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jmdict 1061340 Active (id: 2354032)

シャーリング [gai1]
1. [n] {clothing}
▶ shirring



History:
1. A 2025-12-10 07:51:44  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<field>&cloth;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1163740 Active (id: 2354038)
一人称 [news2,nf44] 1人称 [sK]
いちにんしょう [news2,nf44]
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ first person
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1759160 第一人称【だいいちにんしょう】 1. first person
2. [n]
▶ self-reference term
▶ term used to refer to oneself in the first person



History:
17. A 2025-12-10 11:03:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I quite agree. These two senses are enough.
16. A* 2025-12-09 22:27:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
4 senses seems like overkill. We shouldn't overcomplicate things. I think these two senses cover everything, even the slangy parenthetical usage. The second sense probably doesn't need a grammar tag.
Articles are typically omitted from glosses. I don't think sense 1 needs one.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -20 +21 @@
-<gloss>(the) first person</gloss>
+<gloss>first person</gloss>
@@ -24,16 +25,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
-<misc>&net-sl;</misc>
-<s_inf>in parentheses, after a term such as オタク, 推し, etc.</s_inf>
-<gloss>me (speaking as a ...)</gloss>
-<gloss>this (otaku, fan, stan, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>self-reference term</gloss>
+<gloss>term used to refer to oneself in the first person</gloss>
15. A* 2025-12-09 03:08:29  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称

Final observations:
1. I think a split between "pronouns" and "the broader category of any self-reference" is both correct, and makes for cleaner glosses. Context dictates whether you mean "pronouns only" (foreign language classroom, for example), or something broader.
2. My earlier "e.g." enumerations excluded plurals. This was a mistake. 
3. Must not look like "a single word".  あの人 is considered a 三人称代名詞, but not a word
4. Probably all the senses are [gramm].
5. Search "の1人称代名詞" for evidence of alternate orthography

It makes sense that 一人称 is at once a shorthand for 一人称代名詞 in some contexts, while being a broader category in others.

But I know a Japanese professor of linguists who I will hopefully get to chat with over the holiday, in case there is some egregeious misunderstanding. But something like the current glosses should be alright, I think.

I've been regretting "you're truly" on [4]. It was a gpt suggestion, it's cute, and it makes some sense.  But it feels maybe overly dramatic, and I think the neutral approaches are safer without better evidence. I've yet to meet a Japanese person who has ever seen or used this themself.
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>1人称</keb>
@@ -21 +24,2 @@
-<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
@@ -23 +27,6 @@
-<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss>
@@ -31 +39,0 @@
-<gloss>yours truly</gloss>
14. A* 2025-12-04 14:28:56  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
"一人称がお父さん" yields 4 pages of results, including:

父の一人称が、「お父さん」から「俺」に変わったのだ
https://note.com/rlongki3/n/n188e4d2695cb
一人称と言うと、子を持つ親御さんなんかは「お父さん/お母さん」だったり「パパ/ママ」だったりすることも多いだろう。

一人称いちにんしょう( First person pronouns)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srzFMO_OfmI&t=1s
Spoken: "Today I want to explore ichininshou: first person pronouns ... 男性が使う一人称, male first-person pronouns, ..."
She defines as: "how you address or call yourself"

Another super-googlable expression: "男性が使う一人称"
  Comments:
I think the previous update got it. Tweaked a bit since it's still open, expanded the examples to clarify broadness without trying to define it.

Another native pointed out there are many non-pronoun options, not just names:  先輩(talking to 後輩), お母さん (talking to children), any older kinship title...  And since it's situationally dependent and not singular, I've dropped "one's" 

The ref'd article is a great, personal story, about a guy's father changing from お父さん to 僕 as he (the author) became an adult. all about 一人称.

"Japanese terms of self-reference" gets academic book hits with roughly equivalent definitions. It's not something we're coining.

"first-person pronoun" still dominates in practice, as in the second video, where a Japanese girl explains male pronouns using English.
  Diff:
@@ -21,3 +21,3 @@
-<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss>
-<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss>
+<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss>
+<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss>
13. A* 2025-12-03 17:26:56  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の一人称代名詞

私(わたし)
日本人が最も多く使用する一人称である。
  Comments:
My previous analysis was facile.  Could still be wrong after posting this. 

The smoking gun:
一人称が名前の	52	
google "一人称が名前の女" (20+ pages)

While an exception, one's own name cannot be a pronoun. (children using their own name as self-address).  Regardless, I think "pronoun" remains the most common translation, with 名前 as an exception. I would definitely not drop it.

The wikipedia article on 一人称代名詞 actually uses 一人称. 

I gave gemini the full text of the wikipedia article, and asked some basic questions. The conclusions are consistent with my own thinking to this point.  This is not authoritative, an LLM will say different things on different days.  But this does seem about right to me with all I've seen thus far. It's a good read.

https://gemini.google.com/share/e5bb9a719ece

I think this is correct:
"You use 一人称 (short form) because you are discussing [a person's] identity and choices. You would only use 一人称代名詞 (long form) if you were analyzing the word "Boku" itself as a linguistic object, unrelated to the specific [person] using it."

And I tend to believe this as well:
"In Japanese usage, if a child (or an adult acting cute) calls herself "Hanako," then "Hanako" is her 一人称 (ichininshō)."

I've been tempted to drop [fld=gramm] on my own for a bit. Gemini independently reached the same conclusion.

Transmuting 二人称 and 三人称 this way isn't trivial, but gemeni's initial ideas are(I have not massaged these):
二人称 
[2][n] term of address (for the listener); way of calling one's partner in conversation; choice of second-person pronoun (e.g. anata, kimi, omae)
三人称 
[2][n] third party; outsider; disinterested person; someone unconnected to the matter at hand (Synonymous with 第三者)

オタク(三人称)is actually a perfect example of 三人称[2]. オタク(third party).  I still support [3] here because it has a life of its own, but the revised [2] clarifies the meaning.I would not advocate a special 3rd gloss on the 2nd and 3rd person(they are far less common, and probably more practical/literal).

"オタク(一人称)" 31 pages of google hits
"オタク(ニ人称)" 2 pages of google hits (practically nothing)
"オタク(三人称)" 1 page of google hits
  Diff:
@@ -21,2 +21,3 @@
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>(a specific) first-person pronoun (e.g. watashi, boku, ore, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss>
+<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss>
(show/hide 12 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1192860 Active (id: 2354079)
果て [news1,nf15] [rK] [sK] 涯て [sK]
はて [news1,nf15]
1. [n]
▶ end
▶ extremity
▶ limit
2. [n]
▶ result
▶ outcome
▶ upshot
▶ consequence



History:
7. A 2025-12-10 23:34:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-12-10 23:06:47  parfait8
  Refs:
https://jiten.moe/parse?text=果て&mediaType=4&offset=0
  Comments:
seems to be used in quite a few famous novels (even if old), i think it should be visible (it's also in kanken, gendai and in the shinkoku kanji entry)
  Diff:
@@ -10,2 +10,2 @@
-<keb>果</keb>
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+<keb>涯</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<keb>涯</keb>
+<keb>果</keb>
5. A 2025-05-03 06:32:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Actually #2014280 (涯/はて).
There's a number of XXの果て entries where XXの涯 get reasonable n-grams. I'll add [sK] forms there too.
4. A* 2025-05-02 23:48:54  parfait8
  Comments:
see entry 96202
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>涯</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>涯て</keb>
3. A 2025-01-14 02:35:04  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
世界の果て	120,055		
世界の果	        384		
地の果て	        57,192		
地の果	        653
  Comments:
Daijr/s and koj only have 果て. I think 果 should be hidden.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -25,0 +27 @@
+<gloss>outcome</gloss>
@@ -28 +29,0 @@
-<gloss>outcome</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1195140 Active (id: 2354099)
苛める [ichi1] 虐める
いじめる [ichi1] イジメる [sk] イジめる [sk]
1. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to ill-treat
▶ to bully
▶ to torment
▶ to pick on
▶ to tease
▶ to be cruel to
▶ to persecute
2. [v1,vt] [uk]
▶ to be tough on (e.g. one's body)
▶ to treat harshly

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-12-11 01:03:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-12-10 21:58:46  parfait8
  Refs:
イジめて	2,113
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17,4 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>イジめる</reb>
5. A 2024-11-13 00:42:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2024-11-12 23:53:41  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 虐めて  │  24,684 │  9.8% │
│ 苛めて  │  22,336 │  8.8% │
│ いじめて │ 184,198 │ 72.9% │
│ イジメて │  21,444 │  8.5% │ add
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>イジメる</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3. A 2017-10-31 09:44:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1221410 Active (id: 2354074)
帰巣性
きそうせい
1. [n] {zoology}
▶ homing instinct
▶ homing ability
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868355 回帰性 1. homing instinct; homing ability



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:32:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 20:22:34  Sombrero1
  Refs:
岩波 生物学辞典 第4版

╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 回帰性 │ 4,712 │ 87.4% │Pending
│ 帰巣性 │   680 │ 12.6% │
╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868355">回帰性</xref>
+<field>&zool;</field>
@@ -12,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>homing ability</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1301030 Active (id: 2354120)
三人称3人称 [sK]
さんにんしょう
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ third person
2. [n]
▶ third-person reference term
▶ term used to refer to someone or something in the third person



History:
5. A 2025-12-11 02:27:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-10 22:28:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Style alignment with 二人称.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16 +17 @@
-<gloss>(the) third person</gloss>
+<gloss>third person</gloss>
@@ -20,10 +21,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2154580">三人称代名詞</xref>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>third-person pronoun</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
-<gloss>third-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>word or expression used to refer to someone or something other than the speaker or addressee(s)</gloss>
+<gloss>third-person reference term</gloss>
+<gloss>term used to refer to someone or something in the third person</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-09 03:06:34  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
A whole page on the 3rd person and japanese 3rd person pronouns that does not use the word 代名詞 at all
https://kotonohaweb.net/third-person/
日本語の 三人称 一覧
かれ(彼 男性をさす三人称。
かのじょ(彼女 あの女。その女。この女


Evidence for [3]?  Perhaps still [1].  I have read that English classes in Japan define 三人称 as "everything that isn't 一人称 or 二人称" for verb agreement purposes.  
https://www.rarejob.com/englishlab/column/20210902_03/
三人称とは、話し手と聞き手以外のすべての人やもののこと。つまり、I(私), we(私たち), you(あなた、あなたたち)を含まないものすべてということになります。he(彼), she(彼女), it(それ), Tom(トム), my book(私の本)などはすべて三人称です。
Google:
The third person refers to everyone and everything other than the speaker and listener. In other words, everything that doesn't include I, we, or you. He, she, it, Tom, and my book are all third person pronouns.

numeric orthography:
3人称単数の動詞に s が付く理由
https://nazebumpo.livedoor.blog/archives/353651.html
  Comments:
Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称

Unlike 一人称 and 二人称, selection of the "proper" 三人称 is not such a great topic of conversation.  Most uses I can find is just talking about pronouns, both Japanese and foreign."英語の三人称" for example (sometimes appears as 英語の三人称代名詞, but not always).

Still, it seems by extension that sense [3] must exist, at least in academic contexts.  I've tagged it [rare]. That seems better than omitting it and having it appear to be missing. There's an argument to drop it though. 

This supposes that あの人 is a third-person pronoun.  Japanese dictionaries seem to treat it as such.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>3人称</keb>
@@ -13 +16 @@
-<gloss>third person</gloss>
+<gloss>(the) third person</gloss>
@@ -19,0 +23,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>third-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>word or expression used to refer to someone or something other than the speaker or addressee(s)</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-02 03:36:35  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
https://kotobank.jp/word/三人称-514509#w-1983500
〘 名詞 〙 文法範疇(はんちゅう)の一つ。話し手(書き手)・聞き手(読み手)と区別して、それら以外の人、また、物・事態について、指し示す語。日本語では、代名詞についてだけいう。「あれ」「これ」「それ」「どれ」「彼(かれ)」「彼女」「どなた」「だれ」など。第三人称。他称。〔日本文典(1876)〕


三人称	46932	  
三人称の	6791	  
三人称で	6521	  
三人称に	3043	  
三人称が	1833	  
三人称を	1136	  
三人称視点で	1054	  
三人称は	1031	  
三人称的	997	  
三人称視点の	995	  
三人称と	963	  
三人称複数	912	  
三人称単数現在	872	  
三人称単数の	840	  
三人称で書かれ	722	  
三人称視点	689	  
三人称単数	606	  
三人称小説	500
  Comments:
daijs. see also 一人称
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2154580">三人称代名詞</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>third-person pronoun</gloss>
+</sense>
1. A 2021-12-14 01:51:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk convert ling to gramm
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
+<field>&gramm;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1311110 Active (id: 2354049)
[ichi1,news1,nf01]
わたし [ichi1,news1,nf01] ワタシ [sk]
1. [pn]
《slightly formal or feminine》
▶ I
▶ me
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2842390 私【わたくし】 1. I; me



History:
14. A 2025-12-10 20:04:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
13. A* 2025-12-10 18:19:45  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────────┬───────╮
│ 私が   │ 32,400,778 │ 93.6% │
│ わたしが │  1,834,049 │  5.3% │
│ ワタシが │    383,572 │  1.1% │ add
╰─ーーーー─┴────────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ワタシ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
12. A 2019-12-14 20:59:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm putting it back.
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<s_inf>slightly formal or feminine</s_inf>
11. A* 2019-12-13 22:43:24  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
The note was really intended for わたし, 
not わたくし (I wouldn't call わたくし 
"_slightly_ formal"). The references were 
all about わたし.
10. A* 2019-12-13 22:39:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
My first thought was "no way" as I was taught that わたし and わたくし were essentially the same. But I agree that the politeness, and slightly feminine nuance, not to mention the later senses, make it an uncomfortable combination. I've proposed a split.

Aside: I first heard わたくし spoken in 1982 when we took my elder daughter (then 10) to a Girls Scouts meeting in Nagano-ken. They had a formal "promise" recital which included use of わたくし. I've also heard it used by males in formal speeches.
  Diff:
@@ -16,4 +15,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>わたくし</reb>
-<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
-</r_ele>
@@ -22 +17,0 @@
-<s_inf>slightly formal or feminine</s_inf>
@@ -26,14 +20,0 @@
-<sense>
-<stagr>わたくし</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<gloss>private affairs</gloss>
-<gloss>personal matter</gloss>
-<gloss>secrecy</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>わたくし</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<gloss>selfishness</gloss>
-</sense>
(show/hide 9 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1410100 Active (id: 2354083)
対称 [ichi1,news2,nf33]
たいしょう [ichi1,news2,nf33]
1. [n]
▶ symmetry
2. [n] {grammar}
▶ second person
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1462500 二人称 1. second person



History:
9. A 2025-12-10 23:42:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
対称の is not "symmetrical".
  Diff:
@@ -18 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
8. A 2022-11-08 11:19:04  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1462500">二人称</xref>
7. A 2021-12-14 01:51:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk convert ling to gramm
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -23 +23 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
6. A 2020-03-08 02:25:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2020-03-07 12:55:49  dine <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr: 〔文法〕
gakken: 〔言語学・文法〕
smk: 〔文法で〕
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<field>&ling;</field>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1462500 Active (id: 2354062)
二人称2人称 [sK]
ににんしょう
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ second person
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1410100 対称【たいしょう】 2. second person
2. [n]
▶ second-person address term (e.g. pronoun, personal name, kinship term, title)
▶ form of address used for the second person



History:
6. A 2025-12-10 22:22:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think sense 2 is more colloquial. Probably shouldn't have a grammar tag.
  Diff:
@@ -21 +20,0 @@
-<field>&gramm;</field>
5. A 2025-12-10 11:04:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-09 20:39:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think we need a "second-person pronoun" sense in addition to these two. Sense 2 includes personal pronouns.
Definite article not needed for sense 1.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16,7 +17 @@
-<gloss>(the) second person</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2154570">二人称代名詞</xref>
-<field>&gramm;</field>
-<gloss>second-person pronoun</gloss>
+<gloss>second person</gloss>
@@ -27,2 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>second-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>word or expression used to refer to one's addressee(s)</gloss>
+<gloss>second-person address term (e.g. pronoun, personal name, kinship term, title)</gloss>
+<gloss>form of address used for the second person</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-09 03:07:16  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Elucidating. A whole subsection called 代名詞を使わない二人称
i.e. 二人称 that don't use pronouns
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の二人称代名詞
For example, kinship terms:
血縁関係
お父さん(パパ)・お母さん(ママ)・お爺ちゃん・お婆ちゃん・おじさん・おばさん 等
Customers: 
お客様
客に対して使う二人称。「お客さん」もよく使われる。
  Comments:
Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称

Notes mostly at 一人称. Some comments at 三人称.

お父さん cannot be [2]. But in many contexts 二人称 is being used as shorthand for "pronoun", especially in foreign language classroom contexts.

The wikipedia article is fascinating.  It has a whole section called "代名詞を使わない二人称".  We could dither about whether [3] is technically a contorted use of [1], but in practice for translation purposes, 二人称 seems to be used to mean "the words themselves".  The wikipedia example for お客様 is the most unambiguous:
お客様
客に対して使う二人称。「お客さん」もよく使われる。
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>2人称</keb>
@@ -13 +16 @@
-<gloss>second person</gloss>
+<gloss>(the) second person</gloss>
@@ -19,0 +23,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>second-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>word or expression used to refer to one's addressee(s)</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-02 03:31:31  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
二人称	32466	97.6%
二人称代名詞	786	2.4%

daijs
https://kotobank.jp/word/二人称-592514
文法で人称の一。話し手(書き手)に対して、聞き手(読み手)をさし示すもの。日本語では、「あなた」「あなたがた」「きみ」「きみたち」など。第二人称。対称。
  Comments:
See also edit to 一人称. daijs
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2154570">二人称代名詞</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>
+<gloss>second-person pronoun</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1476270 Active (id: 2354142)
麦踏み
むぎふみ
1. [n] {agriculture}
▶ treading on wheat seedlings after planting (for better yield and health)



History:
4. A 2025-12-11 10:24:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I did wonder about adding more. Maybe useful.
3. A* 2025-12-11 09:39:09  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Sankoku
  Comments:
I think including the reason is helpful here.
Adding tag
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>treading on wheat seedlings after planting</gloss>
+<field>&agric;</field>
+<gloss>treading on wheat seedlings after planting (for better yield and health)</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-10 23:29:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.smallfarmcanada.ca/news/Research Notes/trampling-seedlings-for-a-good-cause/
  Comments:
Very interesting.
1. A* 2025-12-10 04:27:08  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/麦踏み
https://kotobank.jp/word/麦踏み-641088#w-641088

daijs, wiki
  Comments:
Thought it could use a bit more explanation
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>treading wheat plants</gloss>
+<gloss>treading on wheat seedlings after planting</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1533560 Active (id: 2354048)
面倒くさい [spec1] 面倒臭い [ichi1] メンド臭い [sK] めんど臭い [sK]
めんどくさい [spec1] めんどうくさい [ichi1] メンドくさい [sk]
1. [adj-i] [uk]
▶ bothersome
▶ tiresome
▶ bother to do
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2837327 おとろしい 1. bothersome; tiresome; bother to do
  ⇐ see: 2838110 面倒くさがる【めんどうくさがる】 1. to begrudge doing; to find bothersome
  ⇐ see: 2078360 面倒い【めんどい】 1. troublesome; bothersome

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-10 20:03:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-10 19:36:50  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ メンド臭い  │ 2,489 │ 65.2% │
│ めんど臭い  │   975 │ 25.5% │
│ めんどう臭い │   354 │  9.3% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>メンド臭い</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>めんど臭い</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3. A* 2025-12-09 18:01:52  parfait8
  Refs:
メンドくさい	11,563
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>メンドくさい</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2. A 2015-04-10 03:06:32  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2015-04-10 00:28:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, etc. N-grams:
面倒くさい	742704
面倒臭い	174916
めんどうくさい	25104
めんどくさい	1133520
  Comments:
The refs prefer めんどうくさい, but people mostly write めんどくさい.
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13 @@
-<reb>めんどうくさい</reb>
-<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
+<reb>めんどくさい</reb>
@@ -18 +17,2 @@
-<reb>めんどくさい</reb>
+<reb>めんどうくさい</reb>
+<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
@@ -22 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>bother(some) to do</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>bothersome</gloss>
@@ -23,0 +25 @@
+<gloss>bother to do</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1759160 Active (id: 2354060)
第一人称
だいいちにんしょう
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ first person
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1163740 一人称 1. first person



History:
1. A 2025-12-10 22:14:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, koj
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<field>&ling;</field>
+<xref type="see" seq="1163740">一人称・1</xref>
+<field>&gramm;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1759450 Active (id: 2354133)
矢庭に矢場に [rK]
やにわに
1. [adv] [uk]
▶ immediately
▶ instantly
▶ right away
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2565680 矢庭【やにわ】 1. archery range
2. [adv] [uk]
▶ suddenly
▶ abruptly
▶ all of a sudden



History:
6. A 2025-12-11 08:46:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
中辞典 (splits senses)
5. A* 2025-12-10 22:14:40  parfait8
  Refs:
sankoku, meikyo, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 矢庭に  │ 1,246 │ 13.3% │
│ 矢場に  │   366 │  3.9% │ add rK (prob false positives and only in daijr and koj)
│ やにわに │ 7,774 │ 82.8% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,0 +17,7 @@
+<gloss>immediately</gloss>
+<gloss>instantly</gloss>
+<gloss>right away</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -17 +25,2 @@
-<gloss>instantly</gloss>
+<gloss>abruptly</gloss>
+<gloss>all of a sudden</gloss>
4. A 2015-03-09 10:37:11  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ngrams
  Comments:
then please look it up to check and provide the reference
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
3. A* 2015-03-08 15:35:12 
  Comments:
[uk] I think
2. A 2010-07-30 05:36:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1927070 Active (id: 2354036)

チャコ
1. [n]
▶ tailor's chalk



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 11:00:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 04:07:58  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/ちやこ-3183146#w-566754
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チャコ
https://kotobank.jp/jeword/チャコ#w-3209064

daijs, wiki prog
  Comments:
Different from チョーク it seems
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<gloss>chalk</gloss>
+<gloss>tailor's chalk</gloss>

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jmdict 2009380 Active (id: 2354174)

のらりくらりぬらりくらりノラリクラリ [sk]
1. [adv,adv-to,vs] [on-mim]
▶ idly
▶ lazily
▶ aimlessly
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2009370 のらくら 1. idly; lazily; aimlessly
2. [adv,adv-to,vs] [on-mim]
▶ evasively
▶ elusively
▶ vaguely
▶ non-committally
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2009370 のらくら 2. evasively; elusively; vaguely; non-committally
3. (ぬらりくらり only) [adv,adv-to,vs] [on-mim]
▶ soft and slippery

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-12-11 20:17:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-12-11 17:16:01  parfait8
  Comments:
even with daijr/s i still get the feeling sense 1 is much more rare with ぬらりくらり but it's fine i guess
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<reb>ノラリクラ</reb>
+<reb>ノラリクラリ</reb>
5. A 2025-12-11 01:14:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Daijr/s and koj have sense 1 for ぬらりくらり.
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>ノラリクラリ</reb>
+<reb>ぬらりくらり</reb>
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<reb>ぬらりくらり</reb>
+<reb>ノラリクラ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4. A* 2025-12-10 20:35:29  parfait8
  Comments:
ぬらりくらり isn't used for sense 1, maybe better to split out
3. A 2021-06-22 23:44:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ノラリクラリ	8432
のらりくらり	181658
ぬらりくらり	953
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ノラリクラリ</reb>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2397490 Active (id: 2354096)
在園
ざいえん
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ being enrolled in a kindergarten or nursery school
▶ attending a kindergarten or nursery school

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-11 00:57:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-11 00:46:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s
  Comments:
I think this is clearer.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,3 @@
-<gloss>enrolment of a child in a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<gloss>being enrolled in a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss>
+<gloss>attending a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss>
3. A 2025-12-10 20:07:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-09 23:50:42 
  Refs:
daijs includes こども園 also
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>enrolment of a child in a kindergarten</gloss>
+<gloss>enrolment of a child in a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss>
1. A 2008-07-23 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2401310 Active (id: 2354035)
万両
まんりょうマンリョウ (nokanji)
1. [n]
▶ coralberry (Ardisia crenata)



History:
3. A 2025-12-10 10:54:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-12-10 03:34:06  Joe Murray
  Refs:
マンリョウ	12987	15.1%
万両	72989	84.9%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/マンリョウ
  Comments:
Format update
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>マンリョウ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
@@ -12,2 +16 @@
-<gloss>Ardisia crenata</gloss>
-<gloss>coralberry</gloss>
+<gloss>coralberry (Ardisia crenata)</gloss>
1. A 2008-08-08 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2403080 Active pending (parent: 134167) (id: 2354034)
息を切らす
いきをきらす
1. [exp,v5s]
▶ to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity)
▶ to be panting
▶ to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity)

Conjugations


History:
2. A* 2025-12-10 10:06:17  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Notice the verb forms, which support the "~ing" glosses
息を切らし	48821	  
息を切らして	24002	  
息を切らせ	22363	  
息を切らしながら	16465	  
息を切らせて	10374	  
息を切らせながら	8825	  
息を切らす	3537	  
息を切らしている	2886	  
息を切らした	2563	  
息を切らしてい	2182	  
息を切らしていた	1441

https://kotobank.jp/word/息を切らす-431112
運動などをして、せわしく呼吸をする。「―・して駆け戻る」
To breathe quickly while exercising.

https://www.weblio.jp/content/息を切らす
ぜいぜいと呼吸すること、運動などをした結果としてあはあと呼吸すること、などを意味する表現。
An expression that means breathing heavily or panting as a result of exercise, etc.

I dislike all of eijiro's translations with "breathless". (at link, not included below)
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=息を切ら
他動 wind(走らせたり殴ったりして人の)
自動 gasp huff pant
サッカーをして息を切らす
pant from playing soccer
全速力で走って息を切らす
be out of breath from sprinting
疲れて少し息を切らす
pant a little with exertion(運動・労働などで)
興奮して息を切らす
be short of breath with excitement
重い荷物に息を切らす
pant under a heavy load
息を切らした競走馬
winded racehorse

With pic of runners
息を切らして巡る蔵王温泉 「おもてなし山形トライアスロン」初開催
https://www.yamagata-np.jp/news/202509/21/kj_2025092100522.php

Gemini on "out of breath" nuance evolution
https://gemini.google.com/share/16c7eeed1a15
  Comments:
Encountered in a textbook. Japanese dictionary entry seems straight forward.  Unlike 息切れ, this is something you can do while you're running.
See, for example: "息を切らして走る"
息を切らして走って	738	 

I suspect this is another case where English connotation has diverged. I think "out of breath" used to be a better match, but now has a strong connotation of "complete physical exhaustion" and "inability to continue without stopping to recover" which do not usually apply to 息を切らす. 

"out of breath" is only a useful gloss after an activity has completed. 走って息を切らした.  "I was out of breath from running". Probably still stronger than the Japanese intention.

息を切らす seems to me to mark a state change (see ngram て form).  Once it happens, you'll be panting for a while.  So I have glossed these with "~ing". This should almost never be translated "he panted" or "he breathed heavily" regardless of conjugation.

Eijiro uses "breathless" in a number of translations.  I think this use is [dated]. Collins also gives 息を切らして言った as "he said breathlessly".  For a modern reader, I think this is a completely different meaning than the Japanese. Oxford, breathlessly[2]: "in a way that is characterized by great excitement or suspense."
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,3 @@
-<gloss>to be out of breath</gloss>
+<gloss>to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be panting</gloss>
+<gloss>to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity)</gloss>
1. A 2008-08-08 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2403080 Active pending (parent: 2354034) (id: 2360567)
息を切らす
いきをきらす
1. [exp,v5s]
▶ to breathe hard (e.g. during physical activity)
▶ to pant
▶ to lose one's breath
▶ to run out of breath

Conjugations


History:
3. A* 2026-02-15 13:54:02  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Meikyo:
せわしい息づかいをする。
  Comments:
>Notice the verb forms, which support the "~ing" glosses
I agree, but the gloss should reflect the base form, which is unmarked.
  Diff:
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@
-<gloss>to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity)</gloss>
-<gloss>to be panting</gloss>
-<gloss>to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity)</gloss>
+<gloss>to breathe hard (e.g. during physical activity)</gloss>
+<gloss>to pant</gloss>
+<gloss>to lose one's breath</gloss>
+<gloss>to run out of breath</gloss>
2. A* 2025-12-10 10:06:17  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Notice the verb forms, which support the "~ing" glosses
息を切らし	48821	  
息を切らして	24002	  
息を切らせ	22363	  
息を切らしながら	16465	  
息を切らせて	10374	  
息を切らせながら	8825	  
息を切らす	3537	  
息を切らしている	2886	  
息を切らした	2563	  
息を切らしてい	2182	  
息を切らしていた	1441

https://kotobank.jp/word/息を切らす-431112
運動などをして、せわしく呼吸をする。「―・して駆け戻る」
To breathe quickly while exercising.

https://www.weblio.jp/content/息を切らす
ぜいぜいと呼吸すること、運動などをした結果としてあはあと呼吸すること、などを意味する表現。
An expression that means breathing heavily or panting as a result of exercise, etc.

I dislike all of eijiro's translations with "breathless". (at link, not included below)
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=息を切ら
他動 wind(走らせたり殴ったりして人の)
自動 gasp huff pant
サッカーをして息を切らす
pant from playing soccer
全速力で走って息を切らす
be out of breath from sprinting
疲れて少し息を切らす
pant a little with exertion(運動・労働などで)
興奮して息を切らす
be short of breath with excitement
重い荷物に息を切らす
pant under a heavy load
息を切らした競走馬
winded racehorse

With pic of runners
息を切らして巡る蔵王温泉 「おもてなし山形トライアスロン」初開催
https://www.yamagata-np.jp/news/202509/21/kj_2025092100522.php

Gemini on "out of breath" nuance evolution
https://gemini.google.com/share/16c7eeed1a15
  Comments:
Encountered in a textbook. Japanese dictionary entry seems straight forward.  Unlike 息切れ, this is something you can do while you're running.
See, for example: "息を切らして走る"
息を切らして走って	738	 

I suspect this is another case where English connotation has diverged. I think "out of breath" used to be a better match, but now has a strong connotation of "complete physical exhaustion" and "inability to continue without stopping to recover" which do not usually apply to 息を切らす. 

"out of breath" is only a useful gloss after an activity has completed. 走って息を切らした.  "I was out of breath from running". Probably still stronger than the Japanese intention.

息を切らす seems to me to mark a state change (see ngram て form).  Once it happens, you'll be panting for a while.  So I have glossed these with "~ing". This should almost never be translated "he panted" or "he breathed heavily" regardless of conjugation.

Eijiro uses "breathless" in a number of translations.  I think this use is [dated]. Collins also gives 息を切らして言った as "he said breathlessly".  For a modern reader, I think this is a completely different meaning than the Japanese. Oxford, breathlessly[2]: "in a way that is characterized by great excitement or suspense."
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,3 @@
-<gloss>to be out of breath</gloss>
+<gloss>to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be panting</gloss>
+<gloss>to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity)</gloss>
1. A 2008-08-08 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2729830 Active (id: 2354092)
物の弾み物のはずみ [sK]
もののはずみ
1. [exp,n] [uk]
▶ (on) the spur of the moment
▶ (by) mere chance



History:
4. A 2025-12-11 00:24:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -17,2 +18,2 @@
-<gloss>spur of the moment</gloss>
-<gloss>mere chance</gloss>
+<gloss>(on) the spur of the moment</gloss>
+<gloss>(by) mere chance</gloss>
3. A* 2025-12-10 22:48:55  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 物の弾み   │   360 │  8.6% │
│ 物のはずみ  │   246 │  5.9% │
│ もののはずみ │ 3,593 │ 85.6% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
2. A 2012-07-20 06:02:20  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-07-14 01:53:07  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, gg5

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2733750 Active (id: 2354020)
生まれてこの方生まれてこのかた
うまれてこのかた
1. [exp,adv]
▶ since one was born
▶ in one's (entire) life
▶ in all one's life



History:
10. A 2025-12-10 00:00:01  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Comments:
More natural expression.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>since one's birth</gloss>
+<gloss>since one was born</gloss>
9. A 2025-12-09 23:31:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2025-12-09 23:22:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17,2 +17,2 @@
-<gloss>in one's whole life</gloss>
-<gloss>all one's life</gloss>
+<gloss>in one's (entire) life</gloss>
+<gloss>in all one's life</gloss>
7. A 2021-12-24 08:11:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think it's ok here. We'd need to revisit この方 if we change it.
6. A* 2021-12-22 00:05:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
この方 isn't an adverb in the kokugos. Does that matter or should we use adv for anything that's adverb-like?
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 2829712 Active (id: 2354101)
犬っころ犬ッコロ [sK]
いぬっころ
1. [n]
▶ pup
▶ puppy
▶ whelp
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2629730 犬ころ 1. pup; puppy
2. [n] [derog]
▶ damn dog
▶ mutt



History:
4. A 2025-12-11 01:06:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-10 22:01:30  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 犬っころ  │ 9,189 │ 67.2% │
│ いぬっころ │ 3,589 │ 26.3% │
│ 犬ッコロ  │   888 │  6.5% │ add
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>犬ッコロ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2016-07-03 19:44:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-07-01 16:01:24  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
daijs いぬころ entry
eij
"犬っころ
mutt〈軽蔑的〉"
http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/3496939.html

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jmdict 2847974 Active (id: 2356446)
肉襞肉ヒダ肉ひだ [sK]
にくひだ
1. [n] [sl,vulg]
▶ pussy
2. [n] [rare]
▶ fleshy fold



History:
6. A 2026-01-05 02:45:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-11 00:02:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
RP: dewbill and snood entries: 七面鳥のくちばしの付け根の肉襞.
  Comments:
I don't think リーダーズ+プラス is really saying that turkeys have pussies hanging round their necks. It seems to be also a rare term meaning "fleshy fold".
  Diff:
@@ -21,0 +22,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>fleshy fold</gloss>
4. A 2025-12-10 23:53:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-10 21:47:33  parfait8
  Refs:
https://jiten.moe/parse?text=肉襞
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>肉ひだ</keb>
+<keb>肉ヒダ</keb>
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<keb>肉ヒダ</keb>
+<keb>肉ひだ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,6 +15,0 @@
-<re_restr>肉襞</re_restr>
-<re_restr>肉ひだ</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>にくヒダ</reb>
-<re_restr>肉ヒダ</re_restr>
2. A 2021-01-15 07:23:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Moi non plus.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868202 Active (id: 2354620)
今でこそ
いまでこそ
1. [adv]
《usu. as 今でこそ...だが...》
▶ now (unlike then)



History:
9. A 2025-12-17 10:30:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I guess that works.
8. A* 2025-12-11 05:13:09  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Looks good to me. Better binary separation, while keeping the nuance. Thanks.
7. A* 2025-12-10 07:01:48 
  Comments:
No, that doesn't work.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<s_inf>usu. as 今でこそ...だが...; used to emphasize a contrast between the present and the past</s_inf>
-<gloss>now more than ever</gloss>
+<s_inf>usu. as 今でこそ...だが...</s_inf>
+<gloss>now (unlike then)</gloss>
6. A* 2025-12-10 04:19:25  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Does something like this work?
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>now</gloss>
+<gloss>now more than ever</gloss>
5. A 2025-12-10 03:25:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868343 Active (id: 2354051)
つかえ感支え感
つかえかん
1. [n]
▶ feeling you have something stuck (e.g. in your throat)
▶ globus sensation



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 20:08:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-09 13:03:42  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
つかえ感	1892	83.6% 
支え感	305	13.5%
痞え感	67	3.0%
痞感	0	0.0%
閊え感	0	0.0%

https://alinamin-kenko.jp/navi/navi_nodonotsukaekan.html

のどのつかえ感
のどに異物がつかえていたり、炎症が起きて腫れているときはもちろん、検査をしても異常がないのに、のどの奥に何か詰まっているように感じることがあります。このようなのどの異物感、違和感が「のどのつかえ感」です。

saw つかえ感 on medicine

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jmdict 2868347 Active (id: 2354124)
牛白血病
ぎゅうはっけつびょう
1. [n] {veterinary terms}
▶ bovine leukemia (former name for enzootic bovine leukosis)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868346 牛伝染性リンパ腫 1. enzootic bovine leukosis (formerly bovine leukemia)



History:
2. A 2025-12-11 03:16:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/牛伝染性リンパ腫
牛白血病	1316
牛伝染性リンパ腫	0
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<xref type="see">牛伝染性リンパ腫・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868346">牛伝染性リンパ腫</xref>
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>bovine leukemia (old name for enzootic bovine leukosis)</gloss>
+<gloss>bovine leukemia (former name for enzootic bovine leukosis)</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-10 00:11:43  Hendrik
  Refs:
https://ibaraki.lin.gr.jp/kachikueisei-info/koushin/contents/05-lymph-1.pdf
  Comments:
The old (and scientifically incorrect) terms "bovine leukemia" and 牛白血病 has been officially replaced with "enzootic bovine leukosis" and 牛伝染性リンパ腫 not only in Japanese but also in English, but this change has not been implemented throughly enough, so now we can find countless articles with "messy" statements of this kind: "Enzootic bovine leukosis is a disease of cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV)". I think the term 牛白血病 needs to be in the dictionary because of the many existing older pubications that contain it.

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jmdict 2868348 Active (id: 2354040)
名護蘭
ナゴラン (nokanji)なごらん
1. [n] [uk]
▶ Phalaenopsis japonica (species of orchid)



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 11:04:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 03:25:47  Joe Murray
  Refs:
名護蘭	459	12.1%
ナゴラン	3329	87.9%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ナゴラン
https://kotobank.jp/word/名護蘭-588590

daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2868349 Active (id: 2354042)
草連玉草レダマ [sK]
クサレダマ (nokanji)くされだま
1. [n] [uk]
▶ yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris)



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 11:06:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
1. A* 2025-12-10 03:40:35  Joe Murray
  Refs:
クサレダマ	2707	70.9%
草レダマ	154	4.0%
草連玉	955	25.0%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クサレダマ
https://kotobank.jp/word/草れだま-1766767#w-483218

daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2868350 Active (id: 2354041)
石垣蝶 [rK] 石崖蝶 [rK]
イシガケチョウ (nokanji)いしがけちょう
1. [n] [uk]
▶ common map (Cyrestis thyodamas)
▶ map-wing butterfly



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 11:05:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<gloss>map-wing butterfly</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-10 04:16:04  Joe Murray
  Refs:
イシガケチョウ	4363	97.5%
石崖蝶	50	1.1%
石垣蝶	63	1.4%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/イシガケチョウ
https://kotobank.jp/word/石崖蝶-431980#w-431980

daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2868351 Active (id: 2354037)

シャーリング
1. [n]
▶ shearing (esp. of metal)



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 11:01:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 07:51:11  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
https://monoto.co.jp/shearingmachine/
https://jp.meviy.misumi-ec.com/info/ja/howto/31688/

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jmdict 2868352 Active (id: 2354145)
転社
てんしゃ
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ change of company
▶ change of employer
▶ change of firm
2. [n] [abbr] {finance}
▶ convertible bond
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1704230 転換社債 1. convertible bond

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-11 10:33:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-12-11 09:26:59  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Daijr:
①「転換社債」の略。
②同一の職種で他の会社に移ること。

Sankoku:
①〔文〕勤めていた会社をやめて、同業のほかの会社に移ること。
②〘経〙←転換社債(てんかんしゃさい)。

Hendrik's comment: "counterpart to 転職"

.
  Comments:
Given the kokugos specifying 同業/同一の職種で I don't think GG5's alternative gloss of "change of job" should stay.

Maybe having this and 転職 xref each other would be worthwhile?
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16,9 @@
-<gloss>change of job</gloss>
+<gloss>change of firm</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1704230">転換社債</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1704230">転換社債</xref>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>convertible bond</gloss>
3. A 2025-12-11 00:01:11  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>changing employer</gloss>
+<gloss>change of company</gloss>
+<gloss>change of employer</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-10 11:07:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -12,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>change of job</gloss>
1. A* 2025-12-10 08:21:40  Hendrik
  Refs:
https://www.trunkc.jp/environment/detail/id=632
https://www.axc.ne.jp/column/axis-column/2025/0326/2363.html?date=202503261328
https://guildworks.jp/column/archives/11/
https://note.com/light_ixia767/n/nf9822bfce8fa
  Comments:
Promoting from RH; counterpart to 転職

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jmdict 2868353 Active (id: 2354072)
任意性
にんいせい
1. [n]
▶ voluntariness
▶ voluntary nature
▶ facultativity



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:30:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, 中辞典
1. A* 2025-12-10 12:33:31  Hendrik
  Refs:
Context: Interpreter Contract
Item: 陳述の任意性の確保
Explication: ~職員が通訳を依頼した以外の内容を申請人に伝えることはしません

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jmdict 2868354 Active (id: 2354121)
円月
えんげつ
1. [n] [rare]
▶ full moon
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1526770 満月 1. full moon



History:
2. A 2025-12-11 03:01:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 19:01:09  parfait8
  Refs:
kanken, nikk, koj, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────╮
│ 円月   │ 18,273 │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────╯
  Comments:
found it used in this context though it seems mostly used for stuff like 円月島

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jmdict 2868355 Active (id: 2354073)
回帰性
かいきせい
1. [n] {zoology}
▶ homing instinct
▶ homing ability
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1221410 帰巣性【きそうせい】 1. homing instinct; homing ability



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:31:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 20:21:33  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 回帰性 │ 4,712 │ 87.4% │岩波 生物学辞典 第4版, GG5, 25万語医学用語大辞典 英和/和英, Chuujiten
│ 帰巣性 │   680 │ 12.6% │We have this
╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868356 Active (id: 2354082)

ぬらりヌラリ
1. [adv,adv-to,vs]
▶ slimy
▶ slippery
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1009870 ぬるぬる 1. slimy; slippery; greasy; clammy

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:36:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 20:28:07  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, nikk, koj
sankoku, gg5 as ぬらりと

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ ぬらりと │ 2,219 │ 84.1% │
│ ヌラリと │   420 │ 15.9% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868357 Active (id: 2354081)

ぬるりヌルリ
1. [adv,adv-to,vs]
▶ slimy
▶ slippery
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1009870 ぬるぬる 1. slimy; slippery; greasy; clammy

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:36:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 20:30:13  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, smk, gg5, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ ぬるりと │ 6,413 │ 76.3% │
│ ヌルリと │ 1,997 │ 23.7% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868358 Active (id: 2354075)

ゲーミングマウスゲーミング・マウス
1. [n]
▶ gaming mouse



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:32:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 22:37:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr
ゲーミングマウス	1,570
  Comments:
Millions of web hits.

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jmdict 2868359 Active (id: 2354077)

ゲーミングデバイスゲーミング・デバイス
1. [n]
▶ gaming device
▶ gaming peripheral



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:33:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 22:41:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s

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jmdict 2868360 Active (id: 2354076)

ゲーミングヘッドセットゲーミング・ヘッドセット
1. [n]
▶ gaming headset



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:32:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 22:43:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr
  Comments:
Millions of web hits.

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jmdict 2868361 Active (id: 2354080)

ヘッドトラッキングヘッド・トラッキング
1. [n] {computing}
▶ head tracking



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:35:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 22:47:22  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
https://www.xr-lifedig.com/beginner/241016_01/
https://support.apple.com/ja-jp/guide/airpods/dev00eb7e0a3/web

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jmdict 2868362 Active (id: 2354078)

ゲーミングキーボードゲーミング・キーボード
1. [n]
▶ gaming keyboard



History:
2. A 2025-12-10 23:33:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 22:49:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s

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jmdict 2868363 Active (id: 2354100)
外法
げほう
1. [n] {Buddhism}
▶ non-Buddhist teachings
▶ heterodoxy
▶ external path



History:
2. A 2025-12-11 01:05:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-12-10 23:53:54  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, jawiki, etc.
https://www.wisdomlib.org/concept/external-path#:~:text=In Buddhism, "External path",by Ananda's risk of influence.

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