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| 1. |
[n]
{grammar}
▶ first person
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| 2. |
[n]
▶ self-reference term ▶ term used to refer to oneself in the first person |
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| 17. | A 2025-12-10 11:03:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I quite agree. These two senses are enough. |
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| 16. | A* 2025-12-09 22:27:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | 4 senses seems like overkill. We shouldn't overcomplicate things. I think these two senses cover everything, even the slangy parenthetical usage. The second sense probably doesn't need a grammar tag. Articles are typically omitted from glosses. I don't think sense 1 needs one. |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -20 +21 @@ -<gloss>(the) first person</gloss> +<gloss>first person</gloss> @@ -24,16 +25,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref> -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&exp;</pos> -<misc>&net-sl;</misc> -<s_inf>in parentheses, after a term such as オタク, 推し, etc.</s_inf> -<gloss>me (speaking as a ...)</gloss> -<gloss>this (otaku, fan, stan, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>self-reference term</gloss> +<gloss>term used to refer to oneself in the first person</gloss> |
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| 15. | A* 2025-12-09 03:08:29 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称 Final observations: 1. I think a split between "pronouns" and "the broader category of any self-reference" is both correct, and makes for cleaner glosses. Context dictates whether you mean "pronouns only" (foreign language classroom, for example), or something broader. 2. My earlier "e.g." enumerations excluded plurals. This was a mistake. 3. Must not look like "a single word". あの人 is considered a 三人称代名詞, but not a word 4. Probably all the senses are [gramm]. 5. Search "の1人称代名詞" for evidence of alternate orthography It makes sense that 一人称 is at once a shorthand for 一人称代名詞 in some contexts, while being a broader category in others. But I know a Japanese professor of linguists who I will hopefully get to chat with over the holiday, in case there is some egregeious misunderstanding. But something like the current glosses should be alright, I think. I've been regretting "you're truly" on [4]. It was a gpt suggestion, it's cute, and it makes some sense. But it feels maybe overly dramatic, and I think the neutral approaches are safer without better evidence. I've yet to meet a Japanese person who has ever seen or used this themself. |
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| Diff: | @@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>1人称</keb> @@ -21 +24,2 @@ -<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2154560">一人称代名詞</xref> +<field>&gramm;</field> @@ -23 +27,6 @@ -<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&gramm;</field> +<gloss>self-reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>word or expression used to refer to oneself or one's group</gloss> @@ -31 +39,0 @@ -<gloss>yours truly</gloss> |
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| 14. | A* 2025-12-04 14:28:56 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | "一人称がお父さん" yields 4 pages of results, including: 父の一人称が、「お父さん」から「俺」に変わったのだ https://note.com/rlongki3/n/n188e4d2695cb 一人称と言うと、子を持つ親御さんなんかは「お父さん/お母さん」だったり「パパ/ママ」だったりすることも多いだろう。 一人称いちにんしょう( First person pronouns) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srzFMO_OfmI&t=1s Spoken: "Today I want to explore ichininshou: first person pronouns ... 男性が使う一人称, male first-person pronouns, ..." She defines as: "how you address or call yourself" Another super-googlable expression: "男性が使う一人称" |
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| Comments: | I think the previous update got it. Tweaked a bit since it's still open, expanded the examples to clarify broadness without trying to define it. Another native pointed out there are many non-pronoun options, not just names: 先輩(talking to 後輩), お母さん (talking to children), any older kinship title... And since it's situationally dependent and not singular, I've dropped "one's" The ref'd article is a great, personal story, about a guy's father changing from お父さん to 僕 as he (the author) became an adult. all about 一人称. "Japanese terms of self-reference" gets academic book hits with roughly equivalent definitions. It's not something we're coining. "first-person pronoun" still dominates in practice, as in the second video, where a Japanese girl explains male pronouns using English. |
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| Diff: | @@ -21,3 +21,3 @@ -<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss> -<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss> +<gloss>term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, okaasan, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>first-person pronoun</gloss> +<gloss>word used to refer to oneself</gloss> |
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| 13. | A* 2025-12-03 17:26:56 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の一人称代名詞 私(わたし) 日本人が最も多く使用する一人称である。 |
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| Comments: | My previous analysis was facile. Could still be wrong after posting this. The smoking gun: 一人称が名前の 52 google "一人称が名前の女" (20+ pages) While an exception, one's own name cannot be a pronoun. (children using their own name as self-address). Regardless, I think "pronoun" remains the most common translation, with 名前 as an exception. I would definitely not drop it. The wikipedia article on 一人称代名詞 actually uses 一人称. I gave gemini the full text of the wikipedia article, and asked some basic questions. The conclusions are consistent with my own thinking to this point. This is not authoritative, an LLM will say different things on different days. But this does seem about right to me with all I've seen thus far. It's a good read. https://gemini.google.com/share/e5bb9a719ece I think this is correct: "You use 一人称 (short form) because you are discussing [a person's] identity and choices. You would only use 一人称代名詞 (long form) if you were analyzing the word "Boku" itself as a linguistic object, unrelated to the specific [person] using it." And I tend to believe this as well: "In Japanese usage, if a child (or an adult acting cute) calls herself "Hanako," then "Hanako" is her 一人称 (ichininshō)." I've been tempted to drop [fld=gramm] on my own for a bit. Gemini independently reached the same conclusion. Transmuting 二人称 and 三人称 this way isn't trivial, but gemeni's initial ideas are(I have not massaged these): 二人称 [2][n] term of address (for the listener); way of calling one's partner in conversation; choice of second-person pronoun (e.g. anata, kimi, omae) 三人称 [2][n] third party; outsider; disinterested person; someone unconnected to the matter at hand (Synonymous with 第三者) オタク(三人称)is actually a perfect example of 三人称[2]. オタク(third party). I still support [3] here because it has a life of its own, but the revised [2] clarifies the meaning.I would not advocate a special 3rd gloss on the 2nd and 3rd person(they are far less common, and probably more practical/literal). "オタク(一人称)" 31 pages of google hits "オタク(ニ人称)" 2 pages of google hits (practically nothing) "オタク(三人称)" 1 page of google hits |
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| Diff: | @@ -21,2 +21,3 @@ -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>(a specific) first-person pronoun (e.g. watashi, boku, ore, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>one's term of self-reference (e.g. watashi, boku, uchi, one's own name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>one's first-person pronoun</gloss> +<gloss>the way one refers to oneself</gloss> |
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| (show/hide 12 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ end ▶ extremity ▶ limit |
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| 2. |
[n]
▶ result ▶ outcome ▶ upshot ▶ consequence |
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| 7. | A 2025-12-10 23:34:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 6. | A* 2025-12-10 23:06:47 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://jiten.moe/parse?text=果て&mediaType=4&offset=0 |
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| Comments: | seems to be used in quite a few famous novels (even if old), i think it should be visible (it's also in kanken, gendai and in the shinkoku kanji entry) |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,2 +10,2 @@ -<keb>果</keb> -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +<keb>涯</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14 +14 @@ -<keb>涯</keb> +<keb>果</keb> |
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| 5. | A 2025-05-03 06:32:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Actually #2014280 (涯/はて). There's a number of XXの果て entries where XXの涯 get reasonable n-grams. I'll add [sK] forms there too. |
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| 4. | A* 2025-05-02 23:48:54 parfait8 | |
| Comments: | see entry 96202 |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11,8 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>涯</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>涯て</keb> |
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| 3. | A 2025-01-14 02:35:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 世界の果て 120,055 世界の果 384 地の果て 57,192 地の果 653 |
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| Comments: | Daijr/s and koj only have 果て. I think 果 should be hidden. |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -25,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>outcome</gloss> @@ -28 +29,0 @@ -<gloss>outcome</gloss> |
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| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[v1,vt]
[uk]
▶ to ill-treat ▶ to bully ▶ to torment ▶ to pick on ▶ to tease ▶ to be cruel to ▶ to persecute |
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| 2. |
[v1,vt]
[uk]
▶ to be tough on (e.g. one's body) ▶ to treat harshly |
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| 7. | A 2025-12-11 01:03:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 6. | A* 2025-12-10 21:58:46 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | イジめて 2,113 |
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| Diff: | @@ -16,0 +17,4 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>イジめる</reb> |
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| 5. | A 2024-11-13 00:42:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2024-11-12 23:53:41 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 虐めて │ 24,684 │ 9.8% │ │ 苛めて │ 22,336 │ 8.8% │ │ いじめて │ 184,198 │ 72.9% │ │ イジメて │ 21,444 │ 8.5% │ add ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -13,0 +14,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>イジメる</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> |
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| 3. | A 2017-10-31 09:44:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
{zoology}
▶ homing instinct ▶ homing ability
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:32:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 20:22:34 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | 岩波 生物学辞典 第4版 ╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 回帰性 │ 4,712 │ 87.4% │Pending │ 帰巣性 │ 680 │ 12.6% │ ╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2868355">回帰性</xref> +<field>&zool;</field> @@ -12,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>homing ability</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n]
{grammar}
▶ third person |
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| 2. |
[n]
▶ third-person reference term ▶ term used to refer to someone or something in the third person |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-11 02:27:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-10 22:28:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Style alignment with 二人称. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +17 @@ -<gloss>(the) third person</gloss> +<gloss>third person</gloss> @@ -20,10 +21,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2154580">三人称代名詞</xref> -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>third-person pronoun</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<field>&gramm;</field> -<misc>&rare;</misc> -<gloss>third-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>word or expression used to refer to someone or something other than the speaker or addressee(s)</gloss> +<gloss>third-person reference term</gloss> +<gloss>term used to refer to someone or something in the third person</gloss> |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-09 03:06:34 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | A whole page on the 3rd person and japanese 3rd person pronouns that does not use the word 代名詞 at all https://kotonohaweb.net/third-person/ 日本語の 三人称 一覧 かれ(彼 男性をさす三人称。 かのじょ(彼女 あの女。その女。この女 Evidence for [3]? Perhaps still [1]. I have read that English classes in Japan define 三人称 as "everything that isn't 一人称 or 二人称" for verb agreement purposes. https://www.rarejob.com/englishlab/column/20210902_03/ 三人称とは、話し手と聞き手以外のすべての人やもののこと。つまり、I(私), we(私たち), you(あなた、あなたたち)を含まないものすべてということになります。he(彼), she(彼女), it(それ), Tom(トム), my book(私の本)などはすべて三人称です。 Google: The third person refers to everyone and everything other than the speaker and listener. In other words, everything that doesn't include I, we, or you. He, she, it, Tom, and my book are all third person pronouns. numeric orthography: 3人称単数の動詞に s が付く理由 https://nazebumpo.livedoor.blog/archives/353651.html |
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| Comments: | Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称 Unlike 一人称 and 二人称, selection of the "proper" 三人称 is not such a great topic of conversation. Most uses I can find is just talking about pronouns, both Japanese and foreign."英語の三人称" for example (sometimes appears as 英語の三人称代名詞, but not always). Still, it seems by extension that sense [3] must exist, at least in academic contexts. I've tagged it [rare]. That seems better than omitting it and having it appear to be missing. There's an argument to drop it though. This supposes that あの人 is a third-person pronoun. Japanese dictionaries seem to treat it as such. |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>3人称</keb> @@ -13 +16 @@ -<gloss>third person</gloss> +<gloss>(the) third person</gloss> @@ -19,0 +23,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&gramm;</field> +<misc>&rare;</misc> +<gloss>third-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>word or expression used to refer to someone or something other than the speaker or addressee(s)</gloss> |
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| 2. | A* 2025-12-02 03:36:35 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijs https://kotobank.jp/word/三人称-514509#w-1983500 〘 名詞 〙 文法範疇(はんちゅう)の一つ。話し手(書き手)・聞き手(読み手)と区別して、それら以外の人、また、物・事態について、指し示す語。日本語では、代名詞についてだけいう。「あれ」「これ」「それ」「どれ」「彼(かれ)」「彼女」「どなた」「だれ」など。第三人称。他称。〔日本文典(1876)〕 三人称 46932 三人称の 6791 三人称で 6521 三人称に 3043 三人称が 1833 三人称を 1136 三人称視点で 1054 三人称は 1031 三人称的 997 三人称視点の 995 三人称と 963 三人称複数 912 三人称単数現在 872 三人称単数の 840 三人称で書かれ 722 三人称視点 689 三人称単数 606 三人称小説 500 |
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| Comments: | daijs. see also 一人称 |
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| Diff: | @@ -14,0 +15,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2154580">三人称代名詞</xref> +<field>&gramm;</field> +<gloss>third-person pronoun</gloss> +</sense> |
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| 1. | A 2021-12-14 01:51:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Bulk convert ling to gramm -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<field>&ling;</field> +<field>&gramm;</field> |
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| 1. |
[pn]
《slightly formal or feminine》 ▶ I ▶ me
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| 14. | A 2025-12-10 20:04:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 13. | A* 2025-12-10 18:19:45 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────────┬───────╮ │ 私が │ 32,400,778 │ 93.6% │ │ わたしが │ 1,834,049 │ 5.3% │ │ ワタシが │ 383,572 │ 1.1% │ add ╰─ーーーー─┴────────────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -14,0 +15,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ワタシ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> |
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| 12. | A 2019-12-14 20:59:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I'm putting it back. |
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| Diff: | @@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<s_inf>slightly formal or feminine</s_inf> |
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| 11. | A* 2019-12-13 22:43:24 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | The note was really intended for わたし, not わたくし (I wouldn't call わたくし "_slightly_ formal"). The references were all about わたし. |
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| 10. | A* 2019-12-13 22:39:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | My first thought was "no way" as I was taught that わたし and わたくし were essentially the same. But I agree that the politeness, and slightly feminine nuance, not to mention the later senses, make it an uncomfortable combination. I've proposed a split. Aside: I first heard わたくし spoken in 1982 when we took my elder daughter (then 10) to a Girls Scouts meeting in Nagano-ken. They had a formal "promise" recital which included use of わたくし. I've also heard it used by males in formal speeches. |
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| Diff: | @@ -16,4 +15,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>わたくし</reb> -<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri> -</r_ele> @@ -22 +17,0 @@ -<s_inf>slightly formal or feminine</s_inf> @@ -26,14 +20,0 @@ -<sense> -<stagr>わたくし</stagr> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>private affairs</gloss> -<gloss>personal matter</gloss> -<gloss>secrecy</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<stagr>わたくし</stagr> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>selfishness</gloss> -</sense> |
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| (show/hide 9 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ symmetry |
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| 2. |
[n]
{grammar}
▶ second person
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| 9. | A 2025-12-10 23:42:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | 対称の is not "symmetrical". |
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| Diff: | @@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> |
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| 8. | A 2022-11-08 11:19:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr |
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| Diff: | @@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1462500">二人称</xref> |
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| 7. | A 2021-12-14 01:51:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Bulk convert ling to gramm -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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| Diff: | @@ -23 +23 @@ -<field>&ling;</field> +<field>&gramm;</field> |
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| 6. | A 2020-03-08 02:25:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 5. | A* 2020-03-07 12:55:49 dine <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr: 〔文法〕 gakken: 〔言語学・文法〕 smk: 〔文法で〕 |
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| Diff: | @@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<field>&ling;</field> |
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| (show/hide 4 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
{grammar}
▶ second person
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| 2. |
[n]
▶ second-person address term (e.g. pronoun, personal name, kinship term, title) ▶ form of address used for the second person |
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| 6. | A 2025-12-10 22:22:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think sense 2 is more colloquial. Probably shouldn't have a grammar tag. |
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| Diff: | @@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<field>&gramm;</field> |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-10 11:04:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-09 20:39:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I don't think we need a "second-person pronoun" sense in addition to these two. Sense 2 includes personal pronouns. Definite article not needed for sense 1. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16,7 +17 @@ -<gloss>(the) second person</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2154570">二人称代名詞</xref> -<field>&gramm;</field> -<gloss>second-person pronoun</gloss> +<gloss>second person</gloss> @@ -27,2 +22,2 @@ -<gloss>second-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>word or expression used to refer to one's addressee(s)</gloss> +<gloss>second-person address term (e.g. pronoun, personal name, kinship term, title)</gloss> +<gloss>form of address used for the second person</gloss> |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-09 03:07:16 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Elucidating. A whole subsection called 代名詞を使わない二人称 i.e. 二人称 that don't use pronouns https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の二人称代名詞 For example, kinship terms: 血縁関係 お父さん(パパ)・お母さん(ママ)・お爺ちゃん・お婆ちゃん・おじさん・おばさん 等 Customers: お客様 客に対して使う二人称。「お客さん」もよく使われる。 |
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| Comments: | Wrapping up a proposal for 一人称・二人称・三人称 Notes mostly at 一人称. Some comments at 三人称. お父さん cannot be [2]. But in many contexts 二人称 is being used as shorthand for "pronoun", especially in foreign language classroom contexts. The wikipedia article is fascinating. It has a whole section called "代名詞を使わない二人称". We could dither about whether [3] is technically a contorted use of [1], but in practice for translation purposes, 二人称 seems to be used to mean "the words themselves". The wikipedia example for お客様 is the most unambiguous: お客様 客に対して使う二人称。「お客さん」もよく使われる。 |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>2人称</keb> @@ -13 +16 @@ -<gloss>second person</gloss> +<gloss>(the) second person</gloss> @@ -19,0 +23,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&gramm;</field> +<gloss>second-person reference term (e.g. pronoun, kinship term, title, name, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>word or expression used to refer to one's addressee(s)</gloss> |
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| 2. | A* 2025-12-02 03:31:31 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 二人称 32466 97.6% 二人称代名詞 786 2.4% daijs https://kotobank.jp/word/二人称-592514 文法で人称の一。話し手(書き手)に対して、聞き手(読み手)をさし示すもの。日本語では、「あなた」「あなたがた」「きみ」「きみたち」など。第二人称。対称。 |
|
| Comments: | See also edit to 一人称. daijs |
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| Diff: | @@ -14,0 +15,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2154570">二人称代名詞</xref> +<field>&gramm;</field> +<gloss>second-person pronoun</gloss> +</sense> |
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| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
{agriculture}
▶ treading on wheat seedlings after planting (for better yield and health) |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-11 10:24:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I did wonder about adding more. Maybe useful. |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-11 09:39:09 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Sankoku |
|
| Comments: | I think including the reason is helpful here. Adding tag |
|
| Diff: | @@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>treading on wheat seedlings after planting</gloss> +<field>&agric;</field> +<gloss>treading on wheat seedlings after planting (for better yield and health)</gloss> |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:29:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://www.smallfarmcanada.ca/news/Research Notes/trampling-seedlings-for-a-good-cause/ |
|
| Comments: | Very interesting. |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 04:27:08 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/麦踏み https://kotobank.jp/word/麦踏み-641088#w-641088 daijs, wiki |
|
| Comments: | Thought it could use a bit more explanation |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>treading wheat plants</gloss> +<gloss>treading on wheat seedlings after planting</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[adj-i]
[uk]
▶ bothersome ▶ tiresome ▶ bother to do
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| 5. | A 2025-12-10 20:03:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-10 19:36:50 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ メンド臭い │ 2,489 │ 65.2% │ │ めんど臭い │ 975 │ 25.5% │ │ めんどう臭い │ 354 │ 9.3% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -10,0 +11,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>メンド臭い</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>めんど臭い</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-09 18:01:52 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | メンドくさい 11,563 |
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| Diff: | @@ -18,0 +19,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>メンドくさい</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> |
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| 2. | A 2015-04-10 03:06:32 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2015-04-10 00:28:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Daijr, GG5, etc. N-grams: 面倒くさい 742704 面倒臭い 174916 めんどうくさい 25104 めんどくさい 1133520 |
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| Comments: | The refs prefer めんどうくさい, but people mostly write めんどくさい. |
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| Diff: | @@ -13,2 +13 @@ -<reb>めんどうくさい</reb> -<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri> +<reb>めんどくさい</reb> @@ -18 +17,2 @@ -<reb>めんどくさい</reb> +<reb>めんどうくさい</reb> +<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri> @@ -22 +22,2 @@ -<gloss>bother(some) to do</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>bothersome</gloss> @@ -23,0 +25 @@ +<gloss>bother to do</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[n]
{grammar}
▶ first person
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| 1. | A 2025-12-10 22:14:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daij, koj |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<field>&ling;</field> +<xref type="see" seq="1163740">一人称・1</xref> +<field>&gramm;</field> |
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| 1. |
[adv]
[uk]
▶ immediately ▶ instantly ▶ right away
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| 2. |
[adv]
[uk]
▶ suddenly ▶ abruptly ▶ all of a sudden |
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| 6. | A 2025-12-11 08:46:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | 中辞典 (splits senses) |
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| 5. | A* 2025-12-10 22:14:40 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | sankoku, meikyo, etc. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 矢庭に │ 1,246 │ 13.3% │ │ 矢場に │ 366 │ 3.9% │ add rK (prob false positives and only in daijr and koj) │ やにわに │ 7,774 │ 82.8% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,0 +17,7 @@ +<gloss>immediately</gloss> +<gloss>instantly</gloss> +<gloss>right away</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -17 +25,2 @@ -<gloss>instantly</gloss> +<gloss>abruptly</gloss> +<gloss>all of a sudden</gloss> |
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| 4. | A 2015-03-09 10:37:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | ngrams |
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| Comments: | then please look it up to check and provide the reference |
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| Diff: | @@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> |
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| 3. | A* 2015-03-08 15:35:12 | |
| Comments: | [uk] I think |
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| 2. | A 2010-07-30 05:36:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ tailor's chalk |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 11:00:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 04:07:58 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | https://kotobank.jp/word/ちやこ-3183146#w-566754 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チャコ https://kotobank.jp/jeword/チャコ#w-3209064 daijs, wiki prog |
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| Comments: | Different from チョーク it seems |
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| Diff: | @@ -9 +9 @@ -<gloss>chalk</gloss> +<gloss>tailor's chalk</gloss> |
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| 1. |
[adv,adv-to,vs]
[on-mim]
▶ idly ▶ lazily ▶ aimlessly
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| 2. |
[adv,adv-to,vs]
[on-mim]
▶ evasively ▶ elusively ▶ vaguely ▶ non-committally
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| 3. |
(ぬらりくらり only)
[adv,adv-to,vs]
[on-mim]
▶ soft and slippery |
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| 7. | A 2025-12-11 20:17:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 6. | A* 2025-12-11 17:16:01 parfait8 | |
| Comments: | even with daijr/s i still get the feeling sense 1 is much more rare with ぬらりくらり but it's fine i guess |
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| Diff: | @@ -11 +11 @@ -<reb>ノラリクラ</reb> +<reb>ノラリクラリ</reb> |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-11 01:14:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Daijr/s and koj have sense 1 for ぬらりくらり. |
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| Diff: | @@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>ノラリクラリ</reb> +<reb>ぬらりくらり</reb> @@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<reb>ぬらりくらり</reb> +<reb>ノラリクラ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> |
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| 4. | A* 2025-12-10 20:35:29 parfait8 | |
| Comments: | ぬらりくらり isn't used for sense 1, maybe better to split out |
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| 3. | A 2021-06-22 23:44:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | ノラリクラリ 8432 のらりくらり 181658 ぬらりくらり 953 |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ノラリクラリ</reb> |
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| (show/hide 2 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n,vs,vi]
▶ being enrolled in a kindergarten or nursery school ▶ attending a kindergarten or nursery school |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-11 00:57:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-11 00:46:29 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr/s |
|
| Comments: | I think this is clearer. |
|
| Diff: | @@ -13 +13,3 @@ -<gloss>enrolment of a child in a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>being enrolled in a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss> +<gloss>attending a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss> |
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| 3. | A 2025-12-10 20:07:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-09 23:50:42 | |
| Refs: | daijs includes こども園 also |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>enrolment of a child in a kindergarten</gloss> +<gloss>enrolment of a child in a kindergarten or nursery school</gloss> |
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| 1. | A 2008-07-23 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ coralberry (Ardisia crenata) |
|
| 3. | A 2025-12-10 10:54:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 2. | A* 2025-12-10 03:34:06 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | マンリョウ 12987 15.1% 万両 72989 84.9% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/マンリョウ |
|
| Comments: | Format update |
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| Diff: | @@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>マンリョウ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -12,2 +16 @@ -<gloss>Ardisia crenata</gloss> -<gloss>coralberry</gloss> +<gloss>coralberry (Ardisia crenata)</gloss> |
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| 1. | A 2008-08-08 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
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| 1. |
[exp,v5s]
▶ to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity) ▶ to be panting ▶ to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity) |
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| 2. | A* 2025-12-10 10:06:17 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Notice the verb forms, which support the "~ing" glosses 息を切らし 48821 息を切らして 24002 息を切らせ 22363 息を切らしながら 16465 息を切らせて 10374 息を切らせながら 8825 息を切らす 3537 息を切らしている 2886 息を切らした 2563 息を切らしてい 2182 息を切らしていた 1441 https://kotobank.jp/word/息を切らす-431112 運動などをして、せわしく呼吸をする。「―・して駆け戻る」 To breathe quickly while exercising. https://www.weblio.jp/content/息を切らす ぜいぜいと呼吸すること、運動などをした結果としてあはあと呼吸すること、などを意味する表現。 An expression that means breathing heavily or panting as a result of exercise, etc. I dislike all of eijiro's translations with "breathless". (at link, not included below) https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=息を切ら 他動 wind(走らせたり殴ったりして人の) 自動 gasp huff pant サッカーをして息を切らす pant from playing soccer 全速力で走って息を切らす be out of breath from sprinting 疲れて少し息を切らす pant a little with exertion(運動・労働などで) 興奮して息を切らす be short of breath with excitement 重い荷物に息を切らす pant under a heavy load 息を切らした競走馬 winded racehorse With pic of runners 息を切らして巡る蔵王温泉 「おもてなし山形トライアスロン」初開催 https://www.yamagata-np.jp/news/202509/21/kj_2025092100522.php Gemini on "out of breath" nuance evolution https://gemini.google.com/share/16c7eeed1a15 |
|
| Comments: | Encountered in a textbook. Japanese dictionary entry seems straight forward. Unlike 息切れ, this is something you can do while you're running. See, for example: "息を切らして走る" 息を切らして走って 738 I suspect this is another case where English connotation has diverged. I think "out of breath" used to be a better match, but now has a strong connotation of "complete physical exhaustion" and "inability to continue without stopping to recover" which do not usually apply to 息を切らす. "out of breath" is only a useful gloss after an activity has completed. 走って息を切らした. "I was out of breath from running". Probably still stronger than the Japanese intention. 息を切らす seems to me to mark a state change (see ngram て form). Once it happens, you'll be panting for a while. So I have glossed these with "~ing". This should almost never be translated "he panted" or "he breathed heavily" regardless of conjugation. Eijiro uses "breathless" in a number of translations. I think this use is [dated]. Collins also gives 息を切らして言った as "he said breathlessly". For a modern reader, I think this is a completely different meaning than the Japanese. Oxford, breathlessly[2]: "in a way that is characterized by great excitement or suspense." |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +13,3 @@ -<gloss>to be out of breath</gloss> +<gloss>to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity)</gloss> +<gloss>to be panting</gloss> +<gloss>to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity)</gloss> |
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| 1. | A 2008-08-08 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
|
| 1. |
[exp,v5s]
▶ to breathe hard (e.g. during physical activity) ▶ to pant ▶ to lose one's breath ▶ to run out of breath |
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| 3. | A* 2026-02-15 13:54:02 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Meikyo: せわしい息づかいをする。 |
|
| Comments: | >Notice the verb forms, which support the "~ing" glosses I agree, but the gloss should reflect the base form, which is unmarked. |
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| Diff: | @@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ -<gloss>to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity)</gloss> -<gloss>to be panting</gloss> -<gloss>to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity)</gloss> +<gloss>to breathe hard (e.g. during physical activity)</gloss> +<gloss>to pant</gloss> +<gloss>to lose one's breath</gloss> +<gloss>to run out of breath</gloss> |
|
| 2. | A* 2025-12-10 10:06:17 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | Notice the verb forms, which support the "~ing" glosses 息を切らし 48821 息を切らして 24002 息を切らせ 22363 息を切らしながら 16465 息を切らせて 10374 息を切らせながら 8825 息を切らす 3537 息を切らしている 2886 息を切らした 2563 息を切らしてい 2182 息を切らしていた 1441 https://kotobank.jp/word/息を切らす-431112 運動などをして、せわしく呼吸をする。「―・して駆け戻る」 To breathe quickly while exercising. https://www.weblio.jp/content/息を切らす ぜいぜいと呼吸すること、運動などをした結果としてあはあと呼吸すること、などを意味する表現。 An expression that means breathing heavily or panting as a result of exercise, etc. I dislike all of eijiro's translations with "breathless". (at link, not included below) https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=息を切ら 他動 wind(走らせたり殴ったりして人の) 自動 gasp huff pant サッカーをして息を切らす pant from playing soccer 全速力で走って息を切らす be out of breath from sprinting 疲れて少し息を切らす pant a little with exertion(運動・労働などで) 興奮して息を切らす be short of breath with excitement 重い荷物に息を切らす pant under a heavy load 息を切らした競走馬 winded racehorse With pic of runners 息を切らして巡る蔵王温泉 「おもてなし山形トライアスロン」初開催 https://www.yamagata-np.jp/news/202509/21/kj_2025092100522.php Gemini on "out of breath" nuance evolution https://gemini.google.com/share/16c7eeed1a15 |
|
| Comments: | Encountered in a textbook. Japanese dictionary entry seems straight forward. Unlike 息切れ, this is something you can do while you're running. See, for example: "息を切らして走る" 息を切らして走って 738 I suspect this is another case where English connotation has diverged. I think "out of breath" used to be a better match, but now has a strong connotation of "complete physical exhaustion" and "inability to continue without stopping to recover" which do not usually apply to 息を切らす. "out of breath" is only a useful gloss after an activity has completed. 走って息を切らした. "I was out of breath from running". Probably still stronger than the Japanese intention. 息を切らす seems to me to mark a state change (see ngram て form). Once it happens, you'll be panting for a while. So I have glossed these with "~ing". This should almost never be translated "he panted" or "he breathed heavily" regardless of conjugation. Eijiro uses "breathless" in a number of translations. I think this use is [dated]. Collins also gives 息を切らして言った as "he said breathlessly". For a modern reader, I think this is a completely different meaning than the Japanese. Oxford, breathlessly[2]: "in a way that is characterized by great excitement or suspense." |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +13,3 @@ -<gloss>to be out of breath</gloss> +<gloss>to be breathing hard (esp. during physical activity)</gloss> +<gloss>to be panting</gloss> +<gloss>to be out of breath (esp. after physical activity)</gloss> |
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| 1. | A 2008-08-08 00:00:00 | |
| Comments: | Entry created |
|
| 1. |
[exp,n]
[uk]
▶ (on) the spur of the moment ▶ (by) mere chance |
|
| 4. | A 2025-12-11 00:24:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 |
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| Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -17,2 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>spur of the moment</gloss> -<gloss>mere chance</gloss> +<gloss>(on) the spur of the moment</gloss> +<gloss>(by) mere chance</gloss> |
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| 3. | A* 2025-12-10 22:48:55 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 物の弾み │ 360 │ 8.6% │ │ 物のはずみ │ 246 │ 5.9% │ │ もののはずみ │ 3,593 │ 85.6% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> |
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| 2. | A 2012-07-20 06:02:20 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2012-07-14 01:53:07 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | koj, daij, gg5 |
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| 1. |
[exp,adv]
▶ since one was born ▶ in one's (entire) life ▶ in all one's life |
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| 10. | A 2025-12-10 00:00:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 |
|
| Comments: | More natural expression. |
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| Diff: | @@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>since one's birth</gloss> +<gloss>since one was born</gloss> |
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| 9. | A 2025-12-09 23:31:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 8. | A* 2025-12-09 23:22:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Diff: | @@ -17,2 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>in one's whole life</gloss> -<gloss>all one's life</gloss> +<gloss>in one's (entire) life</gloss> +<gloss>in all one's life</gloss> |
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| 7. | A 2021-12-24 08:11:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I think it's ok here. We'd need to revisit この方 if we change it. |
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| 6. | A* 2021-12-22 00:05:27 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | この方 isn't an adverb in the kokugos. Does that matter or should we use adv for anything that's adverb-like? |
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| (show/hide 5 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ pup ▶ puppy ▶ whelp
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| 2. |
[n]
[derog]
▶ damn dog ▶ mutt |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-11 01:06:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-10 22:01:30 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 犬っころ │ 9,189 │ 67.2% │ │ いぬっころ │ 3,589 │ 26.3% │ │ 犬ッコロ │ 888 │ 6.5% │ add ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| Diff: | @@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>犬ッコロ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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| 2. | A 2016-07-03 19:44:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2016-07-01 16:01:24 Marcus Richert | |
| Refs: | daijs いぬころ entry eij "犬っころ mutt〈軽蔑的〉" http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/3496939.html |
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| 1. |
[n]
[sl,vulg]
▶ pussy |
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| 2. |
[n]
[rare]
▶ fleshy fold |
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| 6. | A 2026-01-05 02:45:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| 5. | A* 2025-12-11 00:02:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | RP: dewbill and snood entries: 七面鳥のくちばしの付け根の肉襞. |
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| Comments: | I don't think リーダーズ+プラス is really saying that turkeys have pussies hanging round their necks. It seems to be also a rare term meaning "fleshy fold". |
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| Diff: | @@ -21,0 +22,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&rare;</misc> +<gloss>fleshy fold</gloss> |
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| 4. | A 2025-12-10 23:53:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 3. | A* 2025-12-10 21:47:33 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | https://jiten.moe/parse?text=肉襞 |
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| Diff: | @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>肉ひだ</keb> +<keb>肉ヒダ</keb> @@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<keb>肉ヒダ</keb> +<keb>肉ひだ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -15,6 +15,0 @@ -<re_restr>肉襞</re_restr> -<re_restr>肉ひだ</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>にくヒダ</reb> -<re_restr>肉ヒダ</re_restr> |
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| 2. | A 2021-01-15 07:23:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Moi non plus. |
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| (show/hide 1 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[adv]
《usu. as 今でこそ...だが...》 ▶ now (unlike then) |
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| 9. | A 2025-12-17 10:30:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | I guess that works. |
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| 8. | A* 2025-12-11 05:13:09 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Looks good to me. Better binary separation, while keeping the nuance. Thanks. |
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| 7. | A* 2025-12-10 07:01:48 | |
| Comments: | No, that doesn't work. |
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| Diff: | @@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<s_inf>usu. as 今でこそ...だが...; used to emphasize a contrast between the present and the past</s_inf> -<gloss>now more than ever</gloss> +<s_inf>usu. as 今でこそ...だが...</s_inf> +<gloss>now (unlike then)</gloss> |
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| 6. | A* 2025-12-10 04:19:25 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...> | |
| Comments: | Does something like this work? |
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| Diff: | @@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>now</gloss> +<gloss>now more than ever</gloss> |
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| 5. | A 2025-12-10 03:25:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| (show/hide 4 older log entries) | ||
| 1. |
[n]
▶ feeling you have something stuck (e.g. in your throat) ▶ globus sensation |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 20:08:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-09 13:03:42 Marcus Richert | |
| Refs: | つかえ感 1892 83.6% 支え感 305 13.5% 痞え感 67 3.0% 痞感 0 0.0% 閊え感 0 0.0% https://alinamin-kenko.jp/navi/navi_nodonotsukaekan.html のどのつかえ感 のどに異物がつかえていたり、炎症が起きて腫れているときはもちろん、検査をしても異常がないのに、のどの奥に何か詰まっているように感じることがあります。このようなのどの異物感、違和感が「のどのつかえ感」です。 saw つかえ感 on medicine |
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| 1. |
[n]
{veterinary terms}
▶ bovine leukemia (former name for enzootic bovine leukosis)
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| 2. | A 2025-12-11 03:16:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/牛伝染性リンパ腫 牛白血病 1316 牛伝染性リンパ腫 0 |
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| Diff: | @@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see">牛伝染性リンパ腫・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2868346">牛伝染性リンパ腫</xref> @@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>bovine leukemia (old name for enzootic bovine leukosis)</gloss> +<gloss>bovine leukemia (former name for enzootic bovine leukosis)</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 00:11:43 Hendrik | |
| Refs: | https://ibaraki.lin.gr.jp/kachikueisei-info/koushin/contents/05-lymph-1.pdf |
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| Comments: | The old (and scientifically incorrect) terms "bovine leukemia" and 牛白血病 has been officially replaced with "enzootic bovine leukosis" and 牛伝染性リンパ腫 not only in Japanese but also in English, but this change has not been implemented throughly enough, so now we can find countless articles with "messy" statements of this kind: "Enzootic bovine leukosis is a disease of cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV)". I think the term 牛白血病 needs to be in the dictionary because of the many existing older pubications that contain it. |
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| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ Phalaenopsis japonica (species of orchid) |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 11:04:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 03:25:47 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | 名護蘭 459 12.1% ナゴラン 3329 87.9% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ナゴラン https://kotobank.jp/word/名護蘭-588590 daijs, wiki |
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| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris) |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 11:06:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 03:40:35 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | クサレダマ 2707 70.9% 草レダマ 154 4.0% 草連玉 955 25.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クサレダマ https://kotobank.jp/word/草れだま-1766767#w-483218 daijs, wiki |
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| 1. |
[n]
[uk]
▶ common map (Cyrestis thyodamas) ▶ map-wing butterfly |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 11:05:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 |
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| Diff: | @@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>map-wing butterfly</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 04:16:04 Joe Murray | |
| Refs: | イシガケチョウ 4363 97.5% 石崖蝶 50 1.1% 石垣蝶 63 1.4% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/イシガケチョウ https://kotobank.jp/word/石崖蝶-431980#w-431980 daijs, wiki |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ shearing (esp. of metal) |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 11:01:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 07:51:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 https://monoto.co.jp/shearingmachine/ https://jp.meviy.misumi-ec.com/info/ja/howto/31688/ |
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| 1. |
[n,vs,vi]
▶ change of company ▶ change of employer ▶ change of firm |
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| 2. |
[n]
[abbr]
{finance}
▶ convertible bond
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| 5. | A 2025-12-11 10:33:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 4. | A* 2025-12-11 09:26:59 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Daijr: ①「転換社債」の略。 ②同一の職種で他の会社に移ること。 Sankoku: ①〔文〕勤めていた会社をやめて、同業のほかの会社に移ること。 ②〘経〙←転換社債(てんかんしゃさい)。 Hendrik's comment: "counterpart to 転職" . |
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| Comments: | Given the kokugos specifying 同業/同一の職種で I don't think GG5's alternative gloss of "change of job" should stay. Maybe having this and 転職 xref each other would be worthwhile? |
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| Diff: | @@ -16 +16,9 @@ -<gloss>change of job</gloss> +<gloss>change of firm</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1704230">転換社債</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1704230">転換社債</xref> +<field>&finc;</field> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>convertible bond</gloss> |
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| 3. | A 2025-12-11 00:01:11 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | gg5 |
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| Diff: | @@ -14 +14,2 @@ -<gloss>changing employer</gloss> +<gloss>change of company</gloss> +<gloss>change of employer</gloss> |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 11:07:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5 |
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| Diff: | @@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -12,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>change of job</gloss> |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 08:21:40 Hendrik | |
| Refs: | https://www.trunkc.jp/environment/detail/id=632 https://www.axc.ne.jp/column/axis-column/2025/0326/2363.html?date=202503261328 https://guildworks.jp/column/archives/11/ https://note.com/light_ixia767/n/nf9822bfce8fa |
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| Comments: | Promoting from RH; counterpart to 転職 |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ voluntariness ▶ voluntary nature ▶ facultativity |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:30:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | GG5, 中辞典 |
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| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 12:33:31 Hendrik | |
| Refs: | Context: Interpreter Contract Item: 陳述の任意性の確保 Explication: ~職員が通訳を依頼した以外の内容を申請人に伝えることはしません |
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| 1. |
[n]
[rare]
▶ full moon
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| 2. | A 2025-12-11 03:01:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 19:01:09 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | kanken, nikk, koj, etc. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────╮ │ 円月 │ 18,273 │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────╯ |
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| Comments: | found it used in this context though it seems mostly used for stuff like 円月島 |
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| 1. |
[n]
{zoology}
▶ homing instinct ▶ homing ability
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:31:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 20:21:33 Sombrero1 | |
| Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 回帰性 │ 4,712 │ 87.4% │岩波 生物学辞典 第4版, GG5, 25万語医学用語大辞典 英和/和英, Chuujiten │ 帰巣性 │ 680 │ 12.6% │We have this ╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| 1. |
[adv,adv-to,vs]
▶ slimy ▶ slippery
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:36:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 20:28:07 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | daijr/s, nikk, koj sankoku, gg5 as ぬらりと Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ ぬらりと │ 2,219 │ 84.1% │ │ ヌラリと │ 420 │ 15.9% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| 1. |
[adv,adv-to,vs]
▶ slimy ▶ slippery
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:36:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 20:30:13 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | daijr/s, smk, gg5, etc. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ ぬるりと │ 6,413 │ 76.3% │ │ ヌルリと │ 1,997 │ 23.7% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ gaming mouse |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:32:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 22:37:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr ゲーミングマウス 1,570 |
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| Comments: | Millions of web hits. |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ gaming device ▶ gaming peripheral |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:33:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 22:41:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr/s |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ gaming headset |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:32:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 22:43:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr |
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| Comments: | Millions of web hits. |
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| 1. |
[n]
{computing}
▶ head tracking |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:35:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 22:47:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijs https://www.xr-lifedig.com/beginner/241016_01/ https://support.apple.com/ja-jp/guide/airpods/dev00eb7e0a3/web |
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| 1. |
[n]
▶ gaming keyboard |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-10 23:33:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 22:49:09 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
| Refs: | daijr/s |
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| 1. |
[n]
{Buddhism}
▶ non-Buddhist teachings ▶ heterodoxy ▶ external path |
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| 2. | A 2025-12-11 01:05:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
| 1. | A* 2025-12-10 23:53:54 parfait8 | |
| Refs: | daijr/s, jawiki, etc. https://www.wisdomlib.org/concept/external-path#:~:text=In Buddhism, "External path",by Ananda's risk of influence. |
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