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jmdict 1109690 Active (id: 2353363)

フェイク [gai1] フェーク
1. [n,vs]
▶ fake
2. [n] {music}
▶ improvisation (in jazz music, singing, etc.)
▶ ad-lib
▶ vocal run
▶ vocal riff
3. [n] {sports}
▶ feint (in American football)

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-12-02 10:59:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-02 10:02:10  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
デジタル大辞泉 mentions the sports sense, as well as the musical sense, but only as "in jazz, playing improv".
https://kotobank.jp/word/ふえいく-3217477

However, if you Google something like "ボーカル フェイク", you get a lot of hits, and this is in very common parlance to talk about ad-libs, vocal runs, etc. (its definition is somewhat loose)
This YouTube video with フェイク in the title more or less immediately demonstrates what the word means in terms of vocals.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjpt-kCYYAY

Wiktionary already lists the musical sense, but chose to split it into two senses ("any musical improvisation" and then more specifically "vocal run/riff"):
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/フェイク#Japanese
  Comments:
I have personally only seen the spelling フェイク for the sense "vocal run".
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,13 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&music;</field>
+<gloss>improvisation (in jazz music, singing, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>ad-lib</gloss>
+<gloss>vocal run</gloss>
+<gloss>vocal riff</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&sports;</field>
+<gloss>feint (in American football)</gloss>
2. A 2013-01-10 00:55:36  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2013-01-09 22:24:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Merging 2484610.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>フェーク</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -10,0 +13,1 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1114480 Active (id: 2353352)

ブルーマンデーブルー・マンデー
1. [n]
▶ blue Monday
▶ Monday blues



History:
4. A 2025-12-02 05:49:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
3. A* 2025-12-02 04:54:53  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blue Monday

nevermind, it's an English term too
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<lsource ls_wasei="y">blue Monday</lsource>
+<gloss>blue Monday</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-02 04:43:29  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/ぶるーまんでー-3217947#w-621753

daijs

ブルーマンデー	10949
  Comments:
I think this is really wasei (aside from the New Order song)
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>blue Monday</gloss>
+<lsource ls_wasei="y">blue Monday</lsource>
+<gloss>Monday blues</gloss>
1. A 2013-05-11 10:39:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ブルー・マンデー</reb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1163740 Active (id: 2354038)
一人称 [news2,nf44] 1人称 [sK]
いちにんしょう [news2,nf44]
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ first person
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1759160 第一人称【だいいちにんしょう】 1. first person
2. [n]
▶ self-reference term
▶ term used to refer to oneself in the first person



History:
17. A 2025-12-10 11:03:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I quite agree. These two senses are enough.
16. A* 2025-12-09 22:27:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
4 senses seems like overkill. We shouldn't overcomplicate things. I think these two senses cover everything, even the slangy parenthetical usage. The second sense probably doesn't need a grammar tag.
Articles are typically omitted from glosses. I don't think sense 1 needs one.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -20 +21 @@
-<gloss>(the) first person</gloss>
+<gloss>first person</gloss>
@@ -24,16 +25,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
-<misc>&net-sl;</misc>
-<s_inf>in parentheses, after a term such as オタク, 推し, etc.</s_inf>
-<gloss>me (speaking as a ...)</gloss>
-<gloss>this (otaku, fan, stan, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>self-reference term</gloss>
+<gloss>term used to refer to oneself in the first person</gloss>
15. A* 2025-12-09 03:08:29  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称

Final observations:
1. I think a split between "pronouns" and "the broader category of any self-reference" is both correct, and makes for cleaner glosses. Context dictates whether you mean "pronouns only" (foreign language classroom, for example), or something broader.
2. My earlier "e.g." enumerations excluded plurals. This was a mistake. 
3. Must not look like "a single word".  あの人 is considered a 三人称代名詞, but not a word
4. Probably all the senses are [gramm].
5. Search "の1人称代名詞" for evidence of alternate orthography

It makes sense that 一人称 is at once a shorthand for 一人称代名詞 in some contexts, while being a broader category in others.

But I know a Japanese professor of linguists who I will hopefully get to chat with over the holiday, in case there is some egregeious misunderstanding. But something like the current glosses should be alright, I think.

I've been regretting "you're truly" on [4]. It was a gpt suggestion, it's cute, and it makes some sense.  But it feels maybe overly dramatic, and I think the neutral approaches are safer without better evidence. I've yet to meet a Japanese person who has ever seen or used this themself.
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>1人称</keb>
@@ -21 +24,2 @@
-<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
@@ -23 +27,6 @@
-<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss>
@@ -31 +39,0 @@
-<gloss>yours truly</gloss>
14. A* 2025-12-04 14:28:56  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
"一人称がお父さん" yields 4 pages of results, including:

父の一人称が、「お父さん」から「俺」に変わったのだ
https://note.com/rlongki3/n/n188e4d2695cb
一人称と言うと、子を持つ親御さんなんかは「お父さん/お母さん」だったり「パパ/ママ」だったりすることも多いだろう。

一人称いちにんしょう( First person pronouns)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srzFMO_OfmI&t=1s
Spoken: "Today I want to explore ichininshou: first person pronouns ... 男性が使う一人称, male first-person pronouns, ..."
She defines as: "how you address or call yourself"

Another super-googlable expression: "男性が使う一人称"
  Comments:
I think the previous update got it. Tweaked a bit since it's still open, expanded the examples to clarify broadness without trying to define it.

Another native pointed out there are many non-pronoun options, not just names:  先輩(talking to 後輩), お母さん (talking to children), any older kinship title...  And since it's situationally dependent and not singular, I've dropped "one's" 

The ref'd article is a great, personal story, about a guy's father changing from お父さん to 僕 as he (the author) became an adult. all about 一人称.

"Japanese terms of self-reference" gets academic book hits with roughly equivalent definitions. It's not something we're coining.

"first-person pronoun" still dominates in practice, as in the second video, where a Japanese girl explains male pronouns using English.
  Diff:
@@ -21,3 +21,3 @@
-<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss>
-<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss>
+<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss>
+<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss>
13. A* 2025-12-03 17:26:56  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の一人称代名詞

私(わたし)
日本人が最も多く使用する一人称である。
  Comments:
My previous analysis was facile.  Could still be wrong after posting this. 

The smoking gun:
一人称が名前の	52	
google "一人称が名前の女" (20+ pages)

While an exception, one's own name cannot be a pronoun. (children using their own name as self-address).  Regardless, I think "pronoun" remains the most common translation, with 名前 as an exception. I would definitely not drop it.

The wikipedia article on 一人称代名詞 actually uses 一人称. 

I gave gemini the full text of the wikipedia article, and asked some basic questions. The conclusions are consistent with my own thinking to this point.  This is not authoritative, an LLM will say different things on different days.  But this does seem about right to me with all I've seen thus far. It's a good read.

https://gemini.google.com/share/e5bb9a719ece

I think this is correct:
"You use 一人称 (short form) because you are discussing [a person's] identity and choices. You would only use 一人称代名詞 (long form) if you were analyzing the word "Boku" itself as a linguistic object, unrelated to the specific [person] using it."

And I tend to believe this as well:
"In Japanese usage, if a child (or an adult acting cute) calls herself "Hanako," then "Hanako" is her 一人称 (ichininshō)."

I've been tempted to drop [fld=gramm] on my own for a bit. Gemini independently reached the same conclusion.

Transmuting 二人称 and 三人称 this way isn't trivial, but gemeni's initial ideas are(I have not massaged these):
二人称 
[2][n] term of address (for the listener); way of calling one's partner in conversation; choice of second-person pronoun (e.g. anata, kimi, omae)
三人称 
[2][n] third party; outsider; disinterested person; someone unconnected to the matter at hand (Synonymous with 第三者)

オタク(三人称)is actually a perfect example of 三人称[2]. オタク(third party).  I still support [3] here because it has a life of its own, but the revised [2] clarifies the meaning.I would not advocate a special 3rd gloss on the 2nd and 3rd person(they are far less common, and probably more practical/literal).

"オタク(一人称)" 31 pages of google hits
"オタク(ニ人称)" 2 pages of google hits (practically nothing)
"オタク(三人称)" 1 page of google hits
  Diff:
@@ -21,2 +21,3 @@
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>(a specific) first-person pronoun (e.g. watashi, boku, ore, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss>
+<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss>
(show/hide 12 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1186710 Active (id: 2353369)
化ける [ichi1,news2,nf32]
ばける [ichi1,news2,nf32]
1. [v1,vi]
▶ to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.)
▶ to assume the shape of
▶ to turn oneself into
▶ to transform oneself into
2. [v1,vi]
▶ to disguise oneself (as)
3. [v1,vi]
▶ to change (into)
▶ to transform
▶ to metamorphose
4. [v1,vi]
▶ to change radically (for the better)
▶ to transform
▶ to improve dramatically and unexpectedly (e.g. of an actor, sportsperson, stock price)
▶ to make a complete turnaround

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-12-02 11:19:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-11-30 21:26:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
Amended senses 3 and 4 so that they align more closely with the kokugos.
  Diff:
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>to disguise oneself as</gloss>
+<gloss>to disguise oneself (as)</gloss>
@@ -32 +32,2 @@
-<gloss>to change radically</gloss>
+<gloss>to change (into)</gloss>
+<gloss>to transform</gloss>
@@ -38 +39,4 @@
-<gloss>to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to change radically (for the better)</gloss>
+<gloss>to transform</gloss>
+<gloss>to improve dramatically and unexpectedly (e.g. of an actor, sportsperson, stock price)</gloss>
+<gloss>to make a complete turnaround</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-20 03:48:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
きれいに化ける	0
奇麗に化ける	0
  Comments:
It could be sense 3, but it's not exactly common.
4. A* 2025-11-18 13:52:06 
  Comments:
化粧できれいに化ける
3. A 2012-02-20 04:05:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1298470 Active (id: 2353344)
桜色さくら色 [sK]
さくらいろ
1. [n]
▶ light pink
▶ pale pink
▶ cherry blossom pink
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1593710 桜【さくら】 2. light pink



History:
3. A 2025-12-02 04:36:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-02 03:39:02 
  Refs:
桜色	244520	76.6%
さくら色	74786	23.4%
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>さくら色</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1. A* 2025-12-02 02:04:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, luminous
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>cherry blossom (colour, color)</gloss>
+<gloss>light pink</gloss>
+<gloss>pale pink</gloss>
+<gloss>cherry blossom pink</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1301030 Active (id: 2354120)
三人称3人称 [sK]
さんにんしょう
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ third person
2. [n]
▶ third-person reference term
▶ term used to refer to someone or something in the third person



History:
5. A 2025-12-11 02:27:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-10 22:28:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Style alignment with 二人称.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16 +17 @@
-<gloss>(the) third person</gloss>
+<gloss>third person</gloss>
@@ -20,10 +21,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2154580">三人称代名詞</xref>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>third-person pronoun</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
-<gloss>third-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>word or expression used to refer to someone or something other than the speaker or addressee(s)</gloss>
+<gloss>third-person reference term</gloss>
+<gloss>term used to refer to someone or something in the third person</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-09 03:06:34  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
A whole page on the 3rd person and japanese 3rd person pronouns that does not use the word 代名詞 at all
https://kotonohaweb.net/third-person/
日本語の 三人称 一覧
かれ(彼 男性をさす三人称。
かのじょ(彼女 あの女。その女。この女


Evidence for [3]?  Perhaps still [1].  I have read that English classes in Japan define 三人称 as "everything that isn't 一人称 or 二人称" for verb agreement purposes.  
https://www.rarejob.com/englishlab/column/20210902_03/
三人称とは、話し手と聞き手以外のすべての人やもののこと。つまり、I(私), we(私たち), you(あなた、あなたたち)を含まないものすべてということになります。he(彼), she(彼女), it(それ), Tom(トム), my book(私の本)などはすべて三人称です。
Google:
The third person refers to everyone and everything other than the speaker and listener. In other words, everything that doesn't include I, we, or you. He, she, it, Tom, and my book are all third person pronouns.

numeric orthography:
3人称単数の動詞に s が付く理由
https://nazebumpo.livedoor.blog/archives/353651.html
  Comments:
Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称

Unlike 一人称 and 二人称, selection of the "proper" 三人称 is not such a great topic of conversation.  Most uses I can find is just talking about pronouns, both Japanese and foreign."英語の三人称" for example (sometimes appears as 英語の三人称代名詞, but not always).

Still, it seems by extension that sense [3] must exist, at least in academic contexts.  I've tagged it [rare]. That seems better than omitting it and having it appear to be missing. There's an argument to drop it though. 

This supposes that あの人 is a third-person pronoun.  Japanese dictionaries seem to treat it as such.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>3人称</keb>
@@ -13 +16 @@
-<gloss>third person</gloss>
+<gloss>(the) third person</gloss>
@@ -19,0 +23,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>third-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>word or expression used to refer to someone or something other than the speaker or addressee(s)</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-02 03:36:35  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
https://kotobank.jp/word/三人称-514509#w-1983500
〘 名詞 〙 文法範疇(はんちゅう)の一つ。話し手(書き手)・聞き手(読み手)と区別して、それら以外の人、また、物・事態について、指し示す語。日本語では、代名詞についてだけいう。「あれ」「これ」「それ」「どれ」「彼(かれ)」「彼女」「どなた」「だれ」など。第三人称。他称。〔日本文典(1876)〕


三人称	46932	  
三人称の	6791	  
三人称で	6521	  
三人称に	3043	  
三人称が	1833	  
三人称を	1136	  
三人称視点で	1054	  
三人称は	1031	  
三人称的	997	  
三人称視点の	995	  
三人称と	963	  
三人称複数	912	  
三人称単数現在	872	  
三人称単数の	840	  
三人称で書かれ	722	  
三人称視点	689	  
三人称単数	606	  
三人称小説	500
  Comments:
daijs. see also 一人称
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2154580">三人称代名詞</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>third-person pronoun</gloss>
+</sense>
1. A 2021-12-14 01:51:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk convert ling to gramm
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
+<field>&gramm;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1412040 Active (id: 2353362)
代走 [news2,nf29]
だいそう [news2,nf29]
1. [n,vs,vi] {baseball}
▶ substitute runner
▶ pinch runner
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1107240 ピンチランナー 1. pinch runner
2. [n,vs,vi]
▶ substitute

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-12-02 10:53:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
JEs, Daijs
  Comments:
Refs all lead with the baseball sense.
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18,4 @@
-<gloss>substitute</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1107240">ピンチランナー</xref>
+<field>&baseb;</field>
+<gloss>substitute runner</gloss>
+<gloss>pinch runner</gloss>
@@ -24,2 +27 @@
-<gloss>baseball: substitute runner</gloss>
-<gloss>pinch runner</gloss>
+<gloss>substitute</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-02 06:55:10  Hendrik
  Refs:
代走運転手
https://www.kokusai-driving-service.com/recruit
https://www.eidaikou.com/recruit
http://newatomuuntendaikou.smafo.biz/recruit
https://gaten.info/job/17031
https://www.chuo-untendaikou.com/recruit
代走スタッフ
https://sc-ltd.jp/customer/manufacturing/
https://jp.indeed.com/q-代走-求人.html
https://cs-aira.com/recruit/
https://mj-king.net/tempos/rule/9750
https://jan39.com/shop/14391/rule/
代走ドライバー
https://ks-ring.co.jp/daisouya-fc/
https://sc-ltd.jp/customer/transport/
https://www.global-navi.net/feature
https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14215410769
https://en-gage.net/second-career/work_13661264/
  Comments:
The meaning of the term is not specific to "runner" but can be used in various contexts, as the references show (Wikipedia furthermore mentions the contexts of "railway" and "mahjong", but I have no reliable evidence at hand)
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18,8 @@
-<gloss>substitute runner</gloss>
+<gloss>substitute</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<gloss>baseball: substitute runner</gloss>
+<gloss>pinch runner</gloss>
1. A 2022-07-27 02:58:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update of vs-vi-vt tags from meikyo
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,2 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1462500 Active (id: 2354062)
二人称2人称 [sK]
ににんしょう
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ second person
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1410100 対称【たいしょう】 2. second person
2. [n]
▶ second-person address term (e.g. pronoun, personal name, kinship term, title)
▶ form of address used for the second person



History:
6. A 2025-12-10 22:22:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think sense 2 is more colloquial. Probably shouldn't have a grammar tag.
  Diff:
@@ -21 +20,0 @@
-<field>&gramm;</field>
5. A 2025-12-10 11:04:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-09 20:39:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think we need a "second-person pronoun" sense in addition to these two. Sense 2 includes personal pronouns.
Definite article not needed for sense 1.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16,7 +17 @@
-<gloss>(the) second person</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2154570">二人称代名詞</xref>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>second-person pronoun</gloss>
+<gloss>second person</gloss>
@@ -27,2 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>second-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>word or expression used to refer to one's addressee(s)</gloss>
+<gloss>second-person address term (e.g. pronoun, personal name, kinship term, title)</gloss>
+<gloss>form of address used for the second person</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-09 03:07:16  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Elucidating. A whole subsection called 代名詞を使わない二人称
i.e. 二人称 that don't use pronouns
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の二人称代名詞
For example, kinship terms:
血縁関係
お父さん(パパ)・お母さん(ママ)・お爺ちゃん・お婆ちゃん・おじさん・おばさん 等
Customers: 
お客様
客に対して使う二人称。「お客さん」もよく使われる。
  Comments:
Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称

Notes mostly at 一人称. Some comments at 三人称.

お父さん cannot be [2]. But in many contexts 二人称 is being used as shorthand for "pronoun", especially in foreign language classroom contexts.

The wikipedia article is fascinating.  It has a whole section called "代名詞を使わない二人称".  We could dither about whether [3] is technically a contorted use of [1], but in practice for translation purposes, 二人称 seems to be used to mean "the words themselves".  The wikipedia example for お客様 is the most unambiguous:
お客様
客に対して使う二人称。「お客さん」もよく使われる。
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>2人称</keb>
@@ -13 +16 @@
-<gloss>second person</gloss>
+<gloss>(the) second person</gloss>
@@ -19,0 +23,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>second-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>word or expression used to refer to one's addressee(s)</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-02 03:31:31  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
二人称	32466	97.6%
二人称代名詞	786	2.4%

daijs
https://kotobank.jp/word/二人称-592514
文法で人称の一。話し手(書き手)に対して、聞き手(読み手)をさし示すもの。日本語では、「あなた」「あなたがた」「きみ」「きみたち」など。第二人称。対称。
  Comments:
See also edit to 一人称. daijs
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2154570">二人称代名詞</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>second-person pronoun</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1502630 Active (id: 2353456)
物凄い [ichi1] もの凄い [sK] 物すごい [sK]
ものすごい [ichi1] ものすっごい [sk] ものすんごい [sk]
1. [adj-i] [uk]
▶ terrific
▶ staggering
▶ tremendous
▶ incredible
▶ extreme
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2847439 ものっそい 1. terrific; staggering; tremendous; incredible; extreme
2. [adj-i] [uk]
▶ frightful
▶ ghastly
▶ horrific
▶ terrible
▶ awful
▶ gruesome
▶ eerie

Conjugations


History:
10. A 2025-12-03 11:13:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2025-12-03 09:50:22 
  Comments:
ものすんごい	18335	25.7%
ものすっごい	53126	74.3%
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19,8 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ものすっごい</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ものすんごい</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
8. A 2025-12-02 00:53:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I see that GG5 has a ものすごく subentry.
7. A* 2025-12-01 10:48:44 
  Refs:
ものすごく	3483319	42.8%
ものすごい	2382798	29.2%
物凄い	735738	9.0%
物凄く	764299	9.4%
物すごい	14872	0.2%
物すごく	19624	0.2%
もの凄い	379000	4.7%
もの凄く	367392	4.5%
  Comments:
arguably ものすごく should be a separate entry
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>物すごい</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2020-11-14 08:49:40  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1503850 Active (id: 2353368)
分水嶺 [news2,nf40]
ぶんすいれい [news2,nf40]
1. [n]
▶ watershed
▶ divide
2. [n]
▶ turning point
▶ watershed (moment)
▶ moment of truth



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 11:18:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-02 07:33:47  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
デジタル大辞泉:

1 分水界になっている山稜。分水山脈。
2 《1が、雨水が異なる水系に分かれる場所であることから》物事の方向性が決まる分かれ目のたとえ。
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>turning point</gloss>
+<gloss>watershed (moment)</gloss>
+<gloss>moment of truth</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1537250 Active (id: 2353428)
[ichi1,news1,nf04] [rK]
[ichi1,news1,nf04]
1. [n]
▶ field
▶ plain
2. [n]
▶ hidden interior part (of a structure or object)
3. [n-pref]
▶ wild (of an animal or plant)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2452470 野いちご 1. wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
  ⇒ see: 1643310 野うさぎ 2. wild rabbit



History:
4. A 2025-12-03 03:39:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-03 02:07:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Splitting out や into a separate entry.
I think we can drop ぬ. Very archaic.
  Diff:
@@ -20,7 +19,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>や</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ぬ</reb>
-<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
-</r_ele>
@@ -28,0 +22 @@
+<gloss>field</gloss>
@@ -30 +23,0 @@
-<gloss>field</gloss>
@@ -33 +25,0 @@
-<stagr>の</stagr>
@@ -35 +27 @@
-<gloss>hidden (structural) member</gloss>
+<gloss>hidden interior part (of a structure or object)</gloss>
@@ -38 +29,0 @@
-<stagr>の</stagr>
@@ -40,7 +31,3 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1643310">野ウサギ・2</xref>
-<gloss>wild</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>や</stagr>
-<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
-<gloss>lacking a political post</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2452470">野いちご</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1643310">野うさぎ・2</xref>
+<gloss>wild (of an animal or plant)</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-02 22:31:35  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
The refs say that 埜 is an itaiji for 野. I'm making a note of it because I wasn't sure if it was 旧字体 instead.
* Kanken's kanji dictionary has it tagged as 異体字.
* Shinsen: 「埜」は異体字(人名用漢字)
* Gendai reikai: 人名用漢字「埜」は異体字。

〈は/が〉〈野/埜〉〈に/の〉

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬────────╮
│ は野に │ 24,143 │
│ は野の │ 10,349 │
│ が野に │  4,807 │
│ が野の │  2,060 │
│ は埜に │      0 │
│ が埜に │      0 │
│ は埜の │      0 │
│ が埜の │      0 │
╰─ーーー─┴────────╯
  Comments:
Adding an [rK] tag.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
1. A 2011-08-25 08:45:03  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -39,1 +39,1 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1643310">野ウサギ</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1643310">野ウサギ・2</xref>

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jmdict 1537310 Active (id: 2353343)
野球場
やきゅうじょう
1. [n]
▶ baseball ground
▶ baseball field
▶ baseball stadium
▶ ballpark



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 04:33:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-02 02:21:30  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, wisdom
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>baseball field</gloss>
@@ -13,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>ballpark</gloss>

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jmdict 1593710 Active (id: 2353432)
[ichi1,news1,nf04] [sK] 偽客 [sK]
さくら [ichi1,news1,nf04] サクラ (nokanji) [spec1]
1. [n]
▶ cherry tree
▶ cherry blossom
▶ sakura
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2843951 夢見草【ゆめみぐさ】 1. cherry blossom
2. [n] [abbr]
▶ light pink
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1298470 桜色 1. light pink; pale pink; cherry blossom pink
3. [n] [uk]
《usu. サクラ; also written as 偽客》
▶ fake buyer
▶ paid audience
▶ shill
▶ seat filler
4. [n] [uk]
▶ hired applauder
5. [n]
《usu. in compounds》
▶ horse meat
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1298490 桜肉 1. horse meat
  ⇒ see: 2625370 桜鍋 1. horse meat hotpot



History:
17. A 2025-12-03 04:09:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
16. A* 2025-12-02 02:04:21  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
I don't think 桜 is adjectival.
I don't think [food] is appropriate here.
Added sense.
  Diff:
@@ -26,0 +27 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
@@ -31,0 +33,7 @@
+<gloss>sakura</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1298470">桜色</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>light pink</gloss>
@@ -48 +55,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -52 +59 @@
-<field>&food;</field>
+<s_inf>usu. in compounds</s_inf>
15. A 2025-12-02 01:02:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
14. A* 2025-12-01 01:40:38  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
桜鍋	8421	81.4%
桜ユッケ	342	3.3%
桜納豆	788	7.6%
桜丼	708	6.8%
桜しゃぶ	84	0.8%

gemini:
Your intuition that Sakura is primarily a culinary prefix (rather than a standalone noun) in modern usage is correct.

While your dictionary is technically right to mark the standalone noun Sakura as colloquial/slang for "horse meat," that usage is rare in real life. In contrast, the prefix usage is standard (not slang) and is the required terminology for specific dishes.
  Comments:
More comments at 桜肉.  [4] seems more common as an [adj-f] culinary term than it is likely to be as a colloquial conversation term.  As "kids these days" seem not to be familiar with 桜肉 in the first place, the idea of "let's all head out for some sakura for dinner" feels a bit farfetched, outside of true horse meat connoisseurs. 

桜鍋 seems like the biggest adj-f example.
  Diff:
@@ -47,0 +48 @@
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -51 +52,2 @@
-<misc>&col;</misc>
+<xref type="see" seq="2625370">桜鍋</xref>
+<field>&food;</field>
13. A 2024-08-26 22:34:37  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -36 +36 @@
-<s_inf>usu. as サクラ; also written as 偽客</s_inf>
+<s_inf>usu. サクラ; also written as 偽客</s_inf>
(show/hide 12 older log entries)

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jmdict 1643310 Active (id: 2353553)
野うさぎ野ウサギ野兎
のうさぎノウサギ (nokanji)
1. [n]
▶ hare (esp. the Japanese hare, Lepus brachyurus)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868254 【ニホンノウサギ】 1. Japanese hare (Lepus brachyurus)
2. [n]
▶ wild rabbit
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1537250 野【の】 3. wild (of an animal or plant)



History:
8. A 2025-12-04 19:43:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-12-04 14:53:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daijr, jawiki
  Diff:
@@ -22 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>Japanese hare (Lepus brachyurus)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868254">ニホンノウサギ</xref>
+<gloss>hare (esp. the Japanese hare, Lepus brachyurus)</gloss>
6. A 2025-12-02 23:55:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'll split out やと.
  Diff:
@@ -17,4 +16,0 @@
-<reb>やと</reb>
-<re_restr>野兎</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -25,2 +20,0 @@
-<stagr>のうさぎ</stagr>
-<stagr>ノウサギ</stagr>
@@ -32 +25,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1192390">家兎・かと</xref>
5. A* 2025-12-02 22:45:34  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 野うさぎ │    51,066 │ 48.1% │ - add
│ 野ウサギ │    25,463 │ 24.0% │
│ 野兎   │    15,929 │ 15.0% │
│ のウサギ │   165,758 │  N/A  │ - drop (this is surely the particle の rather than 野)
│ のうさぎ │   328,202 │  N/A  │
│ やと   │ 1,420,540 │  N/A  │
│ ノウサギ │    13,673 │ 12.9% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>野うさぎ</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -11,4 +13,0 @@
-<reb>のウサギ</reb>
-<re_restr>野ウサギ</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -16 +14,0 @@
-<re_restr>野兎</re_restr>
@@ -27 +24,0 @@
-<stagr>のウサギ</stagr>
4. A 2016-11-09 15:13:33  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -28,0 +29 @@
+<stagr>ノウサギ</stagr>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2061320 Active (id: 2353460)

ピーカンぴいかん [rk]
1. [n] [col]
《originally filmmaking jargon》
▶ fine weather
▶ clear weather



History:
6. A 2025-12-03 14:07:33  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think it's only dated as a film term.
5. A 2025-12-03 03:58:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Could have kept the film tag and added dated.
4. A* 2025-12-03 01:38:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj: もと映画撮影で用いた俗語。
nikk: 語源未詳。映画界の隠語か。
zokugo: もともと映画業界が撮影時に使っていた言葉である。
  Comments:
Apparently no longer used as a film term.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<field>&film;</field>
@@ -15 +14,3 @@
-<gloss>clear weather (that is good for filming)</gloss>
+<s_inf>originally filmmaking jargon</s_inf>
+<gloss>fine weather</gloss>
+<gloss>clear weather</gloss>
3. A 2025-12-02 11:24:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ピーカン	119599	99.3%
ぴいかん	903	0.7%
Daij, GG5
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<field>&film;</field>
2. A* 2025-12-02 04:20:24  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/ぴいかん-607917
http://zokugo-dict.com/27hi/p-kan.htm

daijs, zokugo
  Comments:
Shortening a bit and noting the connection with the film industry. [film] tag maybe?
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>state of fine weather where one is subject to direct sunlight</gloss>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
+<gloss>clear weather (that is good for filming)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2213430 Active (id: 2353345)
鳥肌が立つ鳥肌がたつとりはだが立つ [sK]
とりはだがたつ
1. [exp,v5t]
▶ to get goosebumps
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1153650 粟立つ【あわだつ】 1. to get goosebumps; to have gooseflesh
  ⇐ see: 2868241 鳥肌立つ【とりはだだつ】 1. to get goosebumps
2. [exp,v5t]
▶ to be deeply moved (so that one gets goosebumps)
▶ to get chills
▶ to feel shivers
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868241 鳥肌立つ【とりはだだつ】 2. to be deeply moved (so that one gets goosebumps); to get chills; to feel shivers

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-02 04:38:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-02 02:09:14  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/reel/video/p0dgrs1l/frisson-why-music-can-give-you-chills-or-goosebumps
https://www.classicfm.com/music-news/goosebumps-music-successful-personality/
  Comments:
Used in much the same way.
  Diff:
@@ -26 +26,2 @@
-<gloss>to shudder from emotion</gloss>
+<gloss>to get chills</gloss>
+<gloss>to feel shivers</gloss>
3. A 2025-12-01 22:03:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-01 16:38:50  Sombrero1
  Refs:
〈鳥肌/とりはだ〉が〈立つ/たつ〉
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 鳥肌が立つ   │ 80,162 │ 84.2% │
│ 鳥肌がたつ   │ 14,721 │ 15.5% │
│ とりはだが立つ │     45 │  0.0% │add; [sK]
│ とりはだがたつ │    236 │  0.2% │add; [sK]
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
Daijisen: 近年、「名演奏に―・つ」のように、深い感動の表現としても用いられることがある。
Koj: 近年、感動した場合にも用いる。「名演奏に鳥肌が立った」

Sankoku has a second sense:  ②ぞくぞくするくらい感動する。

.
  Comments:
Could perhaps warrant a second sense?
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>とりはだが立つ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -17,0 +22,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&v5t;</pos>
+<gloss>to be deeply moved (so that one gets goosebumps)</gloss>
+<gloss>to shudder from emotion</gloss>
+</sense>
1. A 2007-10-06 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2272830 Active (id: 2353346)
凄く
すごく
1. [adv] [uk]
▶ extremely
▶ very
▶ terribly
▶ awfully
▶ tremendously
▶ incredibly
▶ immensely
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1374550 凄い【すごい】 4. awfully; very; immensely
  ⇐ see: 2725230 すっごく 1. extremely; very; terribly; awfully; tremendously; incredibly; immensely



History:
7. A 2025-12-02 04:38:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-12-02 02:01:10  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Comments:
More glosses.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1374550">凄い・2</xref>
@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@
+<gloss>extremely</gloss>
+<gloss>very</gloss>
+<gloss>terribly</gloss>
@@ -15 +17,2 @@
-<gloss>very</gloss>
+<gloss>tremendously</gloss>
+<gloss>incredibly</gloss>
5. A 2016-02-05 01:59:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
We have すんごく in its own entry. I think すっごく should move there rather than having as a no-kanji form here.
  Diff:
@@ -10,4 +9,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>すっごく</reb>
-<re_nokanji/>
-</r_ele>
@@ -16 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1374550">凄い</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1374550">凄い・2</xref>
4. A* 2016-02-03 00:43:40 
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>すっごく</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
3. A 2015-03-21 21:06:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2409780 Active (id: 2353436)
公教育
こうきょういく
1. [n]
▶ public education (including private schools under the Japanese national education system)
▶ state education



History:
7. A 2025-12-03 06:06:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
6. A* 2025-12-02 00:00:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
How's this?
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>public education (esp. primary and secondary schools, incl. private schools in Japan)</gloss>
+<gloss>public education (including private schools under the Japanese national education system)</gloss>
+<gloss>state education</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-01 12:39:05  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=state+education
state education
公教育

100% of these UK "state education" examples would be "public education" in the U.S.

"state education"
https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/all-about/education
State education is the responsibility of Surrey County Council, including nurseries, primary and secondary schools, special schools, pupil referral units and academies. 

Government’s VAT on private schools could heap more pressure on state education
https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/opinion/columnists/governments-vat-on-private-schools-could-heap-more-pressure-on-state-education-5231439
Private schools are a pressure release valve on the state education system. If more and more of them close, then the demand will only increase on state schools.

Campaign for State Education
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_for_State_Education?utm_source=chatgpt.com

https://www.theguardian.com/education/2024/oct/08/vat-private-school-fees-no-delay-says-minister?utm_source=chatgpt.com
“[Neither] I, nor any of my colleagues, will make any apology for wanting to improve state education across this country to make sure that the aspiration of every parent in our country to get the best possible education for their children can be fulfilled.”

https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/oct/22/exclusive-90-of-uk-schools-will-go-bust-next-year-heads-warn?utm_source=chatgpt.com
The government must intervene as a matter of urgency. State education must be funded adequately by the state.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)
   *** "For publicly funded schools, see State school"
  Comments:
I supposed I was trying to address a very narrow use case that applied to me personally ("wanting to teach in 公教育 vs 塾").  This does require careful consideration before an American audience. 

But I never really liked glosses like "formal education" except in vary narrow circumstances.  I appreciate your condensed version of my spiel. It at least highlights that there is a problem.

It's a little labored, but adding "in Japan" points to the exceptional nature of the Japanese system.  公教育 includes 私立学校 in Japan, but excludes private schools in almost every other country. (アメリカ公教育 *excludes* private schools, just like "public education").

You could consider re-adding "accredited".  International Schools are excluded. But that's a minor corner case.

I think there is a cogent argument for "state education" as a second gloss.  Whatever their opinion of "public education" may be, "state education" certainly seemed legitimate to Brits.  I know one, I may be able to ask him next week.  If he has strong feelings, I'll come suggest it.  I'm including the refs I encountered just in case.  I wouldn't add it for AmE though.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>public education (esp. primary and secondary schools, incl. private schools)</gloss>
+<gloss>public education (esp. primary and secondary schools, incl. private schools in Japan)</gloss>
4. A* 2025-11-30 20:37:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A 2025-11-30 20:37:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
JEs, Daijisen
  Comments:
Strayed too far into an encyclopedic discussion. The simple "public education" needed a bit more, but the dated use of "public school" in the UK was a red herring.
I'll approve and reopen.
  Diff:
@@ -12,9 +12 @@
-<s_inf>usu. excludes post-secondary education in practice</s_inf>
-<gloss>Japanese public education (including accredited private schools)</gloss>
-<gloss>Japanese formal school system (in contrast with cram schools, etc.)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>public education (esp. of U.S. government-run K-12 education, excluding private schools)</gloss>
-<gloss>public school system</gloss>
-<gloss>state education (esp. of UK and Australian schools)</gloss>
+<gloss>public education (esp. primary and secondary schools, incl. private schools)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2556440 Rejected (id: 2353365)

およし
1. [exp] [fam]
▶ stop (it)
▶ quit (doing something)
▶ cut it out
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1310680 止める【やめる】 1. to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to end; to quit
  ⇒ see: 1310680 止める【やめる】 2. to cancel; to abandon; to give up; to abolish; to abstain; to refrain

History:
3. R 2025-12-02 11:14:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Did you really mean to xref this to itself?
Anyway, I have to reject it. I'll add a NEW およし entry instead.
2. A* 2025-12-02 02:37:08  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
およしなさい	7007
およし	24882 <-- this surely has other things mixed in though


泣くのはおよし (line is 30 seconds in)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd7mYbA_qjw

Recalling parental advice:
https://x.com/tururunrunrun/status/1983103114954879374
自分は両親(両家家元は会社なのですが)から「お金持ちの偉そうな人はおよし、
“Don’t get involved with rich, arrogant people; focus on people you get along with instead.”
  Comments:
See おいで for [fam], similar grammar. おくれ (new entry, also [fam]). Based on context (such as the song), this seems correct

This could almost be an [exp] on its own
泣くのはおよし	1210	  
泣くのはおよしよ	421	  
泣くのはおよしなさい 112

Chatgpt thinks やめる and およし are etymologically related.  Seems likely.  The xref is explanatory "it's a familiar command form of やめる". I deliberately xref'd both forms.  Parent's advice in the xref is not "stop", but "refrain" ("don't get involved with..."). Could be two senses here too.

chatgpt's opinion:
"Nuance: Firm but mature. Often sounds like a mother scolding a child or an older person warning someone. "Stop that behavior.""
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<reb>およしなさい</reb>
+<reb>およし</reb>
@@ -9 +9,6 @@
-<gloss>please stop</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2556440">およしなさい</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1310680">止める・やめる</xref>
+<misc>&fam;</misc>
+<gloss>stop (it)</gloss>
+<gloss>quit (doing something)</gloss>
+<gloss>cut it out</gloss>
1. A 2010-07-11 07:45:09 

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2556440 Deleted (id: 2353491)
お止しなさい
およしなさい
1. [exp] [uk]
▶ please stop
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1310600 止す【よす】 1. to stop (doing); to cease; to desist; to drop; to lay off; to give up; to quit



History:
4. D 2025-12-04 02:35:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
We don't need both およし and this one.
3. D* 2025-12-03 00:38:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
おやめなさい	18,706	- not in jmdict
  Comments:
I don't think this is needed. Standard grammatical construction. Not especially common.
2. A 2025-12-02 11:17:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
お止しなさい	942	11.9%
およしなさい	7007	88.1%
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>お止しなさい</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1310600">止す・よす</xref>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
1. A 2010-07-11 07:45:09 

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2582440 Deleted (id: 2353314)
鳥肌になる鶏肌になる [sK]
とりはだになる
1. [v5r,vi] [rare]
▶ to get goosebumps
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2213430 鳥肌が立つ 1. to get goosebumps

Conjugations


History:
6. D 2025-12-02 00:50:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, ...になる can be used all over the place.
5. D* 2025-12-02 00:01:55  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not in my refs. I think this can go.
4. A 2025-12-01 22:19:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-01 16:40:10  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 鳥肌が立つ   │ 80,162 │ 99.6% │
│ 鳥肌になる   │    299 │  0.4% │
│ 鶏肌になる   │      0 │  0.0% │
│ とりはだになる │      0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -18 +19,2 @@
-<gloss>to have goosebumps</gloss>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>to get goosebumps</gloss>
2. A 2010-09-20 04:23:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2625370 Active (id: 2353312)
桜鍋さくら鍋
さくらなべ
1. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ horse meat hotpot
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1298490 桜肉 1. horse meat
  ⇐ see: 1593710 桜【さくら】 5. horse meat



History:
7. A 2025-12-02 00:08:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2625370">桜鍋</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1298490">桜肉</xref>
6. A* 2025-12-01 02:43:58  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Horse Meat Cuisine: The Rich Culinary World of Horse Meat
https://japan-food.guide/en/articles/horse-meat-cuisine
Sakura-Nabe (Horse Meat Hot Pot)

"horse meat sashimi" not hyphenated in practice:
https://x.com/search?q="horse-meat sashimi"&src=typed_query&f=live
  Comments:
The straight xref to 桜肉 seems much clearer/cleaner to me.  桜 means "horse meat" because of 桜肉, not the other way around.

Obviously "horsemeat hotpot" wouldn't need the hyphen if we switch that we everywhere.

But actually, I don't think this particular hyphen is required. Google search for "horse meat hotpot" shows the hyphen is uncommon, and that this is also more common than "horsemeat hotpot" (though there are plenty of hits for that as well).  

Do a google video search for "horse meat hotpot", and the only hyphens are by Japanese people translating to English. 

Looking at twitter, "horse meat" is clearly more common than horsemeat in these contexts, though that could reflect audience size.
  Diff:
@@ -15,2 +15 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1593710">桜・4</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1593710">桜・4</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2625370">桜鍋</xref>
@@ -18 +17 @@
-<gloss>horse-meat hotpot</gloss>
+<gloss>horse meat hotpot</gloss>
5. A 2023-10-24 10:48:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2023-10-24 08:13:23  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
桜鍋	8421	72.0%
さくら鍋	3280	28.0%
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>さくら鍋</keb>
@@ -13,0 +17 @@
+<field>&food;</field>
3. A 2011-04-18 05:34:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2705770 Active (id: 2353317)
雑肉
ざつにく
1. [n]
▶ tough cuts and fat trimmings (used for minced meat, etc.)
2. [n]
▶ meat other than beef, pork or poultry (e.g. horse meat)
3. [n]
▶ offal
▶ variety meats



History:
5. A 2025-12-02 00:58:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD (separate sense): 〔臓物・舌など, 一般には食用に供されない動物の部分〕 《米》variety meat(s); 《英》offal.
  Comments:
Best in its own sense.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>offal</gloss>
+<gloss>variety meats</gloss>
4. A* 2025-12-02 00:43:55  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
smk: 牛肉・豚肉の、あいびきなどに使う部分。〔すね肉などの堅い部分や脂身などを指す〕
  Comments:
None of the kokugos mention entrails for sense 1.
  Diff:
@@ -12,4 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2522060">くず肉・くずにく</xref>
-<gloss>variety meat</gloss>
-<gloss>offal</gloss>
-<gloss>scrap meat</gloss>
+<gloss>tough cuts and fat trimmings (used for minced meat, etc.)</gloss>
@@ -19 +16 @@
-<gloss>meat other than pork, beef or poultry (e.g. horse meat, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>meat other than beef, pork or poultry (e.g. horse meat)</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-01 01:59:47  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_meat
  Comments:
Consistency on "horse meat".  I do not object to "horsemeat" and I don't object to listing both, but the entries should be consistent.  We literally had "horse meat" for 桜肉 and "horsemeat" for 馬肉.

My intuition was "horse meat", probably because Americans don't actually eat horse as a rule.  My spellchecker actually calls "horsemeat" a mistake.  But double-checking gpt says horsemeat was probably better so if I went the wrong way, I apologize.
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<gloss>meat other than pork, beef or poultry (e.g. horsemeat, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>meat other than pork, beef or poultry (e.g. horse meat, etc.)</gloss>
2. A 2012-04-26 10:06:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, KOD追加語彙
  Comments:
KOD追加語彙 has three senses, but two look the same to me. Daijr has two.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2522060">くず肉・くずにく</xref>
@@ -13,1 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>hard parts of meat used to make ground meat, etc.</gloss>
+<gloss>offal</gloss>
+<gloss>scrap meat</gloss>
@@ -17,1 +19,1 @@
-<gloss>meat other than pork, beef or poultry (horsemeat, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>meat other than pork, beef or poultry (e.g. horsemeat, etc.)</gloss>
1. A* 2012-04-25 14:23:36  Marcus
  Refs:
EDR日英対訳辞書, eij, daijs

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2715080 Active (id: 2353331)
おっ広げる押っ広げる [rK]
おっぴろげる
1. [v1,vt] [uk,col]
《emphatic form of 広げる》
▶ to spread
▶ to extend
▶ to expand
▶ to enlarge
▶ to widen
▶ to broaden
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1602370 広げる 1. to spread; to extend; to expand; to enlarge; to widen; to broaden
2. [v1,vt] [uk,col]
▶ to unfold
▶ to open
▶ to unroll
▶ to unwrap
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1602370 広げる 2. to unfold; to open; to unroll; to unwrap
3. [v1,vt] [uk,col]
▶ to scatter about
▶ to spread around
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1602370 広げる 3. to scatter about; to spread around
4. [v1,vt] [uk,col]
▶ to make flourish
▶ to cause to prosper
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1602370 広げる 4. to make flourish; to cause to prosper

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-02 02:07:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・ひろげる・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・1</xref>
@@ -31 +31 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・ひろげる・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・2</xref>
@@ -42 +42 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・ひろげる・3</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・3</xref>
@@ -51 +51 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・ひろげる・4</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1602370">広げる・4</xref>
4. A 2025-12-01 22:09:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-01 11:59:10  parfait8
  Refs:
sankoku, daijr, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ おっ広げる  │  61 │ 15.8% │
│ 押っ広げる  │   0 │  0.0% │ add rK
│ おっぴろげる │ 325 │ 84.2% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
  Comments:
from my refs the meaning seems to be mostly "to spread esp. one's legs"
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16,0 +18,2 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
@@ -28,0 +32,2 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
@@ -37,0 +43,2 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
@@ -44,0 +52,2 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
2. A 2012-05-22 18:17:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-05-22 05:33:37  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2790480 Active (id: 2353322)

デコ
1. [n] [abbr]
《usu. in compounds》
▶ decoration
▶ ornamental item
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1082810 デコレーション 1. decoration



History:
5. A 2025-12-02 01:31:00  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
meikyo: 多く他の語と複合して使う
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<s_inf>usu. in compounds</s_inf>
4. A 2025-12-01 06:08:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-01 05:01:18 
  Comments:
split
  Diff:
@@ -13,5 +12,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&abbr;</misc>
-<gloss>decompensated congestive heart failure</gloss>
2. A 2013-06-06 11:20:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
As a kana-only term it would only be merged with でこ 《凸》 if it had the same meaning.
1. A* 2013-06-06 07:17:59  Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
One of the most commonly used Japanese words not yet in EDICT, I would think. (Sense #1, that is.)
.
EDICT alredy has 
デコ電 【デコでん】 (n) (See 姫電) decorated cell phone; ED
and
デコる (v5r,vt) to decorate; to prettify; 
to attach a decorative sticker, cover, bauble, etc. to a cell phone, notebook, slippers, etc.
... but not デコ (yet)
.
Reference:
デコレーション(装飾)の短縮形。ラインストーンやビーズ、模造パールなどで携帯電話のほか、手鏡、ペンなどをキラキラと飾ること。オーダーを受ける専門店もある。
http://kotobank.jp/word/デコ
.
Example:
iPhoneの女性向けカメラアプリで利用します。
デコ素材とは、写真の上にスタンプやイラスト、フレームなどで装飾(デコレーション)するための素材です。
.
Sense #2:
(非代償性うっ血性)心不全(英:decompensated congestive heart failure)の略称・俗称。
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/デコ
.
I'm not quite sure if the entry I'm submitting should be merged with
でこ 《凸》 (n) (uk) (sens) (See お凸・1) brow; forehead 
(I've forgotten the criteria)
The existing entry has a kanji form 凸, of course, which the other senses don't have.
  Comments:
A further sense of the word should go in ENAMDICT rather than in this same entry, I suppose:
"Deko, nickname of Anderson Luis de Souza (1977-), soccer Portuguese player"
.
デコ(Deco)ことアンデルソン・ルイス・デ・ソウザ(Anderson Luis de Souza, 1977年8月27日 - )は、…
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アンデルソン・ルイス�%8
3�デ・ソウザ

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jmdict 2813470 Active (id: 2353489)

ズボッとずぼっと
1. [adv] [on-mim]
▶ (going) right into (a tight space)
▶ (sinking into) deeply and suddenly
▶ (popping) out
▶ (coming out) with a pop
▶ with a squelch
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868224 指ズボ【ゆびズボ】 1. poking (e.g. a cat) with one's finger



History:
6. A 2025-12-04 01:53:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-04 00:15:22  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think this is clearer.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,5 @@
-<gloss>(something going or coming) right into or right out (of a place where it fits snugly)</gloss>
+<gloss>(going) right into (a tight space)</gloss>
+<gloss>(sinking into) deeply and suddenly</gloss>
+<gloss>(popping) out</gloss>
+<gloss>(coming out) with a pop</gloss>
+<gloss>with a squelch</gloss>
4. A 2025-12-02 11:00:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Hmm
3. A* 2025-12-02 02:00:31 
  Comments:
adverb gloss
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>something going right into or coming right out of a place where it fits snugly</gloss>
+<gloss>(something going or coming) right into or right out (of a place where it fits snugly)</gloss>
2. A 2014-04-08 06:48:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2845848 Active (id: 2353330)
猫にまたたびお女郎に小判猫に木天蓼お女郎に小判
ねこにまたたびおじょろうにこばん
1. [exp] [proverb]
▶ everyone has their favorite
▶ pick the right thing to please someone
▶ [lit] catnip for cats, gold coins for prostitutes
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1534790 【またたび】 1. silver vine (Actinidia polygama); cat powder
  ⇒ see: 1348670 小判 1. koban; small oval gold coin used in the Edo period



History:
4. A 2025-12-02 02:05:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1534790">木天蓼・またたび</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1534790">またたび</xref>
3. A 2025-12-01 19:34:53  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
〈猫/ねこ/ネコ〉に〈木天蓼/またたび/マタタビ〉
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 猫にまたたび  │ 9,681 │ 45.0% │
│ 猫にマタタビ  │ 4,004 │ 18.6% │
│ ねこに木天蓼  │ 1,173 │  5.5% │
│ 猫に木天蓼   │   272 │  1.3% │
│ ネコに木天蓼  │     0 │  0.0% │
│ ねこにまたたび │ 2,447 │ 11.4% │
│ ネコにマタタビ │ 2,250 │ 10.5% │
│ ネコにまたたび │   952 │  4.4% │
│ ねこにマタタビ │   715 │  3.3% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

〈御/お〉〈女郎/じょろう〉に〈小判/こばん/コバン〉
╭─ーーーーーー─┬────╮
│ お女郎に小判 │ 99 │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>猫に木天蓼お女郎に小判</keb>
+<keb>猫にまたたびお女郎に小判</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>猫にまたたびお女郎に小判</keb>
+<keb>猫に木天蓼お女郎に小判</keb>
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1534790">木天蓼</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1534790">木天蓼・またたび</xref>
2. A 2020-07-31 06:30:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Some tweaks. I realise 木天蓼 isn't actualy catnip, but it gets the meaning across.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<misc>&proverb;</misc>
@@ -19 +20 @@
-<gloss>catnip for cats, gold coins for prostitutes</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="lit">catnip for cats, gold coins for prostitutes</gloss>
1. A* 2020-07-31 02:59:15  Opencooper
  Refs:
* daijs: https://kotobank.jp/word/猫に木天蓼お女郎に小判-594785
* daijr: https://kotobank.jp/word/猫にまたたび,お女郎に小判-352530
* imidas: https://imidas.jp/proverb/detail/X-02-C-24-2-0005.html
  Comments:
First time doing an entry like this. Not sure if I'm doing it right or these are even good/correct glosses.

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jmdict 2862938 Active (id: 2353400)
神殺し
かみごろしかみころし
1. [n]
▶ deicide
▶ killing God
2. [n] {food, cooking}
▶ extreme level of spice
▶ extreme spiciness



History:
12. A 2025-12-02 23:28:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
11. A* 2025-12-02 17:37:55  Sombrero1
  Comments:
noun gloss
  Diff:
@@ -21 +21,2 @@
-<gloss>extremely spicy</gloss>
+<gloss>extreme level of spice</gloss>
+<gloss>extreme spiciness</gloss>
10. A* 2025-11-28 18:00:09  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://tabelog.com/tokyo/A1319/A131904/13145826/dtlrvwlst/B77081893/  長年気になっていた神殺し…その実態は! 
https://karameter.com/jp/stores/8255/15318/ 勝浦式坦々麺 神殺し
https://www.instagram.com/p/CnBwx5byILK/
  Comments:
Seems to be a level of spiciness in some restaurants.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,6 @@
+<gloss>killing God</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&food;</field>
+<gloss>extremely spicy</gloss>
9. A 2024-10-10 22:52:40  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://dic.pixiv.net/a/神殺し
8. A* 2024-10-10 22:49:12 
  Comments:
all examples on youglish pronounce it as かみごろし
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>かみころし</reb>
+<reb>かみごろし</reb>
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<reb>かみごろし</reb>
+<reb>かみころし</reb>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868158 Active (id: 2353522)
間々あるまま有る [sK]
ままある
1. [exp,v5r-i] [uk]
▶ to be not uncommon
▶ to happen fairly often
▶ to occur with some frequency
▶ to often be the case

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2025-12-04 10:14:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-12-04 07:16:39  GM <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
6. A 2025-12-03 02:24:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ままある	60,551	86.7%	
間々ある	8,353	12.0%	
まま有る	849	1.2%	
間々有る	120	0.2%
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>まま有る</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,0 +17,3 @@
+<gloss>to be not uncommon</gloss>
+<gloss>to happen fairly often</gloss>
+<gloss>to occur with some frequency</gloss>
@@ -14,2 +20,0 @@
-<gloss>to occur frequently</gloss>
-<gloss>to happen occasionally</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-02 19:54:37 
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>間々ある</keb>
+</k_ele>
4. A 2025-11-23 22:25:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868227 Active (id: 2353353)
各者
かくしゃ
1. [n]
▶ each person
▶ each party
▶ all parties



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 05:51:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
各者	7630
  Comments:
Really an expression.各+者.
1. A* 2025-11-30 07:51:17 
  Refs:
https://www.weblio.jp/content/各者
used from time to time in the book 新次元麻雀 ~場況への実戦的対応とケイテンの極意~ in a similar sense to the mahjong-specific term 他家
e.g.「……後に危険になる牌を各者に対して考えてみると……」

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jmdict 2868231 Active (id: 2353409)
動脈血ガス分析
どうみゃくけつガスぶんせき
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ arterial blood gas analysis
▶ ABGA



History:
3. A 2025-12-03 00:24:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_blood_gas_test
  Comments:
I don't think the x-ref is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2868244">動脈血ガス</xref>
@@ -14,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>ABGA</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-02 05:58:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
動脈血ガス	1971
動脈血ガス分析	1121
  Comments:
Most common compound of 動脈血ガス.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868244">動脈血ガス</xref>
1. A* 2025-11-30 23:53:37 
  Refs:
https://kobe-kishida-clinic.com/medical-device/arterial-blood-gas-abg/

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jmdict 2868232 Active (id: 2353426)
会に合わぬ花
えにあわぬはな
1. [exp,n] [id]
▶ something that comes too late to be of any use
▶ arriving after the ship has sailed
▶ [lit] flowers that don't arrive in time for a Buddhist service



History:
5. A 2025-12-03 02:54:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-03 00:33:26  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj: (法会などに間に合わない花の意)時機におくれて役に立たないもののたとえ。
  Comments:
Koj uses "もの". I think it can refer either to the act or the thing itself.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>something arriving too late to be useful</gloss>
+<gloss>something that comes too late to be of any use</gloss>
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss g_type="lit">flowers that didn't make it on time to a Buddhist memorial service</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="lit">flowers that don't arrive in time for a Buddhist service</gloss>
3. A 2025-12-02 05:53:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think that replacement was a bit too idiomatic to be the sole non-literal sense.
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>something arriving too late to be useful</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-02 02:04:21 
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -13 +14 @@
-<gloss>something arriving too late to be useful</gloss>
+<gloss>arriving after the ship has sailed</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-01 04:52:36  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
デジタル大辞泉 「法会に間に合わない花。時期遅れで役に立たないことのたとえ。」

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jmdict 2868233 Deleted (id: 2353321)

デコ
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ decompensated congestive heart failure



History:
3. D 2025-12-02 01:28:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
It has "(非代償性鬱血性)心不全(英:decompensated congestive heart failure)の略称・俗称。" under "DECO". Doesn't appear to be common. I don't think we need it.
2. D* 2025-12-01 06:27:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/デコ
  Comments:
I don't think the Wikipedia page for デコ really supports this as an entry.
1. A* 2025-12-01 05:01:25 
  Comments:
split

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jmdict 2868235 Active (id: 2353318)
質より量
しつよりりょう
1. [exp]
▶ quantity over quality
▶ quantity before quality
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1916080 量より質 1. quality over quantity; quality before quantity



History:
6. A 2025-12-02 00:59:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-01 23:59:16  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Making consistent w/xref
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>quantity before quality</gloss>
4. A 2025-12-01 21:59:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
OED: a word or phrase that is opposite in meaning to another word or phrase in the same language
  Comments:
It is.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1916080">量より質</xref>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1916080">量より質</xref>
3. A* 2025-12-01 12:52:09  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Is this actually [ant]?  I'm scared to attempt it.

The missing xref allowed the glosses to become inconsistent(over vs. before), another good reason to have them.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1916080">量より質</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1916080">量より質</xref>
2. A 2025-12-01 10:52:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Eijiro, Reverso
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868238 Active (id: 2353320)
マン肉
マンにく
1. [n] [sl,vulg]
▶ pussy meat
▶ vulva



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 01:18:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<gloss>vaginal flesh</gloss>
+<gloss>vulva</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-01 11:01:26  parfait8
  Refs:
https://dic.pixiv.net/a/マン肉

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────╮
│ マン肉 │ 3,234 │
╰─ーーー─┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868239 Active (id: 2353316)
よがり声善がり声良がり声ヨガリ声 [sK]
よがりごえ
1. [n]
▶ sexual moan
▶ cries of pleasure



History:
3. A 2025-12-02 00:58:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
善がり声 is >3%. Given that this isn't a common word, I don't think [rK] is needed on 良がり声 either.
  Diff:
@@ -8,2 +8 @@
-<keb>良がり声</keb>
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<keb>善がり声</keb>
@@ -12,2 +11 @@
-<keb>善がり声</keb>
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<keb>良がり声</keb>
@@ -24 +22 @@
-<gloss>sexual moans</gloss>
+<gloss>sexual moan</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-01 22:04:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-01 12:21:37  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, gg5, jitsuyou, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ よがり声  │ 2,140 │ 79.2% │
│ ヨガリ声  │   389 │ 14.4% │
│ 善がり声  │    84 │  3.1% │
│ 良がり声  │    58 │  2.1% │
│ よがりごえ │    30 │  1.1% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868241 Active (id: 2353404)
鳥肌立つ鳥肌だつ [sK]
とりはだだつ
1. [v5t,vi]
▶ to get goosebumps
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2213430 鳥肌が立つ 1. to get goosebumps
2. [v5t,vi]
▶ to be deeply moved (so that one gets goosebumps)
▶ to get chills
▶ to feel shivers
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2213430 鳥肌が立つ 2. to be deeply moved (so that one gets goosebumps); to get chills; to feel shivers

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-03 00:06:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -21 +20,0 @@
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -22,0 +22 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
4. A 2025-12-02 20:04:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-02 11:38:57  Sombrero1
  Comments:
Aligning with Robin's version and applying xref
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -22 +23 @@
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2213430">鳥肌が立つ・2</xref>
@@ -24 +25,2 @@
-<gloss>to shudder from emotion</gloss>
+<gloss>to get chills</gloss>
+<gloss>to feel shivers</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-01 22:02:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-01 16:42:51  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 鳥肌立つ │ 15,180 │ 99.5% │
│ 鳥肌だつ │     81 │  0.5% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
Sankoku, GendaiSK

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jmdict 2868242 Active (id: 2355126)
お呉れ [rK]
おくれ
1. [exp] [uk,dated]
《after the -te form of a verb》
▶ please do (for me)



History:
5. A 2025-12-23 23:45:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think [dated] is sufficient. "used as role language" applies to dated language as a whole.
4. A* 2025-12-23 10:05:51  Sombrero1
  Refs:
*Nikkoku:
お‐く・れる 【御呉】
〔他ラ下一〕
(「お」は接頭語)
(1)(話し手にものを)与えるの意の尊敬語。「おくれ」の形で用いて、与えてくれることを望む意にいう。

(2)(動詞の連用形に「て」を添えた形に付いて、補助動詞として用いる)ある事柄をしてくれるの意にいう。多く「…ておくれ」の形で用い、願望の気持を表わす。

 歌舞伎・幼稚子敵討〔1753〕二「真実聞てをくれるか。コレ、聞てをくれるなら、御誓言でちょっと承り度ふござります」
 滑稽本・浮世風呂〔1809〜13〕前・上「おぢさんが折角うめてお呉(クレ)だは」


*https://sucra.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/19927/files/KY-AA11946779-20-05.pdf
”本稿の考察対象である「~ておくれ」とは,動詞等のテ形に接頭辞「お」,
そして「くれる」の連用形が後接したものである”

”2 つ目は,現代小説の会話文における,「~ておくれ」を用いる人物の特徴に
ついての分析である.以下の 5 つの特徴を挙げている.
 a.老年男性
 b.中年以上の女性
 c.田舎の人物
 d.江戸時代の人物
 e.平安時代・戦国時代の人物 
(森 2018:262,項目名のみ抜粋)”

Main conclusion points of the paper (I didn't read all 21 pages):
"①主に創作物のセリフなどにおいて役割語的に(キャラクター演出・時代
演出に)用いる行為指示表現.また,特別な表現効果を狙って用いる自
己演出のための行為指示表現.
 ②主に書き言葉(打ちことば)で当為や願望,祈願を表す表現."


*https://ja.hinative.com/questions/4073981

Answer 1
[...]
"しておくれ"は丁寧なお願いです。特に文学作品で老人によく使われてますが、若い人は口語では使わないです。
[...]
Answer 2
〜してくれ=してください のていねいじゃない言い方。命令のよう。 〜しておくれ=〜してください と同じ意味だが、古い言い方。時代劇や昔話で使われる。

*
There are a staggering 746 results for the sequence{て}{お〘語彙素=御〙}{〘語彙素=呉れる〙}in the CHJ (Corpus of historial Japanese), and a respectable 268 in the BCCWJ. 
But throughout all 話し言葉 corpora there is but one hit.


.
  Comments:
Can't have an xref since we don't have an entry for お呉れる.
I think I've heard it maybe once or twice somewhere, I can't recall exactly where but I think it was in an anime.
[dated] seems reasonable.

Maybe having a note like [note="primarily used in written language or as role language"] would be helpful (We have an entry for 役割語).
Also thought about a [form] tag, but that may not be wholly appropriate.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref>
3. A* 2025-12-22 22:44:02 
  Comments:
"for one" makes no sense

surely this is dated? I have seen it in a Taisho period manga but nowhere else
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1269130">呉れる・3</xref>
+<xref type="see">おくれる・3</xref>
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<misc>&fam;</misc>
+<misc>&dated;</misc>
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>please do (for one)</gloss>
+<gloss>please do (for me)</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-04 07:02:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've indexed 4 sentences.
1. A* 2025-12-02 03:03:13  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Just some examples for magnitude:
しておくれ	81229
やっておくれ	9083
見ておくれ	8016
見せておくれ	7017

*possibly* derived from おくれなさい, but that's incidental. Unlike おいで, *not* [abbr]
おくれなさい	287	
しておくれなさい	23


してお呉れ	143	86.7%
やってお呉れ	0	0.0%
見せてお呉れ	0	0.0%
見てお呉れ	22	13.3%


見せておくれ とはどういう意味ですか?
https://ja.hinative.com/questions/16922878
見せてください。
ただし、私たちは日常会話では「見せておくれ」を使用しません。

Grammar detail: ておくれ
https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/ておくれ
〜ておくれ is sometimes encountered as an imperative form of a verb. Its similarity to several other constructions can be confusing: is it something to do with ておく? Is it connected with 遅れる (to be late)? Is it a kana form of the set expression 手遅れ (be too late)? Is it a mistyped version of 手をくれ?
In fact, it is none of these - it is a 'softened' form of the てくれる form, used as an imperative. The 〜てくれる form is used to indicate receiving something, so the imperative form 〜てくれ effectively means 'give me ~' or 'do ~ for me'. However, since that sounds somewhat abrupt, the お is used in a similar way as the honorific お in おみせ 店 to 'soften' the sound a little and make it a little less harsh.
  Comments:
The structure of this entry mirrors お出で[2], and I think the grammar is related. Also matches およし a little bit, but this entry is far more useful.

Encountered in a folk talk. "(please) Kindly take care of the kids (for me)".
子供を可愛がってやっておくれ

I wouldn't suggest if this was general grammar, but this seems like a relatively special/fossilized usage of the verb 呉れる in particular.  As noted in the refs, confusion over encountering おくれ is a common experience. Would be helpful if a search for "おくれ" turned up something definitive.

Japanese teacher says well-understood, old-timey feel. Maybe her grandparents might have used it. Ref notes:
"〜ておくれ can sound a bit emotional, tender, or even desperate, depending on the context."
"Outside of literature, drama, or songs, hearing someone use おくれ in everyday conversation would feel old-fashioned. "

That said, it seems used a lot on twitter, perhaps playfully. Several hits *per hour*. Don't know if it's a revival from mass-media, or if it never went away.
https://x.com/search?q="見せておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live
https://x.com/search?q="やっておくれ"&src=typed_query&f=live

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jmdict 2868243 Active (id: 2353351)
複業
ふくぎょう
1. [n] [col]
▶ working multiple full-time jobs



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 05:47:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-02 04:31:25  Joe Murray
  Refs:
http://zokugo-dict.com/28hu/hukugyou.htm
https://kotobank.jp/word/複業-617175#w-617175

daijs, zokugo

複業	4214
  Comments:
Seems to be a play on 副業

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jmdict 2868244 Active (id: 2353407)
動脈血ガス
どうみゃくけつガス
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ arterial blood gas
▶ ABG



History:
2. A 2025-12-03 00:15:40  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-02 05:57:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
動脈血ガス	1971
KOD

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jmdict 2868245 Active (id: 2353473)
お止し
およし
1. [exp] [fam,uk]
▶ stop (it)
▶ quit (doing)
▶ cut it out
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1310600 【よす】 1. to stop (doing); to cease; to desist; to drop; to lay off; to give up; to quit



History:
2. A 2025-12-03 18:21:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1310600">止す・よす</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1310600">よす</xref>
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>quit</gloss>
+<gloss>quit (doing)</gloss>
1. A 2025-12-02 11:16:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
お止し	2256	8.3%
およし	24882	91.7%
  Comments:
See rejected edit to  2556440 (およしなさい)

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jmdict 2868246 Active (id: 2353437)

フィジェットボートフィジェット・ボート
1. [n]
▶ fidget board (for sensory stimulation, stress relief, etc.)



History:
2. A 2025-12-03 06:12:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Plenty of WWW hits.
  Comments:
Trimming.
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>フィジェット・ボート</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -9,2 +12 @@
-<gloss>fidget board</gloss>
-<gloss>tactile tool that provides sensory stimulation (used for stress relief, to improve focus, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>fidget board (for sensory stimulation, stress relief, etc.)</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-02 11:38:34 
  Refs:
https://ameblo.jp/armytan/entry-12917503847.html

https://learningcorner.co/activity/217725

https://www.amazon.co.jp/JIQINGFACAI/dp/B0D1KBNQV3?language=ja_JP&currency=JPY

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jmdict 2868247 Active (id: 2353390)
餌入れエサ入れ餌いれ [sK] 餌入 [sK] エサ入 [sK] えさ入 [sK]
えさいれ
1. [n]
▶ (animal) feed tray
▶ feed trough
▶ feed box
▶ feed bowl
▶ bait box (e.g. for fishing)



History:
3. A 2025-12-02 20:00:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-02 17:42:07  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 餌入れ  │ 25,605 │ 56.4% │
│ エサ入れ │ 17,932 │ 39.5% │
│ 餌いれ  │    780 │  1.7% │[sK]
│ 餌入   │    157 │  0.3% │[sK]
│ エサ入  │     70 │  0.2% │[sK]
│ えさ入  │     23 │  0.1% │[sK]
│ えさいれ │    807 │  1.8% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
Nikkoku, GG5


.
  Comments:
Glosses taken from 餌箱
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5,20 @@
-<keb>えさ入れ</keb>
+<keb>餌入れ</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>エサ入れ</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>餌いれ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>餌入</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>エサ入</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>えさ入</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -8 +27 @@
-<reb>えさ入れ</reb>
+<reb>えさいれ</reb>
@@ -12 +31,5 @@
-<gloss>???</gloss>
+<gloss>(animal) feed tray</gloss>
+<gloss>feed trough</gloss>
+<gloss>feed box</gloss>
+<gloss>feed bowl</gloss>
+<gloss>bait box (e.g. for fishing)</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-02 14:04:14 

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jmdict 2868248 Active (id: 2353399)
一人称視点
いちにんしょうしてん
1. [n]
▶ first-person perspective
▶ first-person point of view



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 23:24:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>first-person point of view</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-02 14:39:27  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=一人称視点
一人称視点
first-person perspective [standpoint, point of view, viewpoint, vantage point]

一人称	266729	  
一人称は	41771	  
一人称で	38050	  
一人称が	32220	  
一人称の	22325	  

一人称視点	13658	  <--- special
一人称小説	2337	  

Measured in hits-per-hour
https://x.com/search?q="一人称視点"&src=typed_query&f=live
  Comments:
A+B but still a word.  The most-common "adj-f" use of 一人称. 

Image search (video games). Google shows chatgpt was right, Japanese people actually use "一人称視点FPS" (highly redundant)

twitter shows the usual English uses (games, video, literature)

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jmdict 2868249 Active (id: 2353398)
一人称小説
いちにんしょうしょうせつ
1. [n]
▶ first-person novel
▶ novel written in the first person



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 23:17:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
1. A* 2025-12-02 14:51:51  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=一人称小説
novel written in the first person

2~8 hits/day:
https://x.com/search?q="一人称小説"&src=typed_query&f=live

一人称視点	13658	76.8%
一人称小説	2337	13.1%
一人称代名詞	1437	8.1%
一人称表現	200	1.1%
一人称文	53	0.3%
一人称話法	110	0.6%
  Comments:
I actually prefer eijiro's version (it's how I did translate it in my head).

There are 15+ pages of google books results with "first-person novel" though, 3 pages for "first-person narrative novel", 8 pages for "novel written in the first person".

Google widely favors the compact "first-person novel".

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jmdict 2868250 Active (id: 2353406)
閉塞性血栓性血管炎
へいそくせいけっせんせいけっかんえん
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ thromboangiitis obliterans
▶ Buerger disease
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868252 バージャー病 1. thromboangiitis obliterans; Buerger disease; Buerger's disease



History:
2. A 2025-12-03 00:14:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
最新医学大辞典
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868252">バージャー病</xref>
1. A* 2025-12-02 16:47:49 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/閉塞性血栓性血管炎

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboangiitis_obliterans

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jmdict 2868251 Active (id: 2353396)
ビュルガー病
ビュルガーびょう
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ thromboangiitis obliterans
▶ Buerger disease
▶ Buerger's disease
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868252 バージャー病 1. thromboangiitis obliterans; Buerger disease; Buerger's disease



History:
3. A 2025-12-02 23:13:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-02 17:48:36  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ バージャー病    │ 4,698 │ 77.0% │
│ ビュルガー病    │ 1,172 │ 19.2% │
│ 閉塞性血栓性血管炎 │   234 │  3.8% │
╰─ーーーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
GG5, daijr, LSD
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868252">バージャー病</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868252">バージャー病</xref>
@@ -14,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>Buerger's disease</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-02 16:55:34 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/閉塞性血栓性血管炎

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboangiitis_obliterans

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jmdict 2868252 Active (id: 2353397)
バージャー病
バージャーびょう
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ thromboangiitis obliterans
▶ Buerger disease
▶ Buerger's disease
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868251 ビュルガー病【ビュルガーびょう】 1. thromboangiitis obliterans; Buerger disease; Buerger's disease
  ⇐ see: 2868250 閉塞性血栓性血管炎【へいそくせいけっせんせいけっかんえん】 1. thromboangiitis obliterans; Buerger disease



History:
3. A 2025-12-02 23:15:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-02 17:46:32  Sombrero1
  Refs:
nanzando, LSD
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>Buerger's disease</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-02 16:55:59 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/閉塞性血栓性血管炎

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboangiitis_obliterans

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jmdict 2868253 Active (id: 2353622)
野兎
やと
1. [n]
▶ wild rabbit
▶ hare
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1192390 家兎 1. domestic rabbit; pet rabbit



History:
2. A 2025-12-05 17:43:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>wild rabbit</gloss>
@@ -14 +14,0 @@
-<gloss>wild rabbit</gloss>
1. A 2025-12-02 23:59:26  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Comments:
Split from 1643310.

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jmnedict 5042698 Deleted (id: 2353324)

ジンギス・カン
1. [person]
▶ Genghis Khan (1162-1227)



History:
1. D 2025-12-02 01:36:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merged

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jmnedict 5042699 Deleted (id: 2354150)

ジンギスカンジンギス・カン
1. [person]
▶ Genghis Khan (1162-1227)



History:
2. D 2025-12-11 10:53:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merged.
1. A 2025-12-02 01:36:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merging
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ジンギス・カン</reb>

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jmnedict 5051185 Active (id: 2354147)
成吉思汗
ジンギスカンジンギス・カンチンギスハーンチンギス・ハーンチンギスハンチンギス・ハンチンギスカンチンギス・カンジンギスハンジンギス・ハン
1. [person]
▶ Genghis Khan (c. 1162-1227)



History:
5. A 2025-12-11 10:52:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Tidying. Usually kana. One day we may be able to add [sk] tags.
  Diff:
@@ -7,3 +7,9 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>チンギス汗</keb>
-</k_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ジンギスカン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ジンギス・カン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チンギスハーン</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -14 +20,16 @@
-<reb>チンギスハーン</reb>
+<reb>チンギスハン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チンギス・ハン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チンギスカン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チンギス・カン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ジンギスハン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ジンギス・ハン</reb>
4. A* 2025-12-05 17:28:08  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5: チンギス・ハーン【成吉思汗】
daijr/s: チンギス‐ハン〔「成吉思汗」とも書く〕
nikk: ジンギス‐カン【成吉思汗】
koj: ジンギス‐かん【成吉思汗】
  Comments:
There's no need for a hiragana reading. Any of the readings can be written as 成吉思汗.
We really do need a search-only tag in jmnedict. That would allow us to put all the forms in one entry.
At the moment, チンギス汗 and ジンギス汗 will have to remain separate entries.
3. A* 2025-12-02 05:26:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ジンギスカン	1131796
ジンギス・カン	1156
チンギス・ハーン	49751
チンギスハーン	15558
チンギスハン	10637
チンギス・ハン	21572
チンギスカン	1145
チンギス・カン	3314
ジンギスハン	308
ジンギス・ハン	116
  Comments:
I'm trying to sort out our messy Genghis Khan name entries. At present, we have 7 entries; 3 (or 4) with kanji forms and a total of 10 possible katakana forms, including variants and nakagura. What I propose initially is to have three kanji form entries:
- 成吉思汗/じんぎすかん
- ジンギス汗/ジンギスかん
- チンギス汗/チンギスかん
and a single entry with all the katakana forms, roughly in rfrequency order.
I'm opening this up for possible discussion, in case anyone can suggest a better alternative.
2. A 2024-05-25 04:16:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Sorry. Causing a Problem.
  Diff:
@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16 +14,0 @@
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
1. A* 2024-05-24 18:37:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
成吉思汗	        34,686	
チンギス汗	3,907		
チンギス・ハーン	49,751	
チンギスハーン	15,558		
チンギス・ハン	21,572			
チンギスハン	10,637		
チンギス・カン	3,314		
チンギスカン	1,145
  Comments:
Can we merge the other readings into this entry?
Assuming there are no issues with hidden forms in jmnedict, I'd like to propose this format for non-Japanese/Chinese names (only having the nakaguro forms visible). It's neater and it's what GG5 uses.
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<keb>成吉思汗</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -7,0 +12,3 @@
+<reb>チンギス・ハーン</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +16 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -12 +20 @@
-<gloss>Genghis Khan</gloss>
+<gloss>Genghis Khan (c. 1162-1227)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5197546 Active (id: 2353361)
喜生子
きおこ
1. [fem]
▶ Kioko



History:
4. A 2025-12-02 10:48:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Pas de problème.
3. A* 2025-12-02 06:56:28  Hendrik
  Comments:
Thanks (sorry about messing this up).
2. A 2025-11-29 04:28:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Needs a separate entry as  the reading must match. I have split it off.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<gloss>Kimiko</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-29 01:14:22  Hendrik
  Refs:
See my recent entry for 松竹喜生子 Kimiki Matsutake, whom I know personally
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>Kimiko</gloss>

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jmnedict 5432043 Deleted (id: 2354151)
成吉思汗
じんぎすかん
1. [person]
▶ Genghis Khan (1162-1227)



History:
2. D 2025-12-11 10:54:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merged.
1. A 2025-12-02 02:30:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ジンギスカン	1131796
ジンギス・カン	1156
チンギス・ハーン	49751
チンギスハーン	15558
チンギスハン	10637
チンギス・ハン	21572
チンギスカン	1145
ジンギスハン	308
ジンギス・ハン	116
ジンギス汗	1382
チンギス汗	3907
成吉思汗	34686
  Comments:
I'm consolidating the Genghis Khan name entries into just 4 for now.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>Genghis Khan</gloss>
+<gloss>Genghis Khan (1162-1227)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5747473 Active (id: 2353478)

クリスタ
1. [product]
▶ Clip Studio Paint (graphics software) (abbr)



History:
3. A 2025-12-03 20:22:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<gloss>Clip Studio Paint (abbr.)</gloss>
+<gloss>Clip Studio Paint (graphics software) (abbr)</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-03 03:17:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-02 19:21:20 
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIP_STUDIO_PAINT

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jmnedict 5747474 Active (id: 2353395)
Floorp
フロープ [spec1]
1. [product]
▶ Floorp (web browser)



History:
2. A 2025-12-02 23:12:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-02 23:06:17  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floorp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floorp
https://floorp.app/
>> Floorp is an open-source browser project derived from Firefox that started in Japan in 2021.

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