish here.

1. なので as an conjunctive expression arising from the 連体形 of copula だ after nouns and な adjectives and the 連体形 bound conjunctive particle ので. This is only in references because it's not as obvious.
2. なので as a single conjunction used *at sentence beginning* like だから, which is a rather new usage as indicated by multiple references.


The corpus data further substantiates what the references have already established:
- なので as a 接続詞, i.e. at sentence beginning, is far less common than だから in the same position. In total counts and especially in relation to non-sentence initial usage
  - this also indicates more recent development for that sense in なので as it is not yet well represented in the existing corpi
- だから is more common than なので in spoken language
  - the sentence initial usage being higher than the non-sentence initial usage, in CEJC, is a good indicator for だから sense 3 in the pastebin, as such connotations are far easier supplied using tone
  - this potentially also speaks for the difference in objectivity, and subsequently formality, outlined in references
- non-sentence initial なので is less frequently used in daily conversation than だから

Though technically not necessary, multiple references have an entry for なので in non-sentence intial position, i.e. case one of the above. I believe it's probably worthwhile to have in a dictionary mainly catering towards foreigners learning the language, so as to not lead to ungrammaticalities.


I think the two respective pairs and all four entries, から・だから and ので・なので, can be improved and aligned for consistency. In the pastebin below I have a proposal with references for each of the four. I thought it'd be way less messy than starting four separate edits at the same time.

https://pastebin.com/hesz2mKY

I don't know if there's a way to enable others to participate in editing a paste there, probably not. But comments can be posted.

OK

References below

I also checked for sentences, if I didn't miss any there are:

For sense one
303164_100534
303133_100565
303132_100566
303130_100568
303002_100695
303001_100696
301349_100712

For sense two
      /


.

This time I was the one missing the reply, I just now spotted it.

＞The only thing I'd note is that the sentence-initial senses should probably come second, not first.
After taking another look at the corpus counts I provided back then, this seems reasonable.

I'll now submit my proposed changes to なので and ので as edits so it's easier for everyone to supplement or amend them.

@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>なんで</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -9 +12 @@
-<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
@@ -11 +14 @@
-<s_inf>following a noun or na-adjective</s_inf>
+<s_inf>after nouns or na-adjectives</s_inf>
@@ -15,0 +19,13 @@
+<gloss>therefore</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
+<s_inf>at sentence beginning</s_inf>
+<gloss>because of that</gloss>
+<gloss>therefore</gloss>
+<gloss>accordingly</gloss>
+<gloss>consequently</gloss>
+<gloss>on those grounds</gloss>
+<gloss>that is why</gloss>
+<gloss>for that reason</gloss>

I apologize, I must have misread parts of your proposal, because I didn't even notice the pastebin at first.

I don't have any real issue with splitting out separate senses for sentence-initial usage.

The only thing I'd note is that the sentence-initial senses should probably come second, not first.

For the だから entry in particular, I'd also avoid repeating "so" and "therefore," and I'm not entirely convinced by some of the more adverbial-sounding glosses. "That's why" and "for that reason" feel like a better tonal match though.

＊１）Meikyo: ［接］〔新〕前に述べたことを理由として、その帰結を導く意を表す。
                  「明日から早朝練習だ。なので、早く寝た方がいいよ」
Please note that this differs from the Meikyo reference posted below, as this is from the third edition. Which I didn't yet have at the time of writing my initial submission.

＊２）Shinsen:［連語］〔断定の助動詞「だ」の連体形「な」に接続助詞「ので」がついたもの〕原因・理由をあらわす。…だから。
                    「大事なこと━、もう一度言います」

.

My point and proposal wasn't about your note in particular. Though I appreciate someone finally nudging it, as I'd somewhat forgotten about it myself.

＞"I thought that the usage of だから at the beginning of a sentence would be obvious, but I can see how there could be confusion, since なので is almost never used in that position."
What exactly are you referring to here? I don't quite understand.
The point is that for both だから and なので, but especially the latter, there are two "separate" use cases to look at (for だから there's also the third).
For なので compare ＊１ and ＊２. I won't regurgitate everything here, since the same gist can be taken from what's already been posted below.



Just to make it clear, I am proposing a 4 entry alignment of the なので・ので and だから・から pairs. 
They are all inconsistent right now, both with each other and with the kokugos (on top of the fact that the single sense in this current entry should have [exp,conj]). 
And a not insignificant amount of references take this approach.
Drafts of all four entries are in the pastebin below.


I totally understand why this proposal has been sitting here for this long. After all it spans four separate entries.
Another factor is the, in all likelihood, massive amount of sentences that would need to be indexed and reindexed following this string of edits.
I just want to note that if there is a way in which I could help working on these sentences, I'd gladly do so.


As stated below, the reason I put this forward only in form of a pastebin at first, was to not make it unnecessarily messy right off the bat.
However, as enough time has passed now in my eyes, I'm going to wait a bit after this reply to see if there are any new responses.
And if nothing new comes in, I'll (re)draft and submit my proposed edits and see how it goes. 
I would begin with only two edits, the なので and ので pair, to set things in motion.

I've only just seen this, and I apologize for not responding sooner.

I thought that the usage of だから at the beginning of a sentence would be obvious, but I can see how there could be confusion, since なので is almost never used in that position.

I'm just not sure how to explain that simply in a note. Maybe the entry for だから is already enough, since it clearly has a different meaning than なので? Maybe we could move up "that's why", "for that reason" on that entry?

Shinsen, sankoku, etc. :
㊀連語〔断定の助動詞「だ」の連体形「な」に接続助詞「ので」がついたもの〕原因・理由をあらわす。…だから。「大事なこと━、もう一度言います」
参考くだけた話しことばでは「なんで」となる。
㊁ナ接続前の文の内容を原因・理由として起こる結果を次の文で述べるときの言い方。だから。それで。「今日は仕事が休みだ。━、朝寝坊ができた」
参考「なので」は「だから」に比べて新しく使われ始めた接続詞で、書きことばとしてはまだ十分には浸透していない。

Sankoku: なんで〔話〕

Multiple references note that sentence initial usage of なので is rather colloquial compared to だから
Sankoku: 〔話しことばで使われ、二十世紀末から文章でも増えた用法〕
Meikyo: 《主に話し言葉で》〔俗〕
Smk: 〔口頭語的表現〕


Additional usage data (BCCWJ being the largest, and CEJC the smallest corpus of the three; obtained using 中納言):
BCCWJ = 現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス ~104mil words
CSJ = 日本語話し言葉コーパス ~7mil words
CEJC = 日本語日常会話コーパス ~4mil words

なので
Corpus; Sentence initial（接続詞）; Non-sentence initial（連語）
BCCWJ; 1520; 28176
CSJ; 105; 1566
CEJC; 146; 333

だから
Corpus; Sentence initial（接続詞）; Non-sentence initial（連語）
BCCWJ; 15041; 44070
CSJ; 1838; 2546
CEJC; 5858; 5085


.

First of all, なので isn't a parallel to から, but to だから. The only difference being that ので takes the 連体形 and から the 終止形, hence it not being だので.
There are really two cases to distinguish here.

1. なので as an conjunctive expression arising from the 連体形 of copula だ after nouns and な adjectives and the 連体形 bound conjunctive particle ので. This is only in references because it's not as obvious.
2. なので as a single conjunction used *at sentence beginning* like だから, which is a rather new usage as indicated by multiple references.


The corpus data further substantiates what the references have already established:
- なので as a 接続詞, i.e. at sentence beginning, is far less common than だから in the same position. In total counts and especially in relation to non-sentence initial usage
  - this also indicates more recent development for that sense in なので as it is not yet well represented in the existing corpi
- だから is more common than なので in spoken language
  - the sentence initial usage being higher than the non-sentence initial usage, in CEJC, is a good indicator for だから sense 3 in the pastebin, as such connotations are far easier supplied using tone
  - this potentially also speaks for the difference in objectivity, and subsequently formality, outlined in references
- non-sentence initial なので is less frequently used in daily conversation than だから

Though technically not necessary, multiple references have an entry for なので in non-sentence intial position, i.e. case one of the above. I believe it's probably worthwhile to have in a dictionary mainly catering towards foreigners learning the language, so as to not lead to ungrammaticalities.


I think the two respective pairs and all four entries, から・だから and ので・なので, can be improved and aligned for consistency. In the pastebin below I have a proposal with references for each of the four. I thought it'd be way less messy than starting four separate edits at the same time.

https://pastebin.com/hesz2mKY

I don't know if there's a way to enable others to participate in editing a paste there, probably not. But comments can be posted.

@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<field>&chem;</field>
+<field>&physics;</field>

eij

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/質量分析法

Aligning

@@ -20 +20 @@
-<gloss>inflected word</gloss>
+<gloss>inflecting word</gloss>

@@ -20 +20 @@
-<gloss>inflecting word</gloss>
+<gloss>inflected word</gloss>

学研国語大辞典

Aligning with 活用語

@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<field>&gramm;</field>
@@ -20 +21 @@
-<gloss>conjugated word</gloss>
+<gloss>inflecting word</gloss>

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1310840">死語・1</xref>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1310840">死語・1</xref>

焠す is in the kokugos.

@@ -9 +9 @@
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>

鈍す	4599
焠す	0

@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>

I don't think this needs an engineering tag.
焠す is not 旧字体.

@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
@@ -17 +15,0 @@
-<field>&engr;</field>

Koj, Daijr, GG5
鈍す	4599

サイ belongs in Kanjidic (where it is already). I've proposed an entry for 焼き鈍す; we already have 焼きなまし.

@@ -5 +5,5 @@
-<keb>焠</keb>
+<keb>鈍す</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>焠す</keb>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
@@ -8,4 +12 @@
-<reb>サイ</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>なま</reb>
+<reb>なます</reb>
@@ -13,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&v5s;</pos>
@@ -16 +18 @@
-<gloss>anneal</gloss>
+<gloss>to anneal</gloss>

1. Mac  辞書.app  国語辞典　（なます）
2. Andrew Nelson's The Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary, Second Revised Edition, entry 2764/F1187

A related word is 焼きなます（やきなます）
鉄を焼きなます

engr tag dropped from 鈍す.

@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<field>&engr;</field>

@@ -16 +16 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2260600">焼なまし・やきなまし</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2260600">焼なまし</xref>

GG5
焼きなます	333
焼き鈍す	< 20

More commonly as 焼なまし.

I think this is clearer.

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>estimation of how likely copies of a given tile remain in the wall based on players' discarded tiles</gloss>
+<gloss>estimation of the likelihood of a given tile remaining in the wall based on discarded tiles</gloss>

Explanation 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnu_pRVVnws
Explanation 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBdTltEcCDs

Professional player Shibukawa Nanba uses this word very often while playing, see e.g. https://youtu.be/zFBTHb1xzzU

Sorry for the messy references, but in my opinion, the definitions offered in dictionary sources don't at all reflect how this word is actually used by commentators and players; that is, usu. as ○○の場況が良い, 悪い, 絶好, etc. for "[a tile looks] likely/not very likely/extremely likely to be drawn from the wall". At least in this sense, it is certainly considered somewhat high-level/obtuse 麻雀用語

Funny it's not just an abbreviation of アイロンパーマ.

パンチパーマ	78453	82.5%
アイパー	13122	13.8%
アイロンパーマ	3516	3.7%

My actual sign:
料金表
総合調髪 2.500
65 以上）2.000
小学生 1.000
中学生 1.500
高校生 2.000
パーマ（カット込み）5,000
アイパー 4.500 <-------------
ヘアダイ 4.500
婦人顔剃り 1.500

Gemini provided a reference for the retro tough-guy vibe: (google translate)
https://ameblo.jp/hair-studio-guys/entry-12897641365.html
今回のスタイルは、いわゆるヤンキーらしい髪型ではありますが、モデルさんの持つ優しい顔立ちと重なると、どこかちぐはぐな、でも不思議と惹かれるような印象になります。
This style is a typical Yankee hairstyle, but when combined with the model's gentle features, it creates a somewhat mismatched, yet strangely appealing, impression.

The eye perm technique emphasizes the shine and smoothness of the surface, so it can be difficult to fully bring out the charm of curly hair.
However, as you can see from the image, a beautiful, smooth surface has been created.
The result is so smooth that you wouldn't guess it was curly at first glance.

ヤンキー[1]
 delinquent (youth); delinquency

"理容室" "料金表" "アイパー"　turns up some signs at other shops.

Saw on a local barbershop menu(refs).

Pretty picture(tough-guy self-evident):
https://x.com/handmade_nori/status/1991060803156652229/photo/1

See our entry パンチパーマ:
"curly men's hairstyle, usu. associated with yakuza or delinquents"

Saw as an option at a local barber(refs). LLMs indicate this is アイパー gives of a "classic barbershop" vibe..　Derived from アイロンパーマ, no doubt, but now apparently its own hair style. Not cleanly [abbr].  This is effectively a *type* of アイロンパーマ, and if you see アイロンパーマ alone, it often indicates a curly men's hairstyle, not straight.

Proof right here; This site has 3 different, distinct options:
https://riyou.jp/shop/52439/
アイロン
アイパー   6,800円～
パンチパーマ   6,800円～
アイロンパーマ   6,800円～ <--- distinct

While it may have been associated with "delinquents" historically, as a modern hairstyle that gloss would be problematic. Seems like it may be a functional choice today.  I downgraded "oft. associated" to "sometimes associated".  Still a useful note for literature/media.

One sense is better

@@ -9,5 +8,0 @@
-<lsource ls_wasei="y">iron permanent</lsource>
-<gloss>iron perm (usu. men's)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -16 +11,2 @@
-<gloss>men's hairstyle with short hair set into curls or waves</gloss>
+<lsource ls_wasei="y">iron permanent</lsource>
+<gloss>iron perm (usu. men's hairstyle with short hair set into curls or waves)</gloss>

https://otoko-design.com/news/blog/アイロンパーマのメリット、デメリット。/
アイロンパーマとは
If you're a fan of 80s styles, you might be more familiar with the term "eye perm." Eye perms and punch perms are hairstyles often seen in Showa-era gangster films... The official name for both is "iron perm." Hair styling tools include "curling irons" and "straightening irons," which apply high heat to hair to forcibly set it in place. An iron perm is a perm method that applies high heat of about 200 degrees to hair that has been soaked in perm solution, causing it to memorize its shape.

Iron perm styles were popular a while back (around the 1980s) along with the equally famous punch perm . At the time, they were used by people with slicked-back hair. Iron perms, which have been updated to modern styles , are designed to address the concerns and ideals of a wider range of people .

For "usu. men's": image search (100% men)

I don't object to this being 1 sense using some kind of "(esp. ...)"  note. 

However, as far as I can see, this word exists in two senses: 1. the concept of a men's hot-iron perm. 2. in contrast to two cleanly-defined hairstyles: the punch perm, and the アイパー (not an abbreviation).  So this is "everything else", which is basically "curly/wavy perm". 

See this barbershop sign/menu for the side-by-side contrast:
https://riyou.jp/shop/52439/
アイロン
アイパー   6,800円～
パンチパーマ   6,800円～
アイロンパーマ   6,800円～

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クロカタゾウムシ
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachyrhynchus_infernalis

@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>黒堅象虫</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9,4 @@
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>くろかたぞうむし</reb>
@@ -8,0 +16 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クロカタゾウムシ#cite_ref-原色_2-0

https://seibutuen.jp/animal/insect/pg4960624.html

https://mushinavi.com/navi-insect/data-zou_kata_kuro.htm

Ho, ho.

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1589220">落ち着く・1</xref>

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/餅つけ
https://dic.pixiv.net/a/もちつけ
https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12311472427
https://kokugo.jitenon.jp/word/p61919

とりあえず餅つけ	109	9.6%
とりあえずもちつけ	1028	90.4%

お前ら餅つけ	28	15.8%
お前らもちつけ	149	84.2%

餅つけ俺	0	0.0%
もちつけ俺	325	100.0%

歯の根が合わない	1280
歯の根が合わなく	286	  
歯の根が合わず	200

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>to shiver with cold or fear</gloss>
+<gloss>shivering with cold or fear</gloss>

https://kotobank.jp/word/歯の根が合わない-597794#w-597794

There might be a better way to phrase the definition.

Simplifying

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-<ent_corp type="jmnedict">jmnedict</ent_corp>
-<ent_seq>5747483</ent_seq>
+<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
@@ -8,0 +8,4 @@
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>あぎすみれ</reb>
@@ -12 +15,2 @@
-<gloss>Viola verecunda A. Gray var. semilunaris Maxim</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>Viola verecunda (violet species)</gloss>

https://kotobank.jp/word/顎菫-2000996
https://mikawanoyasou.org/data/agisumire.htm

gg5, prog, wisdom
遅れを取り戻す	25,285	94.6%	
おくれを取り戻す	692	2.6%	
遅れをとりもどす	380	1.4%	
後れを取り戻す	164	0.6%	
遅れを取戻す	127	0.5%	
遅れを取りもどす	74	0.3%